Role of the immune system in hypertension

Physiological Reviews

Volumn 97, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 1127-1164

  Rodriguez Iturbe, Bernardo ^a,b   Pons, Hector ^a,b   Johnson, Richard J ^a,b  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE MARACAIBO   (Venezuela)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN II; AUTOANTIBODY; AUTOANTIGEN; CELLOPHANE; CYTOKINE; DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE; GAMMA INTERFERON; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INFLAMMASOME; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 6; LEAD; RANTES; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNITY; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; B LYMPHOCYTE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL INFILTRATION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; COMPLEMENT SYSTEM; DENDRITIC CELL; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; GENETIC MODEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INNATE IMMUNITY; INTESTINE FLORA; KIDNEY INFARCTION; MACROPHAGE; MONOCYTE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NEPHRITIS; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEINURIA; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; T LYMPHOCYTE; TH17 CELL; ANIMAL; BACTERIUM; BLOOD PRESSURE; DISEASE MODEL; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANIMALS; AUTOANTIGENS; AUTOIMMUNITY; BACTERIA; BLOOD PRESSURE; CYTOKINES; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNITY, INNATE; RISK FACTORS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 85020185576     PISSN: 00319333     EISSN: 15221210     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2016     Document Type: Article

References (334)

1. Alvarez V, Quiroz Y, Nava M, Pons H, Rodríguez-Iturbe B. Overload proteinuria is followed by salt-sensitive hypertension caused by renal infiltration of immune cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 283: F1132–F1141, 2002. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00199.2002.
2. Amador CA, Barrientos V, Peña J, Herrada AA, González M, Valdés S, Carrasco L, Alzamora R, Figueroa F, Kalergis AM, Michea L. Spironolactone decreases DOCAsalt- induced organ damage by blocking the activation of T helper 17 and the downregulation of regulatory T lymphocytes. Hypertension 63: 797–803, 2014. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02883.
3. Arend WP, Palmer G, Gabay C. IL-1, IL-18, and IL-33 families of cytokines. Immunol Rev 223: 20–38, 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00624.x.
4. Asea A, Rehli M, Kabingu E, Boch JA, Bare O, Auron PE, Stevenson MA, Calderwood SK. Novel signal transduction pathway utilized by extracellular HSP70: role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4. J Biol Chem 277: 15028–15034, 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200497200.
5. Asghar M, Chugh G, Lokhandwala MF. Inflammation compromises renal dopamine D1 receptor function in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 297: F1543–F1549, 2009. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00366.2009.
6. Ba D, Takeichi N, Kodama T, Kobayashi H. Restoration of T cell depression and suppression of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by thymus grafts or thymus extracts. J Immunol 128: 1211–1216, 1982.
7. Barhoumi T, Kasal DA, Li MW, Shbat L, Laurant P, Neves MF, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. T regulatory lymphocytes prevent angiotensin II-induced hypertension and vascular injury. Hypertension 57: 469–476, 2011. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.162941.
8. Bataillard A, Freiche JC, Vincent M, Sassard J, Touraine JL. Antihypertensive effect of neonatal thymectomy in the genetically hypertensive LH rat. Thymus 8: 321–330, 1986.
9. Bataillard A, Vincent M, Sassard J, Touraine JL. Antihypertensive effect of an immunosuppressive agent, cyclophosphamide, in genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain. Int J Immunopharmacol 11: 377–384, 1989. doi:10.1016/0192-0561(89)90084-2.
10. Bauernfeind F, Bartok E, Rieger A, Franchi L, Núñez G, Hornung V. Cutting edge: reactive oxygen species inhibitors block priming, but not activation, of the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Immunol 187: 613–617, 2011. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100613.
11. Bauernfeind FG, Horvath G, Stutz A, Alnemri ES, MacDonald K, Speert D, Fernandes- Alnemri T, Wu J, Monks BG, Fitzgerald KA, Hornung V, Latz E. Cutting edge: NFkappaB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression. J Immunol 183: 787–791, 2009. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901363.
12. Bautista LE, Atwood JE, O’Malley PG, Taylor AJ. Association between C-reactive protein and hypertension in healthy middle-aged men and women. Coron Artery Dis 15: 331–336, 2004. doi:10.1097/00019501-200409000-00006.
13. Bautista LE, López-Jaramillo P, Vera LM, Casas JP, Otero AP, Guaracao AI. Is C-reactive protein an independent risk factor for essential hypertension? J Hypertens 19: 857–861, 2001. doi:10.1097/00004872-200105000-00004.
14. Bautista LE, Vera LM, Arenas IA, Gamarra G. Independent association between inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and TNF-alpha) and essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 19: 149–154, 2005. doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001785.
15. Baylis C, Mitruka B, Deng A. Chronic blockade of nitric oxide synthesis in the rat produces systemic hypertension and glomerular damage. J Clin Invest 90: 278–281, 1992. doi:10.1172/JCI115849.
16. Ben-Ishay D, Saliternik R, Welner A. Separation of two strains of rats with inbred dissimilar sensitivity to Doca-salt hypertension. Experientia 28: 1321–1322, 1972. doi:10.1007/BF01965321.
17. Binger KJ, Gebhardt M, Heinig M, Rintisch C, Schroeder A, Neuhofer W, Hilgers K, Manzel A, Schwartz C, Kleinewietfeld M, Voelkl J, Schatz V, Linker RA, Lang F, Voehringer D, Wright MD, Hubner N, Dechend R, Jantsch J, Titze J, Müller DN. High salt reduces the activation of IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated macrophages. J Clin Invest 125: 4223–4238, 2015. doi:10.1172/JCI80919.
18. Blankenberg S, Luc G, Ducimetière P, Arveiler D, Ferrières J, Amouyel P, Evans A, Cambien F, Tiret L, PRIME Study Group. Interleukin-18 and the risk of coronary heart disease in European men: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME). Circulation 108: 2453–2459, 2003. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000099509.76044.A2.
19. Bohlender J, Fukamizu A, Lippoldt A, Nomura T, Dietz R, Ménard J, Murakami K, Luft FC, Ganten D. High human renin hypertension in transgenic rats. Hypertension 29: 428–434, 1997. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.29.1.428.
20. Bomfim GF, Dos Santos RA, Oliveira MA, Giachini FR, Akamine EH, Tostes RC, Fortes ZB, Webb RC, Carvalho MH. Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to blood pressure regulation and vascular contraction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 122: 535–543, 2012. doi:10.1042/CS20110523.
21. Bost L, Primatesta P, Dong W, Poulter N. Blood lead and blood pressure: evidence from the Health Survey for England 1995. J Hum Hypertens 13: 123–128, 1999. doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1000771.
22. Brands MW, Banes-Berceli AK, Inscho EW, Al-Azawi H, Allen AJ, Labazi H. Interleukin 6 knockout prevents angiotensin II hypertension: role of renal vasoconstriction and janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. Hypertension 56: 879–884, 2010. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158071.
23. Brantsaeter AL, Myhre R, Haugen M, Myking S, Sengpiel V, Magnus P, Jacobsson B, Meltzer HM. Intake of probiotic food and risk of preeclampsia in primiparous women: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 174: 807–815, 2011. doi:10.1093/aje/kwr168.
24. Bravo Y, Quiroz Y, Ferrebuz A, Vaziri ND, Rodríguez-Iturbe B. Mycophenolate mofetil administration reduces renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and arterial pressure in rats with lead-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293: F616–F623, 2007. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00507.2006.
25. Bravo J, Quiroz Y, Pons H, Parra G, Herrera-Acosta J, Johnson RJ, Rodríguez-Iturbe B. Vimentin and heat shock protein expression are induced in the kidney by angiotensin and by nitric oxide inhibition. Kidney Int Suppl 64: S46–S51, 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.64.s86.9.x.
26. Brenner BM, Chertow GM. Congenital oligonephropathy and the etiology of adult hypertension and progressive renal injury. Am J Kidney Dis 23: 171–175, 1994. doi:10.1016/S0272-6386(12)80967-X.
27. Carnevale D, Pallante F, Fardella V, Fardella S, Iacobucci R, Federici M, Cifelli G, De Lucia M, Lembo G. The angiogenic factor PlGF mediates a neuroimmune interaction in the spleen to allow the onset of hypertension. Immunity 41: 737–752, 2014. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.11.002.
28. Carnevale D, Perrotta M, Pallante F, Fardella V, Iacobucci R, Fardella S, Carnevale L, Carnevale R, De Lucia M, Cifelli G, Lembo G. A cholinergic-sympathetic pathway primes immunity in hypertension and mediates brain-to-spleen communication. Nat Commun 7: 13035, 2016. doi:10.1038/ncomms13035.
29. Chae CU, Lee RT, Rifai N, Ridker PM. Blood pressure and inflammation in apparently healthy men. Hypertension 38: 399–403, 2001. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.38.3.399.
30. Chamarthi B, Williams GH, Ricchiuti V, Srikumar N, Hopkins PN, Luther JM, Jeunemaitre X, Thomas A. Inflammation and hypertension: the interplay of interleukin-6, dietary sodium, and the renin-angiotensin system in humans. Am J Hypertens 24: 1143–1148, 2011. doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.113.
31. Chan CT, Moore JP, Budzyn K, Guida E, Diep H, Vinh A, Jones ES, Widdop RE, Armitage JA, Sakkal S, Ricardo SD, Sobey CG, Drummond GR. Reversal of vascular macrophage accumulation and hypertension by a CCR2 antagonist in deoxycorticosterone/ salt-treated mice. Hypertension 60: 1207–1212, 2012. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.201251.
32. Chan CT, Sobey CG, Lieu M, Ferens D, Kett MM, Diep H, Kim HA, Krishnan SM, Lewis CV, Salimova E, Tipping P, Vinh A, Samuel CS, Peter K, Guzik TJ, Kyaw TS, Toh BH, Bobik A, Drummond GR. Obligatory role for B cells in the development of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Hypertension 66: 1023–1033, 2015. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05779.
33. Cheng Y, Schwartz J, Sparrow D, Aro A, Weiss ST, Hu H. Bone lead and blood lead levels in relation to baseline blood pressure and the prospective development of hypertension: the Normative Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 153: 164–171, 2001. doi:10.1093/aje/153.2.164.
34. Chiasson VL, Talreja D, Young KJ, Chatterjee P, Banes-Berceli AK, Mitchell BM. FK506 binding protein 12 deficiency in endothelial and hematopoietic cells decreases regulatory T cells and causes hypertension. Hypertension 57: 1167–1175, 2011. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.162917.
35. Chiba T, Itoh T, Tabuchi M, Nakazawa T, Satou T. Interleukin-1β accelerates the onset of stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mediators Inflamm 2012: 701976, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/701976.
