메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 11, 2015, Pages 26035-26054

Chondrocyte apoptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cartilage; Caspase; Chondrocyte; Chondroptosis; Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Mitochondria; Osteoarthritis

Indexed keywords

ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT RECEPTOR; ALPHA INTERFERON; CASPASE; CASPASE 10; CASPASE 11; CASPASE 12; CASPASE 13; CASPASE 2; CASPASE 3; CASPASE 4; CASPASE 5; CASPASE 6; CASPASE 7; CASPASE 8; CASPASE 9; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA CONVERTING ENZYME; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; MICRORNA; MICRORNA 146A; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PROTEIN BCL 2; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RELATED APOPTOSIS INDUCING LIGAND RECEPTOR; VASCULOTROPIN; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

EID: 84946088396     PISSN: 16616596     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125943     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (689)

References (144)
  • 1
    • 0015383455 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kerr, J.F.; Wyllie, A.H.; Currie, A.R. Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br. J. Cancer 1972, 26, 239–257. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1972) Br. J. Cancer , vol.26 , pp. 239-257
    • Kerr, J.F.1    Wyllie, A.H.2    Currie, A.R.3
  • 2
    • 0033942431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The morphology of apoptosis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hacker, G. The morphology of apoptosis. Cell Tissue Res. 2000, 301, 5–17. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2000) Cell Tissue Res , vol.301 , pp. 5-17
    • Hacker, G.1
  • 3
    • 0031791075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of apoptosis in wound healing
    • [CrossRef]
    • Greenhalgh, D.G. The role of apoptosis in wound healing. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 1998, 30, 1019–1030. [CrossRef]
    • (1998) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol , vol.30 , pp. 1019-1030
    • Greenhalgh, D.G.1
  • 5
    • 0030030021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two distinct phases of apoptosis in mammary gland involution: Proteinase-independent and -dependent pathways
    • [PubMed]
    • Lund, L.R.; Romer, J.; Thomasset, N.; Solberg, H.; Pyke, C.; Bissell, M.J.; Dano, K.; Werb, Z. Two distinct phases of apoptosis in mammary gland involution: Proteinase-independent and -dependent pathways. Development 1996, 122, 181–193. [PubMed]
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 181-193
    • Lund, L.R.1    Romer, J.2    Thomasset, N.3    Solberg, H.4    Pyke, C.5    Bissell, M.J.6    Dano, K.7    Werb, Z.8
  • 6
    • 70349320158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and consequences of microRNA dysregulation in cancer
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Croce, C.M. Causes and consequences of microRNA dysregulation in cancer. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2009, 10, 704–714. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Genet , vol.10 , pp. 704-714
    • Croce, C.M.1
  • 7
    • 58149296552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor resistance to apoptosis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Fulda, S. Tumor resistance to apoptosis. Int. J. Cancer 2009, 124, 511–515. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) Int. J. Cancer , vol.124 , pp. 511-515
    • Fulda, S.1
  • 9
    • 84930758648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bcl-2 protein family, BH3-mimetics and cancer therapy
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Delbridge, A.R.; Strasser, A. The Bcl-2 protein family, BH3-mimetics and cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ. 2015, 22, 1071–1080. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Cell Death Differ , vol.22 , pp. 1071-1080
    • Delbridge, A.R.1    Strasser, A.2
  • 10
    • 84929224850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and roles in cancer development and treatment
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Goldar, S.; Khaniani, M.S.; Derakhshan, S.M.; Baradaran, B. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and roles in cancer development and treatment. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2015, 16, 2129–2144. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev , vol.16 , pp. 2129-2144
    • Goldar, S.1    Khaniani, M.S.2    Derakhshan, S.M.3    Baradaran, B.4
  • 11
    • 67649386107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life and death by death receptors
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Guicciardi, M.E.; Gores, G.J. Life and death by death receptors. FASEB J. 2009, 23, 1625–1637. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) FASEB J , vol.23 , pp. 1625-1637
    • Guicciardi, M.E.1    Gores, G.J.2
  • 12
    • 0029062573 scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis in uninfected lymphocytes by HIV-1 Tat protein
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Li, C.J.; Friedman, D.J.; Wang, C.; Metelev, V.; Pardee, A.B. Induction of apoptosis in uninfected lymphocytes by HIV-1 Tat protein. Science 1995, 268, 429–431. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 429-431
    • Li, C.J.1    Friedman, D.J.2    Wang, C.3    Metelev, V.4    Pardee, A.B.5
  • 13
    • 84901752701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases: Relevance to Alzheimer’s disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hroudova, J.; Singh, N.; Fisar, Z. Mitochondrial dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases: Relevance to Alzheimer’s disease. Biomed Res. Int. 2014, 2014, 175062. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Biomed Res. Int , pp. 2014
    • Hroudova, J.1    Singh, N.2    Fisar, Z.3
  • 14
    • 0035894881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase-9 activation results in downstream caspase-8 activation and bid cleavage in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease
    • [PubMed]
    • Viswanath, V.; Wu, Y.; Boonplueang, R.; Chen, S.; Stevenson, F.F.; Yantiri, F.; Yang, L.; Beal, M.F.; Andersen, J.K. Caspase-9 activation results in downstream caspase-8 activation and bid cleavage in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21, 9519–9528. [PubMed]
    • (2001) J. Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 9519-9528
    • Viswanath, V.1    Wu, Y.2    Boonplueang, R.3    Chen, S.4    Stevenson, F.F.5    Yantiri, F.6    Yang, L.7    Beal, M.F.8    Andersen, J.K.9
  • 15
    • 54249096028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspases in apoptosis and beyond
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Li, J.; Yuan, J. Caspases in apoptosis and beyond. Oncogene 2008, 27, 6194–6206. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) Oncogene , vol.27 , pp. 6194-6206
    • Li, J.1    Yuan, J.2
  • 16
    • 69249100500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human caspases: Activation, specificity, and regulation
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Pop, C.; Salvesen, G.S. Human caspases: Activation, specificity, and regulation. J. Biol. Chem. 2009, 284, 21777–21781. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem , vol.284 , pp. 21777-21781
    • Pop, C.1    Salvesen, G.S.2
  • 17
    • 54149107681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspases as therapeutic targets
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Howley, B.; Fearnhead, H.O. Caspases as therapeutic targets. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2008, 12, 1502–1516. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) J. Cell. Mol. Med , vol.12 , pp. 1502-1516
    • Howley, B.1    Fearnhead, H.O.2
  • 18
    • 49949120062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death in the host response to infection
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Labbe, K.; Saleh, M. Cell death in the host response to infection. Cell Death Differ. 2008, 15, 1339–1349. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) Cell Death Differ , vol.15 , pp. 1339-1349
    • Labbe, K.1    Saleh, M.2
  • 19
    • 33845497181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes: Master switches of inflammation
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Martinon, F.; Tschopp, J. Inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes: Master switches of inflammation. Cell Death Differ. 2007, 14, 10–22. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Cell Death Differ , vol.14 , pp. 10-22
    • Martinon, F.1    Tschopp, J.2
  • 20
    • 84906571225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory caspases are innate immune receptors for intracellular LPS
