Blood lead and blood pressure: Evidence from the Health Survey for England 1995

Journal of Human Hypertension

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 123-128

  Bost, L ^a   Primatesta, P ^a   Dong, W ^a   Poulter, N ^b  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Blood lead; Blood pressure; Pressor effect

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; LEAD;

ADULT; AGE; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; SOCIAL CLASS; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0032989107     PISSN: 09509240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000771     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Tanquerel des Planches L. Traite des maladies de plomb ou saturnines. Paris: 1839, p 550.
2. Pirkle JL et al. The decline in blood lead levels in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). JAMA 1994; 272: 284-291.
3. Victery W et al. Summary of discussions: symposium on lead-blood pressure relationships. In: Victery W (ed). Symposium on lead-blood pressure relationships, April 1987, Environmental Health Perspective: Chapel Hill NG. 1988; 78: pp 139-155.
4. National Research Council. Measuring Lead Exposure in Critical Populations. National Academy Press: Washington DC, 1993, p 97.
5. Hertz-Picciotto I, Croft J. Review of the relationship between blood lead and blood pressure. Epidem Reviews 1993; 15: 352-373.
6. Schwartz J. Lead, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease in men. Arch of Environ Health 1995; 50: 31-37.
7. Staessen SJ et al. Hypertension caused by low-level lead exposure: myth or fact? J Cardiovasc Risk 1994; 1: 87-92.
8. Beevers DG et al. Blood lead and hypertension. Lancet 1976; ii: 1-3.
9. Pocock SJ et al. Blood lead concentration, blood pressure, and renal function. Br Med J 1984; 289: 872-874.
10. Pocock SJ et al. The relationship between blood lead concentration, blood pressure, stroke and heart attacks in middle-aged British men. Environ Health Perspect 1988; 78: 23-30.
11. Staessen J et al. Blood lead concentration, renal function, and blood pressure in London civil servants. Br J of Ind Med 1990; 47: 442-447.
12. Prescott-Clarke, Primatesta P (eds). Health Survey for England 1995. The Stationery Office: London, 1997.
13. Bolling K. Dinamap 8100 calibration study. OPCS. HMSO: London, 1994.
14. Delves HT. A microsampling method for the determination of lead in blood by atomic absorption spectrophophotometry. Analyst 1970; 95: 431-438.
15. Dong W, Primatesta P, Bost L. Blood Pressure. In: Prescott-Clarke T, Primatesta P (eds). Health Survey for England 1995. The Sationery Office: London, 1997.
16. Dong W, Colhoun H, Lampe H. Blood pressure. In: Colhoun H, Prescott-Clarke T (eds). Health Survey for England 1994. HMSO: London, 1996.
17. STATA Reference Manual, Release 5, Volume 2. Stata Press: College Station, Texas, 1997.
18. Schwartz J. Lead, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease in men. Arch of Environ Health 1995: 50: 31-37.
19. Rhainds M, Levallois P. Effects of maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on blood lead levels of newborns. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145: 250-257.
20. Menditto A et al. Association of blood lead and blood pressure in men aged 55 to 75 years: effect of selected social and biochemical confounders. Environ Health Perspect 1994; 102: 107-111.
21. White I, Chaturvedi N, McKeigue P. Median analysis of blood pressure for a sample including treated hypertensives. Stat Med 1994; 13: 1635-1641.
22. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Br Med J 1988; 297: 319-328.
23. Sharp DS et al. Elevated blood pressure in treated hypertensives with low-level lead accumulation. Arch Environ Health 1989; 44: 18-22.
24. Wolf C et al. Effect of blood lead on blood pressure in occupationally nonexposed men. Am J Indust Medic 1995; 27: 897-903.
25. Kirkby H, Gyntelberg F. Blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors of long-term exposure to lead. Scand J Work Environ Health 1985; 11: 15-19.
26. Harlan WR et al. Blood lead and blood pressure, relationship in the adolescent and adult US population. JAMA 1985; 253: 530-534.
27. Pocock SJ et al. The relationship between blood lead, blood pressure, stroke, and heart attacks in middle-aged British men. Environ Health Perspect 1988; 78: 23-30.
28. Elwood PC et al. Blood pressure and blood lead in surveys in Wales. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 127: 942-945.
29. Grandjean P et al. Blood lead-blood pressure relations: alcohol intake and hemoglobin as confounders. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 129: 732-739.
30. Staessen J et al. The association between blood pressure, calcium, and other divalent cations: a population study. J Hum Hypertens 1991; 5: 485-494.
31. Bogden JD et al. Dietary lead and calcium: effects on blood pressure and renal neoplasia in Wistar rats. J Nutr 1991; 121: 718-728.
32. Fouts PJ, Page IH. The effect of chronic lead poisoning on arterial blood pressure in dogs. Am Heart J 1942; 24: 329-331.
33. Perry HM, Erlanger MW. Pressor effects of chronically feeding calcium and lead together. In: Trace substances in Environmental Health-XII: Proceedings of the University of Missouri's 12th annual Conference on trace substances in Environmental Health, Colmbia, MO. Hemphill DD (ed) University of Missouri: Columbia, MO, 1978, pp 268-275.
34. Staessen JA, Roels H, Fagard R. Lead exposure and conventional and ambulatory blood pressure. JAMA 1996; 275: 1563-1570.
35. Neri LC, Hewitt D, Orser B. Blood lead and blood pressure: analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal data from Canada. Environ Health Perspect 1988; 78: 123-126.
36. Weiss ST et al. The relationship of blood lead to blood pressure in a longitudinal study of working men. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 123: 800-880.
37. O'Brien E, Mee F, Atkins N, O'Malley K. Short report: accuracy of the Dinamap portable monitor, model 8100 determined by the British Hypertension Society protocol. J Hypertens 1993; 11: 761-763.
38. Delves HT. Overview of UK and international studies on trends in blood lead, and the use of lead isotope ratios to environmental sources. Recent UK Blood Lead Surveys. Institute for Environment and Health: Leicester, 1998.
39. Thornton I. Trends in environmental lead levels: implications to human exposure. Recent UK Blood Lead Surveys. Institute for Environment and Health: Leicester, 1998.