The sympathetic nerve - An integrative interface between two supersystems: The brain and the immune system

Pharmacological Reviews

Volumn 52, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 595-638

  Elenkov, Ilia J ^a,b   Wilder, Ronald L ^a   Chrousos, George P ^b   Vizi, E Sylvester ^c,d  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES   (United States)

^b EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

^c INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE   (Hungary)

^d SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; CATECHOLAMINE; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 8; NORADRENALIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; AUTOIMMUNITY; CANCER GROWTH; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; CHRONIC PAIN; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; FIBROMYALGIA; HEMATOPOIESIS; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOMODULATION; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; NORADRENALIN RELEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEPSIS; SYMPATHETIC NERVE; TH1 CELL; TH2 CELL;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; CYTOKINES; GROWTH SUBSTANCES; HEMATOPOIESIS; HUMANS; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTES; LYMPHOID TISSUE; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; NOREPINEPHRINE; RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM;

EID: 0033638849     PISSN: 00316997     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

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240. Neonatal sympathetic denervation alters development of natural killer (NK) cell activity in F344 rats
241. Catecholamine influences and sympathetic neural modulation of immune responsiveness
242. Modulation of hematopoiesis via alpha 1-adrenergic receptors on bone marrow cells
243. Noradrenergic modulation of lymphohematopoiesis
244. Effect of adrenergic agents on hematopoiesis after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice
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248. Norepinephrine and vasoactive intestinal peptide induce IL-6 secretion by astrocytes: Synergism with IL-1 beta and TNF alpha
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254. 2-adrenargic agonist salbutamol is a potent suppressor of established collagen-induced arthritis: Mechanisms of action
255. Mast cell numbers in rheumatoid synovial tissues. Correlations with quantitative measures of lymphocytic infiltration and modulation by antiinflammatory therapy
256. Prolonged beta adrenoceptor stimulation up-regulates cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in human monocytes by increasing mRNA and protein for phosphodiesterases 4A and 4B
257. Regulation of interleukin 2 synthesis by cAMP in human T cells
258. Interferon-gamma plus lipopolysaccharide induction of delayed neuronal apoptesis in rat hippocampus
259. Changes in the expression of potassium channels during mouse T cell development
260. Tumor necrosis factor in the heart
261. Analysis of B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory ligands incultured mouse microglia: Upregulation byinterferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide and downregulation by interieukin-10, prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP-elevating agents
262. Role des reflexes conditionnels dans l'immunite
263. Role of sympathetic postganglionic neurons in synovial plasma extravasation induced by bradykinim
264. Sensitization by dexamethasone of lymphocyte cyclic AMP formation: Evidence for increased function of the adenylyl cyclase catalyst
265. Binding of alpha-adrenergic receptors stimulates the anti-mycobacterial activity of murine peritoneal macrophages
266. Innervation of bone marrow in the rabbit
267. Adrenergic modulation of erythropoiesis: In vitro studies of colony-forming cells in normal and polycythaemic man
268. Salmeterol inhibits interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
269. The immune response evokes up- and down-modulation of beta2-adrenergic receptor messenger RNA concentration in the male rat thymus
270. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more
271. Decrease of the D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression in lymphocytes from patients with Parkinson's disease
272. Expression of the D3 dopamine receptor gene and a novel variant transcript generated by alternative splicing in human peripheral blood lymphocytes
273. Effect of neuropeptide Y on natural killer activity of normal human lymphocytes
274. Regulation of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6 gone transcription by beta2-adrenoceptor in the rat astrocytes
275. Effects of IL-1 and cortisol on beta-adrenergic receptors, cell proliferation, and differentiation in cultured human A549 lung tumor cells
276. Calcium channel blockers and dantrolene differentially regulate the production of interleukin-12 and interferon-y in endotoxemic mice
277. Amrinone and theophylline differentially regulate cytokine and nitric oxide production in endotoxemic mice
278. Effect of the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor amrinone on cytokine and nitric oxide production in immunostimulated J774.1 macrophages
279. RelA/p65 is a molecular target for the immunoanppressive action of protein kinase A
280. Beta-adrenergic modulation of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst is dependent upon the mechanism of cell activation
281. The effects ofinterleukin-1beta on the activity of adrenal, splenic and renal sympathetic nerves in the rat
282. Interleukin-6 production by astrocytes: Induction by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
283. Innervation of lymph nodes: A combined silver impregnation and electron-microscopic study