36. Chobanian AV. Shattuck Lecture. The hypertension paradox–more uncontrolled disease despite improved therapy. N Engl J Med 361: 878–887, 2009. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa0903829.
37. Coll RC, Robertson AA, Chae JJ, Higgins SC, Muñoz-Planillo R, Inserra MC, Vetter I, Dungan LS, Monks BG, Stutz A, Croker DE, Butler MS, Haneklaus M, Sutton CE, Núñez G, Latz E, Kastner DL, Mills KH, Masters SL, Schroder K, Cooper MA, O’Neill LA. A small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Nat Med 21: 248–255, 2015. doi:10.1038/nm.3806.
38. Crosswhite P, Sun Z. Ribonucleic acid interference knockdown of interleukin 6 attenuates cold-induced hypertension. Hypertension 55: 1484–1491, 2010. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.146902.
39. Crowley SD, Jeffs AD. Targeting cytokine signaling in salt-sensitive hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 311: F1153–F1158, 2016. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00273.2016.
40. Crowley SD, Song YS, Lin EE, Griffiths R, Kim HS, Ruiz P. Lymphocyte responses exacerbate angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298: R1089–R1097, 2010. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00373.2009.
41. Crowley SD, Song YS, Sprung G, Griffiths R, Sparks M, Yan M, Burchette JL, Howell DN, Lin EE, Okeiyi B, Stegbauer J, Yang Y, Tharaux PL, Ruiz P. A role for angiotensin II type 1 receptors on bone marrow-derived cells in the pathogenesis of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Hypertension 55: 99–108, 2010. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.144964.
42. Curtsinger JM, Mescher MF. Inflammatory cytokines as a third signal for T cell activation. Curr Opin Immunol 22: 333–340, 2010. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2010.02.013.
43. Dahl LK, Heine M, Tassinari L. Effects of chronia excess salt ingestion. Evidence that genetic factors play an important role in susceptibility to experimental hypertension. J Exp Med 115: 1173–1190, 1962. doi:10.1084/jem.115.6.1173.
44. Dahly AJ, Hoagland KM, Flasch AK, Jha S, Ledbetter SR, Roman RJ. Antihypertensive effects of chronic anti-TGF-beta antibody therapy in Dahl S rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283: R757–R767, 2002. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00098.2002.
45. Dalekos GN, Elisaf M, Bairaktari E, Tsolas O, Siamopoulos KC. Increased serum levels of interleukin-1beta in the systemic circulation of patients with essential hypertension: additional risk factor for atherogenesis in hypertensive patients? J Lab Clin Med 129: 300–308, 1997. doi:10.1016/S0022-2143(97)90178-5.
46. Dange RB, Agarwal D, Teruyama R, Francis J. Toll-like receptor 4 inhibition within the paraventricular nucleus attenuates blood pressure and inflammatory response in a genetic model of hypertension. J Neuroinflammation 12: 31, 2015. doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0242-7.
47. Davies DJ, Brewer DB, Hardwicke J. Urinary proteins and glomerular morphometry in protein overload proteinuria. Lab Invest 38: 232–243, 1978.
48. De Ciuceis C, Amiri F, Brassard P, Endemann DH, Touyz RM, Schiffrin EL. Reduced vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in resistance arteries of angiotensin II-infused macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient mice: evidence for a role in inflammation in angiotensin-induced vascular injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25: 2106–2113, 2005. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000181743.28028.57.
49. De Graaf R, Kloppenburg G, Kitslaar PJ, Bruggeman CA, Stassen F. Human heat shock protein 60 stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Microbes Infect 8: 1859–1865, 2006. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.02.024.
50. De la Rosa M, Rutz S, Dorninger H, Scheffold A. Interleukin-2 is essential for CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell function. Eur J Immunol 34: 2480–2488, 2004. doi:10.1002/eji.200425274.
51. De Miguel C, Das S, Lund H, Mattson DL. T lymphocytes mediate hypertension and kidney damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298: R1136–R1142, 2010. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00298.2009.
52. De Miguel C, Guo C, Lund H, Feng D, Mattson DL. Infiltrating T lymphocytes in the kidney increase oxidative stress and participate in the development of hypertension and renal disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300: F734–F742, 2011. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00454.2010.
53. De Miguel C, Lund H, Mattson DL. High dietary protein exacerbates hypertension and renal damage in Dahl SS rats by increasing infiltrating immune cells in the kidney. Hypertension 57: 269–274, 2011. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.154302.
54. Devallière J, Charreau B. The adaptor Lnk (SH2B3): an emerging regulator in vascular cells and a link between immune and inflammatory signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 82: 1391–1402, 2011. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.023.
55. Didion SP, Kinzenbaw DA, Schrader LI, Chu Y, Faraci FM. Endogenous interleukin-10 inhibits angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction. Hypertension 54: 619–624, 2009. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.137158.
56. Diederichsen LP, Diederichsen AC, Simonsen JA, Junker P, Søndergaard K, Lundberg IE, Tvede N, Gerke O, Christensen AF, Dreyer L, Petersen H, Ejstrup L, Kay SD, Jacobsen S. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcification in adults with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a Danish multicenter study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 67: 848–854, 2015. doi:10.1002/acr.22520.
57. Dikalov SI, Nazarewicz RR, Bikineyeva A, Hilenski L, Lassègue B, Griendling KK, Harrison DG, Dikalova AE. Nox2-induced production of mitochondrial superoxide in angiotensin II-mediated endothelial oxidative stress and hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 20: 281–294, 2014. doi:10.1089/ars.2012.4918.
58. Dörffel Y, Lätsch C, Stuhlmüller B, Schreiber S, Scholze S, Burmester GR, Scholze J. Preactivated peripheral blood monocytes in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension 34: 113–117, 1999. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.34.1.113.
59. Doughan AK, Harrison DG, Dikalov SI. Molecular mechanisms of angiotensin II-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction: linking mitochondrial oxidative damage and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Circ Res 102: 488–496, 2008. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.162800.
60. Dunkelberger JR, Song W-C. Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Cell Res 20: 34–50, 2010. doi:10.1038/cr.2009.139.
61. Ebrahimian T, Li MW, Lemarié CA, Simeone SM, Pagano PJ, Gaestel M, Paradis P, Wassmann S, Schiffrin EL. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 in angiotensin II-induced inflammation and hypertension: regulation of oxidative stress. Hypertension 57: 245–254, 2011. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.159889.
62. Ebringer A, Doyle AE. Raised serum IgG levels in hypertension. BMJ 2: 146–148, 1970. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5702.146.
63. Eddy AA. Interstitial nephritis induced by protein-overload proteinuria. Am J Pathol 135: 719–733, 1989.
64. Ehret GB, O’Connor AA, Weder A, Cooper RS, Chakravarti A. Follow-up of a major linkage peak on chromosome 1 reveals suggestive QTLs associated with essential hypertension: GenNet study. Eur J Hum Genet 17: 1650–1657, 2009. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.94.
65. Elenkov IJ, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP, Vizi ES. The sympathetic nerve–an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system. Pharmacol Rev 52: 595–638, 2000.
66. Elmarakby AA, Quigley JE, Imig JD, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. TNF-alpha inhibition reduces renal injury in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294: R76–R83, 2008. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00466.2007.
67. Elmarakby AA, Quigley JE, Olearczyk JJ, Sridhar A, Cook AK, Inscho EW, Pollock DM, Imig JD. Chemokine receptor 2b inhibition provides renal protection in angiotensin II-salt hypertension. Hypertension 50: 1069–1076, 2007. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.098806.
68. Feig DI, Soletsky B, Johnson RJ. Effect of allopurinol on blood pressure of adolescents with newly diagnosed essential hypertension: a randomized trial. JAMA 300: 924–932, 2008. doi:10.1001/jama.300.8.924.
69. Feng D, Yang C, Geurts AM, Kurth T, Liang M, Lazar J, Mattson DL, O’Connor PM, Cowley AW Jr. Increased expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p67(phox) in the renal medulla contributes to excess oxidative stress and salt-sensitive hypertension. Cell Metab 15: 201–208, 2012. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.003.
70. Florin M, Lo M, Liu KL, Sassard J. Salt sensitivity in genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain. Kidney Int 59: 1865–1872, 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590051865.x.
71. Franco M, Martínez F, Quiroz Y, Galicia O, Bautista R, Johnson RJ, Rodríguez- Iturbe B. Renal angiotensin II concentration and interstitial infiltration of immune cells are correlated with blood pressure levels in salt-sensitive hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293: R251–R256, 2007. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00645.2006.
72. Franco M, Tapia E, Bautista R, Pacheco U, Santamaria J, Quiroz Y, Johnson RJ, Rodriguez- Iturbe B. Impaired pressure natriuresis resulting in salt-sensitive hypertension is caused by tubulointerstitial immune cell infiltration in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 304: F982–F990, 2013. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00463.2012.
73. Frohlich ED, Dustan HP, Bumpus FM. Irvine H. Page: 1901-1991. The celebration of a leader. Hypertension 18: 443–445, 1991. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.18.4.443.
74. Frostegård J, Lemne C, Andersson B, van der Zee R, Kiessling R, de Faire U. Association of serum antibodies to heat-shock protein 65 with borderline hypertension. Hypertension 29: 40–44, 1997. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.29.1.40.
75. Frostegård J, Wu R, Gillis-Haegerstrand C, Lemne C, de Faire U. Antibodies to endothelial cells in borderline hypertension. Circulation 98: 1092–1098, 1998. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.98.11.1092.
76. Furumoto T, Saito N, Dong J, Mikami T, Fujii S, Kitabatake A. Association of cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunction in Japanese hypertensive patients: implications for early atherosclerosis. Hypertens Res 25: 475–480, 2002. doi:10.1291/hypres.25.475.
77. Gaffen SL. Recent advances in the IL-17 cytokine family. Curr Opin Immunol 23: 613–619, 2011. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2011.07.006.
78. Ganta CK, Lu N, Helwig BG, Blecha F, Ganta RR, Zheng L, Ross CR, Musch TI, Fels RJ, Kenney MJ. Central angiotensin II-enhanced splenic cytokine gene expression is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 289: H1683–H1691, 2005. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00125.2005.
79. Gardner DL, Quagliata F, Drossman M, Kalish M, Schimmer B. Attempted prevention of arteriolar lesions in accelerated rat hypertension by immunosuppression. Br J Exp Pathol 51: 242–252, 1970.
80. Gareau RJ, Cartier GE. Etude histologique de 55 biopsies rénales prélevées chez des malades hypertendus. Union Med Can 84: 1134–1142, 1955.
