Functions of Myc:Max in the control of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis

International Review of Cytology

Volumn 238, Issue SPEC. ISS., 2004, Pages 183-226

  Hurlin, Peter J ^a   Dezfouli, Shala ^a  

^a OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Cell proliferation; Mad; Max; Mnt; Myc

Indexed keywords

MAX PROTEIN; MYC PROTEIN; PROTEIN; PROTEIN MAD; PROTEIN MNT; PROTEIN P53; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

APOPTOSIS; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL CYCLE; CELL FUNCTION; CELL PROLIFERATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW;

EID: 4444324593     PISSN: 00747696     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7696(04)38004-6     Document Type: Article

References (252)

1. Adams J.M., Harris A.W., Pinkert C.A., Corcoran L.M., Alexander W.S., Cory S., Palmiter R.D., Brinster R.L. The c-myc oncogene driven by immunoglobulin enhancers induces lymphoid malignancy in transgenic mice. Nature. 318:1985;533-538
2. Adams J.M., Hauser C.J., Fekete Z., Livingston D.H., Deitch E.A. G-protein receptor responses in trauma neutrophils. J. Trauma. 49:2000;1096-1101
3. Adhikary S., Peukert K., Karsunky H., Beuger V., Lutz W., Elsasser H.P., Moroy T., Eilers M. Miz1 is required for early embryonic development during gastrulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:2003;7648-7657
4. Alt J.R., Greiner T.C., Cleveland J.L., Eischen C.M. Mdm2 haploinsufficiency profoundly inhibits Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. EMBO J. 22:2003;1442-1450
5. Amati B., Dalton S., Brooks M.W., Littlewood T.D., Evan G.I., Land H. Transcriptional activation by the human c-Myc oncoprotein in yeast requires interaction with Max. Nature. 359:1992;423-426
6. Amati B., Brooks M.W., Levy N., Littlewood T.D., Evan G.I., Land H. Oncogenic activity of the c-Myc protein requires dimerization with Max. Cell. 72:1993a;233-245
7. Amati B., Littlewood T.D., Evan G.I., Land H. The c-Myc protein induces cell cycle progression and apoptosis through dimerization with Max. EMBO J. 12:1993b;5083-5087
8. Amati B., Frank S.R., Donjerkovic D., Taubert S. Function of the c-Myc oncoprotein in chromatin remodeling and transcription. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1471:2001;M135-M145
9. Amin C., Wagner A.J., Hay N. Sequence-specific transcriptional activation by Myc and repression by Max. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1993;383-390
10. Askew D.S., Ashmun R.A., Simmons B.C., Cleveland J.L. Constitutive c-myc expression in an IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line suppresses cell cycle arrest and accelerates apoptosis. Oncogene. 6:1991;1915-1922
11. Ayer D.E., Eisenman R.N. A switch from Myc:Max to Mad:Max heterocomplexes accompanies monocytemacrophage differentiation. Genes Dev. 7:1993;2110-2119
12. Ayer D.E., Kretzner L., Eisenman R.N. Mad: A heterodimeric partner for Max that antagonizes Myc transcriptional activity. Cell. 72:1993;211-222
13. Ayer D.E., Lawrence Q.A., Eisenman R.N. Mad-Max transcriptional repression is mediated by ternary complex formation with mammalian homologs of yeast repressor Sin3. Cell. 80:1995;767-776
14. Baudino T.A., McKay C., Pendeville-Samain H., Nilsson J.A., Maclean K.H., White E.L., Davis A.C., Ihle J.N., Cleveland J.L. c-Myc is essential for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during development and tumor progression. Genes Dev. 16:2002;2530-2543
15. Baudino T.A., Maclean K.H., Brennan J., Parganas E., Yang C., Aslanian A., Lees J.A., Sherr C.J., Roussel M.F., Cleveland J.L. Myc-mediated proliferation and lymphomagenesis, but not apoptosis, are compromised by E2f1 loss. Mol. Cell. 11:2003;905-914
16. Beier R., Burgin A., Kiermaier A., Fero M., Karsunky H., Saffrich R., Moroy T., Ansorge W., Roberts J., Eilers M. Induction of cyclin E-cdk2 kinase activity, E2F-dependent transcription and cell growth by Myc are genetically separable events. EMBO J. 19:2000;5813-5823
17. Berberich S.J., Cole M.D. Casein kinase II inhibits the DNA-binding activity of Max homodimers but not MycMax heterodimers. Genes Dev. 6:1992;166-176
18. Berns A. Tumorigenesis in transgenic mice: Identification and characterization of synergizing oncogenes. J. Cell Biochem. 47:1991;130-135
19. 1 arrest through reduction of cyclin ECDK2 kinase activity. Oncogene. 15:1997;1347-1356
20. Berns K., Hijmans E.M., Koh E., Daley G.Q., Bernards R. A genetic screen to identify genes that rescue the slow growth phenotype of c-myc null fibroblasts. Oncogene. 19:2000;3330-3334
21. Billin A.N., Eilers A.L., Queva C., Ayer D.E. Mlx, a novel Max-like BHLHZip protein that interacts with the Max network of transcription factors. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;36344-36350
22. Billin A.N., Eilers A.L., Coulter K.L., Logan J.S., Ayer D.E. MondoA, a novel basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcriptional activator that constitutes a positive branch of a Max-like network. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:2000;8845-8854
23. Blackwell T.K., Kretzner L., Blackwood E.M., Eisenman R.N., Weintraub H. Sequence-specific DNA binding by the c-Myc protein. Science. 250:1990;1149-1151
24. Blackwood E.M., Eisenman R.N. Max: A helix-loop-helix zipper protein that forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding complex with Myc. Science. 251:1991;1211-1217
25. Blackwood E.M., Luscher B., Eisenman R.N. Myc and Max associate in vivo. Genes Dev. 6:1992;71-80
26. Bouchard C., Thieke K., Maier A., Saffrich R., Hanley-Hyde J., Ansorge W., Reed S., Sicinski P., Bartek J., Eilers M. Direct induction of cyclin D2 by Myc contributes to cell cycle progression and sequestration of p27. EMBO J. 18:1999;5321-5333
27. Bouchard C., Dittrich O., Kiermaier A., Dohmann K., Menkel A., Eilers M., Luscher B. Regulation of cyclin D2 gene expression by the MycMaxMad network: Myc-dependent TRRAP recruitment and histone acetylation at the cyclin D2 promoter. Genes Dev. 15:2001;2042-2047
28. Brandvold K.A., Neiman P., Ruddell A. Angiogenesis is an early event in the generation of myc-induced lymphomas. Oncogene. 19:2000;2780-2785