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Shi, J.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, Y.; Gao, W.; Ding, J.; Li, P.; Hu, L.; Shao, F. Inflammatory caspases are innate immune receptors for intracellular LPS. Nature 2014, 514, 187–192. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Nature , vol.514 , pp. 187-192
    • Shi, J.1    Zhao, Y.2    Wang, Y.3    Gao, W.4    Ding, J.5    Li, P.6    Hu, L.7    Shao, F.8
  • 21
    • 34547126428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) as cancer targets
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hunter, A.M.; LaCasse, E.C.; Korneluk, R.G. The inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) as cancer targets. Apoptosis 2007, 12, 1543–1568. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Apoptosis , vol.12 , pp. 1543-1568
    • Hunter, A.M.1    Lacasse, E.C.2    Korneluk, R.G.3
  • 22
    • 33645640920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human anti-apoptotic proteins cIAP1 and cIAP2 bind but do not inhibit caspases
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Eckelman, B.P.; Salvesen, G.S. The human anti-apoptotic proteins cIAP1 and cIAP2 bind but do not inhibit caspases. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281, 3254–3260. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem , vol.281 , pp. 3254-3260
    • Eckelman, B.P.1    Salvesen, G.S.2
  • 24
    • 0037160117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long form of FLIP is an activator of caspase-8 at the Fas death-inducing signaling complex
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Micheau, O.; Thome, M.; Schneider, P.; Holler, N.; Tschopp, J.; Nicholson, D.W.; Briand, C.; Grutter, M.G. The long form of FLIP is an activator of caspase-8 at the Fas death-inducing signaling complex. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 45162–45171. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 45162-45171
    • Micheau, O.1    Thome, M.2    Schneider, P.3    Holler, N.4    Tschopp, J.5    Nicholson, D.W.6    Briand, C.7    Grutter, M.G.8
  • 25
    • 32644473650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How the Bcl-2 family of proteins interact to regulate apoptosis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Van Delft, M.F.; Huang, D.C. How the Bcl-2 family of proteins interact to regulate apoptosis. Cell Res. 2006, 16, 203–213. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2006) Cell Res , vol.16 , pp. 203-213
    • Van Delft, M.F.1    Huang, D.C.2
  • 26
    • 0035146929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-or-death decisions by the Bcl-2 protein family
    • [CrossRef]
    • Adams, J.M.; Cory, S. Life-or-death decisions by the Bcl-2 protein family. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2001, 26, 61–66. [CrossRef]
    • (2001) Trends Biochem. Sci , vol.6166 , pp. 26
    • Adams, J.M.1    Cory, S.2
  • 28
    • 0042220409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of a Bcl-xL/Bim fragment complex: Implications for Bim function
    • [CrossRef]
    • Liu, X.; Dai, S.; Zhu, Y.; Marrack, P.; Kappler, J.W. The structure of a Bcl-xL/Bim fragment complex: Implications for Bim function. Immunity 2003, 19, 341–352. [CrossRef]
    • (2003) Immunity , pp. 19
    • Liu, X.1    Dai, S.2    Zhu, Y.3    Marrack, P.4    Kappler, J.W.5
  • 29
    • 0344608883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of Bcl-w reveals a role for the C-terminal residues in modulating biological activity
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hinds, M.G.; Lackmann, M.; Skea, G.L.; Harrison, P.J.; Huang, D.C.; Day, C.L. The structure of Bcl-w reveals a role for the C-terminal residues in modulating biological activity. EMBO J. 2003, 22, 1497–1507. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2003) EMBO J , vol.22 , pp. 1497-1507
    • Hinds, M.G.1    Lackmann, M.2    Skea, G.L.3    Harrison, P.J.4    Huang, D.C.5    Day, C.L.6
  • 30
    • 34250308322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Elmore, S. Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death. Toxicol. Pathol. 2007, 35, 495–516. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Toxicol. Pathol , vol.35 , pp. 495-516
    • Elmore, S.1
  • 31
    • 0032575714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death receptors: Signaling and modulation
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Ashkenazi, A.; Dixit, V.M. Death receptors: Signaling and modulation. Science 1998, 281, 1305–1308. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1305-1308
    • Ashkenazi, A.1    Dixit, V.M.2
  • 32
    • 0034616945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smac, a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation by eliminating IAP inhibition
    • [CrossRef]
    • Du, C.; Fang, M.; Li, Y.; Li, L.; Wang, X. Smac, a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation by eliminating IAP inhibition. Cell 2000, 102, 33–42. [CrossRef]
    • (2000) Cell , vol.102 , pp. 33-42
    • Du, C.1    Fang, M.2    Li, Y.3    Li, L.4    Wang, X.5
  • 33
    • 0033107657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The apoptosome: Heart and soul of the cell death machine
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Chinnaiyan, A.M. The apoptosome: Heart and soul of the cell death machine. Neoplasia 1999, 1, 5–15. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1999) Neoplasia , vol.1 , pp. 5-15
    • Chinnaiyan, A.M.1
  • 35
    • 5644259587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins: Translating basic knowledge into clinical practice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Schimmer, A.D. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins: Translating basic knowledge into clinical practice. Cancer Res. 2004, 64, 7183–7190. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 7183-7190
    • Schimmer, A.D.1
  • 36
    • 78650665214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase promotes cytokine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic _-cells: Evidence for regulation by Rac1
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Subasinghe, W.; Syed, I.; Kowluru, A. Phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase promotes cytokine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic _-cells: Evidence for regulation by Rac1. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2011, 300, R12–R20. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol , vol.300 , pp. R12-R20
    • Subasinghe, W.1    Syed, I.2    Kowluru, A.3
  • 37
    • 84870255907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granzyme B in injury, inflammation, and repair
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hiebert, P.R.; Granville, D.J. Granzyme B in injury, inflammation, and repair. Trends Mol. Med. 2012, 18, 732–741. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2012) Trends Mol. Med , vol.18 , pp. 732-741
    • Hiebert, P.R.1    Granville, D.J.2
  • 38
    • 21244505889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular matrix remodeling by human granzyme B via cleavage of vitronectin, fibronectin, and laminin
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Buzza, M.S.; Zamurs, L.; Sun, J.; Bird, C.H.; Smith, A.I.; Trapani, J.A.; Froelich, C.J.; Nice, E.C.; Bird, P.I. Extracellular matrix remodeling by human granzyme B via cleavage of vitronectin, fibronectin, and laminin. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 23549–23558. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem , vol.280 , pp. 23549-23558
    • Buzza, M.S.1    Zamurs, L.2    Sun, J.3    Bird, C.H.4    Smith, A.I.5    Trapani, J.A.6    Froelich, C.J.7    Nice, E.C.8    Bird, P.I.9
  • 39
  • 40
    • 0742323606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cbfa1 couples chondrocytes maturation and endochondral ossification in rat mandibular condylar cartilage
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Rabie, A.B.; Tang, G.H.; Hagg, U. Cbfa1 couples chondrocytes maturation and endochondral ossification in rat mandibular condylar cartilage. Arch. Oral Biol. 2004, 49, 109–118. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) Arch. Oral Biol , vol.49 , pp. 109-118
    • Rabie, A.B.1    Tang, G.H.2    Hagg, U.3
  • 41
    • 84942936106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondroinduction is the main cartilage repair response to microfracture and microfracture with BST-CarGel: Results as shown by ICRS-II histological scoring and a novel zonal collagen type scoring method of human clinical biopsy specimens
