Uremic toxicity of advanced glycation end products in CKD

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 354-370

  Stinghen, Andréa E M ^a   Massy, Ziad A ^a,b   Vlassara, Helen ^c,d   Striker, Gary E ^c,d   Boullier, Agnès ^a,e  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE PICARDIE JULES VERNE   (France)

^b ASSISTANCE PUBLIQUE HÔPITAUX DE PARIS   (France)

^c Departments of Geriatrics and Palliative Care and Medicine   (United States)

^d MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e AMIENS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT RECEPTOR; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AST 120; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; GLUTATHIONE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; ICODEXTRIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; PENTOSIDINE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; ROSIGLITAZONE; SEVELAMER CARBONATE; SIMVASTATIN; SIRTUIN 1; SULFONYLUREA; THIOCTIC ACID; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1;

APOPTOSIS; ARTERIAL STIFFNESS; ARTERIAL WALL THICKNESS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; END STAGE RENAL DISEASE; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; GENE EXPRESSION; GLOMERULUS CAPILLARY; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PULSE WAVE; RENAL CLEARANCE; REVIEW; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; UREMIA; URINARY EXCRETION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; COMPLICATION; METABOLISM;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS, ADVANCED; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; UREMIA;

EID: 84969856064     PISSN: 10466673     EISSN: 15333450     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2014101047     Document Type: Review

References (247)

1. Maillard L: Action of amino acids on sugars. Formation of melanoidins in a methodical way. Compt Rend 154: 66-68, 1912
2. Cho SJ, Roman G, Yeboah F, Konishi Y: The road to advanced glycation end products: A mechanistic perspective. Curr Med Chem 14: 1653-1671, 2007
3. Vistoli G, DeMaddis D, Cipak A, Zarkovic N, Carini M, Aldini G: Advanced glycoxidation and lipoxidation end products (AGEs and ALEs): An overview of their mechanisms of formation. Free Radic Res 47[Suppl 1]: 3-27, 2013
4. Poulsen MW, Hedegaard RV, Andersen JM, de Courten B, Bügel S,Nielsen J, Skibsted LH, Dragsted LO: Advanced glycation endproducts in food and their effects on health. Food Chem Toxicol 60: 10-37, 2013
5. Mallipattu SK, He JC, Uribarri J: Role of advanced glycation endproducts and potential therapeutic interventions in dialysis patients. Semin Dial 25: 529-538, 2012
6. Semba RD, Nicklett EJ, Ferrucci L: Does accumulation of advanced glycation end products contribute to the aging phenotype? JGerontol A Biol SciMed Sci 65: 963-975, 2010
7. Thornalley PJ: Pharmacology of methylglyoxal: Formation, modification of proteins and nucleic acids, and enzymatic detoxification-a role in pathogenesis and antiproliferative chemotherapy. Gen Pharmacol 27: 565-573, 1996
8. Piperi C, Adamopoulos C, Dalagiorgou G, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Papavassiliou AG: Crosstalk between advanced glycation and endoplasmic reticulum stress: Emerging therapeutic targeting for metabolic diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97: 2231-2242, 2012
9. Arsov S, Graaff R, vanOeverenW, Stegmayr B, Sikole A, Rakhorst G, Smit AJ: Advanced glycation end-products and skin autofluorescence in end-stage renal disease: A review. Clin ChemLabMed 52: 11-20, 2014
10. Abordo EA, Minhas HS, Thornalley PJ: Accumulation of alpha-oxoaldehydes during oxidative stress: A role in cytotoxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 58: 641-648, 1999
11. Vander Jagt DL, Hunsaker LA: Methylglyoxal metabolism and diabetic complications: Roles of aldose reductase, glyoxalase-I, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase and 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase. Chem Biol Interact 143-144: 341-351, 2003
12. Zheng F, Cai W, Mitsuhashi T, Vlassara H: Lysozyme enhances renal excretion of advanced glycation endproducts in vivo and suppresses adverse age-mediated cellular effects in vitro: A potential AGE sequestration therapy for diabetic nephropathy? Mol Med 7: 737-747, 2001
13. Vlassara H, Uribarri J, Cai W, Striker G: Advanced glycation end product homeostasis: Exogenous oxidants and innate defenses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1126: 46-52, 2008
14. Vlassara H, Brownlee M, Cerami A: Novel macrophage receptor for glucose-modified proteins is distinct from previously described scavenger receptors. J Exp Med 164: 1301-1309, 1986
15. Yan SF, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM: Mechanisms of disease: Advanced glycation endproducts and their receptor in inflammation and diabetes complications. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 4: 285-293, 2008
16. Cai W, He JC, Zhu L, Chen X, Striker GE, Vlassara H: AGE-receptor-1 counteracts cellular oxidant stress induced by AGEs via negative regulation of p66shc-dependent FKHRL1 phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294: C145-C152, 2008
17. Stern DM, Yan SD, Yan SF, Schmidt AM: Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and the complications of diabetes. Ageing Res Rev 1: 1-15, 2002
18. Fritz G: RAGE: A single receptor fitsmultiple ligands. Trends Biochem Sci 36: 625-632, 2011
19. Rojas A, Delgado-López F, González I, Pérez-Castro R, Romero J, Rojas I: The receptor for advanced glycation end-products: A complex signaling scenario for a promiscuous receptor. Cell Signal 25: 609-614, 2013
20. Ramasamy R, Yan SF, Schmidt AM: Advanced glycation endproducts: From precursors to RAGE: Round and round we go. Amino Acids 42: 1151-1161, 2012
21. Rebholz CM, Astor BC, Grams ME, Halushka MK, Lazo M, Hoogeveen RC, Ballantyne CM, Coresh J, Selvin E:Association of plasmalevels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and risk of kidney disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 30: 77-83, 2015
22. Ramasamy R, Yan SF, Schmidt AM: Receptor for AGE (RAGE): Signaling mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1243: 88-102, 2011
23. D'Agati V, Schmidt AM: RAGE and the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 6: 352-360, 2010
24. Xie J, Méndez JD, Méndez-Valenzuela V, Aguilar-Hernández MM: Cellular signalling of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Cell Signal 25: 2185-2197, 2013
25. Ott C, Jacobs K, Haucke E, Navarrete Santos A, Grune T, Simm A: Role of advanced glycation end products in cellular signaling. Redox Biol 2: 411-429, 2014
26. Nedic O, Rattan SI, Grune T, Trougakos IP: Molecular effects of advanced glycation end products on cell signalling pathways, ageing and pathophysiology. Free Radic Res 47[Suppl 1]: 28-38, 2013
27. Franko B, Brault J, Jouve T, Beaumel S, Benhamou PY, Zaoui P, Stasia MJ: Differential impact of glucose levels and advanced glycation end-products on tubular cell viability and pro-inflammatory/profibrotic functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 451: 627-631, 2014