29. Breit S., Ashman K., Wilting J., Rossler J., Hatzi E., Fotsis T., Schweigerer L. The N-myc oncogene in human neuroblastoma cells: Down-regulation of an angiogenesis inhibitor identified as activin A. Cancer Res. 60:2000;4596-4601
30. Brummelkamp T.R., Kortlever R.M., Lingbeek M., Trettel F., MacDonald M.E., van Lohuizen M., Bernards R. TBX-3, the gene mutated in Ulnar-Mammary syndrome, is a negative regulator of p19ARF and inhibits senescence. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;6567-6572
31. Cairo S., Merla G., Urbinati F., Ballabio A., Reymond A. WBSCR14, a gene mapping to the Williams-Beuren syndrome deleted region, is a new member of the Mlx transcription factor network. Hum. Mol. Genet. 10:2001;617-627
32. Carlson H., Ota S., Song Y., Chen Y., Hurlin P.J. Tbx3 impinges on the p53 pathway to suppress apoptosis, facilitate cell transformation and block myogenic differentiation. Oncogene. 21:2002;3827-3835
33. Casey G., Plummer S., Hoeltge G., Scanlon D., Fasching C., Stanbridge E.J. Functional evidence for a breast cancer growth suppressor gene on chromosome 17. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2:1993;1921-1927
34. Cavalieri F., Goldfarb M. Growth factor-deprived BALBc 3T3 murine fibroblasts can enter the S phase after induction of c-myc gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1987;3554-3560
35. Cawley S., Bekiranov S., Ng H.H., Kapranov P., Sekinger E.A., Kampa D., Piccolboni A., Sementchenko V., Cheng J., Williams A.J., Wheeler R., Wong B., Drenkow J., Yamanaka M., Patel S., Brubaker S., Tammana H., Helt G., Struhl K., Gingeras T.R. Unbiased mapping of transcription factor binding sites along human chromosomes 21 and 22 points to widespread regulation of noncoding RNAs. Cell. 116:2004;499-509
36. Cerni C., Bousset K., Seelos C., Burkhardt H., Henriksson M., Luscher B. Differential effects by Mad and Max on transformation by cellular and viral oncoproteins. Oncogene. 11:1995;587-596
37. Cerni C., Skrzypek B., Popov N., Sasgary S., Schmidt G., Larsson L.G., Luscher B., Henriksson M. Repression of in vivo growth of MycRas transformed tumor cells by Mad1. Oncogene. 21:2002;447-459
38. Charron J., Malynn B.A., Fisher P., Stewart V., Jeannotte L., Goff S.P., Robertson E.J., Alt F.W. Embryonic lethality in mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of the N-myc gene. Genes Dev. 6:1992;2248-2257
39. Cheng S.W., Davies K.P., Yung E., Beltran R.J., Yu J., Kalpana G.V. c-MYC interacts with INI1hSNF5 and requires the SWISNF complex for transactivation function. Nat. Genet. 22:1999;102-105
40. Claassen G.F., Hann S.R. A role for transcriptional repression of p21CIP1 by c-Myc in overcoming transforming growth factor β-induced cell-cycle arrest. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97:2000;9498-9503
41. Cole M.D. The myc oncogene: Its role in transformation and differentiation. Annu. Rev. Genet. 20:1986;361-384
42. Cole M.D., McMahon S.B. The Myc oncoprote: A critical evaluation of transactivation and target gene regulation. Oncogene. 18:1999;2916-2924
43. Coller H.A., Grandori C., Tamayo P., Colbert T., Lander E.S., Eisenman R.N., Golub T.R. Expression analysis with oligonucleotide microarrays reveals that MYC regulates genes involved in growth, cell cycle, signaling, and adhesion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97:2000;3260-3265
44. Coppola J.A., Cole M.D. Constitutive c-myc oncogene expression blocks mouse erythroleukaemia cell differentiation but not commitment. Nature. 320:1986;760-763
45. Crouch D.H., Lang C., Gillespie D.A. The leucine zipper domain of avian cMyc is required for transformation and autoregulation. Oncogene. 5:1990;683-689
46. Crouch D.H., Fisher F., Clark W., Jayaraman P.S., Goding C.R., Gillespie D.A. Gene-regulatory properties of Myc helix-loop-helixleucine zipper mutants: Max-dependent DNA binding and transcriptional activation in yeast correlates with transforming capacity. Oncogene. 8:1993;1849-1855
47. Dang C.V., McGuire M., Buckmire M., Lee W.M. Involvement of the "leucine zipper" region in the oligomerization and transforming activity of human c-Myc protein. Nature. 337:1989;664-666
48. Davis A.C., Wims M., Spotts G.D., Hann S.R., Bradley A. A null c-myc mutation causes lethality before 10.5 days of gestation in homozygotes and reduced fertility in heterozygous female mice. Genes Dev. 7:1993;671-682
49. D'Cruz C.M., Gunther E.J., Boxer R.B., Hartman J.L., Sintasath L., Moody S.E., Cox J.D., Ha S.I., Belka G.K., Golant A., Cardiff R.D., Chodosh L.A. c-MYC induces mammary tumorigenesis by means of a preferred pathway involving spontaneous Kras2 mutations. Nat. Med. 7:2001;235-239
50. de Alboran I.M., O'Hagan R.C., Gartner F., Malynn B., Davidson L., Rickert R., Rajewsky K., DePinho R.A., Alt F.W. Analysis of C-MYC function in normal cells via conditional gene-targeted mutation. Immunity. 14:2001;45-55
51. Dmitrovsky E., Kuehl W.M., Hollis G.F., Kirsch I.R., Bender T.P., Segal S. Expression of a transfected human c-myc oncogene inhibits differentiation of a mouse erythroleukaemia cell line. Nature. 322:1986;748-750
52. Douglas N.C., Jacobs H., Bothwell A.L., Hayday A.C. Defining the specific physiological requirements for c-Myc in T cell development. Nat. Immunol. 2:2001;307-315
53. Downs K.M., Martin G.R., Bishop J.M. Contrasting patterns of myc and N-myc expression during gastrulation of the mouse embryo. Genes Dev. 3:1989;860-869
54. Eberhardy S.R., Farnham P.J. Myc recruits P-TEFb to mediate the final step in the transcriptional activation of the cad promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;40156-40162
55. Eilers M., Picard D., Yamamoto K.R., Bishop J.M. Chimaeras of Myc oncoprotein and steroid receptors cause hormone-dependent transformation of cells. Nature. 340:1989;66-68
56. Eilers M., Schirm S., Bishop J.M. The MYC protein activates transcription of the α-prothymosin gene. EMBO J. 10:1991;133-141
57. Eischen C.M., Weber J.D., Roussel M.F., Sherr C.J., Cleveland J.L. Disruption of the ARF-Mdm2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway in Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Genes Dev. 13:1999;2658-2669