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hoemann, C.D.; Tran-Khanh, N.; Chevrier, A.; Chen, G.; Lascau-Coman, V.; Mathieu, C.; Changoor, A.; Yaroshinsky, A.; McCormack, R.G.; Stanish, W.D. et al. Chondroinduction is the main cartilage repair response to microfracture and microfracture with BST-CarGel: Results as shown by ICRS-II histological scoring and a novel zonal collagen type scoring method of human clinical biopsy specimens. Am. J. Sports Med. 2015. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Am. J. Sports Med
    • Hoemann, C.D.1    Tran-Khanh, N.2    Chevrier, A.3    Chen, G.4    Lascau-Coman, V.5    Mathieu, C.6    Changoor, A.7    Yaroshinsky, A.8    McCormack, R.G.9    Stanish, W.D.10
  • 42
    • 84942337525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guided differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells on co-cultured cartilage and bone scaffolds
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Lee, P.; Tran, K.; Zhou, G.; Bedi, A.; Shelke, N.B.; Yu, X.; Kumbar, S.G. Guided differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells on co-cultured cartilage and bone scaffolds. Soft Matter 2015, 11, 7648–7655. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Soft Matter , vol.11 , pp. 7648-7655
    • Lee, P.1    Tran, K.2    Zhou, G.3    Bedi, A.4    Shelke, N.B.5    Yu, X.6    Kumbar, S.G.7
  • 43
    • 84940653669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repair of massively defected hemi-joints using demineralized osteoarticular allografts with protected cartilage
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Li, S.; Yang, X.; Tang, S.; Zhang, X.; Feng, Z.; Cui, S. Repair of massively defected hemi-joints using demineralized osteoarticular allografts with protected cartilage. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2015, 26, 277. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med , vol.26 , pp. 277
    • Li, S.1    Yang, X.2    Tang, S.3    Zhang, X.4    Feng, Z.5    Cui, S.6
  • 44
    • 55949129452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics and mechanobiology in osteochondral tissues
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • McMahon, L.A.; O’Brien, F.J.; Prendergast, P.J. Biomechanics and mechanobiology in osteochondral tissues. Regen. Med. 2008, 3, 743–759. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) Regen. Med , vol.3 , pp. 743-759
    • McMahon, L.A.1    O’Brien, F.J.2    Prendergast, P.J.3
  • 45
    • 84939420828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C delta null mice exhibit structural alterations in articular surface, intra-articular and subchondral compartments
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Yang, X.; Teguh, D.; Wu, J.P.; He, B.; Kirk, T.B.; Qin, S.; Li, S.; Chen, H.; Xue, W.; Ng, B. et al. Protein kinase C delta null mice exhibit structural alterations in articular surface, intra-articular and subchondral compartments. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2015, 17, 210. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Arthritis Res. Ther , vol.17 , pp. 210
    • Yang, X.1    Teguh, D.2    Wu, J.P.3    He, B.4    Kirk, T.B.5    Qin, S.6    Li, S.7    Chen, H.8    Xue, W.9    Ng, B.10
  • 46
    • 0031915678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrocyte apoptosis increases with age in the articular cartilage of adult animals
    • [CrossRef]
    • Adams, C.S.; Horton, W.E., Jr. Chondrocyte apoptosis increases with age in the articular cartilage of adult animals. Anat. Rec. 1998, 250, 418–425. [CrossRef]
    • (1998) Anat. Rec , vol.250 , pp. 418-425
    • Adams, C.S.1    Horton, W.E.2
  • 47
    • 33847194975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death and apoptosis in osteoarthritic cartilage
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kim, H.A.; Blanco, F.J. Cell death and apoptosis in osteoarthritic cartilage. Curr. Drug Targets 2007, 8, 333–345. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Curr. Drug Targets , vol.8 , pp. 333-345
    • Kim, H.A.1    Blanco, F.J.2
  • 49
    • 0034966785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic cell death is not a widespread phenomenon in normal aging and osteoarthritis human articular knee cartilage: A study of proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and viability of chondrocytes in normal and osteoarthritic human knee cartilage
    • Aigner, T.; Hemmel, M.; Neureiter, D.; Gebhard, P.M.; Zeiler, G.; Kirchner, T.; McKenna, L. Apoptotic cell death is not a widespread phenomenon in normal aging and osteoarthritis human articular knee cartilage: A study of proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and viability of chondrocytes in normal and osteoarthritic human knee cartilage. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2001, 44, 1304–1312.
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.44 , pp. 1304-1312
    • Aigner, T.1    Hemmel, M.2    Neureiter, D.3    Gebhard, P.M.4    Zeiler, G.5    Kirchner, T.6    McKenna, L.7
  • 50
    • 0033638543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Heraud, F.; Heraud, A.; Harmand, M.F. Apoptosis in normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2000, 59, 959–965. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2000) Ann. Rheum. Dis , vol.59 , pp. 959-965
    • Heraud, F.1    Heraud, A.2    Harmand, M.F.3
  • 51
    • 3142754072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in osteoarthritis. Rheum
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Aigner, T.; Kim, H.A.; Roach, H.I. Apoptosis in osteoarthritis. Rheum. Dis. Clin. N. Am 2004, 30, 639–653. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) Dis. Clin. N. Am , vol.30 , pp. 639-653
    • Aigner, T.1    Kim, H.A.2    Roach, H.I.3
  • 52
    • 84872242904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The identification of CD163 expressing phagocytic chondrocytes in joint cartilage and its novel scavenger role in cartilage degradation
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Jiao, K.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, M.; Wei, Y.; Wu, Y.; Qiu, Z.Y.; He, J.; Cao, Y.; Hu, J.; Zhu, H. et al. The identification of CD163 expressing phagocytic chondrocytes in joint cartilage and its novel scavenger role in cartilage degradation. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e53312. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2013) Plos ONE , vol.8
    • Jiao, K.1    Zhang, J.2    Zhang, M.3    Wei, Y.4    Wu, Y.5    Qiu, Z.Y.6    He, J.7    Cao, Y.8    Hu, J.9    Zhu, H.10
  • 53
    • 0034863266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix depletion in human articular cartilage
    • [PubMed]
    • Kim, H.A.; Suh, D.I.; Song, Y.W. Relationship between chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix depletion in human articular cartilage. J. Rheumatol. 2001, 28, 2038–2045. [PubMed]
    • (2001) J. Rheumatol , vol.28 , pp. 2038-2045
    • Kim, H.A.1    Suh, D.I.2    Song, Y.W.3
  • 54
    • 0035983747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The _5_1 integrin provides matrix survival signals for normal and osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes in vitro
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Pulai, J.I.; del Carlo, M., Jr.; Loeser, R.F. The _5_1 integrin provides matrix survival signals for normal and osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes in vitro. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2002, 46, 1528–1535. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2002) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.46 , pp. 1528-1535
    • Pulai, J.I.1    Del Carlo, M.2    Loeser, R.F.3
  • 55
    • 0142072319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated, aging-dependent development of osteoarthritis in _1 integrin-deficient mice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Zemmyo, M.; Meharra, E.J.; Kuhn, K.; Creighton-Achermann, L.; Lotz, M. Accelerated, aging-dependent development of osteoarthritis in _1 integrin-deficient mice. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2003, 48, 2873–2880. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.48 , pp. 2873-2880
    • Zemmyo, M.1    Meharra, E.J.2    Kuhn, K.3    Creighton-Achermann, L.4    Lotz, M.5
  • 56
    • 79955141040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrocyte apoptosis: A cause or consequence of osteoarthritis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Zamli, Z.; Sharif, M. Chondrocyte apoptosis: A cause or consequence of osteoarthritis? Int. J. Rheum. Dis. 2011, 14, 159–166. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Int. J. Rheum. Dis , vol.14 , pp. 159-166
    • Zamli, Z.1    Sharif, M.2
  • 57
    • 0028830920 scopus 로고
    • Chondrocyte apoptosis induced by nitric oxide
    • [PubMed]
    • Blanco, F.J.; Ochs, R.L.; Schwarz, H.; Lotz, M. Chondrocyte apoptosis induced by nitric oxide. Am. J. Pathol. 1995, 146, 75–85. [PubMed]
    • (1995) Am. J. Pathol , vol.146 , pp. 75-85