284. Thymic irmervation in the rat: A light and electron microscopical study
285. IL-6 increases choline acetyltransferase but not neuropeptide transcripts in sympathetic neurons
286. Major injury leads to predominance of the T helper-2 lymphocyte phenotype and diminished interleukin-12 production associated with decreased resistance to infection
287. Central nervous system influences on lymphocyte migration
288. The influence of neuroendocrine pathways on lymphocyte migration
289. Heterogeneous neurochemical responses to different stressors: A test of Selye's doctrine of nonspecificity
290. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits the nuclear transcription of the human interleukin 2, but not the IL-4, gone in human T cells by targeting transcription factors AP-1 and NF-AT
291. Beta2-agonists prevent Th1 development by selective inhibition of interieukin 12
292. Exercise stimulates interleukin-6 secretion: Inhibition by glucocorticoids and correlation with catecholamines
293. Role of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein in cyclic AMP inhibition of NF-kappaB-mediated transcription
294. Cytokine production and its manipulation by vasoactive drugs
295. Effects of opioid substances on cAMP response to the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol in human mononuclear leukocytes
296. Intraindividual variation of beta 2-adrenergic receptors on mononuclear leukocytes and their relationships with endogenous plasma catecholamines in man
297. 125I]NPY binding sites
298. Transforming growth farter-beta2 selectively alters the developmental expression of the fast transient A-current in cultured rat superior cervical ganglion neurons
299. A new view of prostaglandin E regulation of the immune response
300. Pharmacological control of the hormonally modulated immune response. II. Blockade of antibody production by a combination of drugs acting on neuroendocrine functions. Its prevention by gonadotropins and corticotrophin
301. Brain injury and immunosuppression
302. Up-regulation of monocytic IL-10 by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cAMP elevating drugs
303. Lymphocyte hormone receptors
304. Catecholaminergic modulation of corticotropin-releasing factor and adrenocorticotropin secretion
305. The development of competence in resting B cells. The induction of cyclic AMP and ornithine decarboxylase activity after direct contact between B and T helper cells
306. Role of ion channels in lymphocytes
307. Electrodermal and microcirculatery activity in patients with fibromyalgia during baseline, acoustic stimulation and cold pressor tests
308. Changes in betaadrenergic receptor distribution on immunocytes during differentiation: An analysis of T cells and macrophages
309. Innervatiou of the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath of the spleen
310. Studies of the hemopoietic microenvironment. VIII. Andrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the murine spleen
311. Release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from macrophages. Enhancement and suppression are dose-dependently regulated by prostaglandin E2 and cyclic nucleotides
312. Dopamine D5 receptors in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: A radioligand binding study
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316. Interleukin-4 and nerve growth factor can act as cofactors for interleukin-3-induced histamine production in human umbilical cord blood cells in serum-free culture
317. Dopamine increases interleukin 6 release and inhibits tumor necrosis factor release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells in vitro
318. Endotoxin impedes vasoconstriction in the spleen: Role of endogenous interleukin-1 and sympathetic innervation
319. Psychoneuroimmunology of autoimmune disorders
320. Slower growth of tumours in sympathetically denervated murine skin
321. Suppression of TNF-alpha expression, inhibition of Th1 activity, and amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by rolipram
322. Cytokines and their receptors in the central nervous system: Physiology, pharmacology, and pathology
323. Prediction of outcome in intensive care patients using endocrine parameters
324. Is neurally mediated hypotension an unrecognized cause of chronic fatigue?
325. An innate view of human pregnancy
326. Normal pregnancy and preeclampsia both produc inflammatory changes in peripheral blood lekocytes akin to those of sepsis
327. Effects of insulin on mononuclear leukocyte beta-adrenoceptor density and adenylate cyclase coupling
328. The relationship between the sympathetic nerves and immunocytes in the spleen
329. Inhibition of noradranaline uptake 2 in the isolated rat heart by steroids, clonidine and methoxylated phenylethylamines
330. The role of adrenoceptor-mediated signals in the modulation of lymphocyte function
331. The role of norepinephrine and beta-2-adrenergic receptor stimulation in the modulation of Th1, Th2, and B lymphocyte function
332. Differential expression of the beta2-adrenergic receptor by Th1 and Th2 clones: Implications for cytokine production and B cell help
333. Nerve growth factor production by lymphocytes
334. Dopamine receptors on human T- and B-lymphocytes
335. Interleukin-1 stimulates the secretion of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor
336. Coexistence of presynaptic beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in splenic strips from young rats and betaxolol-induced beta 1-stereoselective antagonism
337. Catecholamines modulate human NK cell circulation and function via spleen-independent beta 2-adrenergic mechanisms
338. K channels are expressed early in human T-cell development
339. Involvement of the Ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase calcineurin in gene transcription that is stimulated by cAMP through cAMP response elements
