메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 411-429

The Hedgehog signaling pathway - Implications for drug targets in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders

Author keywords

Cancer; Cyclopamine; Development; Diabetic neuropathy; Hedgehog signaling pathway; Neurodegenerative disorders; Parkinson's disease; Stem cells

Indexed keywords

CYCLOPAMINE; GLIAL CELL LINE DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; HYBRID PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; LEVODOPA; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; POLYPEPTIDE; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0037769109     PISSN: 14622416     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/phgs.4.4.411.22751     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (20)

References (176)
  • 1
    • 0019133661 scopus 로고
    • Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila
    • Nüsslein-Volhard C, Wieschaus E: Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila. Nature 287, 795-801 (1980).
    • (1980) Nature , vol.287 , pp. 795-801
    • Nüsslein-Volhard, C.1    Wieschaus, E.2
  • 2
    • 0027096741 scopus 로고
    • The Drosophila Hedgehog gene is expressed specifically in posterior compartment cells and is a target of engrailed regulation
    • Tabata T, Eaton S, Kornberg TB: The Drosophila Hedgehog gene is expressed specifically in posterior compartment cells and is a target of engrailed regulation. Genes Dev. 6, 2635-2645 (1992).
    • (1992) Genes Dev. , vol.6 , pp. 2635-2645
    • Tabata, T.1    Eaton, S.2    Kornberg, T.B.3
  • 3
    • 0027474898 scopus 로고
    • Structure and expression of Hedgehog, a Drosophila segment-polarity gene required for cell-cell communication
    • Tashiro S, Michiue T, Higashijima S et al.: Structure and expression of Hedgehog, a Drosophila segment-polarity gene required for cell-cell communication. Gene 124, 183-189 (1993).
    • (1993) Gene , vol.124 , pp. 183-189
    • Tashiro, S.1    Michiue, T.2    Higashijima, S.3
  • 4
    • 0026783674 scopus 로고
    • Secretion and localized transcription suggest a role in positional signaling for products of the segmentation gene Hedgehog
    • Lee JJ, von Kessler DP, Parks S et al.: Secretion and localized transcription suggest a role in positional signaling for products of the segmentation gene Hedgehog. Cell 71, 33-50 (1992).
    • (1992) Cell , vol.71 , pp. 33-50
    • Lee, J.J.1    von Kessler, D.P.2    Parks, S.3
  • 5
    • 0026474841 scopus 로고
    • Molecular organization and embryonic expression of the Hedgehog gene involved in cell-cell communication in segmental patterning of Drosophila
    • Mohler J, Vani K: Molecular organization and embryonic expression of the Hedgehog gene involved in cell-cell communication in segmental patterning of Drosophila. Development 115, 957-971 (1992).
    • (1992) Development , vol.115 , pp. 957-971
    • Mohler, J.1    Vani, K.2
  • 6
    • 0028966517 scopus 로고
    • Proteolytic processing yields two secreted forms of sonic Hedgehog
    • Bumcrot DA, Takada R, McMahon AP: Proteolytic processing yields two secreted forms of sonic Hedgehog. Mol. Cell Biol. 15, 2294-2303 (1995).
    • (1995) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 2294-2303
    • Bumcrot, D.A.1    Takada, R.2    McMahon, A.P.3
  • 7
    • 0028641336 scopus 로고
    • Autoproteolysis in Hedgehog protein biogenesis
    • Lee JJ, Ekker SC, von Kessler DP et al.: Autoproteolysis in Hedgehog protein biogenesis. Science 266, 1528-1537 (1994).
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 1528-1537
    • Lee, J.J.1    Ekker, S.C.2    von Kessler, D.P.3
  • 8
    • 0029844192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol modification of Hedgehog signaling proteins in animal development
    • Porter JA, Young KE, Beachy PA: Cholesterol modification of Hedgehog signaling proteins in animal development. Science 274, 255-259 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 255-259
    • Porter, J.A.1    Young, K.E.2    Beachy, P.A.3
  • 9
    • 15444359695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a palmitic acid-modified form of human Sonic Hedgehog
    • Pepinsky RB, Zeng C, Wen D et al.: Identification of a palmitic acid-modified form of human Sonic Hedgehog. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 14037-14045 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 14037-14045
    • Pepinsky, R.B.1    Zeng, C.2    Wen, D.3
  • 10
    • 0033598964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispatched, a novel sterol-sensing domain protein dedicated to the release of cholesterol-modified Hedgehog from signaling cells
    • Burke R, Nellen D, Bellotto M et al.: Dispatched, a novel sterol-sensing domain protein dedicated to the release of cholesterol-modified Hedgehog from signaling cells. Cell 99, 803-815 (1999).
    • (1999) Cell , vol.99 , pp. 803-815
    • Burke, R.1    Nellen, D.2    Bellotto, M.3
  • 11
    • 0034964445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Hedgehog-insensitive form of patched provides evidence for direct long-range morphogen activity of sonic Hedgehog in the neural tube
    • Briscoe J, Chen Y, Jessell TM et al.: A Hedgehog-insensitive form of patched provides evidence for direct long-range morphogen activity of sonic Hedgehog in the neural tube. Mol. Cell 7, 1279-1291 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Cell , vol.7 , pp. 1279-1291
    • Briscoe, J.1    Chen, Y.2    Jessell, T.M.3
  • 12
    • 0033993990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seven-transmembrane receptor smoothened cell-autonomously induces multiple ventral cell types
    • Hynes M, Ye W, Wang K et al.: The seven-transmembrane receptor smoothened cell-autonomously induces multiple ventral cell types. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 41-46 (2000).
    • (2000) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 41-46
    • Hynes, M.1    Ye, W.2    Wang, K.3
  • 13
    • 0037111827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A direct requirement for Hedgehog signaling for normal specification of all ventral progenitor domains in the presumptive mammalian spinal cord
    • Wijgerde M, McMahon JA, Rule M et al.: A direct requirement for Hedgehog signaling for normal specification of all ventral progenitor domains in the presumptive mammalian spinal cord. Genes Dev. 16, 2849-2864 (2002).
    • (2002) Genes Dev. , vol.16 , pp. 2849-2864
    • Wijgerde, M.1    McMahon, J.A.2    Rule, M.3
  • 14
    • 0035252990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specification of neuronal fates in the ventral neural tube
    • Briscoe J, Ericson J: Specification of neuronal fates in the ventral neural tube. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 11, 43-49 (2001).
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.11 , pp. 43-49
    • Briscoe, J.1    Ericson, J.2
  • 15
    • 0037306472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern formation: Old models out on a limb
    • Niswander L: Pattern formation: old models out on a limb. Nat. Rev. Genet. 4, 133-143 (2003).
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.4 , pp. 133-143
    • Niswander, L.1
  • 16
    • 0037125938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse Dispatched homolog1 is required for long-range but not juxtacrine, Hh signaling
    • Caspary T, Garcia-Garcia MJ, Huangfu D et al.: Mouse Dispatched homolog1 is required for long-range but not juxtacrine, Hh signaling. Curr. Biol. 12, 1628-1632 (2002).
    • (2002) Curr. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 1628-1632
    • Caspary, T.1    Garcia-Garcia, M.J.2    Huangfu, D.3
  • 17
    • 0037020216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog-mediated patterning of the mammalian embryo requires transporter-like function of dispatched
    • Ma Y, Erkner A, Gong R et al.: Hedgehog-mediated patterning of the mammalian embryo requires transporter-like function of dispatched. Cell 111, 63-75 (2002).
    • (2002) Cell , vol.111 , pp. 63-75
    • Ma, Y.1    Erkner, A.2    Gong, R.3
  • 18
    • 0036922902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse dispatched mutants fail to distribute Hedgehog proteins and are defective in Hedgehog signaling
    • Kawakami T, Kawcak T, Li YJ et al.: Mouse dispatched mutants fail to distribute Hedgehog proteins and are defective in Hedgehog signaling. Development 129, 5753-5765 (2002).
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 5753-5765
    • Kawakami, T.1    Kawcak, T.2    Li, Y.J.3
  • 19
    • 0036534286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sterol-sensing domain: Multiple families, a unique role?
    • Kuwabara PE, Labouesse M: The sterol-sensing domain: multiple families, a unique role? Trends Genet. 18, 193-201 (2002).
    • (2002) Trends Genet. , vol.18 , pp. 193-201
    • Kuwabara, P.E.1    Labouesse, M.2
  • 20
    • 0032474837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tout-velu is a Drosophila homologue of the putative tumor suppressor EXT-1 and is needed for Hh diffusion
    • Bellaiche Y, The I, Perrimon N: Tout-velu is a Drosophila homologue of the putative tumor suppressor EXT-1 and is needed for Hh diffusion. Nature 394, 85-88 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 85-88
    • Bellaiche, Y.1    The, I.2    Perrimon, N.3
  • 21
    • 0033212987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog movement is regulated through tout velu-dependent synthesis of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan
    • The I, Bellaiche Y, Perrimon N: Hedgehog movement is regulated through tout velu-dependent synthesis of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Mol. Cell 4, 633-639 (1999).