    • Blanco, F.J.1    Ochs, R.L.2    Schwarz, H.3    Lotz, M.4
  • 58
    • 0030582137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type II transglutaminase expression in rabbit articular chondrocytes in culture: Relation with cell differentiation, cell growth, cell adhesion and cell apoptosis
    • [CrossRef]
    • Borge, L.; Demignot, S.; Adolphe, M. Type II transglutaminase expression in rabbit articular chondrocytes in culture: Relation with cell differentiation, cell growth, cell adhesion and cell apoptosis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1996, 1312, 117–124. [CrossRef]
    • (1996) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1312 , pp. 117-124
    • Borge, L.1    Demignot, S.2    Adolphe, M.3
  • 59
    • 0030854379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fas/Fas ligand expression and induction of apoptosis in chondrocytes
    • [CrossRef]
    • Hashimoto, S.; Setareh, M.; Ochs, R.L.; Lotz, M. Fas/Fas ligand expression and induction of apoptosis in chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol. 1997, 40, 1749–1755. [CrossRef]
    • (1997) Arthritis Rheumatol , pp. 40
    • Hashimoto, S.1    Setareh, M.2    Ochs, R.L.3    Lotz, M.4
  • 60
    • 0027998559 scopus 로고
    • Autocrine signals enable chondrocytes to survive in culture
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Ishizaki, Y.; Burne, J.F.; Raff, M.C. Autocrine signals enable chondrocytes to survive in culture. J. Cell Biol. 1994, 126, 1069–1077. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1994) J. Cell Biol , vol.126 , pp. 1069-1077
    • Ishizaki, Y.1    Burne, J.F.2    Raff, M.C.3
  • 61
    • 0037333416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of Fas mediated apoptosis of human chondrocytes by the proteasome inhibitor and actinomycin D
    • [PubMed]
    • Kim, H.A.; Kim, Y.H.; Song, Y.W. Facilitation of Fas mediated apoptosis of human chondrocytes by the proteasome inhibitor and actinomycin D. J. Rheumatol. 2003, 30, 550–558. [PubMed]
    • (2003) J. Rheumatol , vol.30 , pp. 550-558
    • Kim, H.A.1    Kim, Y.H.2    Song, Y.W.3
  • 62
    • 0029986420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The increased synthesis of inducible nitric oxide inhibits IL-1ra synthesis by human articular chondrocytes: Possible role in osteoarthritic cartilage degradation
    • [CrossRef]
    • Pelletier, J.P.; Mineau, F.; Ranger, P.; Tardif, G.; Martel-Pelletier, J. The increased synthesis of inducible nitric oxide inhibits IL-1ra synthesis by human articular chondrocytes: Possible role in osteoarthritic cartilage degradation. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 1996, 4, 77–84. [CrossRef]
    • (1996) Osteoarthr. Cartil , vol.7784 , pp. 4
    • Pelletier, J.P.1    Mineau, F.2    Ranger, P.3    Tardif, G.4    Martel-Pelletier, J.5
  • 63
    • 0033712592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide inhibits chondrocyte response to IGF-I: Inhibition of IGF-IR_ tyrosine phosphorylation
    • [PubMed]
    • Studer, R.K.; Levicoff, E.; Georgescu, H.; Miller, L.; Jaffurs, D.; Evans, C.H. Nitric oxide inhibits chondrocyte response to IGF-I: Inhibition of IGF-IR_ tyrosine phosphorylation. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2000, 279, C961–C969.[PubMed]
    • (2000) Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol , vol.279 , pp. C961-C969
    • Studer, R.K.1    Levicoff, E.2    Georgescu, H.3    Miller, L.4    Jaffurs, D.5    Evans, C.H.6
  • 64
    • 0036171665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide-mediated chondrocyte cell death requires the generation of additional reactive oxygen species
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Del Carlo, M., Jr.; Loeser, R.F. Nitric oxide-mediated chondrocyte cell death requires the generation of additional reactive oxygen species. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2002, 46, 394–403. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2002) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.46 , pp. 394-403
    • Del Carlo, M.1    Loeser, R.F.2
  • 66
    • 9444275970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxynitrite mediates calcium-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death via activation of calpains
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Whiteman, M.; Armstrong, J.S.; Cheung, N.S.; Siau, J.L.; Rose, P.; Schantz, J.T.; Jones, D.P.; Halliwell, B. Peroxynitrite mediates calcium-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death via activation of calpains. FASEB J. 2004, 18, 1395–1397. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) FASEB J , vol.18 , pp. 1395-1397
    • Whiteman, M.1    Armstrong, J.S.2    Cheung, N.S.3    Siau, J.L.4    Rose, P.5    Schantz, J.T.6    Jones, D.P.7    Halliwell, B.8
  • 67
    • 0042887449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of pro-inflammatory (IL-1_, IL-6, TNF-_, IFN-) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines on chondrocyte function
    • [CrossRef]
    • Schuerwegh, A.J.; Dombrecht, E.J.; Stevens, W.J.; van Offel, J.F.; Bridts, C.H.; de Clerck, L.S. Influence of pro-inflammatory (IL-1_, IL-6, TNF-_, IFN-) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines on chondrocyte function. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2003, 11, 681–687. [CrossRef]
    • (2003) Osteoarthr. Cartil , vol.11 , pp. 681-687
    • Schuerwegh, A.J.1    Dombrecht, E.J.2    Stevens, W.J.3    Van Offel, J.F.4    Bridts, C.H.5    De Clerck, L.S.6
  • 68
    • 0343048983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-1_ protects human chondrocytes from CD95-induced apoptosis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kuhn, K.; Hashimoto, S.; Lotz, M. IL-1_ protects human chondrocytes from CD95-induced apoptosis. J. Immunol. 2000, 164, 2233–2239. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2000) J. Immunol , vol.164 , pp. 2233-2239
    • Kuhn, K.1    Hashimoto, S.2    Lotz, M.3
  • 69
    • 0036384168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induces apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res
    • [CrossRef]
    • Pettersen, I.; Figenschau, Y.; Olsen, E.; Bakkelund, W.; Smedsrod, B.; Sveinbjornsson, B. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induces apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 296, 671–676. [CrossRef]
    • (2002) Commun , vol.296 , pp. 671-676
    • Pettersen, I.1    Figenschau, Y.2    Olsen, E.3    Bakkelund, W.4    Smedsrod, B.5    Sveinbjornsson, B.6
  • 70
    • 10744220512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRAIL induces apoptosis of chondrocytes and influences the pathogenesis of experimentally induced rat osteoarthritis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Lee, S.W.; Lee, H.J.; Chung, W.T.; Choi, S.M.; Rhyu, S.H.; Kim, D.K.; Kim, K.T.; Kim, J.Y.; Kim, J.M.; Yoo, Y.H. TRAIL induces apoptosis of chondrocytes and influences the pathogenesis of experimentally induced rat osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2004, 50, 534–542. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.50 , pp. 534-542
    • Lee, S.W.1    Lee, H.J.2    Chung, W.T.3    Choi, S.M.4    Rhyu, S.H.5    Kim, D.K.6    Kim, K.T.7    Kim, J.Y.8    Kim, J.M.9    Yoo, Y.H.10
  • 71
    • 84900010886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Up-regulation of the chemo-attractive receptor ChemR23 and occurrence of apoptosis in human chondrocytes isolated from fractured calcaneal osteochondral fragments
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Sena, P.; Manfredini, G.; Benincasa, M.; Mariani, F.; Smargiassi, A.; Catani, F.; Palumbo, C. Up-regulation of the chemo-attractive receptor ChemR23 and occurrence of apoptosis in human chondrocytes isolated from fractured calcaneal osteochondral fragments. J. Anat. 2014, 224, 659–668. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) J. Anat , vol.224 , pp. 659-668
    • Sena, P.1    Manfredini, G.2    Benincasa, M.3    Mariani, F.4    Smargiassi, A.5    Catani, F.6    Palumbo, C.7
  • 73
    • 59149096239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysregulation of osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes analyzed by proteomics: A decrease in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase points to a redox imbalance
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Ruiz-Romero, C.; Calamia, V.; Mateos, J.; Carreira, V.; Martinez-Gomariz, M.; Fernandez, M.; Blanco, F.J. Mitochondrial dysregulation of osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes analyzed by proteomics: A decrease in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase points to a redox imbalance. Mol. Cell. Proteom. 2009, 8, 172–189. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) Mol. Cell. Proteom , vol.8 , pp. 172-189
