메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 133-143

Pattern formation: Old models out on a limb

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 2; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; PROTEIN; SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GLI3; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0037306472     PISSN: 14710056     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrg1001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (221)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 84924843883 scopus 로고
    • The proximo-distal sequence of origin of the parts of the chick wing and the role of the ectoderm
    • Saunders, J. W. Jr. The proximo-distal sequence of origin of the parts of the chick wing and the role of the ectoderm. J. Exp. Zool. 108, 363-403 (1948).
    • (1948) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.108 , pp. 363-403
    • Saunders J.W., Jr.1
  • 2
    • 0016309037 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative analysis of the effect of excision of the AER from the chick limb-bud
    • Summerbell, D. A quantitative analysis of the effect of excision of the AER from the chick limb-bud. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 32, 651-660 (1974).
    • (1974) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.32 , pp. 651-660
    • Summerbell, D.1
  • 3
    • 0015339345 scopus 로고
    • Ectodermal-mesodermal interactions in the growth of limb buds in the chick embryo: Constancy and temporal limits of the ectodermal induction
    • Rubin, L. & Saunders, J. W. J. Ectodermal-mesodermal interactions in the growth of limb buds in the chick embryo: constancy and temporal limits of the ectodermal induction. Dev Biol. 28, 94-112 (1972).
    • (1972) Dev Biol. , vol.28 , pp. 94-112
    • Rubin, L.1    Saunders, J.W.J.2
  • 4
    • 0027436330 scopus 로고
    • FGF-4 replaces the apical ectodermal ridge and direct outgrowth and patterning of the limb
    • Niswander, L. et al. FGF-4 replaces the apical ectodermal ridge and direct outgrowth and patterning of the limb. Cell 75, 579-587 (1993).
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 579-587
    • Niswander, L.1
  • 5
    • 0028266824 scopus 로고
    • FGF-2: Apical ectodermal ridge growth signal for chick limb development
    • Fallon, J. F. et al. FGF-2: apical ectodermal ridge growth signal for chick limb development. Science 264, 104-107 (1994).
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 104-107
    • Fallon, J.F.1
  • 6
    • 0036682468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of FGF signalling from the apical ectodermal ridge in limb development
    • Sun, X., Mariani, F. V. & Martin, G. R. Functions of FGF signalling from the apical ectodermal ridge in limb development. Nature 418, 501-508 (2002). Conditional gene targeting of mouse Fgf4 and Fgf8 in the AER shows that these genes are required for limb development. The corresponding proteins regulate the number of limb mesenchyme cells and, in the absence of Fgf4/8, no limb forms.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 501-508
    • Sun, X.1    Mariani, F.V.2    Martin, G.R.3
  • 8
    • 0019364692 scopus 로고
    • The number of polarizing region cells required to specify additional digits in the developing chick wing
    • Tickle, C. The number of polarizing region cells required to specify additional digits in the developing chick wing Nature 289, 295-298 (1981).
    • (1981) Nature , vol.289 , pp. 295-298
    • Tickle, C.1
  • 9
    • 0020316590 scopus 로고
    • Local application of retinoic acid to the limb bud mimics the action of the polarizing region
    • Tickle, C. et al. Local application of retinoic acid to the limb bud mimics the action of the polarizing region. Nature 296, 564-565 (1982).
    • (1982) Nature , vol.296 , pp. 564-565
    • Tickle, C.1
  • 10
    • 0028171254 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between retinoic acid and sonic hedgehog, two polarizing signals in the chick wing bud
    • Helms, J., Thaller, C. & Eichele, G. Relationship between retinoic acid and sonic hedgehog, two polarizing signals in the chick wing bud. Development 120, 3267-3274 (1994).
    • (1994) Development , vol.120 , pp. 3267-3274
    • Helms, J.1    Thaller, C.2    Eichele, G.3
  • 11
    • 0029938844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinoic acid signaling is required during early chick limb development
    • Helms, J. A. et al. Retinoic acid signaling is required during early chick limb development. Development 122, 1385-1394 (1996).