28. Ding Q, Keller JN: Evaluation of rage isoforms, ligands, and signaling in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta 1746: 18-27, 2005
29. Park L, Raman KG, Lee KJ, Lu Y, Ferran LJ Jr. , Chow WS, Stern D, Schmidt AM: Suppression of accelerated diabetic atherosclerosis by the soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts. Nat Med 4: 1025-1031, 1998
30. Vlassara H, Fuh H, Makita Z, Krungkrai S, Cerami A, Bucala R: Exogenous advanced glycosylation end products induce complex vascular dysfunction in normal animals: A model for diabetic and aging complications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 12043-12047, 1992
31. Linden E, CaiW, He JC, Xue C, Li Z, Winston J, Vlassara H, Uribarri J: Endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease results from advanced glycation end products (AGE)-mediated inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase through RAGE activation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3: 691-698, 2008
32. Massy ZA, Nguyen-Khoa T:Oxidative stress and chronic renal failure: Markers and management. J Nephrol 15: 336-341, 2002
33. YanSD, SchmidtAM,AndersonGM,ZhangJ, Brett J, Zou YS, Pinsky D, Stern D: Enhanced cellular oxidant stress by the interaction of advanced glycation end products with their receptors/binDing proteins. J Biol Chem269: 9889-9897, 1994
34. Wautier MP, Chappey O, Corda S, Stern DM, Schmidt AM, Wautier JL: Activation of NADPH oxidase by AGE links oxidant stress to altered gene expression via RAGE. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280: E685-E694, 2001
35. Ramasamy R, Vannucci SJ, Yan SS, Herold K, Yan SF, Schmidt AM: Advanced glycation end products and RAGE: A common thread in aging, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. Glycobiology 15: 16R-28R, 2005
36. Chawla D, Bansal S, Banerjee BD, Madhu SV, Kalra OP, Tripathi AK: Role of advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced receptor (RAGE) expression in diabetic vascular complications. Microvasc Res 95: 1-6, 2014
37. Lee HB, Yu MR, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Ha H: Reactive oxygen species-regulated signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 14[Suppl 3]: S241-S245, 2003
38. He CJ, Koschinsky T, Buenting C, Vlassara H: Presence of diabetic complications in type 1 diabetic patients correlates with low expression ofmononuclear cell AGE-receptor-1 and elevated serum AGE. Mol Med 7: 159-168, 2001
39. Bucala R, Makita Z, Vega G, Grundy S, Koschinsky T, Cerami A, Vlassara H: Modification of low density lipoprotein by advanced glycation end products contributes to the dyslipidemia of diabetes and renal insufficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91: 9441-9445, 1994
40. Witztum JL, Steinberg D: Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis. J Clin Invest 88: 1785-1792, 1991
41. Menzel EJ, Sobal G, Staudinger A: The role of oxidative stress in the long-term glycation of LDL. Biofactors 6: 111-124, 1997
42. Lopes-VirellaMF, Baker NL, Hunt KJ, Cleary PA, Klein R, Virella G; DCCT/EDIC Research Group: Baseline markers of inflammation are associated with progression to macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 36: 2317-2323, 2013
43. Shinohara M, Thornalley PJ, Giardino I, Beisswenger P, Thorpe SR, Onorato J, BrownleeM: Overexpression of glyoxalase-I in bovine endothelial cells inhibits intracellular advanced glycation endproduct formation and prevents hyperglycemiainduced increases in macromolecular endocytosis. J Clin Invest 101: 1142-1147, 1998
44. Kaspar JW, Niture SK, Jaiswal AK: Nrf2: INrf2 (Keap1) signaling in oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 47: 1304-1309, 2009
45. Ruiz S, Pergola PE, Zager RA, Vaziri ND: Targeting the transcription factor Nrf2 to ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 83: 1029-1041, 2013
46. Kim HJ, Vaziri ND: Contribution of impaired Nrf2-Keap1 pathway to oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic renal failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 298: F662-F671, 2010
47. PuchadesMJ, Saez G, MuñozMC,Gonzalez M, Torregrosa I, Juan I, Miguel A: Study of oxidative stress in patients with advanced renal disease and undergoing either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Clin Nephrol 80: 177-186, 2013
48. HsuWH, LeeBH,ChangYY,HsuYW, PanTM: A novel natural Nrf2 activator with PPARgagonist (monascin) attenuates the toxicity of methylglyoxal and hyperglycemia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 272: 842-851, 2013
49. Xue M, Rabbani N, Momiji H, Imbasi P, Anwar MM, Kitteringham N, Park BK, Souma T, Moriguchi T, Yamamoto M, Thornalley PJ: Transcriptional control of glyoxalase 1 by Nrf2 provides a stressresponsive defence against dicarbonyl glycation. Biochem J 443: 213-222, 2012
50. Sebeková K, Podracká L, Heidland A, Schinzel R: Enhanced plasma levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in children/adolescents with chronic renal insufficiency and after renal replacement therapy by dialysis and transplantation-are they interrelated? Clin Nephrol 56: S21-S26, 2001
51. Park SH, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B: Cardiovascular biomarkers in chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr 22: 120-127, 2012
52. Basta G: Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts and atherosclerosis: From basic mechanisms to clinical implications. Atherosclerosis 196: 9-21, 2008
53. Kislinger T, Tanji N, Wendt T, Qu W, Lu Y, Ferran LJ Jr. , Taguchi A, Olson K, Bucciarelli L, Goova M, Hofmann MA, Cataldegirmen G, D'Agati V, Pischetsrieder M, Stern DM, Schmidt AM: Receptor for advanced glycation end products mediates inflammation and enhanced expression of tissue factor in vasculature of diabetic apolipoprotein E-null mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21: 905-910, 2001
54. Bucciarelli LG, Wendt T, Rong L, Lalla E, Hofmann MA, Goova MT, Taguchi A, Yan SF, Yan SD, Stern DM, Schmidt AM: RAGE is a multiligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily: Implications for homeostasis and chronic disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 59: 1117-1128, 2002
55. SchmidtAM, Yan SD, Yan SF, SternDM: The biology of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and its ligands. Biochim Biophys Acta 1498: 99-111, 2000
56. Gallo D, Cocchietto M, Masat E, Agostinis C, Harei E, Veronesi P, Sava G: Human recombinant lysozymedownregulates advanced glycation endproduct-induced interleukin-6 production and release in an in-vitro model of human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 239: 337-346, 2014
57. Basta G, Lazzerini G, Massaro M, Simoncini T, Tanganelli P, Fu C, Kislinger T, Stern DM, Schmidt AM, De Caterina R: Advanced glycation end products activate endothelium through signal-transduction receptor RAGE: A mechanism for amplification of inflammatory responses. Circulation 105: 816-822, 2002
58. Boulanger E, WautierMP,Wautier JL, Boval B, Panis Y, Wernert N, Danze PM, Dequiedt P: AGEs bind to mesothelial cells via RAGE and stimulate VCAM-1 expression. Kidney Int 61: 148-156, 2002