58. Eischen C.M., Roussel M.F., Korsmeyer S.J., Cleveland J.L. Bax loss impairs Myc-induced apoptosis and circumvents the selection of p53 mutations during Myc-mediated lymphomagenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:2001a;7653-7662
59. L or Bcl-2 is bypassed during lymphomagenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:2001b;5063-5070
60. Eisenman R.N. Deconstructing myc. Genes Dev. 15:2001;2023-2030
61. Elo J.P., Visakorpi T. Molecular genetics of prostate cancer. Ann. Med. 33:2001;130-141
62. Evan G.I., Wyllie A.H., Gilbert C.S., Littlewood T.D., Land H., Brooks M., Waters C.M., Penn L.Z., Hancock D.C. Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-Myc protein. Cell. 69:1992;119-128
63. Fanidi A., Harrington E.A., Evan G.I. Cooperative interaction between c-myc and bcl-2 proto-oncogenes. Nature. 359:1992;554-556
64. Felsher D.W. Oncogenes as therapeutic targets. Semin. Cancer Biol. 14:2004;1
65. Felsher D.W., Bishop J.M. Reversible tumorigenesis by MYC in hematopoietic lineages. Mol. Cell. 4:1999;199-207
66. Ink4B. Mol. Cell. 9:2002;133-143
67. Fernandez P.C., Frank S.R., Wang L., Schroeder M., Liu S., Greene J., Cocito A., Amati B. Genomic targets of the human c-Myc protein. Genes Dev. 17:2003;1115-1129
68. Ferre-D'Amare A.R., Prendergast G.C., Ziff E.B., Burley S.K. Recognition by Max of its cognate DNA through a dimeric bHLHZ domain. Nature. 363:1993;38-45
69. Fest T., Mougey V., Dalstein V., Hagerty M., Milette D., Silva S., Mai S. c-MYC overexpression in BaF3 cells simultaneously elicits genomic instability and apoptosis. Oncogene. 21:2002;2981-2990
70. Foley K.P., McArthur G.A., Queva C., Hurlin P.J., Soriano P., Eisenman R.N. Targeted disruption of the MYC antagonist MAD1 inhibits cell cycle exit during granulocyte differentiation. EMBO J. 17:1998;774-785
71. Fotsis T., Breit S., Lutz W., Rossler J., Hatzi E., Schwab M., Schweigerer L. Down-regulation of endothelial cell growth inhibitors by enhanced MYCN oncogene expression in human neuroblastoma cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 263:1999;757-764
72. Fox C.J., Hammerman P.S., Cinalli R.M., Master S.R., Chodosh L.A., Thompson C.B. The serinethreonine kinase Pim-2 is a transcriptionally regulated apoptotic inhibitor. Genes Dev. 17:2003;1841-1854
73. Frank S.R., Schroeder M., Fernandez P., Taubert S., Amati B. Binding of c-Myc to chromatin mediates mitogen-induced acetylation of histone H4 and gene activation. Genes Dev. 15:2001;2069-2082
74. Frank S.R., Parisi T., Taubert S., Fernandez P., Fuchs M., Chan H.M., Livingston D.M., Amati B. MYC recruits the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex to chromatin. EMBO Rep. 4:2003;575-580
75. 1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:1988;1614-1624
76. Freytag S.O., Dang C.V., Lee W.M. Definition of the activities and properties of c-myc required to inhibit cell differentiation. Cell Growth Differ. 1:1990;339-343
77. Fridman J.S., Hernando E., Hemann M.T., de Stanchina E., Cordon-Cardo C., Lowe S.W. Tumor promotion by Mdm2 splice variants unable to bind p53. Cancer Res. 63:2003;5703-5706
78. Galaktionov K., Chen X., Beach D. Cdc25 cell-cycle phosphatase as a target of c-Myc. Nature. 382:1996;511-517
79. Gomez-Roman N., Grandori C., Eisenman R.N., White R.J. Direct activation of RNA polymerase III transcription by c-Myc. Nature. 421:2003;290-294
80. Grandori C., Cowley S.M., James L.P., Eisenman R.N. The MycMaxMad network and the transcriptional control of cell behavior. Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. 16:2000;653-699
81. Greasley P.J., Bonnard C., Amati B. Myc induces the nucleolin and BN51 genes: possible implications in ribosome biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 28:2000;446-453
82. Greenberg R.A., O'Hagan R.C., Deng H., Xiao Q., Hann S.R., Adams R.R., Lichtsteiner S., Chin L., Morin G.B., DePinho R.A. Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene is a direct target of c-Myc but is not functionally equivalent in cellular transformation. Oncogene. 18:1999;1219-1226
83. Hassig C.A., Fleischer T.C., Billin A.N., Schreiber S.L., Ayer D.E. Histone deacetylase activity is required for full transcriptional repression by mSin3A. Cell. 89:1997;341-347
84. Hatton K.S., Mahon K., Chin L., Chiu F.C., Lee H.W., Peng D., Morgenbesser S.D., Horner J., DePinho R.A. Expression and activity of L-Myc in normal mouse development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1996;1794-1804
85. Hermeking H., Eick D. Mediation of c-Myc-induced apoptosis by p53. Science. 265:1994;2091-2093
86. Hermeking H., Rago C., Schuhmacher M., Li Q., Barrett J.F., Obaya A.J., O'Connell B.C., Mateyak M.K., Tam W., Kohlhuber F., Dang C.V., Sedivy J.M., Eick D., Vogelstein B., Kinzler K.W. Identification of CDK4 as a target of c-MYC. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97:2000;2229-2234
87. Herold S., Wanzel M., Beuger V., Frohme C., Beul D., Hillukkala T., Syvaoja J., Saluz H.P., Haenel F., Eilers M. Negative regulation of the mammalian UV response by Myc through association with Miz-1. Mol. Cell. 10:2002;509-521
88. Hirvonen H., Makela T.P., Sandberg M., Kalimo H., Vuorio E., Alitalo K. Expression of the myc proto-oncogenes in developing human fetal brain. Oncogene. 5:1990;1787-1797
89. Holzel M., Kohlhuber F., Schlosser I., Holzel D., Luscher B., Eick D. MycMaxMad regulate the frequency but not the duration of productive cell cycles. EMBO Rep. 2:2001;1125-1132
90. Hurlin P.J., Foley K.P., Ayer D.E., Eisenman R.N., Hanahan D., Arbeit J.M. Regulation of Myc and Mad during epidermal differentiation and HPV-associated tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 11:1995;2487-2501
91. Hurlin P.J., Queva C., Eisenman R.N. Mnt, a novel Max-interacting protein is coexpressed with Myc in proliferating cells and mediates repression at Myc binding sites. Genes Dev. 11:1997a;44-58
92. Hurlin P.J., Queva C., Eisenman R.N. Mnt: A novel Max-interacting protein and Myc antagonist. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 224:1997b;115-121
93. Hurlin P.J., Steingrimsson E., Copeland N.G., Jenkins N.A., Eisenman R.N. Mga, a dual-specificity transcription factor that interacts with Max and contains a T-domain DNA-binding motif. EMBO J. 18:1999;7019-7028