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 1385-1394
    • Helms, J.A.1
  • 12
    • 0030250586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinoic acid is required for the initiation of outgrowth in the chick limb bud
    • Stratford, T. Horton, C. & Maden, M. Retinoic acid is required for the initiation of outgrowth in the chick limb bud. Curr Biol. 6, 1124-1133 (1996).
    • (1996) Curr Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 1124-1133
    • Stratford, T.1    Horton, C.2    Maden, M.3
  • 13
    • 0031000392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinoid signaling is required for the establishment of a ZPA and for the expression of Hoxb-8, a mediator of ZPA formation
    • Lu, H.-C. et al. Retinoid signaling is required for the establishment of a ZPA and for the expression of Hoxb-8, a mediator of ZPA formation. Development 124, 1643-1651 (1997).
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 1643-1651
    • Lu, H.-C.1
  • 14
    • 0036678603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
    • Niederreither, K. et al. Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse. Development 129, 3563-3574 (2002).
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 3563-3574
    • Niederreither, K.1
  • 15
    • 0027760995 scopus 로고
    • Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA
    • Riddle, R. D. et al. Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA Cell 76, 1401-1416 (1993).
    • (1993) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 1401-1416
    • Riddle, R.D.1
  • 16
    • 0035881926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manifestation of the limb prepattern: Limb development in the absence of sonic hedgehog function
    • Chiang, C. et al. Manifestation of the limb prepattern: limb development in the absence of sonic hedgehog function. Dev. Biol. 236, 421-435 (2001).
    • (2001) Dev. Biol. , vol.236 , pp. 421-435
    • Chiang, C.1
  • 18
    • 0037326674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chick oligozeugodactyly (ozd) mutant lacks sonic hedgehog function in the limb
    • Ros, M. A. et al. The chick oligozeugodactyly (ozd) mutant lacks sonic hedgehog function in the limb Development 130, 527-537 (2003)
    • (2003) Development , vol.130 , pp. 527-537
    • Ros, M.A.1
  • 19
    • 0024344580 scopus 로고
    • Transfer of dorsoventral information from mesoderm to ectoderm at the onset of limb development
    • Geduspan, J. S. & MacCabe, J. A. Transfer of dorsoventral information from mesoderm to ectoderm at the onset of limb development. Anat. Rec. 224, 79-87 (1989)
    • (1989) Anat. Rec. , vol.224 , pp. 79-87
    • Geduspan, J.S.1    MacCabe, J.A.2
  • 20
    • 0016197076 scopus 로고
    • Ectodermal control of the dorsoventral axis in the leg bud of the chick embryo
    • MacCabe, J. A., Errick, J. & Saunders, J. W Ectodermal control of the dorsoventral axis in the leg bud of the chick embryo. Dev. Biol. 39, 69-82 (1974).
    • (1974) Dev. Biol. , vol.39 , pp. 69-82
    • MacCabe, J.A.1    Errick, J.2    Saunders, J.W.3
  • 21
    • 0032931154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorsoventral patterning of the vertebrate limb: A process governed by multiple events
    • Chen, H. & Johnson, R. L. Dorsoventral patterning of the vertebrate limb: a process governed by multiple events. Cell Tissue Res. 296, 67-73 (1999).
    • (1999) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.296 , pp. 67-73
    • Chen, H.1    Johnson, R.L.2
  • 22
    • 0035204194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMPR-IA signaling is required for the formation of the apical ectodermal ridge and dorsal/ventral patterning of the limb
    • Ahn, K. et al. BMPR-IA signaling is required for the formation of the apical ectodermal ridge and dorsal/ventral patterning of the limb. Development 128, 4449-4461 (2001).
    • (2001) Development , vol.128 , pp. 4449-4461
    • Ahn, K.1
  • 23
    • 0035199029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMP controls proximodistal outgrowth, via induction of the apical ectodermal ridge, and dorsoventral patterning in the vertebrate limb
    • Pizette, S., Abate-Shen, C. & Niswander, L. BMP controls proximodistal outgrowth, via induction of the apical ectodermal ridge, and dorsoventral patterning in the vertebrate limb Development 128, 4463-4474 (2001).