59. Chavakis T, Bierhaus A, Al-Fakhri N, Schneider D,Witte S, Linn T, NagashimaM, Morser J, ArnoldB, PreissnerKT, Nawroth PP: The pattern recognition receptor (RAGE) is a counterreceptor for leukocyte integrins: A novel pathway for inflammatory cell recruitment. J Exp Med 198: 1507-1515, 2003
60. KirsteinM,Brett J, Radoff S,Ogawa S, Stern D, Vlassara H: Advanced protein glycosylation induces transendothelial human monocyte chemotaxis and secretion of platelet-derived growth factor: Role in vascular disease of diabetesandaging. Proc NatlAcad SciUSA87: 9010-9014, 1990
61. Li LM, Hou DX, Guo YL, Yang JW, Liu Y, Zhang CY, Zen K: Role of microRNA-214-targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog in advanced glycation end product-induced apoptosis delay in monocytes. J Immunol 186: 2552-2560, 2011
62. Sadik NA, Mohamed WA, Ahmed MI: The association of receptor of advanced glycated end products and inflammatory mediators contributes to endothelial dysfunction in a prospective study of acute kidney injury patients with sepsis. Mol Cell Biochem359: 73-81, 2012
63. Stinghen AE, Gonçalves SM, Martines EG, Nakao LS, RiellaMC, AitaCA, Pecoits-Filho R: Increased plasma and endothelial cell expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules in chronic kidney disease. NephronClin Pract 111: c117-c126, 2009
64. LuC, He JC,CaiW, LiuH, Zhu L, VlassaraH: Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) receptor 1 is a negative regulator of the inflammatory response to AGE in mesangial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 11767-11772, 2004
65. WeissMF, Erhard P, Kader-Attia FA,Wu YC, Deoreo PB, Araki A, Glomb MA, Monnier VM: Mechanisms for the formation of glycoxidation products in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 57: 2571-2585, 2000
66. Del Turco S, Basta G: An update on advanced glycation endproducts and atherosclerosis. Biofactors 38: 266-274, 2012
67. Wagner Z, Molnár M, Molnár GA, Tamaskó M, Laczy B, Wagner L, Csiky B,HeidlandA,Nagy J, Wittmann I: Serum carboxymethyllysine predicts mortality in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 47: 294-300, 2006
68. Roberts MA, Thomas MC, Fernando D, Macmillan N, Power DA, Ierino FL: Low molecular weight advanced glycation end products predict mortality in asymptomatic patients receiving chronic haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 1611-1617, 2006
69. Meerwaldt R, Hartog JW, Graaff R, Huisman RJ, Links TP, den Hollander NC, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW,NavisG, Gans RO, Smit AJ: Skin autofluorescence, a measure of cumulative metabolic stress and advanced glycation end products, predicts mortality in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 3687-3693, 2005
70. Schwedler SB,Metzger T, Schinzel R,Wanner C: Advanced glycation end products and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 62: 301-310, 2002
71. Suliman ME, Heimbürger O, Bárány P, Anderstam B, Pecoits-Filho R, Rodríguez Ayala E, Qureshi AR, Fehrman-Ekholm I, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P: Plasma pentosidine is associated with inflammation and malnutrition in end-stage renal disease patients starting on dialysis therapy. J AmSoc Nephrol 14: 1614-1622, 2003
72. Suliman ME, Stenvinkel P, Jogestrand T, Maruyama Y, Qureshi AR, Bárány P, Heimbürger O, Lindholm B: Plasma pentosidine and total homocysteine levels in relation to change in common carotid intima-media area in the first year of dialysis therapy. Clin Nephrol 66: 418-425, 2006
73. Kerkeni M, Weiss IS, Jaisson S, Dandana A, Addad F, Gillery P, Hammami M: Increased serum concentrations of pentosidine are related to presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Thromb Res 134: 633-638, 2014
74. Leurs P, Lindholm B: The AGE-RAGE pathway and its relation to cardiovascular disease in patientswith chronic kidney disease. Arch Med Res 44: 601-610, 2013
75. Fraser SD, Roderick PJ, McIntyre NJ, Harris S, McIntyre CW, Fluck RJ, Taal MW: Skin autofluorescence and all-cause mortality in stage 3 CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9: 1361-1368, 2014
76. Moriya S, Yamazaki M, Murakami H, Maruyama K, Uchiyama S: Two soluble isoforms of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in carotid atherosclerosis: The difference of soluble and endogenous secretory RAGE. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 23: 2540-2546, 2014
77. Davignon J, Ganz P: Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation 109[Suppl 1]: III27-III32, 2004
78. Stam F, van Guldener C, Becker A, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, Bouter LM, Stehouwer CD: Endothelial dysfunction contributes to renal function-associated cardiovascular mortality in a population with mild renal insufficiency: The Hoorn study. J AmSoc Nephrol 17: 537-545, 2006
79. Schmidt AM, Hori O, Chen JX, Li JF, Crandall J, Zhang J, Cao R, Yan SD, Brett J, Stern D: Advanced glycation endproducts interacting with their endothelial receptor induce expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in cultured human endothelial cells and in mice. A potential mechanism for the accelerated vasculopathy of diabetes. J Clin Invest 96: 1395-1403, 1995
80. Grossin N, Auger F, Niquet-Leridon C, Durieux N, Montaigne D, Schmidt AM, Susen S, Jacolot P, Beuscart JB, Tessier FJ, Boulanger E: Dietary CML-enriched protein induces functional arterial aging in a RAGEdependent manner in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 59: 927-938, 2015
81. Brouwers O, Niessen PM, Miyata T, Østergaard JA, Flyvbjerg A, Peutz-Kootstra CJ, Sieber J, Mundel PH, Brownlee M, Janssen BJ, De Mey JG, Stehouwer CD, Schalkwijk CG: Glyoxalase-1 overexpression reduces endothelial dysfunction and attenuates early renal impairment in a rat model of diabetes. Diabetologia 57: 224-235, 2014
82. Goligorsky MS, Yasuda K, Ratliff B: Dysfunctional endothelial progenitor cells in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 21: 911-919, 2010
83. Eizawa T, Murakami Y, Matsui K, Takahashi M, Muroi K, Amemiya M, Takano R, Kusano E, Shimada K, Ikeda U: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells are reduced in hemodialysis patients. Curr Med Res Opin 19: 627-633, 2003
84. Choi JH, KimKL, HuhW, Kim B, Byun J, Suh W, Sung J, Jeon ES, Oh HY, Kim DK: Decreased number and impaired angiogenic function of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with chronic renal failure. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24: 1246-1252, 2004
85. Schlieper G, Hristov M, Brandenburg V, Krüger T, Westenfeld R, Mahnken AH, Yagmur E, Boecker G, Heussen N, Gladziwa U, Ketteler M, Weber C, Floege J: Predictors of low circulating endothelial progenitor cell numbers in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 2611-2618, 2008
86. Jourde-Chiche N, Dou L, Sabatier F, Calaf R, Cerini C, Robert S, Camoin-Jau L, Charpiot P, Argiles A, Dignat-George F, Brunet P: Levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells are related to uremic toxins and vascular injury in hemodialysis patients. J Thromb Haemost 7: 1576-1584, 2009