    • Ruiz-Romero, C.1    Calamia, V.2    Mateos, J.3    Carreira, V.4    Martinez-Gomariz, M.5    Fernandez, M.6    Blanco, F.J.7
  • 74
    • 0033571555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide-induced damage to mtDNA and its subsequent repair
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Grishko, V.I.; Druzhyna, N.; LeDoux, S.P.; Wilson, G.L. Nitric oxide-induced damage to mtDNA and its subsequent repair. Nucleic Acids Res. 1999, 27, 4510–4516. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1999) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.27 , pp. 4510-4516
    • Grishko, V.I.1    Druzhyna, N.2    Ledoux, S.P.3    Wilson, G.L.4
  • 75
    • 0031709623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a direct role for Bcl-2 in the regulation of articular chondrocyte apoptosis under the conditions of serum withdrawal and retinoic acid treatment
    • [CrossRef]
    • Feng, L.; Precht, P.; Balakir, R.; Horton, W.E., Jr. Evidence of a direct role for Bcl-2 in the regulation of articular chondrocyte apoptosis under the conditions of serum withdrawal and retinoic acid treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 1998, 71, 302–309. [CrossRef]
    • (1998) J. Cell. Biochem , vol.71 , pp. 302-309
    • Feng, L.1    Precht, P.2    Balakir, R.3    Horton, W.E.4
  • 76
    • 33749537080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles and effects of microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Engels, B.M.; Hutvagner, G. Principles and effects of microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation. Oncogene 2006, 25, 6163–6169. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2006) Oncogene , vol.25 , pp. 6163-6169
    • Engels, B.M.1    Hutvagner, G.2
  • 78
    • 33747608638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-_B-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Taganov, K.D.; Boldin, M.P.; Chang, K.J.; Baltimore, D. NF-_B-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 12481–12486. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 12481-12486
    • Taganov, K.D.1    Boldin, M.P.2    Chang, K.J.3    Baltimore, D.4
  • 80
    • 84904249846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of miR-146a in human chondrocyte apoptosis in response to mechanical pressure injury in vitro
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Jin, L.; Zhao, J.; Jing, W.; Yan, S.; Wang, X.; Xiao, C.; Ma, B. Role of miR-146a in human chondrocyte apoptosis in response to mechanical pressure injury in vitro. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2014, 34, 451–463. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Int. J. Mol. Med , vol.34 , pp. 451-463
    • Jin, L.1    Zhao, J.2    Jing, W.3    Yan, S.4    Wang, X.5    Xiao, C.6    Ma, B.7
  • 81
    • 84859722283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MiR-146a, an IL-1_ responsive miRNA, induces vascular endothelial growth factor and chondrocyte apoptosis by targeting Smad4
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Li, J.; Huang, J.; Dai, L.; Yu, D.; Chen, Q.; Zhang, X.; Dai, K. miR-146a, an IL-1_ responsive miRNA, induces vascular endothelial growth factor and chondrocyte apoptosis by targeting Smad4. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2012, 14, R75. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2012) Arthritis Res. Ther , vol.14 , pp. R75
    • Li, J.1    Huang, J.2    Dai, L.3    Yu, D.4    Chen, Q.5    Zhang, X.6    Dai, K.7
  • 82
    • 41349096445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene regulation by transcription factors and microRNAs
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hobert, O. Gene regulation by transcription factors and microRNAs. Science 2008, 319, 1785–1786. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , pp. 1785-1786
    • Hobert, O.1
  • 83
    • 84922851321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrosenescence: Definition, hallmarks and potential role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Mobasheri, A.; Matta, C.; Zakany, R.; Musumeci, G. Chondrosenescence: Definition, hallmarks and potential role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Maturitas 2015, 80, 237–244. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Maturitas , vol.80 , pp. 237-244
    • Mobasheri, A.1    Matta, C.2    Zakany, R.3    Musumeci, G.4
  • 84
    • 0035199295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase isozyme PC-1 directly promotes cartilage calcification through chondrocyte apoptosis and increased calcium precipitation by mineralizing vesicles
    • [PubMed]
    • Johnson, K.; Pritzker, K.; Goding, J.; Terkeltaub, R. The nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase isozyme PC-1 directly promotes cartilage calcification through chondrocyte apoptosis and increased calcium precipitation by mineralizing vesicles. J. Rheumatol. 2001, 28, 2681–2691. [PubMed]
    • (2001) J. Rheumatol , vol.28 , pp. 2681-2691
    • Johnson, K.1    Pritzker, K.2    Goding, J.3    Terkeltaub, R.4
  • 86
    • 0347481187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased oxidative stresswith aging reduces chondrocyte survival: Correlation with intracellular glutathione levels
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Carlo, M.D., Jr.; Loeser, R.F. Increased oxidative stresswith aging reduces chondrocyte survival: Correlation with intracellular glutathione levels. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2003, 48, 3419–3430. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.48 , pp. 3419-3430
    • Carlo, M.D.1    Loeser, R.F.2
  • 88
    • 77649128750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy is a protective mechanism in normal cartilage, and its aging-related loss is linked with cell death and osteoarthritis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Carames, B.; Taniguchi, N.; Otsuki, S.; Blanco, F.J.; Lotz, M. Autophagy is a protective mechanism in normal cartilage, and its aging-related loss is linked with cell death and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2010, 62, 791–801. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2010) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.62 , pp. 791-801
    • Carames, B.1    Taniguchi, N.2    Otsuki, S.3    Blanco, F.J.4    Lotz, M.5
  • 90
    • 84938063012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix cross-linking-mediated mechanotransduction promotes posttraumatic osteoarthritis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kim, J.H.; Lee, G.; Won, Y.; Lee, M.; Kwak, J.S.; Chun, C.H.; Chun, J.S. Matrix cross-linking-mediated mechanotransduction promotes posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2015, 112, 9424–9429. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.112 , pp. 9424-9429
    • Kim, J.H.1    Lee, G.2    Won, Y.3    Lee, M.4    Kwak, J.S.5    Chun, C.H.6    Chun, J.S.7
  • 91
    • 84875818047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular accumulation of advanced glycation end products induces apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrocytes
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Yamabe, S.; Hirose, J.; Uehara, Y.; Okada, T.; Okamoto, N.; Oka, K.; Taniwaki, T.; Mizuta, H. Intracellular accumulation of advanced glycation end products induces apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrocytes. FEBS J. 2013, 280, 1617–1629. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2013) FEBS J , vol.280 , pp. 1617-1629
    • Yamabe, S.1    Hirose, J.2    Uehara, Y.3    Okada, T.4    Okamoto, N.5    Oka, K.6    Taniwaki, T.7    Mizuta, H.8
  • 92
    • 0029166857 scopus 로고
    • Growth factor responsiveness of human articular chondrocytes in aging and development
    • [CrossRef]
    • Guerne, P.A.; Blanco, F.; Kaelin, A.; Desgeorges, A.; Lotz, M. Growth factor responsiveness of human articular chondrocytes in aging and development. Arthritis Rheumatol. 1995, 38, 960–968. [CrossRef]
    • (1995) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.38 , pp. 960-968
    • Guerne, P.A.1    Blanco, F.2    Kaelin, A.3    Desgeorges, A.4    Lotz, M.5
  • 93
    • 84905046428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and oxidative stress reduce the response of human articular chondrocytes to insulin-like growth factor 1 and osteogenic protein 1
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Loeser, R.F.; Gandhi, U.; Long, D.L.; Yin, W.; Chubinskaya, S. Aging and oxidative stress reduce the response of human articular chondrocytes to insulin-like growth factor 1 and osteogenic protein 1. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014, 66, 2201–2209. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.66 , pp. 2201-2209
    • Loeser, R.F.1    Gandhi, U.2    Long, D.L.3    Yin, W.4    Chubinskaya, S.5
  • 94