    • (2001) Development , vol.128 , pp. 4463-4474
    • Pizette, S.1    Abate-Shen, C.2    Niswander, L.3
  • 24
    • 0036433866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interplay between the molecular signals that control vertebrate limb development
    • Niswander, L. Interplay between the molecular signals that control vertebrate limb development, Int. J. Dev. Biol. 46, 877-881 (2002).
    • (2002) Int. J. Dev. Biol. , vol.46 , pp. 877-881
    • Niswander, L.1
  • 25
    • 0028569704 scopus 로고
    • Sonic hedgehog and Fgf-4 act through a signaling cascade and feedback loop to integrate growth and patterning of the developing limb bud
    • Laufer, E. et al. Sonic hedgehog and Fgf-4 act through a signaling cascade and feedback loop to integrate growth and patterning of the developing limb bud. Cell 79, 993-1003 (1994).
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 993-1003
    • Laufer, E.1
  • 26
    • 0028149891 scopus 로고
    • Positive feedback loop coordinates growth and patterning in the vertebrate limb
    • Niswander, L. et al. Positive feedback loop coordinates growth and patterning in the vertebrate limb Nature 371, 609-612 (1994).
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 609-612
    • Niswander, L.1
  • 27
    • 0036682108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A re-examination of proximodistal patterning during vertebrate limb development
    • Dudley, A. T. Ros, M. A. & Tabin, C. J. A re-examination of proximodistal patterning during vertebrate limb development, Nature 418, 539-544 (2002). The authors provide a fate map of the early embryonic chick limb that indicates that the Pr-D fates are stratified in the limb bud. They provide experimental evidence that cell survival and proliferation are greatly affected by removal of the AER at early and late stages, respectively.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 539-544
    • Dudley, A.T.1    Ros, M.A.2    Tabin, C.J.3
  • 28
    • 0041030051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal relay by BMP antagonism controls the SHH/FGF 4 feedback loop in vertebrate limb buds
    • Zúñiga, A. et al. Signal relay by BMP antagonism controls the SHH/FGF4 feedback loop in vertebrate limb buds Nature 401, 598-602 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 598-602
    • Zúñiga, A.1
  • 29
    • 0033042804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMPs negatively regulate structure and function of the limb apical ectodermal ridge
    • Pizette, S. & Niswander, L. BMPs negatively regulate structure and function of the limb apical ectodermal ridge Development 126, 883-894 (1999).
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 883-894
    • Pizette, S.1    Niswander, L.2
  • 30
    • 0037083760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutual genetic antagonism involving GLI3 and dHAND prepatterns the vertebrate limb bud mesenchyme prior to SHH signaling
    • te Welscher, P. et al. Mutual genetic antagonism involving GLI3 and dHAND prepatterns the vertebrate limb bud mesenchyme prior to SHH signaling, Genes Dev. 16, 421-426 (2002)
    • (2002) Genes Dev. , vol.16 , pp. 421-426
    • Te Welscher, P.1
  • 31
    • 0028951117 scopus 로고
    • Dorsalizing signal Wnt-7a required for normal polarity of D-V and A-P axes of mouse limb
    • Parr, B. A. & McMahon, A. P. Dorsalizing signal Wnt-7a required for normal polarity of D-V and A-P axes of mouse limb, Nature 374, 350-353 (1995).
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 350-353
    • Parr, B.A.1    McMahon, A.P.2
  • 32
    • 0028930947 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between the signaling molecules WNT7a and SHH during vertebrate limb development: Dorsal signals regulate anteroposterior patterning
    • Yang, Y, and Niswander. L. Interaction between the signaling molecules WNT7a and SHH during vertebrate limb development: dorsal signals regulate anteroposterior patterning. Cell 80, 939-947 (1995).
