Inflammasome activation and metabolic disease progression

Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 699-706

  Li, Hua Bing ^a   Jin, Chengcheng ^a   Chen, Yuanyuan ^b   Flavell, Richard A ^a,c  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b THIRD MILITARY MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Inflammasomes; Metabolic diseases; NOD like receptors

Indexed keywords

CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 4; CRYOPYRIN; DAI PROTEIN; I KAPPA B KINASE BETA; INFLAMMASOME; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA CONVERTING ENZYME; LGP2 PROTEIN; MELANOMA DIFFERENTIATION ASSOCIATED GENE 5; NLRP12 PROTEIN; NLRP6 PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE BINDING OLIGOMERIZATION DOMAIN LIKE RECEPTOR; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; RIG 1 PROTEIN; STING PROTEIN; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; IL1B PROTEIN, HUMAN;

BRAIN FUNCTION; CYTOKINE RESPONSE; ENCEPHALITIS; ENZYME ACTIVATION; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOTHALAMUS; INNATE IMMUNITY; INSULIN RELEASE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INTESTINE FLORA; METABOLIC DISORDER; METABOLIC REGULATION; METABOLIC STRESS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; PANCREAS ISLET DISEASE; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; VASCULITIS; ANIMAL; COMPLICATION; GENETICS; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLIC DISEASES; OBESITY;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; INFLAMMASOMES; INTERLEUKIN-18; INTERLEUKIN-1BETA; METABOLIC DISEASES; OBESITY;

EID: 84918556310     PISSN: 13596101     EISSN: 18790305     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.020     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2001, 1(November (2)):135-145. PubMed PMID: 11905821. Epub 2002/03/22.eng.
2. Takeuchi O., Akira S. Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell 2010, 140(March (6)):805-820. PubMed PMID: 20303872. Epub 2010/03/23.eng.
3. Gregor M.F., Hotamisligil G.S. Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Ann Rev Immunol 2011, 29:415-445. PubMed PMID: 21219177.
4. Bryant C., Fitzgerald K.A. Molecular mechanisms involved in inflammasome activation. Trends Cell Biol 2009, 9:455-464. PubMed PMID: 19716304. Epub 2009/09/01.eng.
5. Schroder K., Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell 2010, 140(March (6)):821-832. PubMed PMID: 20303873.
6. Mason D.R., Beck P.L., Muruve D.A. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors and inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of non-microbial inflammation and diseases. J Innate Immun 2012, 4(1):16-30. PubMed PMID: 22067846.
7. Baccala R., Gonzalez-Quintial R., Lawson B.R., Stern M.E., Kono D.H., Beutler B., et al. Sensors of the innate immune system: their mode of action. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009, 5(August (8)):448-456. PubMed PMID: 19597511. Epub 2009/07/15.eng.
8. Travassos L.H., Carneiro L.A., Ramjeet M., Hussey S., Kim Y.G., Magalhaes J.G., et al. Nod1 and Nod2 direct autophagy by recruiting ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the site of bacterial entry. Nat Immunol 2010, 11(January (1)):55-62. PubMed PMID: 19898471. Epub 2009/11/10.eng.
9. Lamkanfi M., Dixit V.M. Inflammasomes and their roles in health and disease. Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol 2012, 28:137-161. PubMed PMID: 22974247.
10. Bergsbaken T., Fink S.L., Cookson B.T. Pyroptosis: host cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009, 7(February (2)):99-109. PubMed PMID: 19148178. Epub 2009/01/17.eng.
11. Keller M., Ruegg A., Werner S., Beer H.D. Active caspase-1 is a regulator of unconventional protein secretion. Cell 2008, 132(March (5)):818-831. PubMed PMID: 18329368. Epub 2008/03/11.eng.
12. Shao W., Yeretssian G., Doiron K., Hussain S.N., Saleh M. The caspase-1 digestome identifies the glycolysis pathway as a target during infection and septic shock. J Biol Chem 2007, 282(December (50)):36321-36329. PubMed PMID: 17959595. Epub 2007/10/26.eng.
13. Gurcel L., Abrami L., Girardin S., Tschopp J., van der Goot F.G. Caspase-1 activation of lipid metabolic pathways in response to bacterial pore-forming toxins promotes cell survival. Cell 2006, 126(September (6)):1135-1145. PubMed PMID: 16990137. Epub 2006/09/23.eng.
