Advances in glaucoma therapeutics

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 141-163

  Clark, Abbot F ^a   Pang, Iok Hou ^a  

^a ALCON RESEARCH LTD   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1 METHYL 7 NEOPENTYLXANTHINE; 6 ANILINO 5,8 QUINOLINEQUINONE; 8 ISOPROSTAGLANDIN E2; ACETAZOLAMIDE; ADRENALIN; ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; APRACLONIDINE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETAXOLOL; BETOPTIC S; BIMATOPROST; BRIMONIDINE; BRINZOLAMIDE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CARBACHOL; CARBONATE DEHYDRATASE INHIBITOR; CARTEOLOL; DIPIVEFRINE; DIZOCILPINE; DORZOLAMIDE; ECOTHIOPATE IODIDE; ELIPRODIL; LATANOPROST; LATANOPROST PLUS TIMOLOL MALEATE; LEVOBUNOLOL; MEMANTINE; MIOTIC AGENT; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; PILOCARPINE; PROPANOL; PROSTANOID; SULFONAMIDE; TIMOLOL; TRAVOPROST; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; UNOPROSTONE ISOPROPYL ESTER;

ALLERGY; BLINDNESS; CARDIOTOXICITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG CLASSIFICATION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG STRUCTURE; GLAUCOMA; HUMAN; INTRAOCULAR HYPERTENSION; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; LUNG TOXICITY; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT;

EID: 0036072221     PISSN: 14728214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728214.7.1.141     Document Type: Review

References (264)

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11. Histomorphometric analysis of optic nerve changes in experimental glaucoma
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13. Aqueous humor dynamics in monkeys with laser-induced glaucoma
14. A rat model of chronic pressure-induced optic nerve damage
15. Programmed cell death of retinal ganglion cells during experimental glaucoma
16. Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells by brimonidine in rats with laser-induced chronic ocular hypertension
17. Experimental glaucoma model in the rat induced by laser trabecular photocoagulation after an intracameral injection of India ink
18. Translimbal laser photocoagulation to the trabecular meshwork as a model of glaucoma in rats
19. Long-term non-invasive measurement of intraocular pressure in the rat eye
20. Effect of general anesthetics on IOP in rats with experimental aqueous outflow obstruction
21. Efficacy and safety of memantine, an NMDA-type open-channel blocker, for reduction of retinal injury associated with experimental glaucoma in rat and monkey
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26. Induction of heat shock protein 72 protects retinal ganglion cells in a rat glaucoma model
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35. Essential iris atrophy, pigment dispersion, and glaucoma in DBA/2J mice
36. Experimental induction of retinal ganglion cell death in adult mice
37. Changes in Thy1 gene expression associated with damaged retinal ganglion cells
38. Electroretinographic abnormalities in a rat glaucoma model with chronic elevated intraocular pressure
39. Mutations in genes encoding melanosomal proteins cause pigmentary glaucoma in DBA/2J mice
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42. Prevention of blindness and priorities for the future
43. Number of ganglion cells in glaucoma eyes compared with threshold visual field tests in the same persons
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45. Retinal ganglion cell atrophy correlated with automated perimetry in human eyes with glaucoma
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47. The favorable effect of topical betaxolol and timolol on glaucomatous visual fields: A 2-year follow-up study
48. A comparison of the effects of betaxolol, timolol, and pilocarpine on visual function in patients with open-angle glaucoma
49. Longterm visual field follow-up of glaucoma patients treated with beta-blockers
50. The efficacy and safety of brinzolamide 1% ophthalmic suspension (Azopt) as a primary therapy in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
51. Effect of brinzolamide and dorzolamide on aqueous humor flow in human eyes
52. Adjunctive therapy with brinzolamide 1% ophthalmic suspension (Azopt) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension maintained on timolol therapy
53. Ocular comfort of brinzolamide 1.0% ophthalmic suspension compared with dorzolamide 2.0% ophthalmic solution: Results from two multicenter comfort studies