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 939-947
    • Yang, Y.1    Niswander, L.2
  • 33
    • 84961056553 scopus 로고
    • Rôle inducteur du mésoderme dans la differenciation précoce du bourgeon de membre chez l'embryon de Poulet
    • Kieny, M. Rôle inducteur du mésoderme dans la differenciation précoce du bourgeon de membre chez l'embryon de Poulet. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 8, 457-467 (1960).
    • (1960) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.8 , pp. 457-467
    • Kieny, M.1
  • 34
    • 0014347205 scopus 로고
    • Variation de la capacité inductrice du mésoderme et de la competénce de l'ectoderme au cours de l'induction primaire du bourgeon de membre, chez l'embryon de Poulet
    • Kieny, M. Variation de la capacité inductrice du mésoderme et de la competénce de l'ectoderme au cours de l'induction primaire du bourgeon de membre, chez l'embryon de Poulet. Arch. Anat. Microsc. Morphol. Exp. 57, 401-418 (1968).
    • (1968) Arch. Anat. Microsc. Morphol. Exp. , vol.57 , pp. 401-418
    • Kieny, M.1
  • 35
    • 0035937421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WNT signals control FGF-dependent limb initiation and AER induction in the chick embryo
    • Kawakami, Y. et al. WNT signals control FGF-dependent limb initiation and AER induction in the chick embryo. Cell 104, 891-900 (2001).
    • (2001) Cell , vol.104 , pp. 891-900
    • Kawakami, Y.1
  • 36
    • 0028946304 scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factors induce additional limb development from the flank of chick embryos
    • Cohn, M. J. et al. Fibroblast growth factors induce additional limb development from the flank of chick embryos. Cell 80, 739-746(1995).
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 739-746
    • Cohn, M.J.1
  • 37
    • 0032532479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fgf-10 is required for both limb and lung development and exhibits striking functional similarity to Drosophila branchless
    • Min, H. et al. Fgf-10 is required for both limb and lung development and exhibits striking functional similarity to Drosophila branchless. Genes Dev. 12, 3156-3161 (1998).
    • (1998) Genes Dev. , vol.12 , pp. 3156-3161
    • Min, H.1
  • 38
    • 0032947346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fgfl 0 is essential for limb and lung formation
    • Sekine, K. et al. Fgfl0 is essential for limb and lung formation. Nature Genet. 21, 138-141 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 138-141
    • Sekine, K.1
  • 39
    • 0030790518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mesenchymal factor, FGF10, initiates and maintains the outgrowth of the chick limb bud through interaction with FGF8, an apical ectodermal factor
    • Ohuchi, H. et al. The mesenchymal factor, FGF10, initiates and maintains the outgrowth of the chick limb bud through interaction with FGF8, an apical ectodermal factor. Development 124, 2235-2244 (1997).
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 2235-2244
    • Ohuchi, H.1
  • 40
    • 0032557302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct WNT pathways regulating AER formation and dorsoventral polarity in the chick limb bud
    • Kengaku, M. et al. Distinct WNT pathways regulating AER formation and dorsoventral polarity in the chick limb bud. Science 280, 1274-1277 (1998).
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1274-1277
    • Kengaku, M.1
  • 41
    • 0015803611 scopus 로고
    • Positional information in chick limb morphogenesis
    • Summerbell, D., Lewis, J. H. & Wolpert, L. Positional information in chick limb morphogenesis Nature 224, 492-496 (1973). The paper in which the progress zone model was proposed. According to this model, the distal (progress zone) mesenchyme undergoes progressive changes in specification from proximal to distal, under the influence of the AER.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.224 , pp. 492-496
    • Summerbell, D.1    Lewis, J.H.2    Wolpert, L.3
  • 42
    • 0036682332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental biology: Making progress with limb models
    • Duboule, D. Developmental biology: making progress with limb models. Nature Cell Biol. 418, 492-493 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Cell Biol. , vol.418 , pp. 492-493
    • Duboule, D.1
  • 43
    • 0036712648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The progress zone - Alive or dead?