94. Hurlin P.J., Zhou Z.Q., Toyo-Oka K., Ota S., Walker W.L., Hirotsune S., Wynshaw-Boris A. Deletion of Mnt leads to disrupted cell cycle control and tumorigenesis. EMBO J. 22:2003;4584-4596
95. Hurlin P.J., Zhou Z.Q., Toyo-Oka K., Ota S., Walker W.L., Hirotsune S., Wynshaw-Boris A. Evidence of mnt-myc antagonism revealed by mnt gene deletion. Cell Cycle. 3:2004;97-99
96. Hutchinson J.N., Muller W.J. Transgenic mouse models of human breast cancer. Oncogene. 19:2000;6130-6137
97. Inoue K., Roussel M.F., Sherr C.J. Induction of ARF tumor suppressor gene expression and cell cycle arrest by transcription factor DMP1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:1999;3993-3998
98. Inoue K., Wen R., Rehg J.E., Adachi M., Cleveland J.L., Roussel M.F., Sherr C.J. Disruption of the ARF transcriptional activator DMP1 facilitates cell immortalization, Ras transformation, and tumorigenesis. Genes Dev. 14:2000;1797-1809
99. Inoue K., Zindy F., Randle D.H., Rehg J.E., Sherr C.J. Dmp1 is haplo-insufficient for tumor suppression and modifies the frequencies of Arf and p53 mutations in Myc-induced lymphomas. Genes Dev. 15:2001;2934-2939
100. Iritani B.M., Eisenman R.N. c-Myc enhances protein synthesis and cell size during B lymphocyte development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:1999;13180-13185
101. Iritani B.M., Delrow J., Grandori C., Gomez I., Klacking M., Carlos L.S., Eisenman R.N. Modulation of T-lymphocyte development, growth and cell size by the Myc antagonist and transcriptional repressor Mad1. EMBO J. 21:2002;4820-4830
102. Jacobs J.J., Scheijen B., Voncken J.W., Kieboom K., Berns A., van Lohuizen M. Bmi-1 collaborates with c-Myc in tumorigenesis by inhibiting c-Myc-induced apoptosis via INK4aARF. Genes Dev. 13:1999;2678-2690
103. ARF) and is amplified in a subset of human breast cancers. Nat. Genet. 26:2000;291-299
104. Jain M., Arvanitis C., Chu K., Dewey W., Leonhardt E., Trinh M., Sundberg C.D., Bishop J.M., Felsher D.W. Sustained loss of a neoplastic phenotype by brief inactivation of MYC. Science. 297:2002;102-104
105. James L., Eisenman R.N. Myc and Mad bHLHZ domains possess identical DNA-binding specificities but only partially overlapping functions in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:2002;10429-10434
106. Johnston L.A., Prober D.A., Edgar B.A., Eisenman R.N., Gallant P. Drosophila myc regulates cellular growth during development. Cell. 98:1999;779-790
107. Jonak G.J., Knight E. Jr. Selective reduction of c-myc mRNA in Daudi cells by human β interferon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:1984;1747-1750
108. Jones R.M., Branda J., Johnston K.A., Polymenis M., Gadd M., Rustgi A., Callanan L., Schmidt E.V. An essential E box in the promoter of the gene encoding the mRNA cap-binding protein (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E) is a target for activation by c-myc. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1996;4754-4764
109. Kanazawa S., Soucek L., Evan G., Okamoto T., Peterlin B.M. c-Myc recruits P-TEFb for transcription, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Oncogene. 22:2003;5707-5711
110. Karlsson A., Deb-Basu D., Cherry A., Turner S., Ford J., Felsher D.W. Defective double-strand DNA break repair and chromosomal translocations by MYC overexpression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100:2003;9974-9979
111. Kato G.J., Barrett J., Villa-Garcia M., Dang C.V. An amino-terminal c-Myc domain required for neoplastic transformation activates transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1990;5914-5920
112. Kato G.J., Lee W.M., Chen L.L., Dang C.V. Max: Functional domains and interaction with c-Myc. Genes Dev. 6:1992;81-92
113. Kim S.Y., Herbst A., Tworkowski K.A., Salghetti S.E., Tansey W.P. Skp2 regulates Myc protein stability and activity. Mol. Cell. 11:2003;1177-1188
114. Knoepfler P.S., Cheng P.F., Eisenman R.N. N-myc is essential during neurogenesis for the rapid expansion of progenitor cell populations and the inhibition of neuronal differentiation. Genes Dev. 16:2002;2699-2712
115. Kretzner L., Blackwood E.M., Eisenman R.N. Myc and Max proteins possess distinct transcriptional activities. Nature. 359:1992;426-429
116. Laherty C.D., Yang W.M., Sun J.M., Davie J.R., Seto E., Eisenman R.N. Histone deacetylases associated with the mSin3 corepressor mediate mad transcriptional repression. Cell. 89:1997;349-356
117. Lahoz E.G., Xu L., Schreiber-Agus N., DePinho R.A. Suppression of Myc, but not E1a, transformation activity by Max-associated proteins, Mad and Mxi1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;5503-5507
118. Land H., Parada L.F., Weinberg R.A. Tumorigenic conversion of primary embryo fibroblasts requires at least two cooperating oncogenes. Nature. 304:1983;596-602
119. Lasorella A., Noseda M., Beyna M., Yokota Y., Iavarone A. Id2 is a retinoblastoma protein target and mediates signalling by Myc oncoproteins. Nature. 407:2000;592-598
120. Leone G., DeGregori J., Sears R., Jakoi L., Nevins J.R. Myc and Ras collaborate in inducing accumulation of active cyclin ECdk2 and E2F. Nature. 387:1997;422-426
121. Leone G., Sears R., Huang E., Rempel R., Nuckolls F., Park C.H., Giangrande P., Wu L., Saavedra H.I., Field S.J., Thompson M.A., Yang H., Fujiwara Y., Greenberg M.E., Orkin S., Smith C., Nevins J.R. Myc requires distinct E2F activities to induce S phase and apoptosis. Mol. Cell. 8:2001;105-113
122. Li L.H., Nerlov C., Prendergast G., MacGregor D., Ziff E.B. c-Myc represses transcription in vivo by a novel mechanism dependent on the initiator element and Myc box II. EMBO J. 13:1994;4070-4079
123. Lilly M., Sandholm J., Cooper J.J., Koskinen P.J., Kraft A. The PIM-1 serine kinase prolongs survival and inhibits apoptosis-related mitochondrial dysfunction in part through a bcl-2-dependent pathway. Oncogene. 18:1999;4022-4031
124. Lindeman G.J., Harris A.W., Bath M.L., Eisenman R.N., Adams J.M. Overexpressed max is not oncogenic and attenuates myc-induced lymphoproliferation and lymphomagenesis in transgenic mice. Oncogene. 10:1995;1013-1017