81. Giani JF, Bernstein KE, Janjulia T, Han J, Toblli JE, Shen XZ, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, McDonough AA, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA. Salt sensitivity in response to renal injury requires renal angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hypertension 66: 534–542, 2015. 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05320.
82. Given MB, Lowe RF, Williams DL, Sander GE, Giles TD. Failure of interleukin-2 to alter systolic blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am J Hypertens 5: 203–204, 1992. doi:10.1093/ajh/5.3.203.
83. Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Janjoulia T, Fletcher NK, Giani JF, Nguyen MT, Riquier- Brison AD, Seth DM, Fuchs S, Eladari D, Picard N, Bachmann S, Delpire E, Peti- Peterdi J, Navar LG, Bernstein KE, McDonough AA. The absence of intrarenal ACE protects against hypertension. J Clin Invest 123: 2011–2023, 2013. JCI65460.
84. Gornikiewicz A, Sautner T, Brostjan C, Schmierer B, Függer R, Roth E, Mühlbacher F, Bergmann M. Catecholamines up-regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 production in human microvascular endothelial cells. FASEB J 14: 1093–1100, 2000.
85. Gratze P, Dechend R, Stocker C, Park JK, Feldt S, Shagdarsuren E, Wellner M, Gueler F, Rong S, Gross V, Obst M, Plehm R, Alenina N, Zenclussen A, Titze J, Small K, Yokota Y, Zenke M, Luft FC, Müller DN. Novel role for inhibitor of differentiation 2 in the genesis of angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Circulation 117: 2645–2656, 2008. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.760116.
86. Grisanti LA, Woster AP, Dahlman J, Sauter ER, Combs CK, Porter JE. α1-Adrenergic receptors positively regulate Toll-like receptor cytokine production from human monocytes and macrophages. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 338: 648–657, 2011. doi:10.1124/jpet.110.178012.
87. Grome HN, Barnett L, Hagar CC, Harrison DG, Kalams SA, Koethe JR. Association of T cell and macrophage activation with arterial vascular health in HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 33: 181–186, 2017. doi:10.1089/aid.2016.0113.
88. Gudbrandsson T, Hansson L, Herlitz H, Lindholm L, Nilsson LA. Immunological changes in patients with previous malignant essential hypertension. Lancet 1: 406–408, 1981. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(81)91790-6.
89. Guyton AC, Coleman TG, Cowley AV Jr, Scheel KW, Manning RD Jr, Norman RA Jr. Arterial pressure regulation. Overriding dominance of the kidneys in long-term regulation and in hypertension. Am J Med 52: 584–594, 1972. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(72)90050-2.
90. Guzik TJ, Hoch NE, Brown KA, McCann LA, Rahman A, Dikalov S, Goronzy J, Weyand C, Harrison DG. Role of the T cell in the genesis of angiotensin II induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction. J Exp Med 204: 2449–2460, 2007. doi:10.1084/jem.20070657.
91. Han Y, Runge MS, Brasier AR. Angiotensin II induces interleukin-6 transcription in vascular smooth muscle cells through pleiotropic activation of nuclear factor-B transcription factors. Circ Res 84: 695–703, 1999. doi:10.1161/01.RES.84.6.695.
92. Harrison DG. The mosaic theory revisited: common molecular mechanisms coordinating diverse organ and cellular events in hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 7: 68–74, 2013. doi:10.1016/j.jash.2012.11.007.
93. Harwani SC, Chapleau MW, Legge KL, Ballas ZK, Abboud FM. Neurohormonal modulation of the innate immune system is proinflammatory in the prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rat, a genetic model of essential hypertension. Circ Res 111: 1190–1197, 2012. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.277475.
94. Hashmat S, Rudemiller N, Lund H, Abais-Battad JM, Van Why S, Mattson DL. Interleukin- 6 inhibition attenuates hypertension and associated renal damage in Dahl saltsensitive rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 311: F555–F561, 2016. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00594.2015.
95. Haydar A, Bakri RS, Prime M, Goldsmith DJ. Page kidney–a review of the literature. J Nephrol 16: 329–333, 2003.
96. Hendel MD, Collister JP. Contribution of the subfornical organ to angiotensin IIinduced hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288: H680–H685, 2005. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00823.2004.
97. Heptinstall RH. Renal biopsies in hypertension. Br Heart J 16: 133–141, 1954. doi:10.1136/hrt.16.2.133.
98. Hermann M, Shaw S, Kiss E, Camici G, Bühler N, Chenevard R, Lüscher TF, Gröne HJ, Ruschitzka F. Selective COX-2 inhibitors and renal injury in salt-sensitive hypertension. Hypertension 45: 193–197, 2005. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000153053.82032.bf.
99. Herrera J, Ferrebuz A, MacGregor EG, Rodriguez-Iturbe B. Mycophenolate mofetil treatment improves hypertension in patients with psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 17, Suppl 3: S218–S225, 2006. doi:10.1681/ASN.2006080918.
100. Hilzendeger AM, Cassell MD, Davis DR, Stauss HM, Mark AL, Grobe JL, Sigmund CD. Angiotensin type 1a receptors in the subfornical organ are required for deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. Hypertension 61: 716–722, 2013. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00356.
101. Hoch NE, Guzik TJ, Chen W, Deans T, Maalouf SA, Gratze P, Weyand C, Harrison DG. Regulation of T-cell function by endogenously produced angiotensin II. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 296: R208–R216, 2009. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90521.2008.
102. Holmes MC, Burnet FM. The natural history of autoimmune disease in NZB mice. A comparison with the pattern of human autoimmune manifestations. Ann Intern Med 59: 265–276, 1963. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-59-3-265.
103. Hu J, Zhu Q, Xia M, Guo TL, Wang Z, Li PL, Han WQ, Yi F, Li N. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells into the renal medulla attenuated salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl S rat. J Mol Med (Berl) 92: 1139–1145, 2014. doi:10.1007/s00109-014-1199-1.
104. Huang B, Cheng Y, Usa K, Liu Y, Baker MA, Mattson DL, He Y, Wang N, Liang M. Renal tumor necrosis factor α contributes to hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive Rats. Sci Rep 6: 21960, 2016. doi:10.1038/srep21960.
105. Hughson MD, Gobe GC, Hoy WE, Manning RD Jr, Douglas-Denton R, Bertram JF. Associations of glomerular number and birth weight with clinicopathological features of African Americans and whites. Am J Kidney Dis 52: 18–28, 2008. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.03.023.
106. Hung J, McQuillan BM, Chapman CM, Thompson PL, Beilby JP. Elevated interleukin- 18 levels are associated with the metabolic syndrome independent of obesity and insulin resistance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25: 1268–1273, 2005. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000163843.70369.12.
107. Iliescu R, Lohmeier TE, Tudorancea I, Laffin L, Bakris GL. Renal denervation for the treatment of resistant hypertension: review and clinical perspective. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 309: F583–F594, 2015. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00246.2015.
108. Isaka Y, Takabatake Y, Takahashi A, Saitoh T, Yoshimori T. Hyperuricemia-induced inflammasome and kidney diseases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 31: 890–896, 2016. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfv024.
109. Ishibashi M, Hiasa K, Zhao Q, Inoue S, Ohtani K, Kitamoto S, Tsuchihashi M, Sugaya T, Charo IF, Kura S, Tsuzuki T, Ishibashi T, Takeshita A, Egashira K. Critical role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 receptor CCR2 on monocytes in hypertensioninduced vascular inflammation and remodeling. Circ Res 94: 1203–1210, 2004. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000126924.23467.A3.
110. Ishimitsu T, Uehara Y, Numabe A, Tsukada H, Ogawa Y, Yagi S. Antihypertensive effect of interleukin-2 in salt-sensitive Dahl rats. Hypertension 23: 68–73, 1994. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.23.1.68.
111. Ishizaka N, Aizawa T, Ohno M, Usui S, Mori I, Tang SS, Ingelfinger JR, Kimura S, Nagai R. Regulation and localization of HSP70 and HSP25 in the kidney of rats undergoing long-term administration of angiotensin II. Hypertension 39: 122–128, 2002. doi:10.1161/hy1201.096818.
112. Itani HA, Dikalova AE, McMaster WG, Nazarewicz RR, Bikineyeva AT, Harrison DG, Dikalov SI. Mitochondrial cyclophilin D in vascular oxidative stress and hypertension. Hypertension 67: 1218–1227, 2016. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.07085.
113. Itani HA, McMaster WG Jr, Saleh MA, Nazarewicz RR, Mikolajczyk TP, Kaszuba AM, Konior A, Prejbisz A, Januszewicz A, Norlander AE, Chen W, Bonami RH, Marshall AF, Poffenberger G, Weyand CM, Madhur MS, Moore DJ, Harrison DG, Guzik TJ. Activation of Human T cells in hypertension: studies of humanized mice and hypertensive humans. Hypertension 68: 123–132, 2016. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07237.
114. Itani HA, Xiao L, Saleh MA, Wu J, Pilkinton MA, Dale BL, Barbaro NR, Foss JD, Kirabo A, Montaniel KR, Norlander AE, Chen W, Sato R, Navar LG, Mallal SA, Madhur MS, Bernstein KE, Harrison DG. CD70 exacerbates blood pressure elevation and renal damage in response to repeated hypertensive stimuli. Circ Res 118: 1233–1243, 2016. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.308111.
115. Ito H, Ohshima A, Tsuzuki M, Ohto N, Takao K, Hijii C, Yanagawa M, Ogasawara M, Nishioka K. Association of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha with serum lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol and blood pressure in apparently healthy Japanese women. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 28: 188–192, 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03429.x.
116. Iyer A, Woodruff TM, Wu MC, Stylianou C, Reid RC, Fairlie DP, Taylor SM, Brown L. Inhibition of inflammation and fibrosis by a complement C5a receptor antagonist in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 58: 479–486, 2011. doi:10.1097/FJC.0b013e31822a7a09.
117. Jaffé D, Sutherland LE, Barker DM, Dahl LK. Effects of chronic excess salt ingestion. Morphologic findings in kidneys of rats with differing genetic susceptibilities to hypertension. Arch Pathol 90: 1–16, 1970.
118. Jekell A, Malmqvist K, Wallén NH, Mörtsell D, Kahan T. Markers of inflammation, endothelial activation, and arterial stiffness in hypertensive heart disease and the effects of treatment: results from the SILVHIA study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 62: 559–566, 2013. doi:10.1097/FJC.0000000000000017.
119. Ji Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Liu N. Angiotensin II induces inflammatory response partly via toll-like receptor 4-dependent signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 23: 265–276, 2009. doi:10.1159/000218173.
120. Ji X, Naito Y, Hirokawa G, Weng H, Hiura Y, Takahashi R, Iwai N. P2X(7) receptor antagonism attenuates the hypertension and renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertens Res 35: 173–179, 2012. doi:10.1038/hr.2011.153.