54. Increased optic nerve head blood flow after 1 week of twice daily topical brinzolamide treatment in Dutch-belted rabbits
55. Comparison of the efficacy of apraclonidine and brimonidine as aqueous suppressants in humans
56. Effects of apraclonidine on aqueous humor dynamics in human eyes
57. Acute versus chronic effects of brimonidine on aqueous humor dynamics in ocular hypertensive patients
58. The mechanism of action of prostaglandins on uveoscleral outflow
59. Increased matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, and 3 in the monkey uveoscleral outflow pathway after topical prostaglandin F(2 alpha)-isopropyl ester treatment
60. Prostaglandin F2 alpha effects on isolated rhesus monkey ciliary muscle
61. Mechanism of action of bimatoprost (Lumigan)
62. The pharmacology of bimatoprost (Lumigan)
63. Bimatoprost: A member of a new class of agents, the prostamides, for glaucoma management
64. Bimatoprost and its free acid are prostaglandin FP receptor agonists
65. Effects of topical application of UF-021, a novel prostaglandin derivative, on aqueous humor dynamics in normal human eyes
66. Isopropyl unoprostone increases the activities of matrix metalloproteinases in cultured monkey ciliary muscle cells
67. Mechanisms of action of unoprostone on trabecular meshwork contractility
68. Studies on receptor binding and signal transduction pathways of unoprostone isopropyl
69. Pharmacology of [3H]prostaglandin E1/[3H]prostaglandin E2 and [3H] prostaglandin F2alpha binding to EP3 and FP prostaglandin receptor binding sites in bovine corpus luteum: Characterization and correlation with functional data
70. Effects of isopropyl unoprostone and latanoprost on melanogenesis in mouse epidermal melanocytes
71. Iris-color change developed after topical isopropyl unoprostone treatment
72. Effect of 8-iso prostaglandin E2 on aqueous humor dynamics in monkeys
73. Therapeutic potential of prostaglandin analogues in glaucoma
74. Around-the-clock intraocular pressure reduction with once-daily application of latanoprost by itself or in combination with timolol
75. Reduction of intraocular pressure with treatment of latanoprost once daily in patients with normal-pressure glaucoma
76. Latanoprost in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension
77. Effects of topical latanoprost on optic nerve head circulation in rabbits, monkeys, and humans
78. Topical latanoprost and optic nerve head and retinal circulation in humans
79. Preclinical efficacy of travoprost, a potent and selective FP prostaglandin receptor agonist
80. Comparison of topical travoprost eye drops given once daily and timolol 0.5% given twice daily in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
81. Travoprost compared with latanoprost and timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
82. Evaluation of travoprost as adjunctive therapy in patients with uncontrolled intraocular pressure while using timolol 0.5%
83. Comparison of once- or twice-daily bimatoprost with twice-daily timolol in patients with elevated IOP: A 3-month clinical trial
84. Efficacy and safety of bimatoprost in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: A 30-day comparison with latanoprost
85. Three-month comparison of bimatoprost and latanoprost in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension
86. Six-month comparison of bimatoprost once-daily and twice-daily with timolol twice-daily in patients with elevated intraocular pressure
87. A randomized double-masked crossover study comparing latanoprost 0.005% with unoprostone 0.12% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
88. Effects of latanoprost and unoprostone when used alone or in combination for open-angle glaucoma
89. A comparison of intraocular pressure-lowering effect of prostaglandin F2-alpha analogues, latanoprost, and unoprostone isopropyl
90. A double-masked, randomized clinical trial comparing latanoprost with unoprostone in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
91. Additive hypothensive effect of isopropyl unoprostone ophthalmic solution
92. Effect of latanoprost or 8-iso prostaglandin E2 alone and in combination on intraocular pressure in glaucomatous monkey eyes
93. Effects of latanoprost on tyrosinase activity and mitotic index of cultured melanoma lines
94. The iris after prostanoid treatment
95. Cystoid macular edema associated with ocular hypotensive lipids
96. In glaucoma, should enthusiasm about neuroprotection be tempered by the experience obtained in other neurodegenerative disorders?