125. Lingbeek M.E., Jacobs J.J., van Lohuizen M. The T-box repressors TBX2 and TBX3 specifically regulate the tumor suppressor gene p14ARF via a variant T-site in the initiator. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;26120-26127
126. Liscia D.S., Venesio T., Diella F., Bernardi A., Cappa A.P., Callahan R., Merlo G.R. A locus on chromosome 17p13.3, associated with a high S-phase index is distinct from the p53 gene in breast cancer. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 698:1993;120-125
127. Littlewood T.D., Hancock D.C., Danielian P.S., Parker M.G., Evan G.I. A modified oestrogen receptor ligand-binding domain as an improved switch for the regulation of heterologous proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:1995;1686-1690
128. Lowe S.W., Sherr C.J. Tumor suppression by Ink4a-Arf: Progress and puzzles. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 13:2003;77-83
129. Lundberg A.S., Hahn W.C., Gupta P., Weinberg R.A. Genes involved in senescence and immortalization. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 12:2000;705-709
130. Luscher B. Function and regulation of the transcription factors of the MycMaxMad network. Gene. 277:2001;1-14
131. Luscher B., Eisenman R.N. New light on Myc and Myb. I. Myc. Genes Dev. 4:1990a;2025-2035
132. Luscher B., Eisenman R.N. New light on Myc and Myb. II. Myb. Genes Dev. 4:1990b;2235-2241
133. L. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:2003;7256-7270
134. Maestro R., Dei Tos A.P., Hamamori Y., Krasnokutsky S., Sartorelli V., Kedes L., Doglioni C., Beach D.H., Hannon G.J. Twist is a potential oncogene that inhibits apoptosis. Genes Dev. 13:1999;2207-2217
135. Mai S., Fluri M., Siwarski D., Huppi K. Genomic instability in MycER-activated Rat1A-MycER cells. Chromosome Res. 4:1996;365-371
136. Makela T.P., Koskinen P.J., Vastrik I., Alitalo K. Alternative forms of Max as enhancers or suppressors of Myc-ras cotransformation. Science. 256:1992a;373-377
137. Makela T.P., Saksela K., Alitalo K. Amplification and rearrangement of L-myc in human small-cell lung cancer. Mutat. Res. 276:1992b;307-315
138. Malynn B.A., de Alboran I.M., O'Hagan R.C., Bronson R., Davidson L., DePinho R.A., Alt F.W. N-myc can functionally replace c-myc in murine development, cellular growth, and differentiation. Genes Dev. 14:2000;1390-1399
139. Mao D.Y., Watson J.D., Yan P.S., Barsyte-Lovejoy D., Khosravi F., Wong W.W., Farnham P.J., Huang T.H., Penn L.Z. Analysis of Myc bound loci identified by CpG island arrays shows that Max is essential for Myc-dependent repression. Curr. Biol. 13:2003;882-886
140. Marcu K.B., Bossone S.A., Patel A.J. myc function and regulation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61:1992;809-860
141. Maruyama K., Schiavi S.C., Huse W., Johnson G.L., Ruley H.E. myc and E1A oncogenes alter the responses of PC12 cells to nerve growth factor and block differentiation. Oncogene. 1:1987;361-367
142. Mateyak M.K., Obaya A.J., Adachi S., Sedivy J.M. Phenotypes of c-Myc-deficient rat fibroblasts isolated by targeted homologous recombination. Cell Growth Differ. 8:1997;1039-1048
143. Mateyak M.K., Obaya A.J., Sedivy J.M. c-Myc regulates cyclin D-Cdk4 and -Cdk6 activity but affects cell cycle progression at multiple independent points. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:1999;4672-4683
144. Mayo M.W., Wang C.Y., Cogswell P.C., Rogers-Graham K.S., Lowe S.W., Der C.J., Baldwin A.S. Jr. Requirement of NF-κB activation to suppress p53-independent apoptosis induced by oncogenic Ras. Science. 278:1997;1812-1815
145. McArthur G.A., Foley K.P., Fero M.L., Walkley C.R., Deans A.J., Roberts J.M., Eisenman R.N. MAD1 and p27(KIP1) cooperate to promote terminal differentiation of granulocytes and to inhibit Myc expression and cyclin E-CDK2 activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:2002;3014-3023
146. McMahon S.B., Van Buskirk H.A., Dugan K.A., Copeland T.D., Cole M.D. The novel ATM-related protein TRRAP is an essential cofactor for the c-Myc and E2F oncoproteins. Cell. 94:1998;363-374
147. McMahon S.B., Wood M.A., Cole M.D. The essential cofactor TRRAP recruits the histone acetyltransferase hGCN5 to c-Myc. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:2000;556-562
148. Menssen A., Hermeking H. Characterization of the c-MYC-regulated transcriptome by SAGE: Identification and analysis of c-MYC target genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:2002;6274-6279
149. Meroni G., Reymond A., Alcalay M., Borsani G., Tanigami A., Tonlorenzi R., Nigro C.L., Messali S., Zollo M., Ledbetter D.H., Brent R., Ballabio A., Carrozzo R. Rox, a novel bHLHZip protein expressed in quiescent cells that heterodimerizes with Max, binds a non-canonical E box and acts as a transcriptional repressor. EMBO J. 16:1997;2892-2906
150. Meroni G., Cairo S., Merla G., Messali S., Brent R., Ballabio A., Reymond A. Mlx, a new Max-like bHLHZip family member: The center stage of a novel transcription factors regulatory pathway? Oncogene. 19:2000;3266-3277
151. Mladenov Z., Heine U., Beard D., Beard J.W. Strain MC29 avian leukosis virus - myelocytoma, endothelioma, and renal growths: Pathomorphological and ultrastructural aspects. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 38:1967;251-285
152. Moens C.B., Stanton B.R., Parada L.F., Rossant J. Defects in heart and lung development in compound heterozygotes for two different targeted mutations at the N-myc locus. Development. 119:1993;485-499
153. Moynahan M.E. The cancer connection: BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppression in mice and humans. Oncogene. 21:2002;8994-9007
154. Mugrauer G., Alt F.W., Ekblom P. N-myc proto-oncogene expression during organogenesis in the developing mouse as revealed by in situ hybridization. J. Cell Biol. 107:1988;1325-1335
155. Muller D., Bouchard C., Rudolph B., Steiner P., Stuckmann I., Saffrich R., Ansorge W., Huttner W., Eilers M. Cdk2-dependent phosphorylation of p27 facilitates its Myc-induced release from cyclin Ecdk2 complexes. Oncogene. 15:1997;2561-2576
156. Murre C., McCaw P.S., Baltimore D. A new DNA binding and dimerization motif in immunoglobulin enhancer binding, daughterless, MyoD, and Myc proteins. Cell. 56:1989;777-783