121. Jiménez-Altayó F, Briones AM, Giraldo J, Planas AM, Salaices M, Vila E. Increased superoxide anion production by interleukin-1beta impairs nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in resistance arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 316: 42–52, 2006. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.088435.
122. Johnson RJ, Schreiner GF. Hypothesis: the role of acquired tubulointerstitial disease in the pathogenesis of salt-dependent hypertension. Kidney Int 52: 1169–1179, 1997. doi:10.1038/ki.1997.442.
123. Jose PA, Raj D. Gut microbiota in hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 24: 403–409, 2015. doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000149.
124. Jun JY, Zubcevic J, Qi Y, Afzal A, Carvajal JM, Thinschmidt JS, Grant MB, Mocco J, Raizada MK. Brain-mediated dysregulation of the bone marrow activity in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Hypertension 60: 1316–1323, 2012. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.199547.
125. Kamat NV, Thabet SR, Xiao L, Saleh MA, Kirabo A, Madhur MS, Delpire E, Harrison DG, McDonough AA. Renal transporter activation during angiotensin-II hypertension is blunted in interferon-γ-/- and interleukin-17A-/- mice. Hypertension 65: 569–576, 2015. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04975.
126. Kasal DA, Barhoumi T, Li MW, Yamamoto N, Zdanovich E, Rehman A, Neves MF, Laurant P, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. T regulatory lymphocytes prevent aldosteroneinduced vascular injury. Hypertension 59: 324–330, 2012. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.181123.
127. Kashiwagi M, Shinozaki M, Hirakata H, Tamaki K, Hirano T, Tokumoto M, Goto H, Okuda S, Fujishima M. Locally activated renin-angiotensin system associated with TGF-β1 as a major factor for renal injury induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 11: 616–624, 2000.
128. Katsuki M, Hirooka Y, Kishi T, Sunagawa K. Decreased proportion of Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells contributes to the development of hypertension in genetically hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 33: 773–783, 2015. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000469.
129. Kawada N, Imai E, Karber A, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS. A mouse model of angiotensin II slow pressor response: role of oxidative stress. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 2860–2868, 2002. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000035087.11758.ED.
130. Keller G, Zimmer G, Mall G, Ritz E, Amann K. Nephron number in patients with primary hypertension. N Engl J Med 348: 101–108, 2003. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa020549.
131. Khalesi S, Sun J, Buys N, Jayasinghe R. Effect of probiotics on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Hypertension 64: 897–903, 2014. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03469.
132. Khraibi AA, Norman RA Jr, Dzielak DJ. Chronic immunosuppression attenuates hypertension in Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 247: H722–H726, 1984.
133. Kim BS, Park YJ, Chung Y. Targeting IL-17 in autoimmunity and inflammation. Arch Pharm Res 39: 1537–1547, 2016. doi:10.1007/s12272-016-0823-8.
134. King DE, Egan BM, Mainous AG III, Geesey ME. Elevation of C-reactive protein in people with prehypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 6: 562–568, 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2004.03577.x.
135. Kirabo A, Fontana V, de Faria AP, Loperena R, Galindo CL, Wu J, Bikineyeva AT, Dikalov S, Xiao L, Chen W, Saleh MA, Trott DW, Itani HA, Vinh A, Amarnath V, Amarnath K, Guzik TJ, Bernstein KE, Shen XZ, Shyr Y, Chen SC, Mernaugh RL, Laffer CL, Elijovich F, Davies SS, Moreno H, Madhur MS, Roberts J II, Harrison DG. DC isoketal-modified proteins activate T cells and promote hypertension. J Clin Invest 124: 4642–4656, 2014. doi:10.1172/JCI74084.
136. Kleinewietfeld M, Manzel A, Titze J, Kvakan H, Yosef N, Linker RA, Müller DN, Hafler DA. Sodium chloride drives autoimmune disease by the induction of pathogenic TH17 cells. Nature 496: 518–522, 2013. doi:10.1038/nature11868.
137. Koeners MP, Wesseling S, Sánchez M, Braam B, Joles JA. Perinatal inhibition of NFKappaB has long-term antihypertensive and renoprotective effects in Fawn-Hooded hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 29: 123–131, 2016. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpv065.
138. Kossmann S, Schwenk M, Hausding M, Karbach SH, Schmidgen MI, Brandt M, Knorr M, Hu H, Kröller-Schön S, Schönfelder T, Grabbe S, Oelze M, Daiber A, Münzel T, Becker C, Wenzel P. Angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction depends on interferon-γ-driven immune cell recruitment and mutual activation of monocytes and NK-cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33: 1313-1319, 2013. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.301437.
139. Krebs CF, Lange S, Niemann G, Rosendahl A, Lehners A, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Stahl RA, Benndorf RA, Velden J, Paust HJ, Panzer U, Ehmke H, Wenzel UO. Deficiency of the interleukin 17/23 axis accelerates renal injury in mice with deoxycorticosterone acetate+ angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Hypertension 63: 565–571, 2014. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02620.
140. Krishnan SM, Dowling JK, Ling YH, Diep H, Chan CT, Ferens D, Kett MM, Pinar A, Samuel CS, Vinh A, Arumugam TV, Hewitson TD, Kemp-Harper BK, Robertson AA, Cooper MA, Latz E, Mansell A, Sobey CG, Drummond GR. Inflammasome activity is essential for one kidney/deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt-induced hypertension in mice. Br J Pharmacol 173: 752–765, 2016. doi:10.1111/bph.13230.
141. Kristensen BO, Andersen PL, Wiik A. Autoantibodies and vascular events in essential hypertension: a five-year longitudinal study. J Hypertens 2: 19–24, 1984. doi:10.1097/00004872-198402000-00004.
142. Kristensen BO, Sølling K. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and free light chains before and after vascular events in essential hypertension. Acta Med Scand 213: 15–20, 1983. doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1983.tb03682.x.
143. Kronbichler A, Mayer G. Renal involvement in autoimmune connective tissue diseases. BMC Med 11: 95, 2013. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-95.
144. Kuijpers MH, de Jong W. Relationship between blood pressure level, renal histopathological lesions and plasma renin activity in fawn-hooded rats. Br J Exp Pathol 68: 179–187, 1987.
145. Kunes J, Poirier M, Tremblay J, Hamet P. Expression of hsp70 gene in lymphocytes from normotensive and hypertensive humans. Acta Physiol Scand 146: 307–311, 1992. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1992.tb09424.x.
146. Kvakan H, Kleinewietfeld M, Qadri F, Park JK, Fischer R, Schwarz I, Rahn HP, Plehm R, Wellner M, Elitok S, Gratze P, Dechend R, Luft FC, Muller DN. Regulatory T cells ameliorate angiotensin II-induced cardiac damage. Circulation 119: 2904–2912, 2009. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.832782.
147. Lee DL, Sturgis LC, Labazi H, Osborne JB Jr, Fleming C, Pollock JS, Manhiani M, Imig JD, Brands MW. Angiotensin II hypertension is attenuated in interleukin-6 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H935–H940, 2006. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00708.2005.
148. Li DJ, Evans RG, Yang ZW, Song SW, Wang P, Ma XJ, Liu C, Xi T, Su DF, Shen FM. Dysfunction of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediates organ damage in hypertension. Hypertension 57: 298–307, 2011. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.160077.
149. Li JX, Tang BP, Sun HP, Feng M, Cheng ZH, Niu WQ. Interacting contribution of the five polymorphisms in three genes of Hsp70 family to essential hypertension in Uygur ethnicity. Cell Stress Chaperones 14: 355–362, 2009. doi:10.1007/s12192-008-0089-2.
150. Li Y, Wu Y, Zhang C, Li P, Cui W, Hao J, Ma X, Yin Z, Du J. γδT cell-derived interleukin-17A via an interleukin-1β-dependent mechanism mediates cardiac injury and fibrosis in hypertension. Hypertension 64: 305–314, 2014. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02604.
151. Liu N, Liu J, Ji Y, Lu P. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling mediates inflammatory activation induced by C-reactive protein in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 25: 467–476, 2010. doi:10.1159/000303052.
152. Liu X, Zhang Q, Wu H, Du H, Liu L, Shi H, Wang C, Xia Y, Guo X, Li C, Bao X, Su Q, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Zhao H, Song K, Niu K. Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 28: 1339–1346, 2015. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpv034.
153. Liu-Bryan R, Scott P, Sydlaske A, Rose DM, Terkeltaub R. Innate immunity conferred by Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression is pivotal to monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced inflammation. Arthritis Rheum 52: 2936–2946, 2005. doi:10.1002/art.21238.
154. Lob HE, Marvar PJ, Guzik TJ, Sharma S, McCann LA, Weyand C, Gordon FJ, Harrison DG. Induction of hypertension and peripheral inflammation by reduction of extracellular superoxide dismutase in the central nervous system. Hypertension 55: 277–283, 2010. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.142646.
155. Lob HE, Schultz D, Marvar PJ, Davisson RL, Harrison DG. Role of the NADPH oxidases in the subfornical organ in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Hypertension 61: 382–387, 2013. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00546.
156. Lombardi D, Gordon KL, Polinsky P, Suga S, Schwartz SM, Johnson RJ. Salt-sensitive hypertension develops after short-term exposure to angiotensin II. Hypertension 33: 1013–1019, 1999. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.33.4.1013.
157. Los M, Dröge W, Stricker K, Baeuerle PA, Schulze-Osthoff K. Hydrogen peroxide as a potent activator of T lymphocyte functions. Eur J Immunol 25: 159–165, 1995. doi:10.1002/eji.1830250127.
158. Machnik A, Neuhofer W, Jantsch J, Dahlmann A, Tammela T, Machura K, Park JK, Beck FX, Müller DN, Derer W, Goss J, Ziomber A, Dietsch P, Wagner H, van Rooijen N, Kurtz A, Hilgers KF, Alitalo K, Eckardt KU, Luft FC, Kerjaschki D, Titze J. Macrophages regulate salt-dependent volume and blood pressure by a vascular endothelial growth factor-C-dependent buffering mechanism. Nat Med 15: 545–552, 2009. doi:10.1038/nm.1960.
159. Mackenzie HS, Lawler EV, Brenner BM. Congenital oligonephropathy: the fetal flaw in essential hypertension? Kidney Int Suppl 55: S30–S34, 1996.
160. Madhur MS, Lob HE, McCann LA, Iwakura Y, Blinder Y, Guzik TJ, Harrison DG. Interleukin 17 promotes angiotensin II-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Hypertension 55: 500–507, 2010. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.145094.