14. Akhter A., Gavrilin M.A., Frantz L., Washington S., Ditty C., Limoli D., et al. Caspase-7 activation by the Nlrc4/Ipaf inflammasome restricts Legionella pneumophila infection. PLoS Pathog 2009, 5(April (4)):e1000361. PubMed PMID: 19343209. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2657210. Epub 2009/04/04.eng.
15. Kanneganti T.D., Body-Malapel M., Amer A., Park J.H., Whitfield J., Franchi L., et al. Critical role for Cryopyrin/Nalp3 in activation of caspase-1 in response to viral infection and double-stranded RNA. J Biol Chem 2006, 281(December (48)):36560-36568. PubMed PMID: 17008311. Epub 2006/09/30.eng.
16. Muruve D.A., Petrilli V., Zaiss A.K., White L.R., Clark S.A., Ross P.J., et al. The inflammasome recognizes cytosolic microbial and host DNA and triggers an innate immune response. Nature 2008, 452(March (7183)):103-107. PubMed PMID: 18288107. Epub 2008/02/22.eng.
17. Wilson D., Thewes S., Zakikhany K., Fradin C., Albrecht A., Almeida R., et al. Identifying infection-associated genes of Candida albicans in the postgenomic era. FEMS Yeast Res 2009, 9(August (5)):688-700. PubMed PMID: 19473261. Epub 2009/05/29.eng.
18. Mariathasan S., Weiss D.S., Newton K., McBride J., O'Rourke K., Roose-Girma M., et al. Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome in response to toxins and ATP. Nature 2006, 440(March (7081)):228-232. PubMed PMID:16407890. Epub 2006/01/13.eng.
19. Kanneganti T.D., Ozoren N., Body-Malapel M., Amer A., Park J.H., Franchi L., et al. Bacterial RNA and small antiviral compounds activate caspase-1 through cryopyrin/Nalp3. Nature 2006, 440(March (7081)):233-236. PubMed PMID: 16407888. Epub 2006/01/13.eng.
20. Dostert C., Guarda G., Romero J.F., Menu P., Gross O., Tardivel A., et al. Malarial hemozoin is a Nalp3 inflammasome activating danger signal. PLoS ONE 2009, 4(8):e6510. PubMed PMID: 19652710. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2714977. Epub 2009/08/05.eng.
21. Gross O., Poeck H., Bscheider M., Dostert C., Hannesschlager N., Endres S., et al. Syk kinase signalling couples to the Nlrp3 inflammasome for anti-fungal host defence. Nature 2009, 459(May (7245)):433-436. PubMed PMID: 19339971. Epub 2009/04/03.eng.
22. Yamasaki K., Muto J., Taylor K.R., Cogen A.L., Audish D., Bertin J., et al. NLRP3/cryopyrin is necessary for interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) release in response to hyaluronan, an endogenous trigger of inflammation in response to injury. J Biol Chem 2009, 284(May (19)):12762-12771. PubMed PMID: 19258328. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2676006. Epub 2009/03/05.eng.
23. Halle A., Hornung V., Petzold G.C., Stewart C.R., Monks B.G., Reinheckel T., et al. The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-beta. Nat Immunol 2008, 9(August (8)):857-865. PubMed PMID: 18604209. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3101478. Epub 2008/07/08.eng.
24. Zhou R., Tardivel A., Thorens B., Choi I., Tschopp J. Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation. Nat Immunol 2010, 11(February (2)):136-140. PubMed PMID: 20023662. Epub 2009/12/22.eng.
25. Martinon F., Petrilli V., Mayor A., Tardivel A., Tschopp J. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature 2006, 440(March (7081)):237-241. PubMed PMID: 16407889. Epub 2006/01/13.eng.
26. Dostert C., Petrilli V., Van Bruggen R., Steele C., Mossman B.T., Tschopp J. Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica. Science 2008, 320(May (5876)):674-677. PubMed PMID: 18403674. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2396588. Epub 2008/04/12.eng.
27. Hornung V., Bauernfeind F., Halle A., Samstad E.O., Kono H., Rock K.L., et al. Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization. Nat Immunol 2008, 9(August (8)):847-856. PubMed PMID: 18604214. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2834784. Epub 2008/07/08.eng.
28. Cassel S.L., Eisenbarth S.C., Iyer S.S., Sadler J.J., Colegio O.R., Tephly L.A., et al. The Nalp3 inflammasome is essential for the development of silicosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008, 105(July (26)):9035-9040. PubMed PMID: 18577586. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2449360. Epub 2008/06/26.eng.