97. New horizons in neuroprotection
98. Relevance of the site of injury of glaucoma to neuroprotective strategies
99. Excitatory mechanisms in retinal ganglion cell death in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)
100. Elevated glutamate levels in the vitreous body of humans and monkeys with glaucoma
101. Vitreous body glutamate concentration in dogs with glaucoma
102. An experimental basis for implicating excitotoxicity in glaucomatous optic neuropathy
103. Molecular basis of glutamate toxicity in retinal ganglion cells
104. Protection by eliprodil against excitotoxicity in cultured rat retinal ganglion cells
105. Neuroprotection in relation to retinal Ischemia and relevance to glaucoma
106. Memantine is neuroprotective in a rat model of pressure-induced retinal Ischemia
107. Memandne reduces alterations to the mammalian retina, in situ, induced by Ischemia
108. Neuroprotective effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in an experimental glaucoma model in the rat
109. Efficacy and safety of memantine, an NMDA-type open-channel blocker, for reduction of retinal injury associated with experimental glaucoma in rat and monkey
110. Neuroprotective effects of eliprodil in retinal excirotoxicity and Ischemia
111. Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists induce basic fibroblast growth factor expression in photoreceptors in vivo and ameliorate light damage
112. Alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonists are neuroprotective in a rat model of optic nerve degeneration
113. Alpha(2)-Adrenoceptor agonists inhibit vitreal glutamate and aspartate accumulation and preserve retinal function after transient Ischemia
114. From the lab to the clinic: Activation of an alpha-2 agonist pathway is neuroprotective in models of retinal and optic nerve injury
115. Neuroprotective effect of alpha(2) agonist (brimonidine) on adult rat retinal ganglion cells after increased intraocular pressure
116. Vitreous concentration of topically applied brimonidine tartrate 0.2%
117. Nitric oxide synthase in the human glaucomatous optic nerve head
118. Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in the optic nerves of rat eyes with chronic moderately elevated intraocular pressure
119. Calcium channel blockers in the management of low-tension and open-angle glaucoma
120. The effect of nimodipine, a centrally active calcium antagonist, on visual function and macular blood flow in patients with normal-tension glaucoma and control subjects
121. Nimodipine, a centrally active calcium antagonist, exerts a beneficial effect on contrast sensitivity in patients with normal-tension glaucoma and in control subjects
122. Effect of betaxolol, timolol and nimodipine on human and pig retinal arterioles
123. + entry blockers
124. Vasorelaxant effects of racemic betaxolol and its R- and S- isomers on bovine retinal vessels
125. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that betaxolol is a retinal neuroprotective agent
126. Retinal ganglion cell dysfunction induced by hypoxia and glummate: Potential neuroprotective effects of beta-blockers
127. Effects of betaxolol on light responses and membrane conductance in retinal ganglion cells
128. Suppressive actions of betaxolol on ionic currents in retinal ganglion cells may explain its neuroprotective effects
129. Betaxolol, a betal-adrenoceptor antagonist, has an affinity for L-type Ca2+ channels
130. Topically applied betaxolol attenuates Ischemia-induced effects to the rat retina and stimulates BDNF mRNA
131. The human eye expresses high levels of CB1 cannabinoid receptor mRNA and protein
132. Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor expression, activation and detection of endogenous ligand in trabecular meshwork and ciliary process tissues
133. Ophthalmic arachidonylethanolamide decreases intraocular pressure in normotensive rabbits
134. A submicron emulsion of HU-211, a synthetic cannabinoid, reduces intraocular pressure in rabbits
135. The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55212-2 decreases the intraocular pressure in human glaucoma resistant to conventional therapies
136. Cytoskeletal involvement in the regulation of aqueous humor outflow
137. Latrunculin-A increases outflow facility in the monkey
138. Latrunculins' effects on intraocular pressure, aqueous humor flow, and corneal endothelium
139. Effect of latrunculin-B on outflow facility in monkeys
140. H-7 disrupts the actin cytoskeleton and increases outflow facility
141. H-7 increases trabecular facility and facility after ciliary muscle disinsertion in monkeys
142. Effects of protein kinase inhibitor, HA1077, on intraocular pressure and outflow facility in rabbit eyes
143. H-7 effects on the structure and fluid conductance of monkey trabecular meshwork
144. Modulation of aqueous humor outflow facility by the Rho kinase-specific inhibitor Y-27632
145. Effects of rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on intraocular pressure and outflow facility
146. Reduction of intraocular pressure by topical administration of an inhibitor of the Rho-associated protein kinase
147. New discoveries on the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in ocular cell biology and pathology
148. Effect of matrix metalloproteinases activity on outflow in perfused human organ culture
149. Effects of Na-K-2CI cotransport regulators on outflow facility in calf and human eyes in vitro
150. Anterior segment physiology after bumetanide inhibition of Na-K-Cl cotransport
151. Detection, quantification, and significance of basic fibroblast growth factor in the aqueous humor of man, cat, dog and pig