157. Nair S.K., Burley S.K. X-ray structures of Myc-Max and Mad-Max recognizing DNA: Molecular bases of regulation by proto-oncogenic transcription factors. Cell. 112:(2):2003;193-205
158. Narlikar G.J., Fan H.Y., Kingston R.E. Cooperation between complexes that regulate chromatin structure and transcription. Cell. 108:2002;475-487
159. Ngo C.V., Gee M., Akhtar N., Yu D., Volpert O., Auerbach R., Thomas-Tikhonenko A. An in vivo function for the transforming Myc protein: Elicitation of the angiogenic phenotype. Cell Growth Differ. 11:2000;201-210
160. Nigro C.L., Venesio T., Reymond A., Meroni G., Alberici P., Cainarca S., Enrico F., Stack M., Ledbetter D.H., Liscia D.S., Ballabio A., Carrozzo R. The human ROX gene: Genomic structure and mutation analysis in human breast tumors. Genomics. 49:1998;275-282
161. Nikiforov M.A., Kotenko I., Petrenko O., Beavis A., Valenick L., Lemischka I., Cole M.D. Complementation of Myc-dependent cell proliferation by cDNA expression library screening. Oncogene. 19:2000;4828-4831
162. Nikiforov M.A., Chandriani S., Park J., Kotenko I., Matheos D., Johnsson A., McMahon S.B., Cole M.D. TRRAP-dependent and TRRAP-independent transcriptional activation by Myc family oncoproteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:2002;5054-5063
163. Nikiforov M.A., Popov N., Kotenko I., Henriksson M., Cole M.D. The Mad and Myc basic domains are functionally equivalent. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;11094-11099
164. Nilsson J.A., Cleveland J.L. Myc pathways provoking cell suicide and cancer. Oncogene. 22:2003;9007-9021
165. Nilsson J.A., Maclean K.H., Keller U.B., Pendeville H., Baudino T.A., Cleveland J.L. Mnt loss triggers Myc transcription targets, proliferation, apoptosis, and transformation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:2004;1560-1569
166. Nutt S.L., Morrison A.M., Dorfler P., Rolink A., Busslinger M. Identification of BSAP (Pax-5) target genes in early B-cell development by loss- and gain-of-function experiments. EMBO J. 17:1998;2319-2333
167. 0 cells. Science. 296:2002;1132-1136
168. O'Hagan R.C., Schreiber-Agus N., Chen K., David G., Engelman J.A., Schwab R., Alland L., Thomson C., Ronning D.R., Sacchettini J.C., Meltzer P., DePinho R.A. Gene-target recognition among members of the Myc superfamily and implications for oncogenesis. Nat. Genet. 24:2000;113-119
169. Orian A., van Steensel B., Delrow J., Bussemaker H.J., Li L., Sawado T., Williams E., Loo L.W., Cowley S.M., Yost C., Pierce S., Edgar B.A., Parkhurst S.M., Eisenman R.N. Genomic binding by the Drosophila Myc, Max, MadMnt transcription factor network. Genes Dev. 17:2003;1101-1114
170. Park J., Kunjibettu S., McMahon S.B., Cole M.D. The ATM-related domain of TRRAP is required for histone acetyltransferase recruitment and Myc-dependent oncogenesis. Genes Dev. 15:2001;1619-1624
171. Pelengaris S., Littlewood T., Khan M., Elia G., Evan G. Reversible
172. Pelengaris S., Rudolph B., Littlewood T. Action of Myc in vivo: Proliferation and apoptosis. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 10:2000;100-105
173. Pelengaris S., Khan M., Evan G. c-MYC: More than just a matter of life and death. Natl. Rev. Cancer. 2:2002a;764-776
174. Pelengaris S., Khan M., Evan G.I. Suppression of Myc-induced apoptosis in beta cells exposes multiple oncogenic properties of Myc and triggers carcinogenic progression. Cell. 109:2002b;321-334
175. Kip1 binding to newly formed complexes. Oncogene. 14:1997;2373-2381
176. Cip1. EMBO J. 18:1999;5310-5320
177. 1 suppression of c-myc gene transcription: Role in inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:1990;3758-3762
178. Prendergast G.C., Lawe D., Ziff E.B. Association of Myn, the murine homolog of max, with c-Myc stimulates methylation-sensitive DNA binding and ras cotransformation. Cell. 65:1991;395-407
179. Prochownik E.V., Kukowska J. Deregulated expression of c-myc by murine erythroleukaemia cells prevents differentiation. Nature. 322:1986;848-850
180. Pulverer B., Sommer A., McArthur G.A., Eisenman R.N., Luscher B. Analysis of MycMaxMad network members in adipogenesis: Inhibition of the proliferative burst and differentiation by ectopically expressed Mad1. J. Cell Physiol. 183:2000;399-410
181. Queva C., Hurlin P.J., Foley K.P., Eisenman R.N. Sequential expression of the MAD family of transcriptional repressors during differentiation and development. Oncogene. 16:1998;967-977
182. Queva C., McArthur G.A., Ramos L.S., Eisenman R.N. Dwarfism and dysregulated proliferation in mice overexpressing the MYC antagonist MAD1. Cell Growth Differ. 10:1999;785-796
183. Queva C., McArthur G.A., Iritani B.M., Eisenman R.N. Targeted deletion of the S-phase-specific Myc antagonist Mad3 sensitizes neuronal and lymphoid cells to radiation-induced apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:2001;703-712
184. Rapp U.R., Cleveland J.L., Brightman K., Scott A., Ihle J.N. Abrogation of IL-3 and IL-2 dependence by recombinant murine retroviruses expressing v-myc oncogenes. Nature. 317:1985;434-438
185. Raveh T., Droguett G., Horwitz M.S., DePinho R.A., Kimchi A. DAP kinase activates a p19ARFp53-mediated apoptotic checkpoint to suppress oncogenic transformation. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:2001;1-7
186. Resnitzky D., Yarden A., Zipori D., Kimchi A. Autocrine β-related interferon controls c-myc suppression and growth arrest during hematopoietic cell differentiation. Cell. 46:1986;31-40
187. Roussel M.F., Ashmun R.A., Sherr C.J., Eisenman R.N., Ayer D.E. Inhibition of cell proliferation by the Mad1 transcriptional repressor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1996;2796-2801
188. Ruddell A., Mezquita P., Brandvold K.A., Farr A., Iritani B.M. B lymphocyte-specific c-Myc expression stimulates early and functional expansion of the vasculature and lymphatics during lymphomagenesis. Am. J. Pathol. 163:2003;2233-2245
189. Rudolph B., Saffrich R., Zwicker J., Henglein B., Muller R., Ansorge W., Eilers M. Activation of cyclin-dependent kinases by Myc mediates induction of cyclin A, but not apoptosis. EMBO J. 15:1996;3065-3076