    • (1999) Mol. Cell , vol.4 , pp. 633-639
    • The, I.1    Bellaiche, Y.2    Perrimon, N.3
  • 22
    • 0036341998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar proteoglycans regulate sonic Hedgehog responses during development
    • Rubin JB, Choi Y, Segal RA: Cerebellar proteoglycans regulate sonic Hedgehog responses during development. Development 129, 2223-2232 (2002).
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 2223-2232
    • Rubin, J.B.1    Choi, Y.2    Segal, R.A.3
  • 23
    • 0011102935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tumor-suppressor gene patched encodes a candidate receptor for Sonic Hedgehog
    • Stone DM, Hynes M, Armanini M et al.: The tumor-suppressor gene patched encodes a candidate receptor for Sonic Hedgehog. Nature 384, 129-134 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.384 , pp. 129-134
    • Stone, D.M.1    Hynes, M.2    Armanini, M.3
  • 24
    • 0009603803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonic Hedgehog signaling by the patched-smoothened receptor complex
    • Murone M, Rosenthal A, de Sauvage FJ: Sonic Hedgehog signaling by the patched-smoothened receptor complex. Curr. Biol. 9, 76-84 (1999).
    • (1999) Curr. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 76-84
    • Murone, M.1    Rosenthal, A.2    de Sauvage, F.J.3
  • 25
    • 0037172658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonic Hedgehog induces the segregation of patched and smoothened in endosomes
    • Incardona JP, Gruenberg J, Roelink H: Sonic Hedgehog induces the segregation of patched and smoothened in endosomes. Curr. Biol. 12, 983-995 (2002).
    • (2002) Curr. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 983-995
    • Incardona, J.P.1    Gruenberg, J.2    Roelink, H.3
  • 26
    • 0033636788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo functions of the patched protein: Requirement of the C terminus for target gene inactivation but not Hedgehog sequestration
    • Johnson RL, Milenkovic L, Scott MP: In vivo functions of the patched protein: requirement of the C terminus for target gene inactivation but not Hedgehog sequestration. Mol. Cell 6, 467-478 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Cell , vol.6 , pp. 467-478
    • Johnson, R.L.1    Milenkovic, L.2    Scott, M.P.3
  • 27
    • 0037158748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patched acts catalytically to suppress the activity of Smoothened
    • Taipale J, Cooper MK, Maiti T et al.: Patched acts catalytically to suppress the activity of Smoothened. Nature 418, 892-897 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 892-897
    • Taipale, J.1    Cooper, M.K.2    Maiti, T.3
  • 28
    • 0034687244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patched represses the Hedgehog signaling pathway by promoting modification of the Smoothened protein
    • Ingham PW, Nystedt S, Nakano Y et al.: Patched represses the Hedgehog signaling pathway by promoting modification of the Smoothened protein. Curr. Biol. 10, 1315-1318 (2000).
    • (2000) Curr. Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 1315-1318
    • Ingham, P.W.1    Nystedt, S.2    Nakano, Y.3
  • 29
    • 0034682719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog induces opposite changes in turnover and subcellular localization of patched and smoothened
    • Denef N, Neubuser D, Perez L et al.: Hedgehog induces opposite changes in turnover and subcellular localization of patched and smoothened. Cell 102, 521-531 (2000).
    • (2000) Cell , vol.102 , pp. 521-531
    • Denef, N.1    Neubuser, D.2    Perez, L.3
  • 30
    • 0033635292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-transcriptional regulation of smoothened is part of a self-correcting mechanism in the Hedgehog signaling system
    • Alcedo J, Zou Y, Noll M Post-transcriptional regulation of smoothened is part of a self-correcting mechanism in the Hedgehog signaling system. Mol. Cell 6, 457-465 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Cell , vol.6 , pp. 457-465
    • Alcedo, J.1    Zou, Y.2    Noll, M.3
  • 31
    • 0038625111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered localization of Drosophila Smoothened protein activates Hedgehog signal transduction
    • Zhu AJ, Zheng L, Suyama K et al.: Altered localization of Drosophila Smoothened protein activates Hedgehog signal transduction. Genes Dev. 17, 1240-1252 (2003).
    • (2003) Genes Dev. , vol.17 , pp. 1240-1252
    • Zhu, A.J.1    Zheng, L.2    Suyama, K.3
  • 32
    • 0035849901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rab23 is an essential negative regulator of the mouse Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway
    • Eggenschwiler JT, Espinoza E, Anderson KV: Rab23 is an essential negative regulator of the mouse Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. Nature 412, 194-198 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 194-198
    • Eggenschwiler, J.T.1    Espinoza, E.2    Anderson, K.V.3
  • 33
    • 12944272018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor-mediated endocytosis of soluble and membrane-tethered sonic Hedgehog by patched-1
    • Incardona JP, Lee JH, Robertson CP et al.: Receptor-mediated endocytosis of soluble and membrane-tethered sonic Hedgehog by patched-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 12044-12049 (2000).
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 12044-12049
    • Incardona, J.P.1    Lee, J.H.2    Robertson, C.P.3
  • 34
    • 0035374351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sonic Hedgehog receptor patched associates with caveolin-1 in cholesterol-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane
    • Karpen HE, Bukowski JT, Hughes T et al.: The sonic Hedgehog receptor patched associates with caveolin-1 in cholesterol-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 19503-19511 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 19503-19511
    • Karpen, H.E.1    Bukowski, J.T.2    Hughes, T.3
  • 35
    • 0035368725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol modification of sonic Hedgehog is required for long-range signaling activity and effective modulation of signaling by Ptc1
    • Lewis PM, Dunn MP, McMahon JA et al.: Cholesterol modification of sonic Hedgehog is required for long-range signaling activity and effective modulation of signaling by Ptc1. Cell 105, 599-612 (2001).
    • (2001) Cell , vol.105 , pp. 599-612
    • Lewis, P.M.1    Dunn, M.P.2    McMahon, J.A.3
  • 36
    • 0033580269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertebrate Hedgehog signaling modulated by induction of a Hedgehog-binding protein
    • Chuang PT, McMahon AP: Vertebrate Hedgehog signaling modulated by induction of a Hedgehog-binding protein. Nature 397, 617-621 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.397 , pp. 617-621
    • Chuang, P.T.1    McMahon, A.P.2
  • 37
    • 0034947116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human Hedgehog-interacting protein gene: Structure and chromosome mapping to 4q31.21 - > q31.3
    • Bak M, Hansen C, Friis HK et al.: The human Hedgehog-interacting protein gene: Structure and chromosome mapping to 4q31.21 - > q31.3. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 92, 300-303 (2001).
    • (2001) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. , vol.92 , pp. 300-303
    • Bak, M.1    Hansen, C.2    Friis, H.K.3
  • 38
    • 0037314331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback control of mammalian Hedgehog signaling by the Hedgehog-binding protein, Hip1, modulates Fgf signaling during branching morphogenesis of the lung
    • Chuang PT, Kawcak T, McMahon AP: Feedback control of mammalian Hedgehog signaling by the Hedgehog-binding protein, Hip1, modulates Fgf signaling during branching morphogenesis of the lung. Genes Dev. 17, 342-347 (2003).
    • (2003) Genes Dev. , vol.17 , pp. 342-347
    • Chuang, P.T.1    Kawcak, T.2    McMahon, A.P.3
  • 39
    • 0035949695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the WNT-inducible growth arrest-specific gene 1 encodes an antagonist of sonic Hedgehog signaling in the somite
    • Lee CS, Buttitta L, Fan CM: Evidence that the WNT-inducible growth arrest-specific gene 1 encodes an antagonist of sonic Hedgehog signaling in the somite. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 11347-11352 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 11347-11352
    • Lee, C.S.1    Buttitta, L.2    Fan, C.M.3
  • 40
    • 0037067722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Megalin functions as an endocytic sonic Hedgehog receptor
    • McCarthy RA, Barth JL, Chintalapudi MR et al.: Megalin functions as an endocytic sonic Hedgehog receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 25660-25667 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 25660-25667
    • McCarthy, R.A.1    Barth, J.L.2    Chintalapudi, M.R.3
  • 41
    • 0035577854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog signaling in animal development: Paradigms and principles
    • Ingham PW and McMahon AP: Hedgehog signaling in animal development: paradigms and principles. Genes Dev. 15, 3059-3087 (2001).
    • (2001) Genes Dev. , vol.15 , pp. 3059-3087
    • Ingham, P.W.1    McMahon, A.P.2
  • 42
    • 0032728958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase A antagonizes Hedgehog signaling by regulating both the activator and repressor forms of Cubitus interruptus
    • Wang G, Wang B, Jiang J: Protein kinase A antagonizes Hedgehog signaling by regulating both the activator and repressor forms of Cubitus interruptus. Genes Dev. 13, 2828-2837 (1999).