152. Human trabecular meshwork cells secrete neurotrophins and express neurotrophin receptors (Trk)
153. Cultured human trabecular meshwork cells express functional growth factor receptors
154. Role of tissue growth factors in aqueous humor homeostasis
155. Human trabecular meshwork cells express the ciliary neurotrophic factor (cntf) tripartite receptor complex
156. Aqueous humor in glaucomatous eyes contains an increased level of TGF- beta 2
157. Hepatocyte growth factor is increased in the aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes
158. Transforming growth factor-beta 2 levels in aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes
159. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces alpha-smooth muscle-actin expression in cultured human and monkey trabecular meshwork
160. Induction of tissue transglutaminase in the trabecular meshwork by TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2
161. ML-7, chelerythrine and phorbol ester increase outflow facility in the monkey Eye
162. Nonsulfhydryl-reactive phenoxyacetic acids increase aqueous humor outflow facility
163. 3D actin structure in normal and glaucomatous outflow pathway
164. Cytoskeletal changes in cultured human glaucoma trabecular meshwork cells
165. The optic nerve head in glaucoma: Role of astrocytes in tissue remodeling
166. Optic nerve head extracellular matrix in primary optic atrophy and experimental glaucoma
167. Increased elastin expression in astrocytes of the lamina ina cribrosa in response to elevated intraocular pressure
168. The effect of chronically elevated intraocular pressure on the rat optic nerve head extracellular matrix
169. Extracellular matrix of the human lamina cribrosa
170. Nitric oxide synthase in the human glaucomatous optic nerve head
171. Activated microglia in the human glaucomatous optic nerve head
172. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha: A potentially neurodestructive cytokine produced by glia in the human glaucomatous optic nerve head
173. Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor necrosis factor alpha in glaucomatous optic nerve head
174. Neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor expression by cells of the human lamina cribrosa
175. Endothelin: Is it a contrubutor to glaucoma pathophysiology?
176. Association of endothelin-1 with normal tension glaucoma: Clinical and fundamental studies
177. Plasma and aqueous humor endothelin levels in primary open-angle glaucoma
178. Optic nerve head astrocytes: A potential target for endothelin-1 in glaucoma
179. Ganglion cell death in glaucoma: Pathology recapitulates ontogeny
180. Neuronal death in glaucoma
181. TUNEL-positive ganglion cells in human primary open-angle glaucoma
182. Apoptotic mechanisms in neurodegeneration: Possible relevance to glaucoma
183. Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma: An update of the molecular pathways involved in cell death
184. Swelling and loss of photoreceptors in chronic human and experimental glaucomas
185. Vitreous amino acid levels in pathients with glaucoma undergoing vitrectomy
186. Identification of a gene that causes primary open angle glaucoma
187. Analysis of myocilin mutations in 1703 glaucoma patients from five different populations
188. Targeted disruption of the Myocilin gene (Myoc) suggests that human glaucoma-causing mutations are gain of function
189. Truncations in the TIGR gene in individuals with and without primary open-angle glaucoma
190. Gene structure and properties of TIGR, an olfactomedin-related glycoprotein cloned from glucocorticoid-induced trabecular meshwork cells
191. Glucocorticoid induction of the glaucoma gene MYOC in human and monkey trabecular meshwork cells and tissues
192. The presence and properties of myocilin in the aqueous humor
193. Non-secretion of mutant proteins of the glaucoma gene myocilin in cultured trabecular meshwork cells and in aqueous humor
194. IOP lowering efficacy of anecortave acetate in rabbit and human glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension
195. Effects of ISV-205 (diclofenac in DuraSite) on corticosteroid-induced IOP response in glaucoma relatives
196. Adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma caused by mutations in optineurin
197. The forkhead transcription factor gene FKHL7 is responsible for glaucoma phenotypes which map to 6p25
198. Mutations of the forkhead/winged-helix gene, FKHL7, in patients with Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly
199. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome in the age of molecular genetics
200. A spectrum of FOXC1 mutations suggests gene dosage as a mechanism for developmental defects of the anterior chamber of the eye
201. Optimal procedure for extracting RNA from human ocular tissues and expression profiling of the congenital glaucoma gene FOXC1 using quantitative RT-PCR
202. Characterization of gene expression in human trabecular meshwork using single-pass sequencing of 1060 clones
203. Expression of the glaucoma gene myocilin (MYOC) in the human optic nerve head
204. Expression of small heat shock proteins and intermediate filaments in the human optic nerve head astrocytes exposed to elevated hydrostatic pressure in vitro
205. The effect of dexamethasone on integrin and laminin expression in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells
206. Cellular pharmacology and molecular biology of the trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response gene product
207. Effect of staurosporine on outflow facility in monkeys