161. Majeed B, Tawinwung S, Eberson LS, Secomb TW, Larmonier N, Larson DF. Interleukin- 2/Anti-Interleukin-2 immune complex expands regulatory T cells and reduces angiotensin II-induced aortic stiffening. Int J Hypertens 2014: 126365, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/126365.
162. Manhiani MM, Seth DM, Banes-Berceli AKL, Satou R, Navar LG, Brands MW. The role of IL-6 in the physiologic versus hypertensive blood pressure actions of angiotensin II. Physiol Rep 3: e12595, 2015. doi:10.14814/phy2.12595.
163. Marketou ME, Kontaraki JE, Zacharis EA, Kochiadakis GE, Giaouzaki A, Chlouverakis G, Vardas PE. TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in peripheral monocytes in nondiabetic hypertensive patients: the effect of intensive blood pressure-lowering. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 14: 330–335, 2012. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2012.00620.x.
164. Markó L, Kvakan H, Park JK, Qadri F, Spallek B, Binger KJ, Bowman EP, Kleinewietfeld M, Fokuhl V, Dechend R, Müller DN. Interferon-γ signaling inhibition ameliorates angiotensin II-induced cardiac damage. Hypertension 60: 1430–1436, 2012. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.199265.
165. Martinon F, Pétrilli V, Mayor A, Tardivel A, Tschopp J. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature 440: 237–241, 2006. doi:10.1038/nature04516.
166. Martinon F, Tschopp J. Inflammatory caspases: linking an intracellular innate immune system to autoinflammatory diseases. Cell 117: 561–574, 2004. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.05.004.
167. Marvar PJ, Thabet SR, Guzik TJ, Lob HE, McCann LA, Weyand C, Gordon FJ, Harrison DG. Central and peripheral mechanisms of T-lymphocyte activation and vascular inflammation produced by angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Circ Res 107: 263–270, 2010. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.217299.
168. März P, Cheng JG, Gadient RA, Patterson PH, Stoyan T, Otten U, Rose-John S. Sympathetic neurons can produce and respond to interleukin 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 3251–3256, 1998. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.6.3251.
169. Mathis KW, Venegas-Pont M, Masterson CW, Wasson KL, Ryan MJ. Blood pressure in a hypertensive mouse model of SLE is not salt-sensitive. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R1281–R1285, 2011. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00386.2011.
170. Mathis KW, Wallace K, Flynn ER, Maric-Bilkan C, LaMarca B, Ryan MJ. Preventing autoimmunity protects against the development of hypertension and renal injury. Hypertension 64: 792–800, 2014. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04006.
171. Matrougui K, Zakaria AE, Kassan M, Choi S, Nair D, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Chentoufi AA, Kadowitz P, Belmadani S, Partyka M. Natural regulatory T cells control coronary arteriolar endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive mice. Am J Pathol 178: 434–441, 2011. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.034.
172. Mattace-Raso FU, Verwoert GC, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Inflammation and incident- isolated systolic hypertension in older adults: the Rotterdam study. J Hypertens 28: 892–895, 2010. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328336ed26.
173. Mattson DL. Infiltrating immune cells in the kidney in salt-sensitive hypertension and renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 307: F499–F508, 2014. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00258.2014.
174. Mattson DL, James L, Berdan EA, Meister CJ. Immune suppression attenuates hypertension and renal disease in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. Hypertension 48: 149–156, 2006. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000228320.23697.29.
175. Mattson DL, Lund H, Guo C, Rudemiller N, Geurts AM, Jacob H. Genetic mutation of recombination activating gene 1 in Dahl salt-sensitive rats attenuates hypertension and renal damage. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 304: R407–R414, 2013. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00304.2012.
176. Mazzali M, Hughes J, Kim YG, Jefferson JA, Kang DH, Gordon KL, Lan HY, Kivlighn S, Johnson RJ. Elevated uric acid increases blood pressure in the rat by a novel crystalindependent mechanism. Hypertension 38: 1101–1106, 2001. doi:10.1161/hy1101.092839.
177. McCarthy CG, Goulopoulou S, Wenceslau CF, Spitler K, Matsumoto T, Webb RC. Toll-like receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns: novel links between inflammation and hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 306: H184–H196, 2014. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00328.2013.
178. Mell B, Jala VR, Mathew AV, Byun J, Waghulde H, Zhang Y, Haribabu B, Vijay-Kumar M, Pennathur S, Joe B. Evidence for a link between gut microbiota and hypertension in the Dahl rat. Physiol Genomics 47: 187–197, 2015. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00136.2014.
179. Mellors RC. Autoimmune disease in NZB/B1 mice. I. Pathology and pathogenesis of a model system of spontaneous glomerulonephritis. J Exp Med 122: 25–40, 1965. doi:10.1084/jem.122.1.25.
180. Mervaala E, Müller DN, Park JK, Dechend R, Schmidt F, Fiebeler A, Bieringer M, Breu V, Ganten D, Haller H, Luft FC. Cyclosporin A protects against angiotensin II-induced end-organ damage in double transgenic rats harboring human renin and angiotensinogen genes. Hypertension 35: 360–366, 2000. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.35.1.360.
181. Mervaala E, Müller DN, Schmidt F, Park JK, Gross V, Bader M, Breu V, Ganten D, Haller H, Luft FC. Blood pressure-independent effects in rats with human renin and angiotensinogen genes. Hypertension 35: 587–594, 2000. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.35.2.587
182. Mian MO, Barhoumi T, Briet M, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Deficiency of T-regulatory cells exaggerates angiotensin II-induced microvascular injury by enhancing immune responses. J Hypertens 34: 97–108, 2016. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000761.
183. Mikolajczyk TP, Nosalski R, Szczepaniak P, Budzyn K, Osmenda G, Skiba D, Sagan A, Wu J, Vinh A, Marvar PJ, Guzik B, Podolec J, Drummond G, Lob HE, Harrison DG, Guzik TJ. Role of chemokine RANTES in the regulation of perivascular inflammation, T-cell accumulation, and vascular dysfunction in hypertension. FASEB J 30: 1987–1999, 2016. doi:10.1096/fj.201500088R.
184. Mirhafez SR, Mohebati M, Feiz Disfani M, Saberi Karimian M, Ebrahimi M, Avan A, Eslami S, Pasdar A, Rooki H, Esmaeili H, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. An imbalance in serum concentrations of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 8: 614–623, 2014. doi:10.1016/j.jash.2014.05.007.
185. Müller DN, Dechend R, Mervaala EM, Park JK, Schmidt F, Fiebeler A, Theuer J, Breu V, Ganten D, Haller H, Luft FC. NF-kappaB inhibition ameliorates angiotensin IIinduced inflammatory damage in rats. Hypertension 35: 193–201, 2000. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.35.1.193.
186. Müller DN, Shagdarsuren E, Park JK, Dechend R, Mervaala E, Hampich F, Fiebeler A, Ju X, Finckenberg P, Theuer J, Viedt C, Kreuzer J, Heidecke H, Haller H, Zenke M, Luft FC. Immunosuppressive treatment protects against angiotensin II-induced renal damage. Am J Pathol 161: 1679–1693, 2002. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64445-8.
187. Murphy SR, Dahly-Vernon AJ, Dunn KM, Chen CC, Ledbetter SR, Williams JM, Roman RJ. Renoprotective effects of anti-TGF-β antibody and antihypertensive therapies in Dahl S rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 303: R57-R69, 2012. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00263.2011.
188. Nakamura Y, Yamamoto N, Sakai K, Takano T. Antihypertensive effect of sour milk and peptides isolated from it that are inhibitors to angiotensin I-converting enzyme. J Dairy Sci 78: 1253–1257, 1995. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76745-5.
189. Nava M, Quiroz Y, Vaziri N, Rodríguez-Iturbe B. Melatonin reduces renal interstitial inflammation and improves hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 284: F447–F454, 2003. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00264.2002.
190. Navar LG. The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in hypertension. Kidney Int 65: 1522–1532, 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00539.x.
191. Navar LG, Harrison-Bernard LM, Nishiyama A, Kobori H. Regulation of intrarenal angiotensin II in hypertension. Hypertension 39: 316–322, 2002. doi:10.1161/hy0202.103821.
192. Nguyen H, Chiasson VL, Chatterjee P, Kopriva SE, Young KJ, Mitchell BM. Interleukin- 17 causes Rho-kinase-mediated endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 97: 696–704, 2013. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvs422.
193. Norlander AE, Saleh MA, Kamat NV, Ko B, Gnecco J, Zhu L, Dale BL, Iwakura Y, Hoover RS, McDonough AA, Madhur MS. Interleukin-17A regulates renal sodium transporters and renal injury in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Hypertension 68: 167–174, 2016. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07493.
194. Okamoto K, Aoki K. Development of a strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jpn Circ J 27: 282–293, 1963. doi:10.1253/jcj.27.282.
195. Okamoto K, Hazama F, Yamori Y, Haebara H, Nagaoka A. Pathogenesis and prevention of stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 2: 161s–163s, 1975.
196. Okuda T, Grollman A. Passive transfer of autoimmune induced hypertension in the rat by lymph node cells. Tex Rep Biol Med 25: 257–264, 1967.
197. Olsen F. Transfer of arterial hypertension by splenic cells from DOCA-salt hypertensive and renal hypertensive rats to normotensive recipients. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand C 88: 1–5, 1980.
198. Olsen F, Hilden M, Ibsen H. Raised levels of immunoglobulins in serum of hypertensive patients. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B Microbiol Immunol 81: 775–778, 1973.
199. Olsen F, Loft B. Delayed hypersensitivity directed against arterial antigens in the hypertensive disease in man. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 81: 498–500, 1973.
200. Omi T, Kumada M, Kamesaki T, Okuda H, Munkhtulga L, Yanagisawa Y, Utsumi N, Gotoh T, Hata A, Soma M, Umemura S, Ogihara T, Takahashi N, Tabara Y, Shimada K, Mano H, Kajii E, Miki T, Iwamoto S. An intronic variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms of the cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome 1 (CIAS1) gene modifies gene expression and is associated with essential hypertension. Eur J Hum Genet 14: 1295–1305, 2006. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201698.
201. Page IH. The production of persistent arterial hypertension by cellophane perinephritis. JAMA 113: 2046–2048, 1939. doi:10.1001/jama.1939.02800480032008.
202. Page IH. Pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. J Am Med Assoc 140: 451–458, 1949. doi:10.1001/jama.1949.02900400005002.
203. Panoulas VF, Metsios GS, Pace AV, John H, Treharne GJ, Banks MJ, Kitas GD. Hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47: 1286–1298, 2008. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken159.
204. Park JK, Fischer R, Dechend R, Shagdarsuren E, Gapeljuk A, Wellner M, Meiners S, Gratze P, Al-Saadi N, Feldt S, Fiebeler A, Madwed JB, Schirdewan A, Haller H, Luft FC, Müller DN. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition ameliorates angiotensin II-induced target organ damage. Hypertension 49: 481–489, 2007. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000256831.33459.ea.