    • (1999) Genes Dev. , vol.13 , pp. 2828-2837
    • Wang, G.1    Wang, B.2    Jiang, J.3
  • 43
    • 0037155737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteolysis of the Hedgehog signaling effector Cubitus interruptus requires phosphorylation by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 and Casein Kinase 1
    • Price MA and Kalderon D: Proteolysis of the Hedgehog signaling effector Cubitus interruptus requires phosphorylation by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 and Casein Kinase 1. Cell 108, 823-835 (2002).
    • (2002) Cell , vol.108 , pp. 823-835
    • Price, M.A.1    Kalderon, D.2
  • 44
    • 0037041470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shaggy/GSK3 antagonizes Hedgehog signaling by regulating Cubitus interruptus
    • Jia J, Amanai K, Wang G et al.: Shaggy/GSK3 antagonizes Hedgehog signaling by regulating Cubitus interruptus. Nature 416, 548-552 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 548-552
    • Jia, J.1    Amanai, K.2    Wang, G.3
  • 45
    • 0032576777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the Hedgehog and Wingless signaling pathways by the F-box/WD40-repeat protein Slimb
    • Jiang J, Struhl G: Regulation of the Hedgehog and Wingless signaling pathways by the F-box/WD40-repeat protein Slimb. Nature 391, 493-496 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 493-496
    • Jiang, J.1    Struhl, G.2
  • 46
    • 0033789068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressor of fused opposes Hedgehog signal transduction by impeding nuclear accumulation of the activator form of Cubitus interruptus
    • Methot N, Basler K: Suppressor of fused opposes Hedgehog signal transduction by impeding nuclear accumulation of the activator form of Cubitus interruptus. Development 127, 4001-4010 (2000).
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 4001-4010
    • Methot, N.1    Basler, K.2
  • 47
    • 0034669178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions with costal2 and suppressor of fused regulate nuclear translocation and activity of cubitus interruptus
    • Wang G, Amanai K, Wang B et al.: Interactions with costal2 and suppressor of fused regulate nuclear translocation and activity of cubitus interruptus. Genes Dev. 14, 2893-2905 (2000).
    • (2000) Genes Dev. , vol.14 , pp. 2893-2905
    • Wang, G.1    Amanai, K.2    Wang, B.3
  • 48
    • 0033529667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear trafficking of Cubitus interruptus in the transcriptional regulation of Hedgehog target gene expression
    • Chen CH, von Kessler DP, Park W et al.: Nuclear trafficking of Cubitus interruptus in the transcriptional regulation of Hedgehog target gene expression. Cell 98, 305-316 (1999).
    • (1999) Cell , vol.98 , pp. 305-316
    • Chen, C.H.1    von Kessler, D.P.2    Park, W.3
  • 49
    • 0037025382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog-stimulated phosphorylation of the kinesin-related protein Costal2 is mediated by the serine/threonine kinase fused
    • Nybakken KE, Turck CW, Robbins DJ et al.: Hedgehog-stimulated phosphorylation of the kinesin-related protein Costal2 is mediated by the serine/threonine kinase fused. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 24638-24647 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 24638-24647
    • Nybakken, K.E.1    Turck, C.W.2    Robbins, D.J.3
  • 50
    • 0030838880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog elicits signal transduction by means of a large complex containing the kinesin-related protein costal2
    • Robbins DJ, Nybakken KE, Kobayashi R et al.: Hedgehog elicits signal transduction by means of a large complex containing the kinesin-related protein costal2. Cell 90, 225-234 (1997).
    • (1997) Cell , vol.90 , pp. 225-234
    • Robbins, D.J.1    Nybakken, K.E.2    Kobayashi, R.3
  • 51
    • 0030795109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of cell pattern in the neural tube by the zinc-finger transcription factor and oncogene Gli-1
    • Hynes M, Stone DM, Dowd M et al.: Control of cell pattern in the neural tube by the zinc-finger transcription factor and oncogene Gli-1. Neuron 19, 15-26 (1997).
    • (1997) Neuron , vol.19 , pp. 15-26
    • Hynes, M.1    Stone, D.M.2    Dowd, M.3
  • 52
    • 0030891148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A binding site for Gli proteins is essential for HNF-3beta floor plate enhancer activity in transgenics and can respond to Shh in vitro
    • Sasaki H, Hui C, Nakafuku M et al.: A binding site for Gli proteins is essential for HNF-3beta floor plate enhancer activity in transgenics and can respond to Shh in vitro. Development 124, 1313-1322 (1997).
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 1313-1322
    • Sasaki, H.1    Hui, C.2    Nakafuku, M.3
  • 53
    • 0032808138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gli proteins encode context-dependent positive and negative functions: Implications for development and disease
    • Altaba A: Gli proteins encode context-dependent positive and negative functions: implications for development and disease. Development 126, 3205-3216 (1999).
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 3205-3216
    • Altaba, A.1
  • 54
    • 0031820135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combinatorial Gli gene function in floor plate and neuronal inductions by Sonic Hedgehog
    • Altaba A Combinatorial Gli gene function in floor plate and neuronal inductions by Sonic Hedgehog. Development 125, 2203-2212 (1998).
    • (1998) Development , vol.125 , pp. 2203-2212
    • Altaba, A.1
  • 55
    • 0030601955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonic Hedgehog differentially regulates expression of GLI and GLI3 during limb development
    • Marigo V, Johnson RL, Vortkamp A et al.: Sonic Hedgehog differentially regulates expression of GLI and GLI3 during limb development. Dev. Biol. 180, 273-283 (1996).
    • (1996) Dev. Biol. , vol.180 , pp. 273-283
    • Marigo, V.1    Johnson, R.L.2    Vortkamp, A.3
  • 56
    • 0030805592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gli1 is a target of Sonic Hedgehog that induces ventral neural tube development
    • Lee J, Platt KA, Censullo P et al.: Gli1 is a target of Sonic Hedgehog that induces ventral neural tube development. Development 124, 2537-2552 (1997).
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 2537-2552
    • Lee, J.1    Platt, K.A.2    Censullo, P.3
  • 57
    • 0036801765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gli2 but not Gli1, is required for initial Shh signaling and ectopic activation of the Shh pathway
    • Bai CB, Auerbach W, Lee JS et al.: Gli2 but not Gli1, is required for initial Shh signaling and ectopic activation of the Shh pathway. Development 129, 4753-4761 (2002).
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 4753-4761
    • Bai, C.B.1    Auerbach, W.2    Lee, J.S.3
  • 58
    • 0034055649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation
    • Park HL, Bai C, Platt KA et al.: Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation. Development 127, 1593-1605 (2000).
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 1593-1605
    • Park, H.L.1    Bai, C.2    Platt, K.A.3
  • 59
    • 0037144506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of Gli1 transcriptional activity in the nucleus by Dyrk1
    • Mao J, Maye P, Kogerman P et al.: Regulation of Gli1 transcriptional activity in the nucleus by Dyrk1. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 35156-35161 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 35156-35161
    • Mao, J.1    Maye, P.2    Kogerman, P.3
  • 60
    • 0035910569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular properties of Zic proteins as transcriptional regulators and their relationship to GLI proteins
    • Mizugishi K, Aruga J, Nakata K et al.: Molecular properties of Zic proteins as transcriptional regulators and their relationship to GLI proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 2180-2188 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 2180-2188
    • Mizugishi, K.1    Aruga, J.2    Nakata, K.3
  • 61
    • 0035831529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical and functional interactions between Zic and Gli proteins
    • Koyabu Y, Nakata K, Mizugishi K et al.: Physical and functional interactions between Zic and Gli proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 6889-6892 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 6889-6892
    • Koyabu, Y.1    Nakata, K.2    Mizugishi, K.3
  • 62
    • 0037112001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ski is involved in transcriptional regulation by the repressor and full-length forms of Gli3
    • Dai P, Shinagawa T, Nomura T et al.: Ski is involved in transcriptional regulation by the repressor and full-length forms of Gli3. Genes Dev. 16, 2843-2848 (2002).
    • (2002) Genes Dev. , vol.16 , pp. 2843-2848
    • Dai, P.1    Shinagawa, T.2    Nomura, T.3
  • 63
    • 0025156778 scopus 로고
    • The GLI gene encodes a nuclear protein which binds specific sequences in the human genome
    • Kinzler KW and Vogelstein B The GLI gene encodes a nuclear protein which binds specific sequences in the human genome. Mol. Cell Biol. 10, 634-642 (1990).
    • (1990) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 634-642
    • Kinzler, K.W.1    Vogelstein, B.2
  • 64
    • 0033969466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cubitus interruptus requires Drosophila CREB-binding protein to activate wingless expression in the Drosophila embryo
    • Chen Y, Goodman RH, Smolik SM: Cubitus interruptus requires Drosophila CREB-binding protein to activate wingless expression in the Drosophila embryo. Mol. Cell Biol. 20, 1616-1625 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 1616-1625
    • Chen, Y.1    Goodman, R.H.2    Smolik, S.M.3
  • 65
    • 0030901264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drosophila CBP is a co-activator of cubitus interruptus in Hedgehog signaling
    • Akimaru H, Chen Y, Dai P et al.: Drosophila CBP is a co-activator of cubitus interruptus in Hedgehog signaling. Nature 386, 735-738 (1997).