87. Jie KE, Zaikova MA, Bergevoet MW, Westerweel PE, Rastmanesh M, Blankestijn PJ, Boer WH, Braam B, Verhaar MC: Progenitor cells and vascular function are impaired in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25: 1875-1882, 2010
88. ChengM, GuanX, Li H, CuiX, ZhangX, Li X, Jing X,WuH, Avsar E: Shear stress regulates late EPC differentiation via mechanosensitive molecule-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement. PLoS One 8: e67675, 2013
89. Ueda S, Yamagishi S, Matsui T, Noda Y, Ueda S, Jinnouchi Y, Sasaki K, Takeuchi M, Imaizumi T: Serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are inversely associated with the number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in apparently healthy subjects. Cardiovasc Ther 30: 249-254, 2012
90. Ueno H, Koyama H, Fukumoto S, Tanaka S, Shoji T, Shoji T, EmotoM, Tahara H, Inaba M, Kakiya R, Tabata T, Miyata T, Nishizawa Y: Advanced glycation end products, carotid atherosclerosis, and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with end-stage renal disease. Metabolism60: 453-459, 2011
91. Sun C, Liang C, Ren Y, Zhen Y, He Z, Wang H, Tan H, Pan X, Wu Z: Advanced glycation end products depress function of endothelial progenitor cells via p38 and ERK 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Basic Res Cardiol 104: 42-49, 2009
92. Chen Q, Dong L, Wang L, Kang L, Xu B: Advanced glycation end products impair function of late endothelial progenitor cells through effects on protein kinase Akt and cyclooxygenase-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 381: 192-197, 2009
93. Liang C, Ren Y, Tan H, He Z, Jiang Q,Wu J, Zhen Y, Fan M, Wu Z: Rosiglitazone via upregulation of Akt/eNOS pathways attenuates dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells, induced by advanced glycation end products. Br J Pharmacol 158: 1865-1873, 2009
94. Jourde-Chiche N, Dou L, Cerini C, Dignat-George F, Brunet P: Vascular incompetence in dialysis patients-protein-bound uremic toxins and endothelial dysfunction. Semin Dial 24: 327-337, 2011
95. Rashid G, Benchetrit S, Fishman D, Bernheim J: Effect of advanced glycation end-products on gene expression and synthesis of TNF-alpha and endothelial nitric oxide synthase by endothelial cells. Kidney Int 66: 1099-1106, 2004
96. Rojas A, Romay S, González D, Herrera B, Delgado R, Otero K: Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression by albumin-derived advanced glycosylation end products. Circ Res 86: E50-E54, 2000
97. Xu B, Chibber R, Ruggiero D, Kohner E, Ritter J, Ferro A: Impairment of vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by advanced glycation end products. FASEB J 17: 1289-1291, 2003
98. Xiao S, Wagner L, Schmidt RJ, Baylis C: Circulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitory factor in some patients with chronic renal disease. Kidney Int 59: 1466-1472, 2001
99. Yamagishi S, Fujimori H, Yonekura H, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H: Advanced glycation endproducts inhibit prostacyclin production and induce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human microvascular endothelial cells. Diabetologia 41: 1435-1441, 1998
100. JonesGT, van RijAM, Solomon C, Thomson IA, Packer SG: Endothelin-1 is increased overlying atherosclerotic plaques in human arteries. Atherosclerosis 124: 25-35, 1996
101. Odetti P, Monacelli F, Storace D, Robaudo C, Rossi S, Deferrari G, Barreca T: Correlation between pentosidine and endothelin-1 in subjects undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Horm Metab Res 38: 817-820, 2006
102. Kohan DE: Endothelin, hypertension and chronic kidney disease: New insights. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 19: 134-139, 2010
103. Dhaun N, Goddard J, Webb DJ: The endothelin system and its antagonism in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 17: 943-955, 2006
104. Quehenberger P, Bierhaus A, Fasching P, Muellner C, Klevesath M, Hong M, Stier G, SattlerM, Schleicher E, SpeiserW, Nawroth PP: Endothelin 1 transcription is controlled by nuclear factor-kappaB in AGE-stimulated cultured endothelial cells. Diabetes 49: 1561-1570, 2000
105. Wautier JL, Zoukourian C, Chappey O, WautierMP, Guillausseau PJ,Cao R,HoriO, Stern D, Schmidt AM: Receptor-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic vasculopathy. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products blocks hyperpermeability in diabetic rats. J Clin Invest 97: 238-243, 1996
106. Guo XH,HuangQB, Chen B,Wang SY, LiQ, Zhu YJ, Hou FF, Fu N, Brunk UT, Zhao M: Advanced glycation end products induce actin rearrangement and subsequent hyperpermeability of endothelial cells. APMIS 114: 874-883, 2006
107. McEniery CM, Wallace S, Mackenzie IS, McDonnell B, Yasmin, Newby DE, Cockcroft JR, Wilkinson IB: Endothelial function is associated with pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index in healthy humans. Hypertension 48: 602-608, 2006
108. Ketteler M, Biggar PH: Review article: Getting the balance right: Assessing causes and extent of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 14: 389-394, 2009
109. Massy ZA, Mazière C, Kamel S, Brazier M, Choukroun G, Tribouilloy C, Slama M, Andrejak M, Mazière JC: Impact of inflammation and oxidative stress on vascular calcifications in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 20: 380-382, 2005
110. Massy ZA, Stenvinkel P, Drueke TB: The role of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. Semin Dial 22: 405-408, 2009
111. Massy ZA, Drüeke TB: Vascular calcification. CurrOpin Nephrol Hypertens 22: 405-412, 2013
112. Shroff R, Long DA, Shanahan C: Mechanistic insights into vascular calcification in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 24: 179-189, 2013
113. Cozzolino MC, Cosa F, Ciceri P, Elli F, Ricca F, Cappelletti L, Bellasi A, Cusi D: Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: An update. Eur Med J Nephrol 1: 46-51, 2013
114. London GM, Marchais SJ, Guérin AP, Métivier F: Impairment of arterial function in chronic renal disease: Prognostic impact and therapeutic approach. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17[Suppl 11]: 13-15, 2002
115. Pugliese G, Iacobini C, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Menini S: The dark and bright side of atherosclerotic calcification. Atherosclerosis 238: 220-230, 2015
116. Berl T, Henrich W: Kidney-heart interactions: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 8-18, 2006
117. Taki K, Takayama F, Tsuruta Y, Niwa T: Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end product, and coronary artery calcification in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 70: 218-224, 2006
118. Wang AY,Wong CK, Yau YY, Wong S, Chan IH, Lam CW: Skin autofluorescence associates with vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34: 1784-1790, 2014
119. Wei Q, Ren X, Jiang Y, Jin H, Liu N, Li J: Advanced glycation end products accelerate rat vascular calcification through RAGE/oxidative stress. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 13: 13, 2013