    • Tickle, C. & Wolpert, L. The progress zone - alive or dead? Nature Cell Biol. 4, E216-E217 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Cell Biol. , vol.4
    • Tickle, C.1    Wolpert, L.2
  • 44
    • 0037125955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limb patterning: Reports of model's death exaggerated
    • Wolpert, L. Limb patterning: reports of model's death exaggerated. Curt Biol. 12, R628-R630 (2002).
    • (2002) Curt Biol. , vol.12
    • Wolpert, L.1
  • 45
    • 0015041703 scopus 로고
    • Effect of removal of the apical ectodermal ridge on the rate of cell division in the subridge mesenchyme of the embryonic chick wing
    • Janners, M. Y. & Searls, R. L. Effect of removal of the apical ectodermal ridge on the rate of cell division in the subridge mesenchyme of the embryonic chick wing. Dev. Biol. 24, 465-476 (1971).
    • (1971) Dev. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 465-476
    • Janners, M.Y.1    Searls, R.L.2
  • 46
    • 0020324086 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal patterns of cell death in limb bud mesoderm after apical ectodermal ridge removal
    • Rowe, D. A. Cairns, J. M. & Fallon, J. F. Spatial and temporal patterns of cell death in limb bud mesoderm after apical ectodermal ridge removal. Dev. Biol. 93, 83-91 (1982).
    • (1982) Dev. Biol. , vol.93 , pp. 83-91
    • Rowe, D.A.1    Cairns, J.M.2    Fallon, J.F.3
  • 47
    • 0030925595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell fate in the chick limb bud and relationship to gene expression
    • Vargesson, N. et al. Cell fate in the chick limb bud and relationship to gene expression. Development 124, 1909-1918 (1997).
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 1909-1918
    • Vargesson, N.1
  • 48
    • 0034698302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interdigital regulation of digit identity and homeotic transformation by modulated BMP signaling
    • Dahn, R D. & Fallon, J. F. Interdigital regulation of digit identity and homeotic transformation by modulated BMP signaling. Science 289, 438-441 (2000).
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 438-441
    • Dahn, R.D.1    Fallon, J.F.2
  • 49
    • 0033673531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fgf8 signaling from the AER is essential for normal limb development
    • Lewandowski, M., Sun, X. & Martin, G. R. Fgf8 signaling from the AER is essential for normal limb development. Nature Genet. 26, 460-463 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Genet. , vol.26 , pp. 460-463
    • Lewandowski, M.1    Sun, X.2    Martin, G.R.3
  • 50
    • 0033662330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fgf8 is required for outgrowth and patterning of the limbs
    • Moon, A. M. & Capecchi, M R. Fgf8 is required for outgrowth and patterning of the limbs. Nature Genet. 26, 455-469 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Genet. , vol.26 , pp. 455-469
    • Moon, A.M.1    Capecchi, M.R.2
  • 51
    • 0017169102 scopus 로고
    • Régulation des excédents dans le developpement du bourgeon de membre de l'embryon d'oiseau. Analyse expérimentale de combinaisons xenoplastiques caille/poulet
    • 52
    • Kieny, M. & Pautou, M. P. Régulation des excédents dans le developpement du bourgeon de membre de l'embryon d'oiseau. Analyse expérimentale de combinaisons xenoplastiques caille/poulet. Wilhelm Roux Arch. EntwMech. Org 179, 327-338 (1976).52.
    • (1976) Wilhelm Roux Arch. EntwMech. Org. , vol.179 , pp. 327-338
    • Kieny, M.1    Pautou, M.P.2
  • 52
    • 84961050849 scopus 로고
    • Contribution a l'étude du dévelopment et de la régulation des deficiences et des excédents dans la patte de l'embryon de Poulet
    • Hampé, A Contribution a l'étude du dévelopment et de la régulation des deficiences et des excédents dans la patte de l'embryon de Poulet. Arch. Anat. Micr. Morph. Exp. 48, 345-478 (1959).