29. Eisenbarth S.C., Colegio O.R., O'Connor W., Sutterwala F.S., Flavell R.A. Crucial role for the Nalp3 inflammasome in the immunostimulatory properties of aluminium adjuvants. Nature 2008, 453(June (7198)):1122-1126. PubMed PMID: 18496530. Epub 2008/05/23.eng.
30. Feldmeyer L., Keller M., Niklaus G., Hohl D., Werner S., Beer H.D. The inflammasome mediates UVB-induced activation and secretion of interleukin-1beta by keratinocytes. Curr Biol 2007, 17(July (13)):1140-1145. PubMed PMID: 17600714. Epub 2007/06/30.eng.
31. Watanabe H., Gaide O., Petrilli V., Martinon F., Contassot E., Roques S., et al. Activation of the IL-1beta-processing inflammasome is involved in contact hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 2007, 127(August (8)):1956-1963. PubMed PMID: 17429439. Epub/04/13.eng.
32. Sutterwala F.S., Ogura Y., Szczepanik M., Lara-Tejero M., Lichtenberger G.S., Grant E.P., et al. Critical role for NALP3/CIAS1/Cryopyrin in innate and adaptive immunity through its regulation of caspase-1. Immunity 2006, 24(March (3)):317-327. PubMed PMID: 16546100. Epub 2006/03/21.eng.
33. Bauernfeind F.G., Horvath G., Stutz A., Alnemri E.S., MacDonald K., Speert D., et al. Cutting edge: NF-kappaB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression. J Immunol 2009, 183(July (2)):787-791. PubMed PMID: 19570822. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2824855. Epub 2009/07/03.eng.
34. Mayor A., Martinon F., De Smedt T., Petrilli V., Tschopp J. A crucial function of SGT1 and HSP90 in inflammasome activity links mammalian and plant innate immune responses. Nat Immunol 2007, 8(May (5)):497-503. PubMed PMID: 17435760. Epub 2007/04/17.eng.
35. Jin C., Flavell R.A. Molecular mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Clin Immunol 2010, 30(September (5)):628-631. PubMed PMID: 20589420. Epub 2010/07/01.eng.
36. Petrilli V., Papin S., Dostert C., Mayor A., Martinon F., Tschopp J. Activation of the NALP3 inflammasome is triggered by low intracellular potassium concentration. Cell Death Differ 2007, 14(September (9)):1583-1589. PubMed PMID: 17599094. Epub 2007/06/30.eng.
37. Kahlenberg J.M., Dubyak G.R. Differing caspase-1 activation states in monocyte versus macrophage models of IL-1beta processing and release. J Leukoc Biol 2004, 76(September (3)):676-684. PubMed PMID: 15240753. Epub 2004/07/09.eng.
38. Strowig T., Henao-Mejia J., Elinav E., Flavell R. Inflammasomes in health and disease. Nature 2012, 481(January (7381)):278-286. PubMed PMID: 22258606. Epub 2012/01/20.eng.
39. Grenier J.M., Wang L., Manji G.A., Huang W.J., Al-Garawi A., Kelly R., et al. Functional screening of five PYPAF family members identifies PYPAF5 as a novel regulator of NF-kappaB and caspase-1. FEBS Lett 2002, 530(October (1-3)):73-78. PubMed PMID: 12387869. Epub 2002/10/22.eng.
40. Wang L., Manji G.A., Grenier J.M., Al-Garawi A., Merriam S., Lora J.M., et al. PYPAF7, a novel PYRIN-containing Apaf1-like protein that regulates activation of NF-kappa B and caspase-1-dependent cytokine processing. J Biol Chem 2002, 277(August (33)):29874-29880. PubMed PMID: 12019269. Epub 2002/05/23.eng.
41. Allen I.C., Wilson J.E., Schneider M., Lich J.D., Roberts R.A., Arthur J.C., et al. NLRP12 suppresses colon inflammation and tumorigenesis through the negative regulation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling. Immunity 2012, 36(May (5)):742-754. PubMed PMID: 22503542.
42. Zaki M.H., Vogel P., Malireddi R.K., Body-Malapel M., Anand P.K., Bertin J., et al. The NOD-like receptor NLRP12 attenuates colon inflammation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2011, 20(November (5)):649-660. PubMed PMID: 22094258.