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 735-738
    • Akimaru, H.1    Chen, Y.2    Dai, P.3
  • 66
    • 0033583035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonic Hedgehog-induced activation of the Gli1 promoter is mediated by GLI3
    • Dai P, Akimaru H, Tanaka Y et al.: Sonic Hedgehog-induced activation of the Gli1 promoter is mediated by GLI3. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8143-8152 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 8143-8152
    • Dai, P.1    Akimaru, H.2    Tanaka, Y.3
  • 67
    • 0029858774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional activation of Hedgehog target genes in Drosophila is mediated directly by the cubitus interruptus protein, a member of the GLI family of zinc-finger DNA-binding proteins
    • Alexandre C, Jacinto A, Ingham PW Transcriptional activation of Hedgehog target genes in Drosophila is mediated directly by the cubitus interruptus protein, a member of the GLI family of zinc-finger DNA-binding proteins. Genes Dev. 10, 2003-2013 (1996).
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 2003-2013
    • Alexandre, C.1    Jacinto, A.2    Ingham, P.W.3
  • 68
    • 0036899614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways and consequences: Hedgehog signaling in human disease
    • Mullor JL, Sanchez P, Altaba AR: Pathways and consequences: Hedgehog signaling in human disease. Trends Cell Biol. 12, 562-569 (2002).
    • (2002) Trends Cell Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 562-569
    • Mullor, J.L.1    Sanchez, P.2    Altaba, A.R.3
  • 69
    • 0031694448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holoprosencephaly due to mutations in ZIC2, a homologue of Drosophila odd-paired
    • Brown SA, Warburton D, Brown LY et al.: Holoprosencephaly due to mutations in ZIC2, a homologue of Drosophila odd-paired. Nat. Genet. 20, 180-183 (1998).
    • (1998) Nat. Genet. , vol.20 , pp. 180-183
    • Brown, S.A.1    Warburton, D.2    Brown, L.Y.3
  • 70
    • 16144368562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of Sonic Hedgehog as a candidate gene responsible for holoprosencephaly
    • Belloni E, Muenke M, Roessler E et al.: Identification of Sonic Hedgehog as a candidate gene responsible for holoprosencephaly. Nat. Genet. 14, 353-356 (1996).
    • (1996) Nat. Genet. , vol.14 , pp. 353-356
    • Belloni, E.1    Muenke, M.2    Roessler, E.3
  • 71
    • 0036556309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC Hedgehog, are associated with holoprosencephaly
    • Ming JE, Kaupas ME, Roessler E et al.: Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC Hedgehog, are associated with holoprosencephaly. Hum. Genet. 110, 297-301 (2002).
    • (2002) Hum. Genet. , vol.110 , pp. 297-301
    • Ming, J.E.1    Kaupas, M.E.2    Roessler, E.3
  • 72
    • 0030294408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the human Sonic Hedgehog gene cause holoprosencephaly
    • Roessler E, Belloni E, Gaudenz K et al.: Mutations in the human Sonic Hedgehog gene cause holoprosencephaly. Nat. Genet. 14, 357-360 (1996).
    • (1996) Nat. Genet. , vol.14 , pp. 357-360
    • Roessler, E.1    Belloni, E.2    Gaudenz, K.3
  • 73
    • 16744368142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in TGIF cause holoprosencephaly and link NODAL signaling to human neural axis determination
    • Gripp KW, Wotton D, Edwards MC et al.: Mutations in TGIF cause holoprosencephaly and link NODAL signaling to human neural axis determination. Nat. Genet. 25, 205-208 (2000).
    • (2000) Nat. Genet. , vol.25 , pp. 205-208
    • Gripp, K.W.1    Wotton, D.2    Edwards, M.C.3
  • 74
    • 0029129462 scopus 로고
    • Teratogenicity of low doses of all-trans retinoic acid in presomite mouse embryos
    • Sulik KK, Dehart DB, Rogers JM et al.: Teratogenicity of low doses of all-trans retinoic acid in presomite mouse embryos. Teratology 51, 398-403 (1995).
    • (1995) Teratology , vol.51 , pp. 398-403
    • Sulik, K.K.1    Dehart, D.B.2    Rogers, J.M.3
  • 75
    • 0031193875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonic Hedgehog participates in craniofacial morphogenesis and is downregulated by teratogenic doses of retinoic acid
    • Helms JA, Kim CH, Hu D et al.: Sonic Hedgehog participates in craniofacial morphogenesis and is downregulated by teratogenic doses of retinoic acid. Dev. Biol. 187, 25-35 (1997).
    • (1997) Dev. Biol. , vol.187 , pp. 25-35
    • Helms, J.A.1    Kim, C.H.2    Hu, D.3
  • 76
    • 0034935075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in IHH, encoding Indian Hedgehog, cause brachydactyly type A- 1
    • Gao B, Guo J, She C et al.: Mutations in IHH, encoding Indian Hedgehog, cause brachydactyly type A- 1. Nat. Genet. 28, 386-388 (2001).
    • (2001) Nat. Genet. , vol.28 , pp. 386-388
    • Gao, B.1    Guo, J.2    She, C.3
  • 77
    • 0037383555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homozygous Mutations in IHH Cause Acrocapitofemoral Dysplasia, an Autosomal Recessive Disorder with Cone-Shaped Epiphyses in Hands and Hips
    • Hellemans J, Coucke PJ, Giedion A et al.: Homozygous Mutations in IHH Cause Acrocapitofemoral Dysplasia, an Autosomal Recessive Disorder with Cone-Shaped Epiphyses in Hands and Hips. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72, 1040-1046 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.72 , pp. 1040-1046
    • Hellemans, J.1    Coucke, P.J.2    Giedion, A.3
  • 78
    • 0025812172 scopus 로고
    • GLI3 zinc-finger gene interrupted by translocations in Greig syndrome families
    • Vortkamp A, Gessler M, Grzeschik KH: GLI3 zinc-finger gene interrupted by translocations in Greig syndrome families. Nature 352, 539-540 (1991).
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 539-540
    • Vortkamp, A.1    Gessler, M.2    Grzeschik, K.H.3
  • 79
    • 0032833002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point mutations throughout the GLI3 gene cause Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
    • Kalff-Suske M, Wild A, Topp J et al.: Point mutations throughout the GLI3 gene cause Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8, 1769-1777 (1999).
    • (1999) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 1769-1777
    • Kalff-Suske, M.1    Wild, A.2    Topp, J.3
  • 80
    • 0031019090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLI3 frameshift mutations cause autosomal dominant Pallister-Hall syndrome
    • Kang S, Graham JM, Jr., Olney AH et al.: GLI3 frameshift mutations cause autosomal dominant Pallister-Hall syndrome. Nat. Genet. 15, 266-268 (1997).
    • (1997) Nat. Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 266-268
    • Kang, S.1    Graham J.M., Jr.2    Olney, A.H.3
  • 81
    • 0031279063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation in GLI3 in postaxial polydactyly type A
    • Radhakrishna U, Wild A, Grzeschik KH et al.: Mutation in GLI3 in postaxial polydactyly type A. Nat. Genet. 17, 269-271 (1997).
    • (1997) Nat. Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 269-271
    • Radhakrishna, U.1    Wild, A.2    Grzeschik, K.H.3
  • 82
    • 0033362154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phenotypic spectrum of GLI3 morphopathies includes autosomal dominant preaxial polydactyly type-IV and postaxial polydactyly type-A/B; No phenotype prediction from the position of GLI3 mutations
    • Radhakrishna U, Bornholdt D, Scott HS et al.: The phenotypic spectrum of GLI3 morphopathies includes autosomal dominant preaxial polydactyly type-IV and postaxial polydactyly type-A/B; No phenotype prediction from the position of GLI3 mutations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65, 645-655 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.65 , pp. 645-655
    • Radhakrishna, U.1    Bornholdt, D.2    Scott, H.S.3
  • 83
    • 0029022770 scopus 로고
    • Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome caused by mutations in the transcriptional co-activator CBP
    • Petrij F, Giles RH, Dauwerse HG et al.: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome caused by mutations in the transcriptional co-activator CBP. Nature 376, 348-351 (1995).
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 348-351
    • Petrij, F.1    Giles, R.H.2    Dauwerse, H.G.3
  • 84
    • 0033988241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in microdeletions of the cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein gene at chromosome band 16p13.3 in the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
    • Blough RI, Petrij F, Dauwerse JG et al.: Variation in microdeletions of the cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein gene at chromosome band 16p13.3 in the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 90, 29-34 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.90 , pp. 29-34
    • Blough, R.I.1    Petrij, F.2    Dauwerse, J.G.3
  • 85
    • 15844386165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of the human homolog of Drosophila patched in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
    • Hahn H, Wicking C, Zaphiropoulous PG et al.: Mutations of the human homolog of Drosophila patched in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Cell 85, 841-851 (1996).