205. Parra G, Quiroz Y, Salazar J, Bravo Y, Pons H, Chavez M, Johnson RJ, Rodriguez- Iturbe B. Experimental induction of salt-sensitive hypertension is associated with lymphocyte proliferative response to HSP70. Kidney Int Suppl 74: S55–S59, 2008. doi:10.1038/ki.2008.513.
206. Pascual DW, Jin HK, Bost KL, Oparil S. Interleukin-2 does not attenuate hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 16: 468–471, 1990. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.16.4.468.
207. Peeters AC, Netea MG, Janssen MC, Kullberg BJ, Van der Meer JW, Thien T. Proinflammatory cytokines in patients with essential hypertension. Eur J Clin Invest 31: 31–36, 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00743.x.
208. Pei C, Barbour M, Fairlie-Clarke KJ, Allan D, Mu R, Jiang H-R. Emerging role of interleukin-33 in autoimmune diseases. Immunology 141: 9–17, 2014. doi:10.1111/imm.12174.
209. Pluznick J. A novel SCFA receptor, the microbiota, and blood pressure regulation. Gut Microbes 5: 202–207, 2014. doi:10.4161/gmic.27492.
210. Pockley AG, De Faire U, Kiessling R, Lemne C, Thulin T, Frostegård J. Circulating heat shock protein and heat shock protein antibody levels in established hypertension. J Hypertens 20: 1815–1820, 2002. doi:10.1097/00004872-200209000-00027.
211. Pons H, Ferrebuz A, Quiroz Y, Romero-Vasquez F, Parra G, Johnson RJ, Rodriguez- Iturbe B. Immune reactivity to heat shock protein 70 expressed in the kidney is cause of salt-sensitive hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 304: F289–F299, 2013. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00517.2012.
212. Prakken BJ, Wendling U, van der Zee R, Rutten VP, Kuis W, van Eden W. Induction of IL-10 and inhibition of experimental arthritis are specific features of microbial heat shock proteins that are absent for other evolutionarily conserved immunodominant proteins. J Immunol 167: 4147–4153, 2001. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4147.
213. Quiroz Y, Pons H, Gordon KI, Rincón J, Chávez M, Parra G, Herrera-Acosta J, Gómez-Garre D, Largo R, Egido J, Johnson RJ, Rodríguez-Iturbe B. Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the salt-sensitive hypertension resulting from short-term nitric oxide synthesis inhibition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281: F38–F47, 2001.
214. Rabkin SW. The role of interleukin 18 in the pathogenesis of hypertension-induced vascular disease. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 6: 192–199, 2009. doi:10.1038/ncpcardio1453.
215. Ribeiro MO, Antunes E, de Nucci G, Lovisolo SM, Zatz R. Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. A new model of arterial hypertension. Hypertension 20: 298–303, 1992. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.20.3.298.
216. Riteau N, Baron L, Villeret B, Guillou N, Savigny F, Ryffel B, Rassendren F, Le Bert M, Gombault A, Couillin I. ATP release and purinergic signaling: a common pathway for particle-mediated inflammasome activation. Cell Death Dis 3: e403, 2012. doi:10.1038/cddis.2012.144.
217. Rodriguez-Iturbe B. Autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Hypertension 67: 477–483, 2016. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06418.
218. Rodríguez-Iturbe B, Ferrebuz A, Vanegas V, Quiroz Y, Mezzano S, Vaziri ND. Early and sustained inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB prevents hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 315: 51–57, 2005. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.088062.
219. Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Franco M, Johnson RJ. Impaired pressure natriuresis is associated with interstitial inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 22: 37–44, 2013. doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32835b3d54.
220. Rodríguez-Iturbe B, Pons H, Quiroz Y, Gordon K, Rincón J, Chávez M, Parra G, Herrera-Acosta J, Gómez-Garre D, Largo R, Egido J, Johnson RJ. Mycophenolate mofetil prevents salt-sensitive hypertension resulting from angiotensin II exposure. Kidney Int 59: 2222–2232, 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00737.x.
221. Rodríguez-Iturbe B, Quiroz Y, Ferrebuz A, Parra G, Vaziri ND. Evolution of renal interstitial inflammation and NF-kappaB activation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Nephrol 24: 587–594, 2004. doi:10.1159/000082313.
222. Rodríguez-Iturbe B, Quiroz Y, Nava M, Bonet L, Chávez M, Herrera-Acosta J, Johnson RJ, Pons HA. Reduction of renal immune cell infiltration results in blood pressure control in genetically hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 282: F191–F201, 2002. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.0197.2001.
223. Rodríguez-Iturbe B, Zhan C-D, Quiroz Y, Sindhu RK, Vaziri ND. Antioxidant-rich diet relieves hypertension and reduces renal immune infiltration in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 41: 341–346, 2003. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000052833.20759.64.
224. Rudemiller NP, Crowley SD. Interactions between the immune and the renin-angiotensin systems in hypertension. Hypertension 68: 289–296, 2016. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.06591.
225. Rudemiller N, Lund H, Jacob HJ, Geurts AM, Mattson DL, PhysGen Knockout Program. CD247 modulates blood pressure by altering T-lymphocyte infiltration in the kidney. Hypertension 63: 559–564, 2014. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02191.
226. Rudemiller NP, Lund H, Priestley JR, Endres BT, Prokop JW, Jacob HJ, Geurts AM, Cohen EP, Mattson DL. Mutation of SH2B3 (LNK), a genome-wide association study candidate for hypertension, attenuates Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension via inflammatory modulation. Hypertension 65: 1111–1117, 2015. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04736.
227. Rudofsky UH, Dilwith RL, Roths JB, Lawrence DA, Kelley VE, Magro AM. Differences in the occurrence of hypertension among (NZBXNZW)F1, MRL-lpr, and BXSB mice with lupus nephritis. Am J Pathol 116: 107–114, 1984.
228. Ryan MJ. Immune mechanisms in hypertension. In: Colloquium Series on Integrated system Physiology, edited by Granger ND, Granger J. San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, 2013, p. 33–44.
229. Ryan MJ, McLemore GR Jr. Hypertension and impaired vascular function in a female mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292: R736–R742, 2007. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00168.2006.
230. 229a. Sabio JM, Vargas-Hitos JA, Navarrete-Navarrete N, Mediavilla JD, Jiménez-Jáimez J, Díaz-Chamorro A, Jiménez-Alonso J, Grupo Lupus Virgen de las Nieves. Prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension in young and old women with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 38: 1026–1032, 2011. doi:10.3899/jrheum.101132.
231. Saleh MA, McMaster WG, Wu J, Norlander AE, Funt SA, Thabet SR, Kirabo A, Xiao L, Chen W, Itani HA, Michell D, Huan T, Zhang Y, Takaki S, Titze J, Levy D, Harrison DG, Madhur MS. Lymphocyte adaptor protein LNK deficiency exacerbates hypertension and end-organ inflammation. J Clin Invest 125: 1189–1202, 2015. doi:10.1172/JCI76327.
232. Sander M, Hansen PG, Victor RG. Sympathetically mediated hypertension caused by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide. Hypertension 26: 691–695, 1995. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.26.4.691.
233. Sassard J, Lo M, Liu KL. Lyon genetically hypertensive rats: an animal model of “low renin hypertension”. Acta Pharmacol Sin 24: 1–6, 2003.
234. Schiffrin EL. Mechanisms of remodelling of small arteries, antihypertensive therapy and the immune system in hypertension. Clin Invest Med 38: E394–E402, 2015.
235. Schrader LI, Kinzenbaw DA, Johnson AW, Faraci FM, Didion SP. IL-6 deficiency protects against angiotensin II induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertrophy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27: 2576–2581, 2007. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.153080.
236. Schroder K, Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell 140: 821–832, 2010. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040.
237. Seaberg EC, Muñoz A, Lu M, Detels R, Margolick JB, Riddler SA, Williams CM, Phair JP, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Association between highly active antiretroviral therapy and hypertension in a large cohort of men followed from 1984 to 2003. AIDS 19: 953–960, 2005. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000171410.76607.f8.
238. Sela S, Mazor R, Amsalam M, Yagil C, Yagil Y, Kristal B. Primed polymorphonuclear leukocytes, oxidative stress, and inflammation antecede hypertension in the Sabra rat. Hypertension 44: 764–769, 2004. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000144480.10207.34.
239. Sesso HD, Buring JE, Rifai N, Blake GJ, Gaziano JM, Ridker PM. C-reactive protein and the risk of developing hypertension. JAMA 290: 2945–2951, 2003. doi:10.1001/jama.290.22.2945.
240. Sesso HD, Wang L, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Gaziano JM. Comparison of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein for the risk of developing hypertension in women. Hypertension 49: 304–310, 2007. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000252664.24294.ff.
241. Shagdarsuren E, Wellner M, Braesen JH, Park JK, Fiebeler A, Henke N, Dechend R, Gratze P, Luft FC, Müller DN. Complement activation in angiotensin II-induced organ damage. Circ Res 97: 716–724, 2005. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000182677.89816.38.
242. Shah KH, Shi P, Giani JF, Janjulia T, Bernstein EA, Li Y, Zhao T, Harrison DG, Bernstein KE, Shen XZ. Myeloid suppressor cells accumulate and regulate blood pressure in hypertension. Circ Res 117: 858–869, 2015. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306539.
243. Shao J, Nangaku M, Miyata T, Inagi R, Yamada K, Kurokawa K, Fujita T. Imbalance of T-cell subsets in angiotensin II-infused hypertensive rats with kidney injury. Hypertension 42: 31–38, 2003. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000075082.06183.4E.
244. Sheu WHH, Lee WJ, Chang RL, Chen YT. Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive subjects. Clin Exp Hypertens 22: 595–606, 2000. doi:10.1081/CEH-100100094.
245. Shi P, Diez-Freire C, Jun JY, Qi Y, Katovich MJ, Li Q, Sriramula S, Francis J, Sumners C, Raizada MK. Brain microglial cytokines in neurogenic hypertension. Hypertension 56: 297–303, 2010. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.150409.
246. Smart YC, Gillies AH, Waga SW, Carney SL, Smith AJ, Burton RC. Effects of captopril on circulating T lymphocyte subsets. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 25: 389–391, 1987.
247. Smith GD, Lawlor DA, Harbord R, Timpson N, Rumley A, Lowe GD, Day IN, Ebrahim S. Association of C-reactive protein with blood pressure and hypertension: life course confounding and mendelian randomization tests of causality. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25: 1051–1056, 2005. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000160351.95181.d0.