120. Briet M, Bozec E, Laurent S, Fassot C, London GM, Jacquot C, Froissart M, Houillier P, Boutouyrie P: Arterial stiffness and enlargement in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 69: 350-357, 2006
121. Kerr PG, Guerin AP: Arterial calcification and stiffness in chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 34: 683-687, 2007
122. Pannier B, Guérin AP, Marchais SJ, Safar ME, LondonGM: Stiffness of capacitive and conduit arteries: Prognostic significance for end-stage renal disease patients. Hypertension 45: 592-596, 2005
123. Blacher J, Safar ME, Guerin AP, Pannier B, Marchais SJ, LondonGM: Aortic pulsewave velocity index and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 63: 1852-1860, 2003
124. Sell DR, Monnier VM: Molecular basis of arterial stiffening: Role of glycation-a minireview. Gerontology 58: 227-237, 2012
125. Zhou Y, Yu Z, Jia H, Sun F, Ma L, Guo R, Peng L, Cui T: Association of serum pentosidine with arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients. Artif Organs 34: 193-199, 2010
126. Ueno H, Koyama H, Tanaka S, Fukumoto S, Shinohara K, Shoji T, Emoto M, Tahara H, Kakiya R, Tabata T, Miyata T, Nishizawa Y: Skin autofluorescence, a marker for advanced glycation end product accumulation, is associated with arterial stiffness in patients with end-stage renal disease. Metabolism 57: 1452-1457, 2008
127. Descamps-Latscha B, Jungers P,Witko-Sarsat V: Immune system dysregulation in uremia: Role of oxidative stress. Blood Purif 20: 481-484, 2002
128. Hauser AB, Stinghen AE, Kato S, Bucharles S, Aita C, Yuzawa Y, Pecoits-Filho R: Characteristics and causes of immune dysfunction related to uremia and dialysis. PeritDial Int 28[Suppl 3]: S183-S187, 2008
129. FriedlanderMA, Witko-Sarsat V, Nguyen AT, Wu YC, Labrunte M, Verger C, Jungers P, Descamps-Latscha B: The advanced glycation endproduct pentosidine and monocyte activation in uremia. Clin Nephrol 45: 379-382, 1996
130. Vlassara H, Cai W, Goodman S, Pyzik R, Yong A, Chen X, Zhu L, Neade T, Beeri M, Silverman JM, Ferrucci L, Tansman L, Striker GE, Uribarri J: Protection against loss of innate defenses in adulthood by low advanced glycation end products (AGE) intake: Role of the antiinflammatory AGE receptor-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 4483-4491, 2009
131. Barnett AH, Bain SC, Bouter P, Karlberg B, Madsbad S, Jervell J, Mustonen J; Diabetics Exposed to Telmisartan and Enalapril Study Group: Angiotensin-receptor blockade versus converting-enzyme inhibition in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 351: 1952-1961, 2004
132. Gugliucci A, Bendayan M: Renal fate of circulating advanced glycated end products (AGE): Evidence for reabsorption and catabolism of AGE-peptides by renal proximal tubular cells. Diabetologia 39: 149-160, 1996
133. Miyata T, Ueda Y, Horie K, Nangaku M, Tanaka S, van Ypersele de Strihou C, Kurokawa K: Renal catabolism of advanced glycation end products: The fate of pentosidine. Kidney Int 53: 416-422, 1998
134. Zhou X, Wang B, Zhu L, Hao S: A novel improved therapy strategy for diabetic nephropathy: Targeting AGEs. Organogenesis 8: 18-21, 2012
135. Wada J, Makino H: Inflammation and the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 124: 139-152, 2013
136. Tanji N, Markowitz GS, Fu C, Kislinger T, Taguchi A, Pischetsrieder M, Stern D, Schmidt AM, D'Agati VD: Expression of advanced glycation end products and their cellular receptor RAGE in diabetic nephropathy and nondiabetic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 11: 1656-1666, 2000
137. Horie K, Miyata T, Maeda K, Miyata S, Sugiyama S, Sakai H, van Ypersole de Strihou C, Monnier VM, Witztum JL, Kurokawa K: Immunohistochemical colocalization of glycoxidation products and lipid peroxidation products in diabetic renal glomerular lesions. Implication for glycoxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Invest 100: 2995-3004, 1997
138. Niwa T, Katsuzaki T, Miyazaki S, Miyazaki T, Ishizaki Y, Hayase F, Tatemichi N, Takei Y: Immunohistochemical detection of imidazolone, a novel advanced glycation end product, in kidneys and aortas of diabetic patients. J Clin Invest 99: 1272-1280, 1997
139. Vlassara H, Striker GE: AGE restriction in diabetes mellitus: A paradigm shift. Nat Rev Endocrinol 7: 526-539, 2011
140. Liu J, Huang K, Cai GY, Chen XM, Yang JR, Lin LR, Yang J, Huo BG, Zhan J, He YN: Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts promotes premature senescence of proximal tubular epithelial cells via activation of endoplasmic reticulum stressdependent p21 signaling. Cell Signal 26: 110-121, 2014
141. Mallipattu SK, Uribarri J: Advanced glycation end product accumulation: A new enemy to target in chronic kidney disease? CurrOpin Nephrol Hypertens 23: 547-554, 2014
142. Goldberg T, Cai W, Peppa M, Dardaine V, Baliga BS, Uribarri J, Vlassara H: Advanced glycoxidation end products in commonly consumed foods. J Am Diet Assoc 104: 1287-1291, 2004
143. Uribarri J, Peppa M, Cai W, Goldberg T, Lu M, He C, Vlassara H: Restriction of dietary glycotoxins reduces excessive advanced glycation end products in renal failure patients. JAmSocNephrol 14: 728-731, 2003
144. Ueda S, Yamagishi S, TakeuchiM, Kohno K, Shibata R, Matsumoto Y, Kaneyuki U, Fujimura T, Hayashida A, Okuda S: Oral adsorbent AST-120 decreases serum levels of AGEs in patients with chronic renal failure. Mol Med 12: 180-184, 2006
145. Ueda H, Shibahara N, Takagi S, Inoue T, Katsuoka Y: AST-120 treatment in predialysis period affects the prognosis in patients on hemodialysis. Ren Fail 30: 856-860, 2008
146. Ueda H, Shibahara N, Takagi S, Inoue T, Katsuoka Y: AST-120, an oral adsorbent, delays the initiation of dialysis in patients with chronic kidney diseases. Ther Apher Dial 11: 189-195, 2007
147. Nakamura T, Kawagoe Y, Matsuda T, Ueda Y, Shimada N, Ebihara I, Koide H: Oral ADSORBENT AST-120 decreases carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in patients with chronic renal failure. Kidney Blood Press Res 27: 121-126, 2004
148. Schulman G, Berl T, Beck GJ, Remuzzi G, Ritz E, Arita K, Kato A, Shimizu M: Randomized placebo-controlled EPPIC trials of AST-120 in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 26: 1732-1746, 2015
149. Bolati D, Shimizu H, YisireyiliM, Nishijima F, Niwa T: Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, downregulates renal expression of Nrf2 through activation of NF-kB. BMC Nephrol 14: 56, 2013
150. Vlassara H, Cai W, Chen X, Serrano EJ, Shobha MS, Uribarri J, Woodward M, Striker GE: Managing chronic inflammation in the aging diabetic patient with CKD by diet or sevelamer carbonate: A modern paradigm shift. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 67: 1410-1416, 2012
151. Shantouf R, Budoff MJ, Ahmadi N, Tiano J, Flores F, Kalantar-Zadeh K: Effects of sevelamer and calcium-based phosphate binders on lipid and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 28: 275-279, 2008
152. Ferramosca E, Burke S, Chasan-Taber S, Ratti C, Chertow GM, Raggi P: Potential antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of sevelamer in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am Heart J 149: 820-825, 2005