    • (1996) Cell , vol.85 , pp. 841-851
    • Hahn, H.1    Wicking, C.2    Zaphiropoulous, P.G.3
  • 86
    • 15844381336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human homolog of patched, a candidate gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome
    • Johnson RL, Rothman AL, Xie J et al.: Human homolog of patched, a candidate gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome. Science 272, 1668-1671 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1668-1671
    • Johnson, R.L.1    Rothman, A.L.2    Xie, J.3
  • 87
    • 0027231001 scopus 로고
    • Complications of the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: Results of a population based study
    • Evans DG, Ladusans EJ, Rimmer S et al.: Complications of the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: results of a population based study. J. Med. Genet. 30, 460-464 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Med. Genet. , vol.30 , pp. 460-464
    • Evans, D.G.1    Ladusans, E.J.2    Rimmer, S.3
  • 88
    • 0031002840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical manifestations in 105 persons with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
    • Kimonis VE, Goldstein AM, Pastakia B et al.: Clinical manifestations in 105 persons with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 69, 299-308 (1997).
    • (1997) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.69 , pp. 299-308
    • Kimonis, V.E.1    Goldstein, A.M.2    Pastakia, B.3
  • 89
    • 0345040229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Clinical findings in 37 Italian affected individuals
    • Lo ML, Nocini PF, Savoia A et al.: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Clinical findings in 37 Italian affected individuals. Clin. Genet. 55, 34-40 (1999).
    • (1999) Clin. Genet. , vol.55 , pp. 34-40
    • Lo, M.L.1    Nocini, P.F.2    Savoia, A.3
  • 90
    • 0032898184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of human patched 2 (PTCH2), a putative tumor suppressor gene inbasal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma on chromosome 1p32
    • Smyth I, Narang MA, Evans T et al.: Isolation and characterization of human patched 2 (PTCH2), a putative tumor suppressor gene inbasal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma on chromosome 1p32. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8, 291-297 (1999).
    • (1999) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 291-297
    • Smyth, I.1    Narang, M.A.2    Evans, T.3
  • 91
    • 0036648241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in SUFU predispose to medulloblastoma
    • Taylor MD, Liu L, Raffel C et al.: Mutations in SUFU predispose to medulloblastoma. Nat. Genet. 31, 306-310 (2002).
    • (2002) Nat. Genet. , vol.31 , pp. 306-310
    • Taylor, M.D.1    Liu, L.2    Raffel, C.3
  • 92
    • 0035001278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of expression of Hedgehog target genes in basal cell carcinomas
    • Bonifas JM, Pennypacker S, Chuang PT et al.: Activation of expression of Hedgehog target genes in basal cell carcinomas. J. Invest Dermatol. 116, 739-742 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Invest Dermatol. , vol.116 , pp. 739-742
    • Bonifas, J.M.1    Pennypacker, S.2    Chuang, P.T.3
  • 93
    • 0030844141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the transcription factor Gli1 and the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in skin tumors
    • Dahmane N, Lee J, Robins P et al.: Activation of the transcription factor Gli1 and the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in skin tumors. Nature 389, 876-881 (1997).
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 876-881
    • Dahmane, N.1    Lee, J.2    Robins, P.3
  • 94
    • 0031744207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal cell carcinoma development is associated with induction of the expression of the transcription factor Gli-1
    • Green J, Leigh IM, Poulsom R et al.: Basal cell carcinoma development is associated with induction of the expression of the transcription factor Gli-1. Br. J. Dermatol. 139, 911-915 (1998).
    • (1998) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.139 , pp. 911-915
    • Green, J.1    Leigh, I.M.2    Poulsom, R.3
  • 95
    • 0037165140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of central nervous system embryonal tumor outcome based on gene expression
    • Pomeroy SL, Tamayo P, Gaasenbeek M et al.: Prediction of central nervous system embryonal tumor outcome based on gene expression. Nature 415, 436-442 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 436-442
    • Pomeroy, S.L.1    Tamayo, P.2    Gaasenbeek, M.3
  • 96
    • 0035691884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sonic Hedgehog-Gli pathway regulates dorsal brain growth and tumorigenesis
    • Dahmane N, Sanchez P, Gitton Y et al.: The Sonic Hedgehog-Gli pathway regulates dorsal brain growth and tumorigenesis. Development 128, 5201-5212 (2001).
    • (2001) Development , vol.128 , pp. 5201-5212
    • Dahmane, N.1    Sanchez, P.2    Gitton, Y.3
  • 97
    • 0242669237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog signaling within airway epithelial progenitors and in small-cell lung cancer
    • Watkins DN, Berman DM, Burkholder SG et al.: Hedgehog signaling within airway epithelial progenitors and in small-cell lung cancer. Nature 422, 313-317 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 313-317
    • Watkins, D.N.1    Berman, D.M.2    Burkholder, S.G.3
  • 98
    • 0034091805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal cell carcinomas in mice overexpressing Gli2 in skin
    • Grachtchouk M, Mo R, Yu S et al.: Basal cell carcinomas in mice overexpressing Gli2 in skin. Nat. Genet. 24, 216-217 (2000).
    • (2000) Nat. Genet. , vol.24 , pp. 216-217
    • Grachtchouk, M.1    Mo, R.2    Yu, S.3
  • 99
    • 0034724219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of basal cell carcinomas and trichoepitheliomas in mice overexpressing GLI-1
    • Nilsson M, Unden AB, Krause D et al.: Induction of basal cell carcinomas and trichoepitheliomas in mice overexpressing GLI-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 3438-3443 (2000).
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 3438-3443
    • Nilsson, M.1    Unden, A.B.2    Krause, D.3
  • 100
    • 0030955557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal cell carcinomas in mice overexpressing sonic Hedgehog
    • Oro AE, Higgins KM, Hu Z et al.: Basal cell carcinomas in mice overexpressing sonic Hedgehog. Science 276, 817-821 (1997).
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 817-821
    • Oro, A.E.1    Higgins, K.M.2    Hu, Z.3
  • 101
    • 0030866154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered neural cell fates and medulloblastoma in mouse patched mutants
    • Goodrich LV, Milenkovic L, Higgins KM et al.: Altered neural cell fates and medulloblastoma in mouse patched mutants. Science 277, 1109-1113 (1997).
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 1109-1113
    • Goodrich, L.V.1    Milenkovic, L.2    Higgins, K.M.3
  • 102
    • 0031837454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhabdomyosarcomas and radiation hypersensitivity in a mouse model of Gorlin syndrome
    • Hahn H, Wojnowski L, Zimmer AM et al.: Rhabdomyosarcomas and radiation hypersensitivity in a mouse model of Gorlin syndrome. Nat. Med. 4, 619-622 (1998).
    • (1998) Nat. Med. , vol.4 , pp. 619-622
    • Hahn, H.1    Wojnowski, L.2    Zimmer, A.M.3
  • 103
    • 0032694528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet and ionizing radiation enhance the growth of BCCs and trichoblastomata in patched heterozygous knockout mice
    • Aszterbaum M, Epstein J, Oro A et al.: Ultraviolet and ionizing radiation enhance the growth of BCCs and trichoblastomata in patched heterozygous knockout mice. Nat. Med. 5, 1285-1291 (1999).
    • (1999) Nat. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 1285-1291
    • Aszterbaum, M.1    Epstein, J.2    Oro, A.3
  • 104
    • 0037168206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of medulloblastoma following X-ray-irradiation of newborn Ptc1 heterozygous mice
    • Pazzaglia S, Mancuso M, Atkinson MJ et al.: High incidence of medulloblastoma following X-ray-irradiation of newborn Ptc1 heterozygous mice. Oncogene 21, 7580-7584 (2002).
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 7580-7584
    • Pazzaglia, S.1    Mancuso, M.2    Atkinson, M.J.3
  • 105
    • 0030239754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is human patched the gatekeeper of common skin cancers?
    • Sidransky D: Is human patched the gatekeeper of common skin cancers? Nat. Genet. 14, 7-8 (1996).
    • (1996) Nat. Genet. , vol.14 , pp. 7-8
    • Sidransky, D.1
  • 106
    • 0034123010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that haploinsufficiency of Ptch leads to medulloblastoma in mice
    • Zurawel RH, Allen C, Wechsler-Reya R et al.: Evidence that haploinsufficiency of Ptch leads to medulloblastoma in mice. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 28, 77-81 (2000).
    • (2000) Genes Chromosomes Cancer , vol.28 , pp. 77-81
    • Zurawel, R.H.1    Allen, C.2    Wechsler-Reya, R.3
  • 107
    • 0036258777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unbalanced overexpression of the mutant allele in murine Patched mutants
    • Calzada-Wack J, Kappler R, Schnitzbauer U et al.: Unbalanced overexpression of the mutant allele in murine Patched mutants. Carcinogenesis 23, 727-733 (2002).