248. Sollinger D, Eißler R, Lorenz S, Strand S, Chmielewski S, Aoqui C, Schmaderer C, Bluyssen H, Zicha J, Witzke O, Scherer E, Lutz J, Heemann U, Baumann M. Damageassociated molecular pattern activated Toll-like receptor 4 signalling modulates blood pressure in L-NAME-induced hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 101: 464–472, 2014. 10.1093/cvr/cvt265.
249. Sommers SC, Relman AS, Smithwick RH. Histologic studies of kidney biopsy specimens from patients with hypertension. Am J Pathol 34: 685–715, 1958.
250. Sparks MA, Stegbauer J, Chen D, Gomez JA, Griffiths RC, Azad HA, Herrera M, Gurley SB, Coffman TM. Vascular type 1A angiotensin II receptors control blood pressure by regulating renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion. J Am Soc Nephrol 26: 2953–2962, 2015. doi:10.1681/ASN.2014080816.
251. Spradley FT, De Miguel C, Hobbs J, Pollock DM, Pollock JS. Mycophenolate mofetil prevents high-fat diet-induced hypertension and renal glomerular injury in Dahl SS rats. Physiol Rep 1: e00137, 2013. doi:10.1002/phy2.137.
252. Sriramula S, Cardinale JP, Francis J. Inhibition of TNF in the brain reverses alterations in RAS components and attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertension. PLoS One 8: e63847, 2013. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063847.
253. Sriramula S, Haque M, Majid DS, Francis J. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α in angiotensin II-mediated effects on salt appetite, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension 51: 1345–1351, 2008. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.102152.
254. Srivastava K, Narang R, Bhatia J, Saluja D. Expression of heat shock protein 70 gene and its correlation with inflammatory markers in essential hypertension. PLoS One 11: e0151060, 2016. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151060.
255. Sterzel RB, Luft FC, Gao Y, Schnermann J, Briggs JP, Ganten D, Waldherr R, Schnabel E, Kriz W. Renal disease and the development of hypertension in salt-sensitive Dahl rats. Kidney Int 33: 1119–1129, 1988. doi:10.1038/ki.1988.120.
256. Stewart T, Jung FF, Manning J, Vehaskari VM. Kidney immune cell infiltration and oxidative stress contribute to prenatally programmed hypertension. Kidney Int 68: 2180–2188, 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00674.x.
257. Sturgis LC, Cannon JG, Schreihofer DA, Brands MW. The role of aldosterone in mediating the dependence of angiotensin hypertension on IL-6. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R1742–R1748, 2009. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90995.2008.
258. Suga SI, Phillips MI, Ray PE, Raleigh JA, Vio CP, Kim YG, Mazzali M, Gordon KL, Hughes J, Johnson RJ. Hypokalemia induces renal injury and alterations in vasoactive mediators that favor salt sensitivity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281: F620–F629, 2001.
259. Sung KC, Suh JY, Kim BS, Kang JH, Kim H, Lee MH, Park JR, Kim SW. High sensitivity C-reactive protein as an independent risk factor for essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 16: 429–433, 2003. doi:10.1016/S0895-7061(03)00566-1.
260. Surana NK, Kasper DL. Deciphering the tête-a`-tête between the microbiota and the immune system. J Clin Invest 124: 4197–4203, 2014. doi:10.1172/JCI72332.
261. Svendsen UG. Studies elucidating the importance of thymus on the degree of increased blood pressure and vascular disease in renal hypertensive mice. A comparison of the disease in nude and haired littermates. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 83: 568–572, 1975.
262. Svendsen UG. The role of thymus for the development and prognosis of hypertension and hypertensive vascular disease in mice following renal infarction. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 84: 235–243, 1976.
263. Svendsen UG. Evidence for an initial, thymus independent and a chronic, thymus dependent phase of DOCA and salt hypertension in mice. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 84: 523–528, 1976.
264. Svendsen UG. Spontaneous hypertension and hypertensive vascular disease in the NZB strain of mice. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 85: 548–554, 1977.
265. Szabo SJ, Kim ST, Costa GL, Zhang X, Fathman CG, Glimcher LH. A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment. Cell 100: 655–669, 2000. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80702-3.
266. Taherzadeh Z, VanBavel E, de Vos J, Matlung HL, van Montfrans G, Brewster LM, Seghers L, Quax PH, Bakker EN. Strain-dependent susceptibility for hypertension in mice resides in the natural killer gene complex. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 298: H1273–H1282, 2010. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00508.2009.
267. Takeichi N, Ba D, Kobayashi H. Natural cytotoxic autoantibody against thymocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cell Immunol 60: 181–190, 1981. doi:10.1016/0008-8749(81)90258-6.
268. Takeichi N, Suzuki K, Okayasu T, Kobayashi H. Immunological depression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Immunol 40: 120–126, 1980.
269. Takesue K, Kishi T, Hirooka Y, Sunagawa K. Activation of microglia within paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus is NOT involved in maintenance of established hypertension. J Cardiol 69: 84–88, 2017. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.01.004.
270. Thompson JA, Webb RC. Potential role of Toll-like receptors in programming of vascular dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 125: 19–25, 2013. doi:10.1042/CS20120673.
271. Thorand B, Kolb H, Baumert J, Koenig W, Chambless L, Meisinger C, Illig T, Martin S, Herder C. Elevated levels of interleukin-18 predict the development of type 2 diabetes: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Study, 1984-2002. Diabetes 54: 2932–2938, 2005. doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.10.2932.
272. Tian N, Gu JW, Jordan S, Rose RA, Hughson MD, Manning RD Jr. Immune suppression prevents renal damage and dysfunction and reduces arterial pressure in salt-sensitive hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H1018–H1025, 2007. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00487.2006.
273. Tian N, Moore RS, Braddy S, Rose RA, Gu JW, Hughson MD, Manning RD Jr. Interactions between oxidative stress and inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H3388–H3395, 2007. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00981.2007.
274. Tian N, Thrasher KD, Gundy PD, Hughson MD, Manning RD Jr. Antioxidant treatment prevents renal damage and dysfunction and reduces arterial pressure in saltsensitive hypertension. Hypertension 45: 934–939, 2005. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000160404.08866.5a.
275. Tinsley JH, South S, Chiasson VL, Mitchell BM. Interleukin-10 reduces inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298: R713–R719, 2010. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00712.2009.
276. + storage in the skin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H203–H208, 2004. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01237.2003.
277. Todryk SM, Gough MJ, Pockley AG. Facets of heat shock protein 70 show immunotherapeutic potential. Immunology 110: 1–9, 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01725.x.
278. Touyz RM, Schiffrin EL. Reactive oxygen species in vascular biology: implications in hypertension. Histochem Cell Biol 122: 339–352, 2004. doi:10.1007/s00418-004-0696-7.
279. + T cells play a critical role in the development of hypertension. Hypertension 64: 1108–1115, 2014. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04147.
280. Tsao DA, Yu HS, Cheng JT, Ho CK, Chang HR. The change of beta-adrenergic system in lead-induced hypertension. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 164: 127–133, 2000. doi:10.1006/taap.1999.8871.
281. Tschopp J, Schroder K. NLRP3 inflammasome activation: the convergence of multiple signalling pathways on ROS production? Nat Rev Immunol 10: 210–215, 2010. doi:10.1038/nri2725.
282. Tschopp TB, Zucker MB. Hereditary defect in platelet function in rats. Blood 40: 217–226, 1972.
283. Tuttle RS, Boppana DP. Antihypertensive effect of interleukin-2. Hypertension 15: 89–94, 1990. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.15.1.89.
284. Uehara Y, Hirawa N, Kawabata Y, Akie Y, Ichikawa A, Funahashi N, Omata M. Immunosuppressant HR-325 attenuates progression of malignant arteritis in the kidney of Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertens Res 20: 91–97, 1997. doi:10.1291/hypres.20.91.
285. Valente AJ, Yoshida T, Murthy SN, Sakamuri SS, Katsuyama M, Clark RA, Delafontaine P, Chandrasekar B. Angiotensin II enhances AT1-Nox1 binding and stimulates arterial smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation through AT1, Nox1, and interleukin- 18. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 303: H282–H296, 2012. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00231.2012.
286. Van Heuven-Nolsen D, De Kimpe SJ, Muis T, van Ark I, Savelkoul H, Beems RB, van Oosterhout AJ, Nijkamp FP. Opposite role of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 on the regulation of blood pressure in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 254: 816–820, 1999. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8742.
287. Vanegas V, Ferrebuz A, Quiroz Y, Rodríguez-Iturbe B. Hypertension in Page (cellophane- wrapped) kidney is due to interstitial nephritis. Kidney Int 68: 1161–1170, 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00508.x.
288. Vaziri ND, Lin CY, Farmand F, Sindhu RK. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and NADPH oxidase in lead-induced hypertension. Kidney Int 63: 186–194, 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00711.x.
289. Vaziri ND, Rodríguez-Iturbe B. Mechanisms of disease: oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2: 582–593, 2006. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0283.
290. Venegas-Pont M, Manigrasso MB, Grifoni SC, LaMarca BB, Maric C, Racusen LC, Glover PH, Jones AV, Drummond HA, Ryan MJ. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist etanercept decreases blood pressure and protects the kidney in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Hypertension 56: 643–649, 2010. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.157685.
291. Venegas-Pont M, Sartori-Valinotti JC, Maric C, Racusen LC, Glover PH, McLemore GR Jr, Jones AV, Reckelhoff JF, Ryan MJ. Rosiglitazone decreases blood pressure and renal injury in a female mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 296: R1282–R1289, 2009. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90992.2008.
292. Verhagen AMG, Rabelink TJ, Braam B, Opgenorth TJ, Gröne HJ, Koomans HA, Joles JA. Endothelin A receptor blockade alleviates hypertension and renal lesions associated with chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition. J Am Soc Nephrol 9: 755–762, 1998.
293. Viel EC, Lemarié CA, Benkirane K, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Immune regulation and vascular inflammation in genetic hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 298: H938–H944, 2010. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00707.2009.
294. Vinh A, Chen W, Blinder Y, Weiss D, Taylor WR, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM, Harrison DG, Guzik TJ. Inhibition and genetic ablation of the B7/CD28 T-cell costimulation axis prevents experimental hypertension. Circulation 122: 2529–2537, 2010. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.930446.
295. Vivier E, van de Pavert SA, Cooper MD, Belz GT. The evolution of innate lymphoid cells. Nat Immunol 17: 790–794, 2016. doi:10.1038/ni.3459.
296. Vonend O, Turner CM, Chan CM, Loesch A, Dell’Anna GC, Srai KS, Burnstock G, Unwin RJ. Glomerular expression of the ATP-sensitive P2X receptor in diabetic and hypertensive rat models. Kidney Int 66: 157–166, 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00717.x.