    • (1959) Arch. Anat. Micr. Morph. Exp. , vol.48 , pp. 345-478
    • Hampé, A.1
  • 53
    • 0013774143 scopus 로고
    • On the regulative capacity of the chick embryo limb bud
    • Barasa, A. On the regulative capacity of the chick embryo limb bud Experientia 20, 443 (1964).
    • (1964) Experientia , vol.20 , pp. 443
    • Barasa, A.1
  • 54
    • 0028351431 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of HoxD expression domain during pattern regulation in chick wing buds
    • Hayamizu, T F. et al. Regeneration of HoxD expression domains during pattern regulation in chick wing buds. Dev. Biol. 161, 504-512 (1994).
    • (1994) Dev. Biol. , vol.161 , pp. 504-512
    • Hayamizu, T.F.1
  • 55
    • 0029887958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Regeneration' of wing bud stumps of chick embryos and reactivation of Msx-1 and Shh expression in response to FGF-4 and ridge signals
    • Kostakopoulou, K. et al. 'Regeneration' of wing bud stumps of chick embryos and reactivation of Msx-1 and Shh expression in response to FGF-4 and ridge signals. Mech. Dev. 55, 119-131 (1996).
    • (1996) Mech. Dev. , vol.55 , pp. 119-131
    • Kostakopoulou, K.1
  • 56
    • 0014845313 scopus 로고
    • Changes in rate of cellular proliferation during the differentiation of cartilage and muscle in the mesenchyme of the embryonic chick wing
    • Janners, M. Y. & Searls, R. L. Changes in rate of cellular proliferation during the differentiation of cartilage and muscle in the mesenchyme of the embryonic chick wing. Dev. Biol. 23, 136-165 (1970).
    • (1970) Dev. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 136-165
    • Janners, M.Y.1    Searls, R.L.2
  • 57
    • 0033566051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell migration and chick limb development: Chemotactic action of FGF-4 and the AER
    • Li, S. & Muneoka, K. Cell migration and chick limb development: chemotactic action of FGF-4 and the AER Dev. Biol. 211, 335-347 (1999).
    • (1999) Dev. Biol. , vol.211 , pp. 335-347
    • Li, S.1    Muneoka, K.2
  • 58
    • 0033565746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of Fgf8 causes failure of cell migration in the gastrulating mouse embryo
    • Sun, X. et al. Targeted disruption of Fgf8 causes failure of cell migration in the gastrulating mouse embryo. Genes Dev. 13, 1834-1846 (1999).
    • (1999) Genes Dev. , vol.13 , pp. 1834-1846
    • Sun, X.1
  • 59
    • 0036746709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell movement patterns during gastrulation in the chick are controlled by positive and negative chemotaxis mediated by FGF 4 and FGF8
    • Yang, X. et al. Cell movement patterns during gastrulation in the chick are controlled by positive and negative chemotaxis mediated by FGF4 and FGF8 Dev. Cell 3, 425-437 (2002).
    • (2002) Dev. Cell , vol.3 , pp. 425-437
    • Yang, X.1
  • 60
    • 0018656951 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cell killing by X-irradiation on pattern formation in the chick limb
    • Wolpert, L., Tickle, C. & Sampford, M. The effect of cell killing by X-irradiation on pattern formation in the chick limb. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 50, 175-198 (1979).
    • (1979) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.50 , pp. 175-198
    • Wolpert, L.1    Tickle, C.2    Sampford, M.3
  • 61
    • 0034109160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal limb development in conditional mutants of Fgf 4
    • Moon, A. M., Boulet, A. M. & Capecchi, M. R. Normal limb development in conditional mutants of Fgf4. Development 127, 989-996 (2000).