    • (2002) Carcinogenesis , vol.23 , pp. 727-733
    • Calzada-Wack, J.1    Kappler, R.2    Schnitzbauer, U.3
  • 108
    • 0035967181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog acts as a somatic stem cell factor in the Drosophila ovary
    • Zhang Y and Kalderon D: Hedgehog acts as a somatic stem cell factor in the Drosophila ovary. Nature 410, 599-604 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 599-604
    • Zhang, Y.1    Kalderon, D.2
  • 109
    • 0037218819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonic Hedgehog regulates adult neural progenitor proliferation in vitro and in vivo
    • Lai K, Kaspar BK, Gage FH et al.: Sonic Hedgehog regulates adult neural progenitor proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Nat. Neurosci. 6, 21-27 (2003).
    • (2003) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 21-27
    • Lai, K.1    Kaspar, B.K.2    Gage, F.H.3
  • 110
    • 0036559186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gli and Hedgehog in cancer: Tumors, embryos and stem cells
    • Altaba A, Sanchez P, Dahmane N: Gli and Hedgehog in cancer: tumors, embryos and stem cells. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2, 361-372 (2002).
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.2 , pp. 361-372
    • Altaba, A.1    Sanchez, P.2    Dahmane, N.3
  • 111
    • 0035902140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways in cancer
    • Taipale J and Beachy PA: The Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways in cancer. Nature 411, 349-354 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 349-354
    • Taipale, J.1    Beachy, P.A.2
  • 112
    • 0037118056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog regulates cell growth and proliferation by inducing Cyclin D and Cyclin E
    • Duman-Scheel M, Weng L, Xin S et al.: Hedgehog regulates cell growth and proliferation by inducing Cyclin D and Cyclin E. Nature 417, 299-304 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 299-304
    • Duman-Scheel, M.1    Weng, L.2    Xin, S.3
  • 113
    • 0034461606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonic Hedgehog promotes G(1) cyclin expression and sustained cell cycle progression in mammalian neuronal precursors
    • Kenney AM and Rowitch DH: Sonic Hedgehog promotes G(1) cyclin expression and sustained cell cycle progression in mammalian neuronal precursors. Mol. Cell Biol. 20, 9055-9067 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 9055-9067
    • Kenney, A.M.1    Rowitch, D.H.2
  • 114
    • 0037117589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of genes expressed with temporal-spatial restriction to developing cerebellar neuron precursors by a functional genomic approach
    • Zhao Q, Kho A, Kenney AM et al.: Identification of genes expressed with temporal-spatial restriction to developing cerebellar neuron precursors by a functional genomic approach. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 5704-5709 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 5704-5709
    • Zhao, Q.1    Kho, A.2    Kenney, A.M.3
  • 115
    • 0037108828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative gene expression profile analysis of GLI and c-MYC in an epithelial model of malignant transformation
    • Louro ID, Bailey EC, Li X et al.: Comparative gene expression profile analysis of GLI and c-MYC in an epithelial model of malignant transformation. Cancer Res. 62, 5867-5873 (2002).
    • (2002) Cancer Res. , vol.62 , pp. 5867-5873
    • Louro, I.D.1    Bailey, E.C.2    Li, X.3
  • 116
    • 0037085379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profiling leads to identification of GLI1-binding elements in target genes and a role for multiple downstream pathways in GLI1-induced cell transformation
    • Yoon JW, Kita Y, Frank DJ et al.: Gene expression profiling leads to identification of GLI1-binding elements in target genes and a role for multiple downstream pathways in GLI1-induced cell transformation. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 5548-5555 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 5548-5555
    • Yoon, J.W.1    Kita, Y.2    Frank, D.J.3
  • 117
    • 0018232837 scopus 로고
    • Cyclopamine and related steroidal alkaloid teratogens: Their occurrence, structural relationship and biologic effects
    • Keeler RF Cyclopamine and related steroidal alkaloid teratogens: their occurrence, structural relationship and biologic effects. Lipids 13, 708-715 (1978).
    • (1978) Lipids , vol.13 , pp. 708-715
    • Keeler, R.F.1
  • 118
    • 0029777408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclopia and defective axial patterning in mice lacking Sonic Hedgehog gene function
    • Chiang C, Litingtung Y, Lee E et al.: Cyclopia and defective axial patterning in mice lacking Sonic Hedgehog gene function. Nature 383, 407-413 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 407-413
    • Chiang, C.1    Litingtung, Y.2    Lee, E.3
  • 119
    • 0032486433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teratogen-mediated inhibition of target tissue response to Shh signaling
    • Cooper MK, Porter JA, Young KE et al.: Teratogen-mediated inhibition of target tissue response to Shh signaling. Science 280, 1603-1607 (1998).
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1603-1607
    • Cooper, M.K.1    Porter, J.A.2    Young, K.E.3
  • 120
    • 0031723219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The teratogenic Veratrum alkaloid cyclopamine inhibits sonic Hedgehog signal transduction
    • Incardona JP, Gaffield W, Kapur RP et al.: The teratogenic Veratrum alkaloid cyclopamine inhibits sonic Hedgehog signal transduction. Development 125, 3553-3562 (1998).
    • (1998) Development , vol.125 , pp. 3553-3562
    • Incardona, J.P.1    Gaffield, W.2    Kapur, R.P.3
  • 121
    • 0036829397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling by direct binding of cyclopamine to Smoothened
    • Chen JK, Taipale J, Cooper MK et al.: Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling by direct binding of cyclopamine to Smoothened. Genes Dev. 16, 2743-2748 (2002).
    • (2002) Genes Dev. , vol.16 , pp. 2743-2748
    • Chen, J.K.1    Taipale, J.2    Cooper, M.K.3
  • 122
  • 123
    • 18644368453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-molecule modulators of Hedgehog signaling: Identification and characterization of Smoothened agonists and antagonists
    • Frank-Kamenetsky M, Zhang XM, Bottega S et al.: Small-molecule modulators of Hedgehog signaling: identification and characterization of Smoothened agonists and antagonists. J. Biol. 1, 10 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 10
    • Frank-Kamenetsky, M.1    Zhang, X.M.2    Bottega, S.3
  • 124
    • 33749329022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roughing up Smoothened: Chemical modulators of Hedgehog signaling
    • King RW Roughing up Smoothened: chemical modulators of Hedgehog signaling. J. Biol. 1, 8 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 8
    • King, R.W.1
  • 125
    • 18644368453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-molecule modulators of Hedgehog signaling: Identification and characterization of Smoothened agonists and antagonists
    • Frank-Kamenetsky M, Zhang XM, Bottega S et al.: Small-molecule modulators of Hedgehog signaling: identification and characterization of Smoothened agonists and antagonists. J. Biol. 1, 10 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 10
    • Frank-Kamenetsky, M.1    Zhang, X.M.2    Bottega, S.3
  • 126
  • 127
    • 0034738979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oncogenic mutations in Smoothened and Patched can be reversed by cyclopamine
    • Taipale J, Chen JK, Cooper MK, et al.: Effects of oncogenic mutations in Smoothened and Patched can be reversed by cyclopamine. Nature 406, 1005-1009 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 1005-1009
    • Taipale, J.1    Chen, J.K.2    Cooper, M.K.3
  • 128
    • 0034738979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oncogenic mutations in Smoothened and Patched can be reversed by cyclopamine
    • Taipale J, Chen JK, Cooper MK et al.: Effects of oncogenic mutations in Smoothened and Patched can be reversed by cyclopamine. Nature 406, 1005-1009 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 1005-1009
    • Taipale, J.1    Chen, J.K.2    Cooper, M.K.3
  • 129
    • 0037200078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medulloblastoma growth inhibition by Hedgehog pathway blockade
    • Berman DM, Karhadkar SS, Hallahan AR et al.: Medulloblastoma growth inhibition by Hedgehog pathway blockade. Science 297, 1559-1561 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 1559-1561
    • Berman, D.M.1    Karhadkar, S.S.2    Hallahan, A.R.3
  • 130
    • 18344379127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction of wild type patched gene suppresses the oncogenic potential of human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines including A431
    • Koike C, Mizutani T, Ito T et al.: Introduction of wild type patched gene suppresses the oncogenic potential of human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines including A431. Oncogene 21, 2670-2678 (2002).
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 2670-2678
    • Koike, C.1    Mizutani, T.2    Ito, T.3
  • 131
    • 0033117212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease
    • Bonnet AM, Houeto JL: Pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Biomed. Pharmacother. 53, 117-121 (1999).
    • (1999) Biomed. Pharmacother. , vol.53 , pp. 117-121
    • Bonnet, A.M.1    Houeto, J.L.2
  • 132
    • 0345490853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A wide variety of mutations in the parkin gene are responsible for autosomal recessive parkinsonism in Europe
    • French Parkinson's disease Genetics Study Group and the European Consortium on Genetic Susceptibility in Parkinson's disease
    • Abbas N, Lucking CB, Ricard S et al.: A wide variety of mutations in the parkin gene are responsible for autosomal recessive parkinsonism in Europe. French Parkinson's disease Genetics Study Group and the European Consortium on Genetic Susceptibility in Parkinson's disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8, 567-574 (1999).