153. Vlassara H, Uribarri J, Cai W, Goodman S, Pyzik R, Post J, Grosjean F, Woodward M, Striker GE: Effects of sevelamer on HbA1c, inflammation, and advanced glycation end products in diabetic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7: 934-942, 2012
154. Kakuta T, Tanaka R, Hyodo T, Suzuki H, Kanai G, Nagaoka M, Takahashi H, Hirawa N, Oogushi Y, Miyata T, Kobayashi H, Fukagawa M, Saito A: Effect of sevelamer and calcium-based phosphate binders on coronary artery calcification and accumulation of circulating advanced glycation end products in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 57: 422-431, 2011
155. Chong ZZ, Wang S, Shang YC, Maiese K: Targeting cardiovascular disease with novel SIRT1 pathways. Future Cardiol 8: 89-100, 2012
156. Takemura A, Iijima K, Ota H, Son BK, Ito Y, Ogawa S, Eto M, Akishita M, Ouchi Y: Sirtuin 1 retards hyperphosphatemia-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 31: 2054-2062, 2011
157. Ota H, Akishita M, Eto M, Iijima K, Kaneki M, Ouchi Y: Sirt1 modulates premature senescence-like phenotype in human endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 43: 571-579, 2007
158. Cai W, Uribarri J, Zhu L, Chen X, Swamy S, Zhao Z, Grosjean F, SimonaroC, KuchelGA, Schnaider-Beeri M, Woodward M, Striker GE, Vlassara H: Oral glycotoxins are a modifiable cause of dementia and the metabolic syndrome in mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111: 4940-4945, 2014
159. Yubero-Serrano EM,WoodwardM, Poretsky L, Vlassara H, Striker GE; AGE-less Study Group: Effects of sevelamer carbonate on advanced glycation end products and antioxidant/pro-oxidant status in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 10: 759-766, 2015
160. Dhondt A, Vanholder R, Van Biesen W, Lameire N: The removal of uremic toxins. Kidney Int Suppl 76: S47-S59, 2000
161. Vanholder R, Glorieux G, Van Biesen W: Advantages of new hemodialysis membranes and equipment. Nephron Clin Pract 114: c165-c172, 2010
162. Ledebo I, Blankestijn PJ: Haemodiafiltrationoptimal efficiency and safety. NDT Plus 3: 8-16, 2010
163. Floridi A, Antolini F, Galli F, Fagugli RM, Floridi E, Buoncristiani U: Daily haemodialysis improves indices of protein glycation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17: 871-878, 2002
164. Gerdemann A, Lemke HD, Nothdurft A, Heidland A,MünchG, Bahner U, Schinzel R: Low-molecular but not high-molecular advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are removed by high-flux dialysis. Clin Nephrol 54: 276-283, 2000
165. Stein G, Franke S, Mahiout A, Schneider S, Sperschneider H, Borst S, Vienken J: Influence of dialysis modalities on serum AGE levels in end-stage renal disease patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16: 999-1008, 2001
166. Jadoul M, Ueda Y, Yasuda Y, Saito A, Robert A, Ishida N, Kurokawa K, Van Ypersele De Strihou C, Miyata T: Influence of hemodialysis membrane type on pentosidine plasma level, a marker of carbonyl stress. Kidney Int 55: 2487-2492, 1999
167. Lin CL, Huang CC, Yu CC, Yang HY, Chuang FR, Yang CW: Reduction of advanced glycation end product levels by on-line hemodiafiltration in long-term hemodialysis patients. AmJ Kidney Dis 42: 524-531, 2003
168. Susantitaphong P, Siribamrungwong M, Jaber BL: Convective therapies versus lowflux hemodialysis for chronic kidney failure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28: 2859-2874, 2013
169. Agalou S, Ahmed N, Dawnay A, Thornalley PJ: Removal of advanced glycation end products in clinical renal failure by peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. Biochem Soc Trans 31: 1394-1396, 2003
170. Passlick-Deetjen J, Lage C, Jörres A: Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis: Solution formulation and biocompatibility. Semin Dial 14: 384-387, 2001
171. Oleniuc M, Schiller A, Secara I, Onofriescu M, Hogas S, Apetrii M, Siriopol D, Covic A: Evaluation of advanced glycation end products accumulation, using skin autofluorescence, in CKD and dialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 44: 1441-1449, 2012
172. Friedlander MA, Wu YC, Schulak JA, Monnier VM, Hricik DE: Influence of dialysis modality on plasma and tissue concentrations of pentosidine in patients with endstage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 25: 445-451, 1995
173. Lee HB, Chung SH, Chu WS, Kim JK, Ha H: Peritoneal dialysis in diabetic patients. AmJ Kidney Dis 38[Suppl 1]: S200-S203, 2001
174. Tauer A, Knerr T, Niwa T, Schaub TP, Lage C, Passlick-Deetjen J, Pischetsrieder M: In vitro formation of N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine and imidazolones under conditions similar to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280: 1408-1414, 2001
175. McIntyre NJ, Chesterton LJ, John SG, Jefferies HJ, Burton JO, Taal MW, Fluck RJ, McIntyre CW: Tissue-advanced glycation end product concentration in dialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5: 51-55, 2010
176. UedaY, Miyata T,Goffin E,YoshinoA, InagiR, Ishibashi Y, Izuhara Y, Saito A, Kurokawa K, Van Ypersele De Strihou C: Effect of dwell time on carbonyl stress using icodextrin and amino acid peritoneal dialysis fluids. Kidney Int 58: 2518-2524, 2000
177. Dawnay AB, Millar DJ: Glycation and advanced glycation end-product formation with icodextrin and dextrose. Perit Dial Int 17: 52-58, 1997
178. Ho-dac-Pannekeet MM, Weiss MF, de Waart DR, Erhard P, Hiralall JK, Krediet RT: Analysis of non enzymatic glycosylation in vivo: Impact of different dialysis solutions. Perit Dial Int 19[Suppl 2]: S68-S74, 1999
179. Qi H, Xu C, Yan H, Ma J: Comparison of icodextrin and glucose solutions for long dwell exchange in peritoneal dialysis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Perit Dial Int 31: 179-188, 2011
180. HimmeleR, JensenL, FennD, HoCH,Sawin DA, Diaz-Buxo JA: A new neutral-pH low-GDP peritoneal dialysis fluid. Perit Dial Int 32: 444-452, 2012
181. Perl J, Nessim SJ, Bargman JM: The biocompatibility of neutral pH, low-GDP peritoneal dialysis solutions: Benefit at bench, bedside, or both? Kidney Int 79: 814-824, 2011
182. Vlassara H: Serum advanced glycosylation end products: A new class of uremic toxins? Blood Purif 12: 54-59, 1994
183. Miyata T, Ueda Y, YoshidaA, Sugiyama S, Iida Y, Jadoul M, Maeda K, Kurokawa K, van Ypersele de Strihou C: Clearance of pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product, by different modalities of renal replacement therapy. Kidney Int 51: 880-887, 1997
184. Yoshida S, Yamada K, Hamaguchi K, Nishimura M, Hatakeyama E, Tsuchida H, Sakamoto K, Kashiwabara H, Yokoyama T, Ikeda K, Horiuchi S: Immunohistochemical study of human advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) and growth factors in cardiac tissues of patients on maintenance dialysis and with kidney transplantation. Clin Nephrol 49: 273-280, 1998
185. Crowley LE, Johnson CP, McIntyre N, Fluck RJ,McIntyre CW, TaalMW, Leung JC: Tissue advanced glycation end product deposition after kidney transplantation. Nephron Clin Pract 124: 54-59, 2013