190. Rudolph B., Hueber A.O., Evan G.I. Expression of Mad1 in T cells leads to reduced thymic cellularity and impaired mitogen-induced proliferation. Oncogene. 20:2001;1164-1175
191. Russell J.L., Powers J.T., Rounbehler R.J., Rogers P.M., Conti C.J., Johnson D.G. ARF differentially modulates apoptosis induced by E2F1 and Myc. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:2002;1360-1368
192. 1S-promoting mechanism parallel to the pRbE2F pathway. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:2000;3497-3509
193. Saucedo L.J., Edgar B.A. Why size matters: Altering cell size. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 12:2002;565-571
194. Sawai S., Shimono A., Hanaoka K., Kondoh H. Embryonic lethality resulting from disruption of both N-myc alleles in mouse zygotes. New Biol. 3:1991;861-869
195. Sawai S., Shimono A., Wakamatsu Y., Palmes C., Hanaoka K., Kondoh H. Defects of embryonic organogenesis resulting from targeted disruption of the N-myc gene in the mouse. Development. 117:1993;1445-1455
196. Schmitt C.A., McCurrach M.E., de Stanchina E., Wallace-Brodeur R.R., Lowe S.W. INK4aARF mutations accelerate lymphomagenesis and promote chemoresistance by disabling p53. Genes Dev. 13:1999;2670-2677
197. Schreiber-Agus N., Chin L., Chen K., Torres R., Rao G., Guida P., Skoultchi A.I., DePinho R.A. An amino-terminal domain of Mxi1 mediates anti-Myc oncogenic activity and interacts with a homolog of the yeast transcriptional repressor SIN3. Cell. 80:1995;777-786
198. Schreiber-Agus N., Meng Y., Hoang T., Hou H. Jr., Chen K., Greenberg R., Cordon-Cardo C., Lee H.W., DePinho R.A. Role of Mxi1 in ageing organ systems and the regulation of normal and neoplastic growth. Nature. 393:1998;483-487
199. Schuhmacher M., Staege M.S., Pajic A., Polack A., Weidle U.H., Bornkamm G.W., Eick D., Kohlhuber F. Control of cell growth by c-Myc in the absence of cell division. Curr. Biol. 9:1999;1255-1258
200. Schuhmacher M., Kohlhuber F., Holzel M., Kaiser C., Burtscher H., Jarsch M., Bornkamm G.W., Laux G., Polack A., Weidle U.H., Eick D. The transcriptional program of a human B cell line in response to Myc. Nucleic Acids Res. 29:2001;397-406
201. Sears R., Ohtani K., Nevins J.R. Identification of positively and negatively acting elements regulating expression of the E2F2 gene in response to cell growth signals. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1997;5227-5235
202. Sears R., Leone G., DeGregori J., Nevins J.R. Ras enhances Myc protein stability. Mol. Cell. 3:1999;169-179
203. Sears R., Nuckolls F., Haura E., Taya Y., Tamai K., Nevins J.R. Multiple Ras-dependent phosphorylation pathways regulate Myc protein stability. Genes Dev. 14:2000;2501-2514
204. Seoane J., Pouponnot C., Staller P., Schader M., Eilers M., Massague J. TGFβ influences Myc, Miz-1 and Smad to control the CDK inhibitor p15INK4b. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:2001;400-408
205. Cip1 Cdk inhibitor influences the outcome of the p53 response to DNA damage. Nature. 419:2002;729-734
206. Seoane J., Aguirre-Urizar J.M., Esparza-Gomez G., Suarez-Cunqueiro M., Campos-Trapero J., Pomareda M. The spectrum of plasma cell neoplasia in oral pathology. Med. Oral. 8:2003;269-280
207. Serrano M., Lin A.W., McCurrach M.E., Beach D., Lowe S.W. Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a. Cell. 88:1997;593-602
208. Sheiness D., Bishop J.M. DNA and RNA from uninfected vertebrate cells contain nucleotide sequences related to the putative transforming gene of avian myelocytomatosis virus. J. Virol. 31:1979;514-521
209. Sheiness D., Fanshier L., Bishop J.M. Identification of nucleotide sequences which may encode the oncogenic capacity of avian retrovirus MC29. J. Virol. 28:1978;600-610
210. Shen-Li H., O'Hagan R.C., Hou H. Jr., Horner J.W. II, Lee H.W., DePinho R.A. Essential role for Max in early embryonic growth and development. Genes Dev. 14:2000;17-22
211. Sherr C.J. The INK4aARF network in tumour suppression. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2:2001;731-737
212. 1-phase progression. Genes Dev. 13:1999;1501-1512
213. Shiio Y., Donohoe S., Yi E.C., Goodlett D.R., Aebersold R., Eisenman R.N. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Myc oncoprotein function. EMBO J. 21:2002;5088-5096
214. Shiio Y., Eisenman R.N., Yi E.C., Donohoe S., Goodlett D.R., Aebersold R. Quantitative proteomic analysis of chromatin-associated factors. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 14:2003;696-703
215. Shim H., Dolde C., Lewis B.C., Wu C.S., Dang G., Jungmann R.A., Dalla-Favera R., Dang C.V. c-Myc transactivation of LDH-A: Implications for tumor metabolism and growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:1997;6658-6663
216. Showell C., Binder O., Conlon F.L. T-box genes in early embryogenesis. Dev. Dyn. 229:2004;201-218
217. Sinn E., Muller W., Pattengale P., Tepler I., Wallace R., Leder P. Coexpression of MMTVv-Ha-ras and MMTVc-myc genes in transgenic mice: Synergistic action of oncogenes in vivo. Cell. 49:1987;465-475
218. Smith M.J., Charron-Prochownik D.C., Prochownik E.V. The leucine zipper of c-Myc is required for full inhibition of erythroleukemia differentiation. Mol. Cell Biol. 10:1990;5333-5339
219. Sommer A., Hilfenhaus S., Menkel A., Kremmer E., Seiser C., Loidl P., Luscher B. Cell growth inhibition by the MadMax complex through recruitment of histone deacetylase activity. Curr. Biol. 7:1997;357-365
220. Sommer A., Bousset K., Kremmer E., Austen M., Luscher B. Identification and characterization of specific DNA-binding complexes containing members of the MycMaxMad network of transcriptional regulators. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;6632-6642
221. Sommer A., Waha A., Tonn J., Sorensen N., Hurlin P.J., Eisenman R.N., Luscher B., Pietsch T. Analysis of the Max-binding protein MNT in human medulloblastomas. Int. J. Cancer. 82:1999;810-816
222. Sorrentino V., Drozdoff V., McKinney M.D., Zeitz L., Fleissner E. Potentiation of growth factor activity by exogenous c-myc expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;8167-8171
223. Soucek L., Evan G. Myc: Is this the oncogene from hell? Cancer Cell. 1:2002;406-408