    • 81055144784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy: Renovation of cells and tissues
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Mizushima, N.; Komatsu, M. Autophagy: Renovation of cells and tissues. Cell 2011, 147, 728–741. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Cell , vol.147 , pp. 728-741
    • Mizushima, N.1    Komatsu, M.2
  • 95
    • 79956118584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy signaling through reactive oxygen species
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Huang, J.; Lam, G.Y.; Brumell, J.H. Autophagy signaling through reactive oxygen species. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2011, 14, 2215–2231. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Antioxid. Redox Signal , vol.14 , pp. 2215-2231
    • Huang, J.1    Lam, G.Y.2    Brumell, J.H.3
  • 96
    • 84922356976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR deficiency results in severe, accelerated osteoarthritis associated with aberrant mTOR signalling in the articular cartilage
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Vasheghani, F.; Zhang, Y.; Li, Y.H.; Blati, M.; Fahmi, H.; Lussier, B.; Roughley, P.; Lagares, D.; Endisha, H.; Saffar, B. et al. PPAR deficiency results in severe, accelerated osteoarthritis associated with aberrant mTOR signalling in the articular cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2015, 74, 569–578. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Ann. Rheum. Dis , vol.74 , pp. 569-578
    • Vasheghani, F.1    Zhang, Y.2    Li, Y.H.3    Blati, M.4    Fahmi, H.5    Lussier, B.6    Roughley, P.7    Lagares, D.8    Endisha, H.9    Saffar, B.10
  • 98
    • 66049155861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of autophagy in human and murine cartilage: Hypoxia-inducible factor 2 suppresses chondrocyte autophagy
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Bohensky, J.; Terkhorn, S.P.; Freeman, T.A.; Adams, C.S.; Garcia, J.A.; Shapiro, I.M.; Srinivas, V. Regulation of autophagy in human and murine cartilage: Hypoxia-inducible factor 2 suppresses chondrocyte autophagy. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2009, 60, 1406–1415. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.60 , pp. 1406-1415
    • Bohensky, J.1    Terkhorn, S.P.2    Freeman, T.A.3    Adams, C.S.4    Garcia, J.A.5    Shapiro, I.M.6    Srinivas, V.7
  • 99
    • 0037178786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MTOR interacts with raptor to form a nutrient-sensitive complex that signals to the cell growth machinery
    • [CrossRef]
    • Kim, D.H.; Sarbassov, D.D.; Ali, S.M.; King, J.E.; Latek, R.R.; Erdjument-Bromage, H.; Tempst, P.; Sabatini, D.M. mTOR interacts with raptor to form a nutrient-sensitive complex that signals to the cell growth machinery. Cell 2002, 110, 163–175. [CrossRef]
    • (2002) Cell , vol.110 , pp. 163-175
    • Kim, D.H.1    Sarbassov, D.D.2    Ali, S.M.3    King, J.E.4    Latek, R.R.5    Erdjument-Bromage, H.6    Tempst, P.7    Sabatini, D.M.8
  • 100
    • 76649128715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation in bladder cancer
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Knowles, M.A.; Platt, F.M.; Ross, R.L.; Hurst, C.D. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation in bladder cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2009, 28, 305–316. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) Cancer Metastasis Rev , vol.28 , pp. 305-316
    • Knowles, M.A.1    Platt, F.M.2    Ross, R.L.3    Hurst, C.D.4
  • 102
    • 34548188741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-eating and self-killing: Crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Maiuri, M.C.; Zalckvar, E.; Kimchi, A.; Kroemer, G. Self-eating and self-killing: Crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2007, 8, 741–752. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol , vol.8 , pp. 741-752
    • Maiuri, M.C.1    Zalckvar, E.2    Kimchi, A.3    Kroemer, G.4
  • 104
    • 68149139456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The autophagy effector Beclin 1: A novel BH3-only protein
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Sinha, S.; Levine, B. The autophagy effector Beclin 1: A novel BH3-only protein. Oncogene 2008, 27 (Suppl. 1), S137–S148. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) Oncogene , vol.27 , pp. S137-S148
    • Sinha, S.1    Levine, B.2
  • 105
    • 78649636176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase-mediated cleavage of Beclin-1 inactivates Beclin-1-induced autophagy and enhances apoptosis by promoting the release of proapoptotic factors from mitochondria
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Wirawan, E.; Vande Walle, L.; Kersse, K.; Cornelis, S.; Claerhout, S.; Vanoverberghe, I.; Roelandt, R.; de Rycke, R.; Verspurten, J.; Declercq, W. et al. Caspase-mediated cleavage of Beclin-1 inactivates Beclin-1-induced autophagy and enhances apoptosis by promoting the release of proapoptotic factors from mitochondria. Cell Death Dis. 2010, 1, e18. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2010) Cell Death Dis , vol.1
    • Wirawan, E.1    Vande Walle, L.2    Kersse, K.3    Cornelis, S.4    Claerhout, S.5    Vanoverberghe, I.6    Roelandt, R.7    De Rycke, R.8    Verspurten, J.9    Declercq, W.10
  • 108
    • 84857910484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy activation by rapamycin reduces severity of experimental osteoarthritis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Carames, B.; Hasegawa, A.; Taniguchi, N.; Miyaki, S.; Blanco, F.J.; Lotz, M. Autophagy activation by rapamycin reduces severity of experimental osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2012, 71, 575–581. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2012) Ann. Rheum. Dis , vol.71 , pp. 575-581
    • Carames, B.1    Hasegawa, A.2    Taniguchi, N.3    Miyaki, S.4    Blanco, F.J.5    Lotz, M.6
  • 109
    • 84861981732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical injury suppresses autophagy regulators and pharmacologic activation of autophagy results in chondroprotection
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Carames, B.; Taniguchi, N.; Seino, D.; Blanco, F.J.; D’Lima, D.; Lotz, M. Mechanical injury suppresses autophagy regulators and pharmacologic activation of autophagy results in chondroprotection. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2012, 64, 1182–1192. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2012) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.64 , pp. 1182-1192
    • Carames, B.1    Taniguchi, N.2    Seino, D.3    Blanco, F.J.4    D’Lima, D.5    Lotz, M.6
  • 110
    • 84954394949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative changes and signalling pathways are pivotal in initiating age-related changes in articular cartilage
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hui, W.; Young, D.A.; Rowan, A.D.; Xu, X.; Cawston, T.E.; Proctor, C.J. Oxidative changes and signalling pathways are pivotal in initiating age-related changes in articular cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2014. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Ann. Rheum. Dis
    • Hui, W.1    Young, D.A.2    Rowan, A.D.3    Xu, X.4    Cawston, T.E.5    Proctor, C.J.6
  • 111
    • 84899689924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in human articular chondrocytes is cytoprotective following glucocorticoid stimulation
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Liu, N.; Wang, W.; Zhao, Z.; Zhang, T.; Song, Y. Autophagy in human articular chondrocytes is cytoprotective following glucocorticoid stimulation. Mol. Med. Rep. 2014, 9, 2166–2172. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Mol. Med. Rep , vol.9 , pp. 2166-2172
    • Liu, N.1    Wang, W.2    Zhao, Z.3    Zhang, T.4    Song, Y.5
  • 112
    • 84925729192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy activation and protection from mitochondrial dysfunction in human chondrocytes
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Lopez de Figueroa, P.; Lotz, M.K.; Blanco, F.J.; Carames, B. Autophagy activation and protection from mitochondrial dysfunction in human chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015, 67, 966–976. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.67 , pp. 966-976
    • Lopez De Figueroa, P.1    Lotz, M.K.2    Blanco, F.J.3    Carames, B.4
  • 113
    • 84892187515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dual role of autophagy in chondrocyte responses in the pathogenesis of articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis
    • Chang, J.; Wang, W.; Zhang, H.; Hu, Y.; Wang, M.; Yin, Z. The dual role of autophagy in chondrocyte responses in the pathogenesis of articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2014, 32, 1311–1318.