    • (1999) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 567-574
    • Abbas, N.1    Lucking, C.B.2    Ricard, S.3
  • 133
    • 0031566042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NACP, a presynaptic protein, immunoreactivity in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease
    • Wakabayashi K, Matsumoto K, Takayama K et al.: NACP, a presynaptic protein, immunoreactivity in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 239, 45-48 (1997).
    • (1997) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.239 , pp. 45-48
    • Wakabayashi, K.1    Matsumoto, K.2    Takayama, K.3
  • 134
    • 0027988507 scopus 로고
    • Problems with long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease
    • Marsden CD: Problems with long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 17 Suppl. 2, S32-S44 (1994).
    • (1994) Clin. Neuropharmacol. , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Marsden, C.D.1
  • 135
    • 0033934144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral caudate and putamen grafts of embryonic mesencephalic tissue treated with lazaroids in Parkinson's disease
    • Brundin P, Pogarell O, Hagell P et al.: Bilateral caudate and putamen grafts of embryonic mesencephalic tissue treated with lazaroids in Parkinson's disease. Brain 123 (Pt 7), 1380-1390 (2000).
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.PART 7 , pp. 1380-1390
    • Brundin, P.1    Pogarell, O.2    Hagell, P.3
  • 136
    • 0032125462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurturin exerts potent actions on survival and function of midbrain dopaminergic neurons
    • Horger BA, Nishimura MC, Armanini MP et al.: Neurturin exerts potent actions on survival and function of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. J. Neurosci. 18, 4929-4937 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 4929-4937
    • Horger, B.A.1    Nishimura, M.C.2    Armanini, M.P.3
  • 137
    • 0032005510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persephin, a novel neurotrophic factor related to GDNF and neurturin
    • Milbrandt J, Fahrner TJ et al.: Persephin, a novel neurotrophic factor related to GDNF and neurturin. Neuron 20, 245-253 (1998).
    • (1998) Neuron , vol.20 , pp. 245-253
    • Milbrandt, J.1    Fahrner, T.J.2
  • 138
    • 0033978389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo protection of nigral dopamine neurons by lentiviral gene transfer of the novel GDNF-family member neublastin/artemin
    • Rosenblad C, Grønborg M, Hansen C et al.: In vivo protection of nigral dopamine neurons by lentiviral gene transfer of the novel GDNF-family member neublastin/artemin. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 15, 199-214 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Cell Neurosci. , vol.15 , pp. 199-214
    • Rosenblad, C.1    Grønborg, M.2    Hansen, C.3
  • 139
    • 0030793114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonic Hedgehog promotes the survival of specific CNS neuron populations and protects these cells from toxic insult In vitro
    • Miao N, Wang M, Ott JA et al.: Sonic Hedgehog promotes the survival of specific CNS neuron populations and protects these cells from toxic insult In vitro. J. Neurosci. 17, 5891-5899 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 5891-5899
    • Miao, N.1    Wang, M.2    Ott, J.A.3
  • 140
    • 0036167305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-acting forms of Sonic Hedgehog with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties are efficacious in a nerve injury model
    • Pepinsky RB, Shapiro RI, Wang S et al.: Long-acting forms of Sonic Hedgehog with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties are efficacious in a nerve injury model. J. Pharm. Sci. 91, 371-387 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.91 , pp. 371-387
    • Pepinsky, R.B.1    Shapiro, R.I.2    Wang, S.3
  • 141
    • 0036144970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrastriatal injection of sonic Hedgehog reduces behavioural impairment in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
    • Tsuboi K, Shults CW: Intrastriatal injection of sonic Hedgehog reduces behavioural impairment in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp. Neurol. 173, 95-104 (2002).
    • (2002) Exp. Neurol. , vol.173 , pp. 95-104
    • Tsuboi, K.1    Shults, C.W.2
  • 142
    • 0037130581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural and immunohistochemical changes following supranigral administration of sonic Hedgehog in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated common marmosets
    • Dass B, Iravani MM, Jackson MJ et al.: Behavioural and immunohistochemical changes following supranigral administration of sonic Hedgehog in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated common marmosets. Neuroscience 114, 99-109 (2002).
    • (2002) Neuroscience , vol.114 , pp. 99-109
    • Dass, B.1    Iravani, M.M.2    Jackson, M.J.3
  • 143
    • 0036703488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adult substantia nigra contains progenitor cells with neurogenic potential
    • Lie DC, Dziewczapolski G, Willhoite AR et al.: The adult substantia nigra contains progenitor cells with neurogenic potential. J. Neurosci. 22, 6639-6649 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 6639-6649
    • Lie, D.C.1    Dziewczapolski, G.2    Willhoite, A.R.3
  • 144
    • 0033955716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential response of ventral midbrain and striatal progenitor cells to lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection
    • Kay JN and Blum M: Differential response of ventral midbrain and striatal progenitor cells to lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection. Dev. Neurosci. 22, 56-67 (2000).
    • (2000) Dev. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 56-67
    • Kay, J.N.1    Blum, M.2
  • 145
    • 15844386540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog patterning activity: Role of a lipophilic modification mediated by the carboxy-terminal autoprocessing domain
    • Porter JA, Ekker SC, Park WJ et al.: Hedgehog patterning activity: role of a lipophilic modification mediated by the carboxy-terminal autoprocessing domain. Cell 86, 21-34 (1996).
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 21-34
    • Porter, J.A.1    Ekker, S.C.2    Park, W.J.3
  • 146
    • 0037329984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic efficacy of sonic Hedgehog protein in experimental diabetic neuropathy
    • Calcutt NA, Allendoerfer KL, Mizisin AP et al.: Therapeutic efficacy of sonic Hedgehog protein in experimental diabetic neuropathy. J. Clin. Invest 111, 507-514 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest , vol.111 , pp. 507-514
    • Calcutt, N.A.1    Allendoerfer, K.L.2    Mizisin, A.P.3
  • 147
    • 0035957871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perineurium inflammation and altered connexin isoform expression in a rat model of diabetes related peripheral neuropathy
    • Pitre DA, Seifert JL, Bauer JA: Perineurium inflammation and altered connexin isoform expression in a rat model of diabetes related peripheral neuropathy. Neurosci. Lett. 303, 67-71 (2001).
    • (2001) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.303 , pp. 67-71
    • Pitre, D.A.1    Seifert, J.L.2    Bauer, J.A.3
  • 148
    • 0023222407 scopus 로고
    • Altered blood-nerve barrier permeability to small molecules in experimental diabetes mellitus
    • Rechthand E, Smith QR, Latker CH et al.: Altered blood-nerve barrier permeability to small molecules in experimental diabetes mellitus. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 46, 302-314 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.46 , pp. 302-314
    • Rechthand, E.1    Smith, Q.R.2    Latker, C.H.3
  • 149
    • 0033554347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schwann cell-derived desert Hedgehog signals nerve sheath formation
    • Mirsky R, Parmantier E, McMahon AP et al.: Schwann cell-derived desert Hedgehog signals nerve sheath formation. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 883, 196-202 (1999).
    • (1999) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.883 , pp. 196-202
    • Mirsky, R.1    Parmantier, E.2    McMahon, A.P.3
  • 150
    • 0033754159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel mutation of desert Hedgehog in a patient with 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis accompanied by minifascicular neuropathy
    • Umehara F, Tate G, Itoh K et al.: A novel mutation of desert Hedgehog in a patient with 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis accompanied by minifascicular neuropathy. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67, 1302-1305 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.67 , pp. 1302-1305
    • Umehara, F.1    Tate, G.2    Itoh, K.3
  • 151
  • 152
    • 0035823004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argosomes: A potential vehicle for the spread of morphogens through epithelia
    • Greco V, Hannus M, Eaton S: Argosomes: a potential vehicle for the spread of morphogens through epithelia. Cell 106, 633-645 (2001).
    • (2001) Cell , vol.106 , pp. 633-645
    • Greco, V.1    Hannus, M.2    Eaton, S.3
  • 153
    • 0034889594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Alzheimer-related gene presenilin-1 facilitates sonic Hedgehog expression in Xenopus primary neurogenesis
    • Paganelli AR, Ocana OH, Prat MI et al.: The Alzheimer-related gene presenilin-1 facilitates sonic Hedgehog expression in Xenopus primary neurogenesis. Mech. Devel. 107, 119-131 (2001).
    • (2001) Mech. Devel. , vol.107 , pp. 119-131
    • Paganelli, A.R.1    Ocana, O.H.2    Prat, M.I.3
  • 154
    • 0035344676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extracellular matrix in multiple sclerosis: An update
    • Sobel RA: The extracellular matrix in multiple sclerosis: an update. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 34, 603-609 (2001).
    • (2001) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 603-609
    • Sobel, R.A.1
  • 155
    • 0034053120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of multiple exostoses: Mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes
    • Wuyts W, Van Hul W: Molecular basis of multiple exostoses: mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes. Hum. Mutat. 15, 220-227 (2000).