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 989-996
    • Moon, A.M.1    Boulet, A.M.2    Capecchi, M.R.3
  • 62
    • 0034103657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional inactivation of Fgf 4 reveals complexity of signalling during limb bud development
    • Sun, X. et al. Conditional inactivation of Fgf4 reveals complexity of signalling during limb bud development. Nature Genet. 25, 83-86 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Genet. , vol.25 , pp. 83-86
    • Sun, X.1
  • 63
    • 0037174679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of vertebrate limb development through SHH-mediated couteraction of GLI3
    • te Welscher, P. et al. Progression of vertebrate limb development through SHH-mediated couteraction of GLI3. Science 298, 827-830 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 827-830
    • Te Welscher, P.1
  • 64
    • 0037194765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shh and Gli3 are dispensable for limb skeleton formation but regulate digit number and identity
    • -/- limbs have many unpatterned digits. It is suggested that Shh and Gli3 act to restrict digit, forming potential and to positively control digit identity.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 979-983
    • Litingtung, Y.1
  • 65
    • 0016609565 scopus 로고
    • Positional signalling and specification of digits in chick limb morphogenesis
    • Tickle, C., Summerbell, D. & Wolpert, L. Positional signalling and specification of digits in chick limb morphogenesis. Nature 254, 199-202 (1975).
    • (1975) Nature , vol.254 , pp. 199-202
    • Tickle, C.1    Summerbell, D.2    Wolpert, L.3
  • 66
    • 0035577854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog signaling in animal development: Paradigms and principles
    • Ingham, P. W. & McMahon, A. P. Hedgehog signaling in animal development: paradigms and principles. Genes Dev. 15, 3059-3087 (2001).
    • (2001) Genes Dev. , vol.15 , pp. 3059-3087
    • Ingham, P.W.1    McMahon, A.P.2
  • 67
    • 9844220298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between dose, distance and time in Sonic Hedgehog-mediated regulation of anteroposterior Polarity in the chick limb
    • Yang, Y. et al. Relationship between dose, distance and time in Sonic Hedgehog-mediated regulation of anteroposterior Polarity in the chick limb. Development 124, 4393-4404 (1997).
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 4393-4404
    • Yang, Y.1
  • 68
    • 0035368725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol modification of sonic hedgehog is required for long-range signaling activity and effective modulation of signaling by Ptc1
    • Lewis, P. M. et al. Cholesterol modification of sonic hedgehog is required for long-range signaling activity and effective modulation of signaling by Ptc1. Cell 105, 599-612 (2001).
    • (2001) Cell , vol.105 , pp. 599-612
    • Lewis, P.M.1
  • 69
    • 0034055649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation
    • Park, H. L. et al Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation Development 127, 1593-1605 (2000).
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 1593-1605
    • Park, H.L.1
  • 70
    • 0036801765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gli2, but not Gli1, is required for initial Shh signaling and ectopic activation of the Shh pathway
    • Bai, C. B. et al. Gli2, but not Gli1, is required for initial Shh signaling and ectopic activation of the Shh pathway. Development 129, 4753-4761 (2002).
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 4753-4761
    • Bai, C.B.1
  • 71
    • 0027478216 scopus 로고
    • A mouse model of grieg cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome: The extra-toes mutation contains an intragenic deletion of the Gli3 gene
    • Hui, C. C. & Joyner, A. L. A mouse model of grieg cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome: the extra-toes mutation contains an intragenic deletion of the Gli3 gene. Nature Genet. 3, 241-246 (1993).
    • (1993) Nature Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 241-246
    • Hui, C.C.1    Joyner, A.L.2
  • 72
    • 0031020221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific and redundant functions of Gli2 and Gli3 zinc finger genes in skeletal patterning and development
    • Mo, R et al. Specific and redundant functions of Gli2 and Gli3 zinc finger genes in skeletal patterning and development. Development 124, 113-123 (1997).
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 113-123
    • Mo, R.1
  • 73
    • 0036434131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse GLI3 regulates Fgf8 expression and apoptosis in the developing neural tube, face, and limb bud
    • Aoto, K. et al. Mouse GLI3 regulates Fgf8 expression and apoptosis in the developing neural tube, face, and limb bud Dev. Biol 251, 320-332 (2002).