208. Effects of the marine macrolides swinholide A and jasplakinolide on outflow facility in monkeys
209. The effect of interleukin-1alpha on outflow facility in rat eyes
210. Na-K-Cl cotransport regulates intracellular volume and monolayer permeability of trabecular meshwork cells
211. Effects of Na-K-2Cl cotransport regulators on outflow facility in calf and human eyes in vitro
212. Expression of aquaporin-1 in human trabecular meshwork cells: Role in resting cell volume
213. Pharmacology of the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect of systemic dexanabinol (HU-211), a non-psychotropic cannabinoid
214. Soft cannabinoid analogues as potential anti-glaucoma agents
215. Transforming growth factor beta isoforms in human optic nerve heads
216. Distribution and expression of transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor in the normal and glaucomatous monkey optic nerve heads
217. The expression of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and BMP receptor mRNA in human trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head cells and tissues (ARVO Abstract)
218. Haploinsufficient Bmp4 ocular phenotypes include anterior segment dysgenesis with elevated intraocular pressure
219. Axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells: Effect of trophic factors
220. Dose-dependent rescue of axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells by adenovirus-mediated expression of glial cell-line derived neurotropliic factor in vivo
221. BDNF enhances retinal ganglion cell survival in cats with optic nerve damage
222. Neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in eyes with NMDA-induced neuronal death
223. Adenovirus-mediated expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) rescues axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells but does not support axonal regeneration in vivo
224. Non-invasive observation of repeated adenoviral GFP gene delivery to the anterior segment of the monkey eye in vivo
225. Betaxolol and its isomers are neuroprotective in a photic retinopathy model
226. Current understanding of neuroprotection in glaucoma
227. Is neuroprotection a viable therapy for glaucoma?
228. Neuroprotection as a treatment for glaucoma: Pharmacological and immunological approaches
229. Elevation of inrraocular glutamate levels in rats with partial lesion of the optic nerve
230. Effects of MK-801 on optic nerve damage in rats with elevated intraocular pressure
231. Animal and culture models of glaucoma for studying neuroprotection
232. Expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) in reactive astrocytes of the human glaucomatous optic nerve head
233. Effect of aminoguandine on optic nerve injury following intraocular pressure elevation in the rat
234. Hyperthermia and hypoxia increase tolerance of retinal ganglion cells to anoxia and excitotoxicity
235. Is there a role for the immune system in glaucomatous optic neuropathy?
236. Physiological approaches to neuroprotection, boosting of protective autoimmunity
237. Anti-rhodopsin antibodies in sera from patients with normal-pressure glaucoma
238. Serum autoantibodies to optic nerve head glycosaminoglycans in patients with glaucoma
239. Serum autoantibody against glutathione S-transferase in patients with glaucoma
240. T cell subsets and sIL-2R/IL-2 levels in patients with glaucoma
241. Autoimmune T cells retard the loss of function in injured rat optic nerves
242. T cell immunity to copolymer 1 confers neuroprotection on the damaged optic nerve: Possible therapy for optic neuropathies
243. Vaccination for protection of retinal ganglion cells against death from glutamate cytotoxicity and ocular hypertension: Implications for glaucoma
244. Detecting early glaucoma by assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and visual function
245. Recent developments in automated perimetry in glaucoma diagnosis and management
246. Short-wavelength automated perimetry: It's role in the clinic and for understanding ganglion cell function
247. Frequency doubling technology perimetry for detection of glaucomatous visual field loss
248. The value of high-pass resolution perimetry in glaucoma
249. Mapping of glaucomatous visual field defects by multifocal VEPS
250. Optic disc and visual field changes in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with glaucoma: Comparison of scanning laser tomography with conventional perimetry and optic disc photography
251. Scanning laser polarimetry to measure the nerve fiber layer of normal and glaucomatous eyes
252. Detection of glaucoma with scanning laser polarimetry
253. Optical coherence tomography: A new tool for glaucoma diagnosis
254. Evaluation of focal defects of the nerve fiber layer using optical coherence tomography
255. A new method for rapid mapping of the retinal thickness at the posterior pole
256. Quantitative mapping of the retinal thickness at the posterior pole in chronic open angle glaucoma
257. Clinical features associated with mutations in the chromosome 1 open-angle glaucoma gene (GLC1A)
258. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the TIGR/MYOCILIN gene promoter with the severity of primary open-angle glaucoma
259. Variations in the myocilin gene in patients with open angle glaucoma
260. The pharmacology of bimatoprost (Lumigan)
261. Effect of surgery on visual field progression in normal-tension glaucoma
262. Surgery for normal tension glaucoma
263. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: DEsign and baseline description of the participants
264. Current trends in an tiglaucoma therapy