340. An interleukin (IL)-10/IL-12 immunoregulatery circuit controls susceptibility to autoimmune disease
341. Thymus and adrenals in the response of the organism to injuries and intoxications
342. Ciliary neurotrophic factor protects hippocampal neurons from excitetoxic damage
343. Regulation of tumor necrosis factor production by adrenaline and beta-adrenergic agonists
344. Interleukin-1 induces substance P in sympathetic ganglia through the induction of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)
345. In vivo beta-adrenergic stimulation suppresses natural killer activity and compromises resistance to tumor metastasis in rats
346. An interleukin-1beta-induced noradrenaline release in the spleen is mediated by brain corticetropin-releasing factor: An in vivo microdialysis study in conscious rats
347. Adrenaline enhances LPS-induced IL-10 synthesis: Evidence for protein kinase A-mediated pathway
348. Growth factor effects on survival and development of calbindin immunopositive cultured septal neurons
349. Nerve growth factor: A survey of activity on immune and hematopoietic cells
350. Effect of catecholamines on lymphopoiesis in fetal mouse thymic explants
351. Studies on the maturation of thymus stem cells. The effects of catecholamines, histamine and peptide hormones on the expression of T cell alloantigens
352. Tumor necrosis factor modulates Ca2+ currents in cultured sympathetic neurons
353. Tumor necrosis factor modulates the inactivation of catecholamine secretion in cultured sympathetic neurons
354. Beta-adrenergic modulation of K+ current in human T lymphocytes
355. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulates nicotinic responses in mixed cultures of sympathetic neurons and nonneuronal cells
356. Increased intracellular Ca2+: A critical link in the pathophysiology of sepsis?
357. Evidence that cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors suppress TNF alpha generation from human monocytes by interacting with a 'low-affinity' phosphodiesterase 4 conformer
358. Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptor augments the production of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor
359. Presynaptic receptors
360. Synergistic regulation of pulmonary beta-adrenergic receptors by glucocorticoids and interleukin-1
361. Inflammatory mediator-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation is defective in streptococcal cell wall arthritis-susceptible Lewis rats
362. A central nervous system defect in biosynthesis of corticotropinreleasing hormone is associated with susceptibility to streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis in Lewis rats
363. 'Upstream' regulation of the release probability in sympathetic nerve varicosities
364. Central corticotropin-releasing hormone reduces cellular immunity
365. Regulation of interleukin-10 production by beta-adrenergic agonists
366. Intracerebroventricular infusion of interleukin 1 rapidly decreases peripheral cellular immune responses
367. Brain IL-1-induced immunosuppression occurs through activation of both pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system by corticotropin-releasing factor
368. Calcium entry blockers increase interieukin-10 production in endotoxemia
369. Isoproterenol regulates tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-10, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide production and protects against the development of vascular hyporeactivity in endotoxaemia
370. Local nonsynaptic modulation of aldosterone production by catecholamines and ATP in rat: Implications for a direct neuronal fine tuning
371. 2- β-adrenoceptors in the modulation of TNF-α and IL-10 production in endotoxaemic mice
372. 2- and β-adrenoceptors in mice
373. Noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation of the mouse femur bone marrow
374. The immune system as a supersystem
375. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes express D5 dopamine receptor gene and transcribe the two pseudogenes
376. B cell stimulatory factor-2 is involved in the differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes
377. Immobilization stress may increase plasma interleukin-6 via central and peripheral catecholamines
378. Dynamic norepinephrine alterations in bone marrow: Evidence of functional innervation
379. Not committing barbarisms: Sherrington and the synapse, 1897
380. Tissue-specific increase in norepinephrine turnover by central interleukin-1, but not by interleukin-6, in rats
381. Corticotropin-releasing hormone induces skin mast cell degranulation and increased vascular permeability, a possible explanation for its proinflammatory effects
382. Stress-induced intracranial mast cell degranulation: A corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated effect
383. Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase. Distinct forms in human lymphocytes and monocytes
384. Thyroid hormones and nervous system development
385. Impaired stress response and reduced anxiety in mice lacking a functional corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 Nat Goner
386. Respiratory mast cells and basophiloid cells. II. Effects of pharmacological agents on 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate content and on antigen-induced histamine release
387. Zur Kenntnis der Nerven der Lymphdrusen
388. The presynaptic alpha-2 autoreceptors in pig brain cortex are alpha-2A
389. Interleukin-12: A proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatery functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity
390. Cyclic AMP inhibits expression of the IL-2 gene through the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) site, and transfection of NF-AT cDNAs abrogates the sensitivity of EL-4 cells to cyclic AMP