    • (2002) Dev. Biol. , vol.251 , pp. 320-332
    • Aoto, K.1
  • 74
    • 0020403188 scopus 로고
    • The mouse mutant limb-deformity (Id)
    • Kleinebrecht, J., Selow, J. & Winkler, W. The mouse mutant limb-deformity (Id). Anat. Anz 152, 313-324 (1982).
    • (1982) Anat. Anz. , vol.152 , pp. 313-324
    • Kleinebrecht, J.1    Selow, J.2    Winkler, W.3
  • 75
    • 0022366933 scopus 로고
    • An inherited limb deformity created by insertional mutagenesis in a transgenic mouse
    • Woychik, R. P. et al. An inherited limb deformity created by insertional mutagenesis in a transgenic mouse Nature 318, 36-40 (1985).
    • (1985) Nature , vol.318 , pp. 36-40
    • Woychik, R.P.1
  • 76
    • 0030782397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polydactyly and ecotpic ZPA formation in Alx-4 mutant mice
    • Qu, S. et al. Polydactyly and ecotpic ZPA formation in Alx-4 mutant mice. Development 124, 3999-4008 (1997).
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 3999-4008
    • Qu, S.1
  • 77
    • 0035849901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rab23 is an essential negative regulator of the mouse Sonic hedgehog signalling pathway
    • Eggenschwiler, J. T. Espinoza, E. & Anderson, K. V Rab23 is an essential negative regulator of the mouse Sonic hedgehog signalling pathway. Nature 412, 194-198 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 194-198
    • Eggenschwiler, J.T.1    Espinoza, E.2    Anderson, K.V.3
  • 78
    • 0012885988 scopus 로고
    • (eds Ede, D. A., Hinchliffe, J. R. & Balls, M.) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK)
    • Hinchliffe, J. R. in Vertebrate Limb and Somite Morphogenesis (eds Ede, D. A., Hinchliffe, J. R. & Balls, M.) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1977).
    • (1977) Vertebrate Limb and Somite Morphogenesis
    • Hinchliffe, J.R.1
  • 79
    • 0030725130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorso-ventral ectodermal compartments and origin of apical ectodermal ridge in developing chick limb
    • Altabef, M., Clarke, J. D. W. & Tickle, C. Dorso-ventral ectodermal compartments and origin of apical ectodermal ridge in developing chick limb. Development 124, 4547-4556 (1997).
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 4547-4556
    • Altabef, M.1    Clarke, J.D.W.2    Tickle, C.3
  • 80
    • 0034214414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two lineage boundaries coordinate vertebrate apical ectodermal ridge formation
    • Kimmel, R. A. et al. Two lineage boundaries coordinate vertebrate apical ectodermal ridge formation. Genes Dev. 14, 1377-1389 (2000).
    • (2000) Genes Dev. , vol.14 , pp. 1377-1389
    • Kimmel, R.A.1
  • 81
    • 0034681266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehogregulated processing Of Gli3 produces an anterior/posterior repressor gradient in the developing vertebrate limb
    • Wang, B., Fallon, J. F. & Beachy, P. A. Hedgehogregulated processing Of Gli3 produces an anterior/posterior repressor gradient in the developing vertebrate limb. Cell 100, 423-434 (2000).
    • (2000) Cell , vol.100 , pp. 423-434
    • Wang, B.1    Fallon, J.F.2    Beachy, P.A.3
  • 82
    • 0034043442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bHLH transcription factor dHAND controls Sonic hedgehog expression and establishment of the zone of polarizing activity during limb development
    • Charité, J., McFadden, D. G. & Olson, E. N. The bHLH transcription factor dHAND controls Sonic hedgehog expression and establishment of the zone of polarizing activity during limb development. Development 127, 2461-2470 (2000).
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 2461-2470
    • Charité, J.1    McFadden, D.G.2    Olson, E.N.3
  • 83
    • 0025133515 scopus 로고
    • Tissue patterning in the developing mouse limb
    • Martin, P. Tissue patterning in the developing mouse limb. W. J. Dev. Biol. 34, 323-336 (1990).
    • (1990) W. J. Dev. Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 323-336
    • Martin, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.