224. Staller P., Peukert K., Kiermaier A., Seoane J., Lukas J., Karsunky H., Moroy T., Bartek J., Massague J., Hanel F., Eilers M. Repression of p15ink4b expression by Myc through association with Miz-1. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:2001;392-399
225. Stanton B.R., Perkins A.S., Tessarollo L., Sassoon D.A., Parada L.F. Loss of N-myc function results in embryonic lethality and failure of the epithelial component of the embryo to develop. Genes Dev. 6:1992;2235-2247
226. 1 cyclin-cdk complexes. EMBO J. 14:1995;4814-4826
227. Strasser A., Harris A.W., Bath M.L., Cory S. Novel primitive lymphoid tumours induced in transgenic mice by cooperation between myc and bcl-2. Nature. 348:1990;331-333
228. Takahashi T., Konishi H., Kozaki K., Osada H., Saji S. Molecular analysis of a Myc antagonist, ROXMnt, at 17p13.3 in human lung cancers. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 89:1998;347-351
229. Tanaka H., Matsumura I., Ezoe S., Satoh Y., Sakamaki T., Albanese C., Machii T., Pestell R.G., Kanakura Y. E2F1 and c-Myc potentiate apoptosis through inhibition of NF-κ-B activity that facilitates MnSOD-mediated ROS elimination. Mol. Cell. 9:2002;1017-1029
230. Tikhonenko A.T., Black D.J., Linial M.L. Viral Myc oncoproteins in infected fibroblasts down-modulate thrombospondin-1, a possible tumor suppressor gene. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;30741-30747
231. Toyo-oka K., Hirotsune S., Gambello M.J., Zhou Z.-Q., Olson L., Rosenfeld M.G., Eisenman R., Hurlin P., Wynshaw-Boris A. Loss of the Max-interacting protein Mnt in mice results in decreased viability, defective embryonic growth and craniofacial defects: Relevance to Miller-Dieker syndrome. Hum. Mol. Genet. 13:2004;1057-1067
232. Trimarchi J.M., Lees J.A. Sibling rivalry in the E2F family. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3:2002;11-20
233. Trumpp A., Refaeli Y., Oskarsson T., Gasser S., Murphy M., Martin G.R., Bishop J.M. c-Myc regulates mammalian body size by controlling cell number but not cell size. Nature. 414:2001;768-773
234. Tsuneoka M., Mekada E. RasMEK signaling suppresses Myc-dependent apoptosis in cells transformed by c-myc and activated ras. Oncogene. 19:2000;115-123
235. Vafa O., Wade M., Kern S., Beeche M., Pandita T.K., Hampton G.M., Wahl G.M. c-Myc can induce DNA damage, increase reactive oxygen species, and mitigate p53 function: A mechanism for oncogene-induced genetic instability. Mol. Cell. 9:2002;1031-1044
236. van de Wetering M., Sancho E., Verweij C., de Lau W., Oving I., Hurlstone A., van der Horn K., Batlle E., Coudreuse D., Haramis A.P., Tjon-Pon-Fong M., Moerer P., van den Born M., Soete G., Pals S., Eilers M., Medema R., Clevers H. The β-cateninTCF-4 complex imposes a crypt progenitor phenotype on colorectal cancer cells. Cell. 111:2002;241-250
237. Vervoorts J., Luscher-Firzlaff J.M., Rottmann S., Lilischkis R., Walsemann G., Dohmann K., Austen M., Luscher B. Stimulation of c-MYC transcriptional activity and acetylation by recruitment of the cofactor CBP. EMBO Rep. 4:2003;484-490
238. von der Lehr N., Johansson S., Wu S., Bahram F., Castell A., Cetinkaya C., Hydbring P., Weidung I., Nakayama K., Nakayama K.I., Soderberg O., Kerppola T.K., Larsson L.G. The F-box protein Skp2 participates in c-Myc proteosomal degradation and acts as a cofactor for c-Myc-regulated transcription. Mol. Cell. 11:2003;1189-1200
239. Wagner A.J., Kokontis J.M., Hay N. Myc-mediated apoptosis requires wild-type p53 in a manner independent of cell cycle arrest and the ability of p53 to induce p21 waf1cip1. Genes Dev. 8:1994;2817-2830
240. Wagner K.U., Wall R.J., St-Onge L., Gruss P., Wynshaw-Boris A., Garrett L., Li M., Furth P.A., Hennighausen L. Cre-mediated gene deletion in the mammary gland. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:1997;4323-4330
241. Wanzel M., Herold S., Eilers M. Transcriptional repression by Myc. Trends Cell Biol. 13:2003;146-150
242. Watnick R.S., Cheng Y.N., Rangarajan A., Ince T.A., Weinberg R.A. Ras modulates Myc activity to repress thrombospondin-1 expression and increase tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Cell. 3:2003;219-231
243. Wood M.A., McMahon S.B., Cole M.D. An ATPasehelicase complex is an essential cofactor for oncogenic transformation by c-Myc. Mol. Cell. 5:2000;321-330
244. Wu K.J., Grandori C., Amacker M., Simon-Vermot N., Polack A., Lingner J., Dalla-Favera R. Direct activation of TERT transcription by c-MYC. Nat. Genet. 21:1999;220-224
245. Wu S., Cetinkaya C., Munoz-Alonso M.J., von der Lehr N., Bahram F., Beuger V., Eilers M., Leon J., Larsson L.G. Myc represses differentiation- induced p21CIP1 expression via Miz-1-dependent interaction with the p21 core promoter. Oncogene. 22:2003;351-360
246. Xu D., Popov N., Hou M., Wang Q., Bjorkholm M., Gruber A., Menkel A.R., Henriksson M. Switch from MycMax to Mad1Max binding and decrease in histone acetylation at the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter during differentiation of HL60 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:2001;3826-3831
247. Yan B., Zemskova M., Holder S., Chin V., Kraft A.S., Koskinen P.J., Lilly M.B. The PIM-2 kinase phosphorylates BAD on serine-112 and reverses BAD-induced cell death. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;45358-45367
248. Kip1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene by c-Myc. Oncogene. 20:2001;1688-1702
249. Zervos A.S., Gyuris J., Brent R. Mxi1, a protein that specifically interacts with Max to bind Myc-Max recognition sites. Cell. 79:1994;. following 388.
250. Zhou Z.Q., Hurlin P.J. The interplay between Mad and Myc in proliferation and differentiation. Trends Cell Biol. 11:2001;S10-S14
251. Zimmerman K.A., Yancopoulos G.D., Collum R.G., Smith R.K., Kohl N.E., Denis K.A., Nau M.M., Witte O.N., Toran-Allerand D., Gee C.E., et al. Differential expression of myc family genes during murine development. Nature. 319:1986;780-783
252. Zindy F., Eischen C.M., Randle D.H., Kamijo T., Cleveland J.L., Sherr C.J., Roussel M.F. Myc signaling via the ARF tumor suppressor regulates p53-dependent apoptosis and immortalization. Genes Dev. 12:1998;2424-2433