186. Baragetti I, Furiani S, Vettoretti S, Raselli S, Maggi FM, Galli F, Catapano AL, Buccianti G: Role of vitamin E-coated membrane in reducing advanced glycation end products in hemodialysis patients: A pilot study. Blood Purif 24: 369-376, 2006
187. Nagai R, Murray DB, Metz TO, Baynes JW: Chelation: A fundamental mechanism of action of AGE inhibitors, AGE breakers, and other inhibitors of diabetes complications. Diabetes 61: 549-559, 2012
188. Singh R, Barden A, Mori T, Beilin L: Advanced glycation end-products: A review. Diabetologia 44: 129-146, 2001
189. BrownleeM, Vlassara H, Kooney A, Ulrich P, Cerami A: Aminoguanidineprevents diabetesinduced arterial wall protein cross-linking. Science 232: 1629-1632, 1986
190. Nilsson BO: Biological effects of aminoguanidine: An update. Inflamm Res 48: 509-515, 1999
191. Menzel EJ, Neumüller J, Sengoelge G, Reihsner R: Effects of aminoguanidine on adhesion molecule expression of human endothelial cells. Pharmacology 55: 126-135, 1997
192. Khalifah RG, Baynes JW, Hudson BG: Amadorins: Novel post-Amadori inhibitors of advanced glycation reactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 257: 251-258, 1999
193. Voziyan PA, Hudson BG: Pyridoxamine: The many virtues of amaillard reaction inhibitor. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1043: 807-816, 2005
194. Voziyan PA, Hudson BG: Pyridoxamine as a multifunctional pharmaceutical: Targeting pathogenic glycation and oxidative damage. Cell Mol Life Sci 62: 1671-1681, 2005
195. Brodeur MR, Bouvet C, Bouchard S, Moreau S, Leblond J, Deblois D, Moreau P: Reduction of advanced-glycation end products levels and inhibition of RAGE signaling decreases rat vascular calcification induced by diabetes. PLoS One 9: e85922, 2014
196. Polizzi FC, Andican G, Çetin E, Civelek S, YumukV,BurçakG: IncreasedDNA-glycation in type 2 diabetic patients: The effect of thiamine and pyridoxine therapy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 120: 329-334, 2012
197. NascimentoMM, SulimanME,Murayama Y, Nihi M, Hayashi SY, Stenvinkel P, Riella MC, Lindholm B: Effect of high-dose thiamine and pyridoxine on advanced glycation end products and other oxidative stress markers in hemodialysis patients: A randomized placebo-controlled study. J Ren Nutr 16: 119-124, 2006
198. Chawla T, Sharma D, Singh A: Role of the renin angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy. World J Diabetes 1: 141-145, 2010
199. ThomasMC, TikellisC, BurnsWM, Bialkowski K, Cao Z, Coughlan MT, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Cooper ME, Forbes JM: Interactions between renin angiotensin system and advanced glycation in the kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 2976-2984, 2005
200. Miyata T, van Ypersele de Strihou C, Ueda Y, Ichimori K, Inagi R, Onogi H, Ishikawa N, Nangaku M, Kurokawa K: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors lower in vitro the formation of advanced glycation end products: Biochemical mechanisms. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 2478-2487, 2002
201. Nangaku M, Miyata T, Sada T, Mizuno M, Inagi R, Ueda Y, Ishikawa N, Yuzawa H, Koike H, van Ypersele de Strihou C, Kurokawa K: Anti-hypertensive agents inhibit in vivo the formation of advanced glycation end products and improve renal damage in a type 2 diabetic nephropathy rat model. J Am Soc Nephrol 14: 1212-1222, 2003
202. IshibashiY,MatsuiT,UedaS,Fukami K,Okuda S, Yamagishi S: Irbesartan inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced increase in asymmetric dimethylarginine level inmesangial cells through its anti-oxidative properties. Int J Cardiol 176: 1120-1122, 2014
203. Honda H, Hosaka N, Aoshima Y, Hirai Y, Michihata T, Akizawa T: Olmesartan medoxomil is associated with decreased plasma AGEs, pentosidine, and N-(epsilon)-carboxymethyl-lysine levels in hemodialysis patients. Clin Exp Hypertens 34: 17-23, 2012
204. Sebeková K, Gazdíková K, Syrová D, Blazícek P, Schinzel R, Heidland A, Spustová V, Dzúrik R: Effects of ramipril in nondiabetic nephropathy: Improved parameters of oxidatives stress and potential modulation of advanced glycation end products. J Hum Hypertens 17: 265-270, 2003
205. Baba SP, Wetzelberger K, Hoetker JD, BhatnagarA: Posttranslational glutathiolation of aldose reductase (AKR1B1): A possible mechanism of protein recovery from Snitrosylation. Chem Biol Interact 178: 250-258, 2009
206. Nakamura N, Yamazaki K, Satoh A, Urakaze M, Kobayashi M, Yamabe H, Osawa H, Shirato K, Sugawara T, Nakamura M, TamuraM,Okumura K: Effects of eparlestat on plasma levels of advanced glycation end products in patients with type 2 diabetes. In Vivo 17: 177-180, 2003
207. Susic D, Varagic J, Ahn J, Frohlich ED: Crosslink breakers: A new approach to cardiovascular therapy. Curr Opin Cardiol 19: 336-340, 2004
208. Kass DA, Shapiro EP, Kawaguchi M, Capriotti AR, Scuteri A, deGroof RC, Lakatta EG: Improved arterial compliance by a novel advanced glycation end-product crosslink breaker. Circulation 104: 1464-1470, 2001
209. Park J, Kwon MK, Huh JY, Choi WJ, Jeong LS,Nagai R, KimWY, KimJ, Lee GT, Lee HB, Ha H: Renoprotective antioxidant effect of alagebrium in experimental diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26: 3474-3484, 2011
210. PeppaM, BremH, Cai W, Zhang JG, Basgen J, Li Z, Vlassara H, Uribarri J: Prevention and reversal of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice treated with alagebrium (ALT-711). Am J Nephrol 26: 430-436, 2006
211. Forbes JM, Thallas V, Thomas MC, Founds HW, Burns WC, Jerums G, Cooper ME: The breakdown of preexisting advanced glycation end products is associated with reduced renal fibrosis in experimental diabetes. FASEB J 17: 1762-1764, 2003
212. Thallas-Bonke V, Lindschau C, Rizkalla B, Bach LA, Boner G, Meier M, Haller H, Cooper ME, Forbes JM: Attenuation of extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic nephropathy by the advanced glycation end product cross-link breaker ALT-711 via a protein kinase C-alpha-dependent pathway. Diabetes 53: 2921-2930, 2004
213. Wolffenbuttel BH, Boulanger CM, Crijns FR, Huijberts MS, Poitevin P, Swennen GN, Vasan S, Egan JJ, Ulrich P, Cerami A, Lévy BI: Breakers of advanced glycation end products restore large artery properties in experimental diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 4630-4634, 1998
214. Asif M, Egan J, Vasan S, Jyothirmayi GN, Masurekar MR, Lopez S, Williams C, Torres RL, Wagle D, Ulrich P, Cerami A, Brines M, Regan TJ: An advanced glycation endproduct cross-link breaker can reverse agerelated increases in myocardial stiffness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97: 2809-2813, 2000
215. Cheng G, Wang LL, Long L, Liu HY, Cui H, Qu WS, Li S: Beneficial effects of C36, a novel breaker of advanced glycation endproducts cross-links, on the cardiovascular system of diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 152: 1196-1206, 2007
216. Cooper ME, Thallas V, Forbes J, Scalbert E, Sastra S, Darby I, Soulis T: The cross-link breaker, N-phenacylthiazolium bromide prevents vascular advanced glycation endproduct accumulation. Diabetologia 43: 660-664, 2000