    • (2014) Int. J. Mol. Med , vol.32 , pp. 1311-1318
    • Chang, J.1    Wang, W.2    Zhang, H.3    Hu, Y.4    Wang, M.5    Yin, Z.6
  • 114
    • 84903773914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis contributes to articular cartilage degeneration via C/EBP homologous protein
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Uehara, Y.; Hirose, J.; Yamabe, S.; Okamoto, N.; Okada, T.; Oyadomari, S.; Mizuta, H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis contributes to articular cartilage degeneration via C/EBP homologous protein. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2014, 22, 1007–1017. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Osteoarthr. Cartil , vol.22 , pp. 1007-1017
    • Uehara, Y.1    Hirose, J.2    Yamabe, S.3    Okamoto, N.4    Okada, T.5    Oyadomari, S.6    Mizuta, H.7
  • 115
    • 84855377868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation and cardiovascular diseases
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Gotoh, T.; Endo, M.; Oike, Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Int. J. Inflam. 2011, 2011, 259462. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Int. J. Inflam , pp. 2011
    • Gotoh, T.1    Endo, M.2    Oike, Y.3
  • 116
    • 0036175128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of the Chop gene delays endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated diabetes
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Oyadomari, S.; Koizumi, A.; Takeda, K.; Gotoh, T.; Akira, S.; Araki, E.; Mori, M. Targeted disruption of the Chop gene delays endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated diabetes. J. Clin. Investig. 2002, 109, 525–532. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2002) J. Clin. Investig , vol.109 , pp. 525-532
    • Oyadomari, S.1    Koizumi, A.2    Takeda, K.3    Gotoh, T.4    Akira, S.5    Araki, E.6    Mori, M.7
  • 118
    • 84931349200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple Mechanisms of Unfolded Protein Response-Induced Cell Death
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hiramatsu, N.; Chiang, W.C.; Kurt, T.D.; Sigurdson, C.J.; Lin, J.H. Multiple Mechanisms of Unfolded Protein Response-Induced Cell Death. Am. J. Pathol. 2015, 185, 1800–1808. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Am. J. Pathol , vol.185 , pp. 1800-1808
    • Hiramatsu, N.1    Chiang, W.C.2    Kurt, T.D.3    Sigurdson, C.J.4    Lin, J.H.5
  • 119
    • 70349908409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced osteoarthritis in humans is associated with altered collagen VI expression and upregulation of ER-stress markers Grp78 and bag-1
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Nugent, A.E.; Speicher, D.M.; Gradisar, I.; McBurney, D.L.; Baraga, A.; Doane, K.J.; Horton, W.E., Jr. Advanced osteoarthritis in humans is associated with altered collagen VI expression and upregulation of ER-stress markers Grp78 and bag-1. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2009, 57, 923–931. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) J. Histochem. Cytochem , vol.57 , pp. 923-931
    • Nugent, A.E.1    Speicher, D.M.2    Gradisar, I.3    McBurney, D.L.4    Baraga, A.5    Doane, K.J.6    Horton, W.E.7
  • 120
    • 79959867275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced apoptotic and reduced protective response in chondrocytes following endoplasmic reticulum stress in osteoarthritic cartilage
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Takada, K.; Hirose, J.; Senba, K.; Yamabe, S.; Oike, Y.; Gotoh, T.; Mizuta, H. Enhanced apoptotic and reduced protective response in chondrocytes following endoplasmic reticulum stress in osteoarthritic cartilage. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 2011, 92, 232–242. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Int. J. Exp. Pathol , vol.92 , pp. 232-242
    • Takada, K.1    Hirose, J.2    Senba, K.3    Yamabe, S.4    Oike, Y.5    Gotoh, T.6    Mizuta, H.7
  • 121
    • 58849154467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of p38 MAPK in regulation of MMP13 mRNA in chondrocytes in response to surviving stress to endoplasmic reticulum
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hamamura, K.; Goldring, M.B.; Yokota, H. Involvement of p38 MAPK in regulation of MMP13 mRNA in chondrocytes in response to surviving stress to endoplasmic reticulum. Arch. Oral Biol. 2009, 54, 279–286. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) Arch. Oral Biol , vol.54 , pp. 279-286
    • Hamamura, K.1    Goldring, M.B.2    Yokota, H.3
  • 122
    • 84890350041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C/EBP homologous protein drives pro-catabolic responses in chondrocytes
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Husa, M.; Petursson, F.; Lotz, M.; Terkeltaub, R.; Liu-Bryan, R. C/EBP homologous protein drives pro-catabolic responses in chondrocytes. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2013, 15, R218. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2013) Arthritis Res. Ther , vol.15 , pp. R218
    • Husa, M.1    Petursson, F.2    Lotz, M.3    Terkeltaub, R.4    Liu-Bryan, R.5
  • 123
    • 24744438696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple signals induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in both primary and immortalized chondrocytes resulting in loss of differentiation, impaired cell growth, and apoptosis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Yang, L.; Carlson, S.G.; McBurney, D.; Horton, W.E., Jr. Multiple signals induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in both primary and immortalized chondrocytes resulting in loss of differentiation, impaired cell growth, and apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 31156–31165. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem , vol.280 , pp. 31156-31165
    • Yang, L.1    Carlson, S.G.2    McBurney, D.3    Horton, W.E.4
  • 124
    • 39149086750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteomic analysis of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes reveals protein changes in stress and glycolysis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Ruiz-Romero, C.; Carreira, V.; Rego, I.; Remeseiro, S.; Lopez-Armada, M.J.; Blanco, F.J. Proteomic analysis of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes reveals protein changes in stress and glycolysis. Proteomics 2008, 8, 495–507. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) Proteomics , vol.8 , pp. 495-507
    • Ruiz-Romero, C.1    Carreira, V.2    Rego, I.3    Remeseiro, S.4    Lopez-Armada, M.J.5    Blanco, F.J.6
  • 125
    • 84896475043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased autophagy reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: Role of protein synthesis and autophagic pathways
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Carloni, S.; Albertini, M.C.; Galluzzi, L.; Buonocore, G.; Proietti, F.; Balduini, W. Increased autophagy reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: Role of protein synthesis and autophagic pathways. Exp. Neurol. 2014, 255, 103–112. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Exp. Neurol , vol.255 , pp. 103-112
    • Carloni, S.1    Albertini, M.C.2    Galluzzi, L.3    Buonocore, G.4    Proietti, F.5    Balduini, W.6
  • 126
    • 0042530371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of granzyme B in human articular chondrocytes
    • [PubMed]
    • Horiuchi, K.; Saito, S.; Sasaki, R.; Tomatsu, T.; Toyama, Y. Expression of granzyme B in human articular chondrocytes. J. Rheumatol. 2003, 30, 1799–1810. [PubMed]
    • (2003) J. Rheumatol , vol.30 , pp. 1799-1810
    • Horiuchi, K.1    Saito, S.2    Sasaki, R.3    Tomatsu, T.4    Toyama, Y.5
  • 127
    • 54949117926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granzyme B induces apoptosis of chondrocytes with natural killer cell-like cytotoxicity in rheumatoid arthritis
    • [PubMed]
    • Saito, S.; Murakoshi, K.; Kotake, S.; Kamatani, N.; Tomatsu, T. Granzyme B induces apoptosis of chondrocytes with natural killer cell-like cytotoxicity in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 2008, 35, 1932–1943. [PubMed]
    • (2008) J. Rheumatol , vol.35 , pp. 1932-1943
    • Saito, S.1    Murakoshi, K.2    Kotake, S.3    Kamatani, N.4    Tomatsu, T.5
  • 131