    • (2000) Hum. Mutat. , vol.15 , pp. 220-227
    • Wuyts, W.1    Van Hul, W.2
  • 156
    • 0032231459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the human sterol delta7-reductase gene at 11q12-13 cause Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Wassif CA, Maslen C, Kachilele-Linjewile S et al.: Mutations in the human sterol delta7-reductase gene at 11q12-13 cause Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63, 55-62 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.63 , pp. 55-62
    • Wassif, C.A.1    Maslen, C.2    Kachilele-Linjewile, S.3
  • 157
    • 0032231706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is caused by mutations in the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene
    • Waterham HR, Wijburg FA, Hennekam RC et al.: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is caused by mutations in the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63, 329-338 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.63 , pp. 329-338
    • Waterham, H.R.1    Wijburg, F.A.2    Hennekam, R.C.3
  • 158
    • 0032780648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The patched signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and development: Lessons from animal models
    • Hahn H, Wojnowski L, Miller G et al.: The patched signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and development: lessons from animal models. J. Mol. Med. 77, 459-468 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Mol. Med. , vol.77 , pp. 459-468
    • Hahn, H.1    Wojnowski, L.2    Miller, G.3
  • 159
    • 0031913524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activating Smoothened mutations in sporadic basal-cell carcinoma
    • Xie J, Murone M, Luoh SM et al.: Activating Smoothened mutations in sporadic basal-cell carcinoma. Nature 391, 90-92 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 90-92
    • Xie, J.1    Murone, M.2    Luoh, S.M.3
  • 160
    • 0032080853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missense mutations in SMOH in sporadic basal cell carcinomas of the skin and primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system
    • Reifenberger J, Wolter M, Weber RG et al.: Missense mutations in SMOH in sporadic basal cell carcinomas of the skin and primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. Cancer Res. 58, 1798-1803 (1998).
    • (1998) Cancer Res. , vol.58 , pp. 1798-1803
    • Reifenberger, J.1    Wolter, M.2    Weber, R.G.3
  • 161
    • 0033923974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of patched mutations in a collection of Australian basal cell carcinomas
    • Evans T, Boonchai W, Shanley S et al.: The spectrum of patched mutations in a collection of Australian basal cell carcinomas. Hum. Mutat. 16, 43-48 (2000).
    • (2000) Hum. Mutat. , vol.16 , pp. 43-48
    • Evans, T.1    Boonchai, W.2    Shanley, S.3
  • 162
    • 16044363842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the human homologue of Drosophila patched in sporadic basal cell carcinomas
    • Gailani MR, Stahle-Backdahl M, Leffell DJ et al.: The role of the human homologue of Drosophila patched in sporadic basal cell carcinomas. Nat. Genet. 14, 78-81 (1996).
    • (1996) Nat. Genet. , vol.14 , pp. 78-81
    • Gailani, M.R.1    Stahle-Backdahl, M.2    Leffell, D.J.3
  • 163
    • 0029841366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the human homologue of Drosophila patched (PTCH) in basal cell carcinomas and the Gorlin syndrome: Different in vivo mechanisms of PTCH inactivation
    • Unden AB, Holmberg E, Lundh-Rozell B et al.: Mutations in the human homologue of Drosophila patched (PTCH) in basal cell carcinomas and the Gorlin syndrome: different in vivo mechanisms of PTCH inactivation. Cancer Res. 56, 4562-4565 (1996).
    • (1996) Cancer Res. , vol.56 , pp. 4562-4565
    • Unden, A.B.1    Holmberg, E.2    Lundh-Rozell, B.3
  • 164
    • 0030738693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene patched (PTCH) in sporadic basal cell carcinomas of the skin and primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system
    • Wolter M, Reifenberger J, Sommer C et al.: Mutations in the human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene patched (PTCH) in sporadic basal cell carcinomas of the skin and primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. Cancer Res. 57, 2581-2585 (1997).
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 2581-2585
    • Wolter, M.1    Reifenberger, J.2    Sommer, C.3
  • 165
    • 0034443374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTCH gene mutations in odontogenic keratocysts
    • Barreto DC, Gomez RS, Bale AE et al.: PTCH gene mutations in odontogenic keratocysts. J. Dent. Res. 79, 1418-1422 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Dent. Res. , vol.79 , pp. 1418-1422
    • Barreto, D.C.1    Gomez, R.S.2    Bale, A.E.3
  • 166
    • 0035863498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of p53 but not ARF accelerates medulloblastoma in mice heterozygous for patched
    • Wetmore C, Eberhart DE, Curran T: Loss of p53 but not ARF accelerates medulloblastoma in mice heterozygous for patched. Cancer Res. 61, 513-516 (2001).
    • (2001) Cancer Res. , vol.61 , pp. 513-516
    • Wetmore, C.1    Eberhart, D.E.2    Curran, T.3
  • 167
    • 0030913169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medulloblastoma of the desmoplastic variant carry mutations of the human homologue of Drosophila patched
    • Pietsch T, Waha A, Koch A et al.: medulloblastoma of the desmoplastic variant carry mutations of the human homologue of Drosophila patched. Cancer Res. 57, 2085-2088 (1997).
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 2085-2088
    • Pietsch, T.1    Waha, A.2    Koch, A.3
  • 168
    • 0031036694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sporadic medulloblastoma contain PTCH mutations
    • Raffel C, Jenkins RB, Frederick L et al.: Sporadic medulloblastoma contain PTCH mutations. Cancer Res. 57, 842-845 (1997).
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 842-845
    • Raffel, C.1    Jenkins, R.B.2    Frederick, L.3
  • 169
    • 0030874617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutations in the human homologue of Drosophila patched in primitive neuroectodermal tumors
    • Vorechovsky I, Tingby O, Hartman M et al.: Somatic mutations in the human homologue of Drosophila patched in primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Oncogene 15, 361-366 (1997).
    • (1997) Oncogene , vol.15 , pp. 361-366
    • Vorechovsky, I.1    Tingby, O.2    Hartman, M.3
  • 170
    • 15644373337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of the PATCHED gene in several types of sporadic extracutaneous tumors
    • Xie J, Johnson RL, Zhang X et al.: Mutations of the PATCHED gene in several types of sporadic extracutaneous tumors. Cancer Res. 57, 2369-2372 (1997).
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 2369-2372
    • Xie, J.1    Johnson, R.L.2    Zhang, X.3
  • 171
    • 0035050910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTCH mutations in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
    • Ping XL, Ratner D, Zhang H et al.: PTCH mutations in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. J. Invest Dermatol. 116, 614-616 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.116 , pp. 614-616
    • Ping, X.L.1    Ratner, D.2    Zhang, H.3
  • 172
    • 0031881427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the human homologue of the Drosophila patched gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
    • Maesawa C, Tamura G, Iwaya T et al.: Mutations in the human homologue of the Drosophila patched gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes. Cancer 21, 276-279 (1998).
    • (1998) Genes Chromosomes Cancer , vol.21 , pp. 276-279
    • Maesawa, C.1    Tamura, G.2    Iwaya, T.3
  • 173
    • 0032480249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTCH gene mutations in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
    • McGarvey TW, Maruta Y, Tomaszewski JE et al.: PTCH gene mutations in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Oncogene 17, 1167-1172 (1998).
    • (1998) Oncogene , vol.17 , pp. 1167-1172
    • McGarvey, T.W.1    Maruta, Y.2    Tomaszewski, J.E.3
  • 174
    • 1842330252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichoepitheliomas contain somatic mutations in the overexpressed PTCH gene: Support for a gatekeeper mechanism in skin tumorigenesis
    • Vorechovsky I, Unden AB, Sandstedt B et al.: Trichoepitheliomas contain somatic mutations in the overexpressed PTCH gene: support for a gatekeeper mechanism in skin tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 57, 4677-4681 (1997).
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 4677-4681
    • Vorechovsky, I.1    Unden, A.B.2    Sandstedt, B.3
  • 175
    • 0037351887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The patched polymorphism Pro1315Leu (C3944T) may modulate the association between use of oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk
    • Chang-Claude J, Dunning A, Schnitzbauer U et al.: The patched polymorphism Pro1315Leu (C3944T) may modulate the association between use of oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk. Int. J. Cancer 103, 779-783 (2003).
    • (2003) Int. J. Cancer , vol.103 , pp. 779-783
    • Chang-Claude, J.1    Dunning, A.2    Schnitzbauer, U.3
  • 176
    • 0345517109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The patched/Hedgehog/smoothened signaling pathway in human breast cancer: No evidence for H133Y SHH, PTCH and SMO mutations
    • Vorechovsky I, Benediktsson KP, Toftgard R: The patched/Hedgehog/smoothened signaling pathway in human breast cancer: no evidence for H133Y SHH, PTCH and SMO mutations. Eur. J. Cancer 35, 711-713 (1999).
    • (1999) Eur. J. Cancer , vol.35 , pp. 711-713
    • Vorechovsky, I.1    Benediktsson, K.P.2    Toftgard, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.