391. Alpha 2A subtype of presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors modulates the release of [3H]noradrenaline from rat spinal cord
392. Physiologic effects of exhaustive physical exercise in primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS): Is PFS a disorder of neuroendocrine reactivity?
393. Epinephrine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha and potentiates interleukin 10 production during human endotoxemia
394. Noradrenaline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 production in human whole blood
395. Epinephrine inhibits endotoxin-induced IL-1 beta production: Roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10
396. Lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 8 production by human whole blood is enhanced by epinephrine and inhibited by hydrocortisone
397. Prostaglandin-E2 is a potent inhibitor of human interleukin 12 production
398. Plasma dopamine: Regulation and significance
399. Innervation of mouse lymph nodes: Nerve endings on muscular vessels and reticular cells
400. Presynaptic modulation of neurochemical transmission
401. Nonsynaptic modulation of transmitter release: Pharmacological implication
402. Physiological role of cytoplasmic and nonsynaptic release of transmitter
403. Receptor-mediated local fine-tuning by noradrenergic innervation of neuroendocrine and immune systems
404. Role of high-affinity receptors and membrane transporters in nonsynaptic comunication and drug action in the CNS
405. 2-adrenoceptors
406. Release and turnover of noradrenaline in isolated median eminence: Lack of negative feedback modulation
407. Presynaptic modulation of cholinergie and noradrenergic neurotransmission: Interaction between them
408. Neurochemistry and pharmacology of the major hippocampal transmitter systems: Synaptic and nonsynaptic interactions
409. Nonsynaptic interactions at presynaptic level
410. Modulatory role of presynaptic nicotinic receptors in synaptic and nonsynaptic chemical communication in the central nervous system
411. Neurochemical, electrophysiological and immunocytochemical evidence for a noradrenergic link between the sympathetic nervous system and thymoeytes
412. Dopamine is taken up from the circulation by, and released from, local noradrenergic varicose axon terminals in zona glomerulosa of the rat: A neurochemical and immunocytochemical study
413. Catecholamines released from local adrenergie oxen terminals are possibly involved in fine tuning of steroid secretion from zona glomerulosa cells: Functional and morphological evidence
414. The presence of a substance with sympathin E properties in spleen extracts
415. Effect of transmitters and cotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system on interleukin-6 synthesis in thymic epithelial cells
416. Catecholamines and lipopolysaccharide synergistically induce the release of interleukin-6 from thymic epithelial cells
417. Natural killer cell anergy to cytokine stimulants in a subgroup of patients with heart failure: Relationship to norepinephrine
418. Mechanism of catecholamine-mediated destabilization of messenger RNA encoding Thy-1 protein in Tdineage cells
419. Induction of costimulatory molecule B7 in M12 B lymphomas by cAMP or MHC-restricted T cell interaction
420. Tachykinins, calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuropeptide Y in nerves of the mammalian thymus: Interactions with mast cells in autonomic and sensory neuroimmunomodulation?
421. Molecular anatomy of the neuro-immune connection
422. Is inhibition of oxygen radical production of neutrophils by sympathomimetics mediated via beta-2 adrenoceptors?
423. Effects of beta-adrenergic receptor activation, cholera toxin and forskolin on human natural killer cell function
424. Beta-adrenergic agonists suppress chronic/relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE) in Lewis rats
425. Neuroendocrine-immune system interactions and autoimmunity
426. Hormonal regulation of tumor necrosis factoralpha, interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production by activated macrophages. A disease-modifying mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus?
427. Sympathetic innervation of murine thymus and spleen: A comparative histofluorescence study
428. Sympathetic activation triggers systemic interleukin-10 release in immunodepression induced by brain injury
429. Suppression of natural killer cell activity in mouse spleen lymphocytes by several dopamine receptor antagonists
430. Presynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors
431. Selective coupling of beta 2-adrenergic receptor to hematopoietic-specific G proteins
432. Expression of mRNAs for neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and GDNF) and their receptors (p75NGFR, trkA, trkB, and trkC) in the adult human peripheral nervous system and nonneural tissues
433. Autonomic nervous system in human palatine tonsil
434. Beta 2-adrenergic receptors on eosinophils. Binding and functional studies
435. Possibilities of a direct adrenergic influence on blood elements in the dog spleen
436. Intracerebroventricular infusion of CRF increases extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine in the hippocampus and cortex as determined by in vivo voltammetry
437. Functional roles of neurotrophin 3 in the developing and mature sympathetic nervous system
438. Adenosine-cyclic AMP pathways and cytokine expression
439. Beta-adrenergic receptor density and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells are increased in multiple sclerosis: A regulatory role for cortisol and interleukin-1
440. Mechanisms of lysosomal enzyme release from human leukocytes. II. Effects of cAMP and cGMP, autonomic agonists, and agents which affect microtubule function