    • 84856002853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D469del-COMP retention in chondrocytes stimulates caspase-independent necroptosis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Coustry, F.; Posey, K.L.; Liu, P.; Alcorn, J.L.; Hecht, J.T. D469del-COMP retention in chondrocytes stimulates caspase-independent necroptosis. Am. J. Pathol. 2012, 180, 738–748. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2012) Am. J. Pathol , vol.180 , pp. 738-748
    • Coustry, F.1    Posey, K.L.2    Liu, P.3    Alcorn, J.L.4    Hecht, J.T.5
  • 132
    • 0347602114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrocyte apoptosis induced by collagen degradation: Inhibition by caspase inhibitors and IGF-1
    • [CrossRef]
    • Lo, M.Y.; Kim, H.T. Chondrocyte apoptosis induced by collagen degradation: Inhibition by caspase inhibitors and IGF-1. J. Orthop. Res. 2004, 22, 140–144. [CrossRef]
    • (2004) J. Orthop. Res , vol.22 , pp. 140-144
    • Lo, M.Y.1    Kim, H.T.2
  • 133
    • 21344467473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatase-1 and -2A inhibition modulates apoptosis in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes independently of nitric oxide production
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Lopez-Armada, M.J.; Carames, B.; Cillero-Pastor, B.; Lires-Dean, M.; Maneiro, E.; Fuentes, I.; Ruiz, C.; Galdo, F.; Blanco, F.J. Phosphatase-1 and -2A inhibition modulates apoptosis in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes independently of nitric oxide production. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2005, 64, 1079–1082. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2005) Ann. Rheum. Dis , vol.64 , pp. 1079-1082
    • Lopez-Armada, M.J.1    Carames, B.2    Cillero-Pastor, B.3    Lires-Dean, M.4    Maneiro, E.5    Fuentes, I.6    Ruiz, C.7    Galdo, F.8    Blanco, F.J.9
  • 134
    • 0034190357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of caspase-3-like activity prevents apoptosis while retaining functionality of human chondrocytes in vitro
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Nuttall, M.E.; Nadeau, D.P.; Fisher, P.W.; Wang, F.; Keller, P.M.; DeWolf, W.E., Jr.; Goldring, M.B.; Badger, A.M.; Lee, D.; Levy, M.A. et al. Inhibition of caspase-3-like activity prevents apoptosis while retaining functionality of human chondrocytes in vitro. J. Orthop. Res. 2000, 18, 356–363. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2000) J. Orthop. Res , vol.18 , pp. 356-363
    • Nuttall, M.E.1    Nadeau, D.P.2    Fisher, P.W.3    Wang, F.4    Keller, P.M.5    Dewolf, W.E.6    Goldring, M.B.7    Badger, A.M.8    Lee, D.9    Levy, M.A.10
  • 135
    • 0034767499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrocyte death in experimental osteoarthritis is mediated by MEK 1/2 and p38 pathways: Role of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase
    • [PubMed]
    • Pelletier, J.P.; Fernandes, J.C.; Jovanovic, D.V.; Reboul, P.; Martel-Pelletier, J. Chondrocyte death in experimental osteoarthritis is mediated by MEK 1/2 and p38 pathways: Role of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. J. Rheumatol. 2001, 28, 2509–2519. [PubMed]
    • (2001) J. Rheumatol , vol.28 , pp. 2509-2519
    • Pelletier, J.P.1    Fernandes, J.C.2    Jovanovic, D.V.3    Reboul, P.4    Martel-Pelletier, J.5
  • 137
    • 33745041925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase inhibitors reduce severity of cartilage lesions in experimental osteoarthritis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • D’Lima, D.; Hermida, J.; Hashimoto, S.; Colwell, C.; Lotz, M. Caspase inhibitors reduce severity of cartilage lesions in experimental osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2006, 54, 1814–1821. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.54 , pp. 1814-1821
    • D’Lima, D.1    Hermida, J.2    Hashimoto, S.3    Colwell, C.4    Lotz, M.5
  • 138
    • 78650758141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New developments in osteoarthritis. Posttraumatic osteoarthritis: Pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment options
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Lotz, M.K.; Kraus, V.B. New developments in osteoarthritis. Posttraumatic osteoarthritis: Pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment options. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2010, 12, 211. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2010) Arthritis Res. Ther , vol.12 , pp. 211
    • Lotz, M.K.1    Kraus, V.B.2
  • 139
    • 84919393952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of early intra-articular administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on lubricin metabolism and cartilage degeneration in an anterior cruciate ligament transection model
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Elsaid, K.A.; Zhang, L.; Shaman, Z.; Patel, C.; Schmidt, T.A.; Jay, G.D. The impact of early intra-articular administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on lubricin metabolism and cartilage degeneration in an anterior cruciate ligament transection model. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2015, 23, 114–121. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Osteoarthr. Cartil , vol.23 , pp. 114-121
    • Elsaid, K.A.1    Zhang, L.2    Shaman, Z.3    Patel, C.4    Schmidt, T.A.5    Jay, G.D.6
  • 140
    • 0037368906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diacerein reduces the level of cartilage chondrocyte DNA fragmentation and death in experimental dog osteoarthritic cartilage at the same time that it inhibits caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase
    • [PubMed]
    • Pelletier, J.P.; Mineau, F.; Boileau, C.; Martel-Pelletier, J. Diacerein reduces the level of cartilage chondrocyte DNA fragmentation and death in experimental dog osteoarthritic cartilage at the same time that it inhibits caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 2003, 21, 171–177. [PubMed]
    • (2003) Clin. Exp. Rheumatol , vol.21 , pp. 171-177
    • Pelletier, J.P.1    Mineau, F.2    Boileau, C.3    Martel-Pelletier, J.4
  • 142
    • 0033910259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hyaluronan on chondrocyte apoptosis and nitric oxide production in experimentally induced osteoarthritis
    • [PubMed]
    • Takahashi, K.; Hashimoto, S.; Kubo, T.; Hirasawa, Y.; Lotz, M.; Amiel, D. Effect of hyaluronan on chondrocyte apoptosis and nitric oxide production in experimentally induced osteoarthritis. J. Rheumatol. 2000, 27, 1713–1720. [PubMed]
    • (2000) J. Rheumatol , vol.27 , pp. 1713-1720
    • Takahashi, K.1    Hashimoto, S.2    Kubo, T.3    Hirasawa, Y.4    Lotz, M.5    Amiel, D.6
  • 143
    • 0036793172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High doses of glucosamine-HCl have detrimental effects on bovine articular cartilage explants cultured in vitro
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • De Mattei, M.; Pellati, A.; Pasello, M.; de Terlizzi, F.; Massari, L.; Gemmati, D.; Caruso, A. High doses of glucosamine-HCl have detrimental effects on bovine articular cartilage explants cultured in vitro. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2002, 10, 816–825. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2002) Osteoarthr. Cartil , vol.10 , pp. 816-825
    • De Mattei, M.1    Pellati, A.2    Pasello, M.3    De Terlizzi, F.4    Massari, L.5    Gemmati, D.6    Caruso, A.7
  • 144
    • 84904125173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subchondral bone plate thickening precedes chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation in spontaneous animal models of osteoarthritis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Zamli, Z.; Robson Brown, K.; Tarlton, J.F.; Adams, M.A.; Torlot, G.E.; Cartwright, C.; Cook, W.A.; Vassilevskaja, K.; Sharif, M. Subchondral bone plate thickening precedes chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation in spontaneous animal models of osteoarthritis. Biomed Res. Int. 2014, 2014, 606870. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Biomed Res. Int , pp. 2014
    • Zamli, Z.1    Robson Brown, K.2    Tarlton, J.F.3    Adams, M.A.4    Torlot, G.E.5    Cartwright, C.6    Cook, W.A.7    Vassilevskaja, K.8    Sharif, M.9


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.