217. Marx N, Walcher D, Ivanova N, Rautzenberg K, Jung A, Friedl R, Hombach V, de Caterina R, Basta G, Wautier MP, Wautiers JL: Thiazolidinediones reduce endothelial expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products. Diabetes 53: 2662-2668, 2004
218. Bhatwadekar A,Glenn JV, Figarola JL, Scott S, Gardiner TA, Rahbar S, Stitt AW: A new advanced glycation inhibitor, LR-90, prevents experimental diabetic retinopathy in rats. Br J Ophthalmol 92: 545-547, 2008
219. Wendt TM, Tanji N, Guo J, Kislinger TR, Qu W, Lu Y, Bucciarelli LG, Rong LL, Moser B, Markowitz GS, Stein G, Bierhaus A, Liliensiek B, Arnold B, Nawroth PP, Stern DM, D'Agati VD, Schmidt AM: RAGE drives the development of glomerulosclerosis and implicates podocyte activation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Pathol 162: 1123-1137, 2003
220. Zhang Y, Lapidos KA, Gal-Moscovici A, Sprague SM, Ameer GA: A receptor-based bioadsorbent to target advanced glycation end products in chronic kidney disease. Artif Organs 38: 474-483, 2014
221. Nakamura T, Sato E, Fujiwara N, Kawagoe Y, Koide H, Ueda Y, Takeuchi M, Yamagishi S: Calcium channel blocker inhibition of AGE and RAGE axis limits renal injury in nondiabetic patients with stage I or II chronic kidney disease. Clin Cardiol 34: 372-377, 2011
222. Kanazawa I, Yamamoto M, Yamaguchi T, Sugimoto T: Effects of metformin and pioglitazone on serum pentosidine levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 119: 362-365, 2011
223. Tan KC, Chow WS, Tso AW, Xu A, Tse HF, Hoo RL, Betteridge DJ, Lam KS: Thiazolidinedione increases serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 50: 1819-1825, 2007
224. Okamoto T, Yamagishi S, Inagaki Y, Amano S, Koga K, Abe R, Takeuchi M, Ohno S, Yoshimura A, Makita Z: Angiogenesis induced by advanced glycation end products and its prevention by cerivastatin. FASEB J 16: 1928-1930, 2002
225. Cuccurullo C, Iezzi A, Fazia ML, De Cesare D, Di Francesco A,Muraro R, Bei R, Ucchino S, Spigonardo F, Chiarelli F, Schmidt AM, Cuccurullo F, Mezzetti A, Cipollone F: Suppression of RAGE as a basis of simvastatindependent plaque stabilization in type 2 diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26: 2716-2723, 2006
226. Cocchietto M, Zorzin L, Toffoli B, Candido R, Fabris B, Stebel M, Sava G: Orally administered microencapsulated lysozyme downregulates serumAGE and reduces the severity of early-stage diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab 34: 587-594, 2008
227. Elosta A, Ghous T, Ahmed N: Natural products as anti-glycation agents: Possible therapeutic potential for diabetic complications. Curr Diabetes Rev 8: 92-108, 2012
228. Nagai R, Shirakawa J, Ohno R, Moroishi N, Nagai M: Inhibition of AGEs formation by natural products. Amino Acids 46: 261-266, 2014
229. Ha T, Ngoc TM, Lee I, Lee YM, KimJS, Jung H, Lee S, Na M, Bae K; Ha do: Inhibitors of aldose reductase and formation of advanced glycation end-products in moutan cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa). J Nat Prod 72: 1465-1470, 2009
230. Zhang MH, Feng L, Zhu MM, Gu JF, Jiang J, Cheng XD, Ding SM,Wu C, Jia XB: The antiinflammation effect of Moutan Cortex on advanced glycation end products-induced rat mesangial cells dysfunction and Highglucose-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy rats. J Ethnopharmacol 151: 591-600, 2014
231. Zhang M, Feng L, Gu J, Ma L, Qin D, Wu C, Jia X: The attenuation of Moutan Cortex on oxidative stress for renal injury in AGEs-induced mesangial cell dysfunction and streptozotocininduced diabetic nephropathy rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014: 463815, 2014
232. PerezGutierrez RM, de JesusMartinezOrtiz M: Beneficial effect of Azadirachta indica on advanced glycation end-product in streptozotocin-diabetic rat. Pharm Biol 52: 1435-1444, 2014
233. Trionfini P, Benigni A, Remuzzi G: Micro-RNAs in kidney physiology and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 11: 23-33, 2015
234. Chung AC, Yu X, Lan HY: MicroRNA and nephropathy: Emerging concepts. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 6: 169-179, 2013
235. Hagiwara S, McClelland A, Kantharidis P: MicroRNA in diabetic nephropathy: Renin angiotensin, aGE/RAGE, and oxidative stress pathway. JDiabetesRes 2013: 173783, 2013
236. Zhong X, Chung AC, Chen HY, Dong Y, Meng XM, Li R, Yang W, Hou FF, Lan HY: miR-21 is a key therapeutic target for renal injury in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 56: 663-674, 2013
237. Piperi C, Goumenos A, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG: AGE/RAGE signalling regulation by miRNAs: Associations with diabetic complications and therapeutic potential. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 60: 197-201, 2015
238. Wu XD, Liu WL, Zeng K, Lei HY, Zhang QG, Zhou SQ, Xu SY: Advanced glycation end products activate themiRNA/RhoA/ROCK2 pathway in endothelial cells. Microcirculation 21: 178-186, 2014
239. Pan Y, Liang H, Liu H, Li D, Chen X, Li L, Zhang CY, Zen K: Platelet-secreted micro-RNA-223 promotes endothelial cell apoptosis induced by advanced glycation end products via targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. J Immunol 192: 437-446, 2014
240. Chen HY, Zhong X, Huang XR, Meng XM, You Y, Chung AC, Lan HY: MicroRNA-29b inhibits diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Mol Ther 22: 842-853, 2014
241. Choi BH, Kang KS, Kwak MK: Effect of redox modulating NRF2 activators on chronic kidney disease. Molecules 19: 12727-12759, 2014
242. Lee BH, Hsu WH, Chang YY, Kuo HF, Hsu YW, Pan TM: Ankaflavin: A natural novel PPARg agonist upregulates Nrf2 to attenuatemethylglyoxal-induced diabetes in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 53: 2008-2016, 2012
243. Lee BH, Hsu WH, Huang T, Chang YY, Hsu YW, Pan TM: Effects of monascin on antiinflammation mediated by Nrf2 activation in advanced glycation end product-treated THP-1 monocytes and methylglyoxaltreated wistar rats. J Agric Food Chem 61: 1288-1298, 2013
244. Lee BH, Hsu WH, Hsu YW, Pan TM: Suppression of dimerumic acid on hepatic fibrosis caused from carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) by attenuating oxidative stress depends on Nrf2 activation in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Food Chem Toxicol 62: 413-419, 2013
245. LeeBH, HsuWH, Hsu YW, Pan TM: Dimerumic acid attenuates receptor for advanced glycation endproducts signal to inhibit inflammation and diabetes mediated by Nrf2 activation and promotes methylglyoxal metabolism into d-lactic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 60: 7-16, 2013
246. Wang YY, Yang YX, Zhe H, He ZX, Zhou SF: Bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me) as a therapeutic agent: An update on its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Drug Des Devel Ther 8: 2075-2088, 2014
247. de Zeeuw D, Akizawa T, Audhya P, Bakris GL, Chin M, Christ-Schmidt H, Goldsberry A, Houser M, Krauth M, Lambers Heerspink HJ, McMurray JJ,MeyerCJ, ParvingHH, Remuzzi G, Toto RD, Vaziri ND, Wanner C, Wittes J, Wrolstad D, Chertow GM; BEACON Trial Investigators: Bardoxolone methyl in type 2 diabetes and stage 4 chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 369: 2492-2503, 2013