297. Wade B, Abais-Battad JM, Mattson DL. Role of immune cells in salt-sensitive hypertension and renal injury. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 25: 22–27, 2016. doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000183.
298. Wallukat G, Schimke I. Agonistic autoantibodies directed against G-protein-coupled receptors and their relationship to cardiovascular diseases. Semin Immunopathol 36: 351–363, 2014. doi:10.1007/s00281-014-0425-9.
299. Wang H, Yu M, Ochani M, Amella CA, Tanovic M, Susarla S, Li JH, Wang H, Yang H, Ulloa L, Al-Abed Y, Czura CJ, Tracey KJ. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation. Nature 421: 384–388, 2003. doi:10.1038/nature01339.
300. Webster KE, Walters S, Kohler RE, Mrkvan T, Boyman O, Surh CD, Grey ST, Sprent J. In vivo expansion of T reg cells with IL-2-mAb complexes: induction of resistance to EAE and long-term acceptance of islet allografts without immunosuppression. J Exp Med 206: 751–760, 2009. doi:10.1084/jem.20082824.
301. Wei F, Jia XJ, Yu SQ, Gu Y, Wang L, Guo XM, Wang M, Zhu F, Cheng X, Wei YM, Zhou ZH, Fu M, Liao YH, SOT-AT1 Study Group. Candesartan versus imidapril in hypertension: a randomised study to assess effects of anti-AT1 receptor autoantibodies. Heart 97: 479–484, 2011. doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.192104.
302. Weisheit CK, Engel DR, Kurts C. Dendritic cells and macrophages: sentinels in the kidney. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 10: 1841–1851, 2015. doi:10.2215/CJN.07100714.
303. Wendling U, Paul L, van der Zee R, Prakken B, Singh M, van Eden W. A conserved mycobacterial heat shock protein (hsp) 70 sequence prevents adjuvant arthritis upon nasal administration and induces IL-10-producing T cells that cross-react with the mammalian self-hsp70 homologue. J Immunol 164: 2711–2717, 2000. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.5.2711.
304. Wenzel P, Knorr M, Kossmann S, Stratmann J, Hausding M, Schuhmacher S, Karbach SH, Schwenk M, Yogev N, Schulz E, Oelze M, Grabbe S, Jonuleit H, Becker C, Daiber A, Waisman A, Münzel T. Lysozyme M-positive monocytes mediate angiotensin IIinduced arterial hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Circulation 124: 1370–1381, 2011. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.034470.
305. White FN, Grollman A. Autoimmune factors associated with infarction of the kidney. Nephron 1: 93–102, 1964. doi:10.1159/000179322.
306. Wiig H, Schröder A, Neuhofer W, Jantsch J, Kopp C, Karlsen TV, Boschmann M, Goss J, Bry M, Rakova N, Dahlmann A, Brenner S, Tenstad O, Nurmi H, Mervaala E, Wagner H, Beck FX, Müller DN, Kerjaschki D, Luft FC, Harrison DG, Alitalo K, Titze J. Immune cells control skin lymphatic electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure. J Clin Invest 123: 2803–2815, 2013. doi:10.1172/JCI60113.
307. Wilcox CS. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide deficiency in the kidney: a critical link to hypertension? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289: R913–R935, 2005. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00250.2005.
308. Worou ME, Liao TD, D’Ambrosio M, Nakagawa P, Janic B, Peterson EL, Rhaleb NE, Carretero OA. Renal protective effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline in dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertension 66: 816–822, 2015. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05970.
309. Wu KLH, Chan SHH, Chan JYH. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in rostral ventrolateral medulla contribute to neurogenic hypertension induced by systemic inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 9: 212–227, 2012. doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-212.
310. Wu T, Ma J, Chen S, Sun Y, Xiao C, Gao Y, Wang R, Poudrier J, Dargis M, Currie RW, Tanguay RM. Association of plasma antibodies against the inducible Hsp70 with hypertension and harsh working conditions. Cell Stress Chaperones 6: 394–401, 2001. doi:10.1379/1466-1268(2001)0060394:AOPAAT2.0.CO;2.
311. Wu J, Saleh MA, Kirabo A, Itani HA, Montaniel KR, Xiao L, Chen W, Mernaugh RL, Cai H, Bernstein KE, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM, Curci JA, Barbaro NR, Moreno H, Davies SS, Roberts LJ II, Madhur MS, Harrison DG. Immune activation caused by vascular oxidation promotes fibrosis and hypertension. J Clin Invest 126: 50–67, 2016. doi:10.1172/JCI80761.
312. Wu C, Yosef N, Thalhamer T, Zhu C, Xiao S, Kishi Y, Regev A, Kuchroo VK. Induction of pathogenic TH17 cells by inducible salt-sensing kinase SGK1. Nature 496: 513–517, 2013. doi:10.1038/nature11984.
313. Xia Y, Kellems RE. Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies and hypertension: preeclampsia and beyond. Circ Res 113: 78–87, 2013. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300752.
314. Xiao L, Kirabo A, Wu J, Saleh MA, Zhu L, Wang F, Takahashi T, Loperena R, Foss JD, Mernaugh RL, Chen W, Roberts J II, Osborn JW, Itani HA, Harrison DG. Renal denervation prevents immune cell activation and renal inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Circ Res 117: 547–557, 2015. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306010.
315. + expression in human primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells through the Toll-like receptor 4-mediated pathway. Int J Mol Med 35: 1347–1354, 2015. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2015.2148.
316. Yaguas K, Bautista R, Quiroz Y, Ferrebuz A, Pons H, Franco M, Vaziri ND, Rodriguez- Iturbe B. Chronic sildenafil treatment corrects endothelial dysfunction and improves hypertension. Am J Nephrol 31: 283–291, 2010. doi:10.1159/000279307.
317. Yamori Y, Ikeda K, Kulakowski EC, McCarty R, Lovenberg W. Enhanced sympatheticadrenal medullary response to cold exposure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 3: 63–66, 1985. doi:10.1097/00004872-198502000-00010.
318. Yang T, Santisteban MM, Rodriguez V, Li E, Ahmari N, Carvajal JM, Zadeh M, Gong M, Qi Y, Zubcevic J, Sahay B, Pepine CJ, Raizada MK, Mohamadzadeh M. Gut dysbiosis is linked to hypertension. Hypertension 65: 1331–1340, 2015. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05315.
319. Yatim KM, Gosto M, Humar R, Williams AL, Oberbarnscheidt MH. Renal dendritic cells sample blood-borne antigen and guide T-cell migration to the kidney by means of intravascular processes. Kidney Int 90: 818–827, 2016. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2016.05.030
320. +T cells and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 chemokines are increased in human hypertension. Hypertension 62: 126–133, 2013. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.00689.
321. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, McQueen M, Budaj A, Pais P, Varigos J, Lisheng L, INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 364: 937–952, 2004. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9.
322. Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Romo-Martínez EJ, Durán-Avelar MJ, García-Magallanes N, Vibanco-Pérez N. Th17 cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases. Int J Inflamm 2014: 651503, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/651503.
323. Zewinger S, Schumann T, Fliser D, Speer T. Innate immunity in CKD-associated vascular diseases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 31: 1813–1821, 2016. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfv358.
324. Zhang J, Crowley SD. Role of T lymphocytes in hypertension. Curr Opin Pharmacol 21: 14–19, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2014.12.003.
325. Zhang JD, Patel MB, Griffiths R, Dolber PC, Ruiz P, Sparks MA, Stegbauer J, Jin H, Gomez JA, Buckley AF, Lefler WS, Chen D, Crowley SD. Type 1 angiotensin receptors on macrophages ameliorate IL-1 receptor-mediated kidney fibrosis. J Clin Invest 124: 2198–2203, 2014. doi:10.1172/JCI61368.
326. Zhang J, Patel MB, Griffiths R, Mao A, Song YS, Karlovich NS, Sparks MA, Jin H, Wu M, Lin EE, Crowley SD. Tumor necrosis factor-produced in the kidney contributes to angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Hypertension 64: 1275–1281, 2014. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03863.
327. Zhang JD, Patel MB, Song YS, Griffiths R, Burchette J, Ruiz P, Sparks MA, Yan M, Howell DN, Gomez JA, Spurney RF, Coffman TM, Crowley SD. A novel role for type 1 angiotensin receptors on T lymphocytes to limit target organ damage in hypertension. Circ Res 110: 1604–1617, 2012. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.261768.
328. Zhang J, Rudemiller NP, Patel MB, Karlovich NS, Wu M, McDonough AA, Griffiths R, Sparks MA, Jeffs AD, Crowley SD. Interleukin-1 receptor activation potentiates salt reabsorption in angiotensin II-induced hypertension via the NKCC2 co-transporter in the nephron. Cell Metab 23: 360–368, 2016. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.11.013.
329. Zhou X, Fukuda N, Matsuda H, Endo M, Wang X, Saito K, Ueno T, Matsumoto T, Matsumoto K, Soma M, Kobayashi N, Nishiyama A. Complement 3 activates the renal renin-angiotensin system by induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of the nephrotubulus in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 305: F957–F967, 2013. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00344.2013.
330. Zhou L, Lopes JE, Chong MMW, Ivanov II, Min R, Victora GD, Shen Y, Du J, Rubtsov YP, Rudensky AY, Ziegler SF, Littman DR. TGF-β induced Foxp3 inhibits T(H)17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORgammat function. Nature 453: 236-240, 2008. doi:10.1038/nature06878.
331. Zhu F, Sun Y, Wang M, Ma S, Chen X, Cao A, Chen F, Qiu Y, Liao Y. Correlation between HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 polymorphism and autoantibodies against angiotensin AT(1) receptors in Chinese patients with essential hypertension. Clin Cardiol 34: 302–308, 2011. doi:10.1002/clc.20852.
332. Zimmerman MC, Lazartigues E, Lang JA, Sinnayah P, Ahmad IM, Spitz DR, Davisson RL. Superoxide mediates the actions of angiotensin II in the central nervous system. Circ Res 91: 1038–1045, 2002. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000043501.47934.FA.
333. Zimmerman MC, Lazartigues E, Sharma RV, Davisson RL. Hypertension caused by angiotensin II infusion involves increased superoxide production in the central nervous system. Circ Res 95: 210–216, 2004. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000135483.12297.e4.
334. Zirlik A, Abdullah SM, Gerdes N, MacFarlane L, Schönbeck U, Khera A, McGuire DK, Vega GL, Grundy S, Libby P, de Lemos JA. Interleukin-18, the metabolic syndrome, and subclinical atherosclerosis: results from the Dallas Heart Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27: 2043–2049, 2007. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.149484.