43. Elinav E., Strowig T., Kau A.L., Henao-Mejia J., Thaiss C.A., Booth C.J., et al. NLRP6 inflammasome regulates colonic microbial ecology and risk for colitis. Cell 2011, 145(May (5)):745-757. PubMed PMID: 21565393. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3140910. Epub 2011/05/14.eng.
44. Normand S., Delanoye-Crespin A., Bressenot A., Huot L., Grandjean T., Peyrin-Biroulet L., et al. Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 6 (NLRP6) controls epithelial self-renewal and colorectal carcinogenesis upon injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011, 108(June (23)):9601-9966. PubMed PMID: 21593405. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3111299. Epub 2011/05/20.eng.
45. Chen G.Y., Liu M., Wang F., Bertin J., Nunez G. A functional role for Nlrp6 in intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. J Immunol 2011, 186(June (12)):7187-7194. PubMed PMID: 21543645. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3133458. Epub 2011/05/06.eng.
46. Anand P.K., Malireddi R.K., Lukens J.R., Vogel P., Bertin J., Lamkanfi M., et al. NLRP6 negatively regulates innate immunity and host defence against bacterial pathogens. Nature 2012, 488(August (7411)):389-393. PubMed PMID: 22763455. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3422416.
47. Arthur J.C., Lich J.D., Ye Z., Allen I.C., Gris D., Wilson J.E., et al. Cutting edge: NLRP12 controls dendritic and myeloid cell migration to affect contact hypersensitivity. J Immunol 2010, 185(October (8)):4515-4519. PubMed PMID: 20861349.
48. Borghini S., Tassi S., Chiesa S., Caroli F., Carta S., Caorsi R., et al. Clinical presentation and pathogenesis of cold-induced autoinflammatory disease in a family with recurrence of an NLRP12 mutation. Arthritis Rheum 2011, 63(March (3)):830-839. PubMed PMID: 21360512. Pubmed Central PMCID:3112487.
49. Vladimer G.I., Weng D., Paquette S.W., Vanaja S.K., Rathinam V.A., Aune M.H., et al. The NLRP12 inflammasome recognizes Yersinia pestis. Immunity 2012, 37(July (1)):96-107. PubMed PMID: 22840842. Epub 2012/07/31.eng.
50. Hotamisligil G.S., Erbay E. Nutrient sensing and inflammation in metabolic diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2008, 8(December (12)):923-934. PubMed PMID: 19029988. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2814543. Epub/11/26.eng.
51. Demas G.E., Chefer V., Talan M.I., Nelson R.J. Metabolic costs of mounting an antigen-stimulated immune response in adult and aged C57BL/6J mice. Am J Physiol 1997, 273(November (5 Pt 2)):R1631-R1637. PubMed PMID: 9374803. Epub 1997/12/31.eng.
52. Demas G.E., Drazen D.L., Nelson R.J. Reductions in total body fat decrease humoral immunity. Proc Biol Sci 2003, 270(May (1518)):905-911. PubMed PMID: 12803904. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1691330. Epub 2003/06/14.eng.
53. Moret Y., Schmid-Hempel P. Survival for immunity: the price of immune system activation for bumblebee workers. Science 2000, 290(November (5494)):1166-1168. PubMed PMID: 11073456. Epub 2000/11/10.eng.
54. Uysal K.T., Wiesbrock S.M., Marino M.W., Hotamisligil G.S. Protection from obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking TNF-alpha function. Nature 1997, 389(October (6651)):610-614. PubMed PMID: 9335502. Epub 1997/10/2322:33.eng.
55. Wellen K.E., Hotamisligil G.S. Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest 2005, 5(May (115)):1111-1119. PubMed PMID: 15864338. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1087185. Epub 2005/05/03.eng.
56. Kanda H., Tateya S., Tamori Y., Kotani K., Hiasa K., Kitazawa R., et al. MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. J Clin Invest 2006, 116(June (6)):1494-1505. PubMed PMID: 16691291. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1459069. Epub 2006/05/13.eng.
57. Hirosumi J., Tuncman G., Chang L., Gorgun C.Z., Uysal K.T., Maeda K., et al. A central role for JNK in obesity and insulin resistance. Nature 2002, 420(November (6913)):333-336. PubMed PMID: 12447443. Epub 2002/11/26.eng.
58. Arkan M.C., Hevener A.L., Greten F.R., Maeda S., Li Z.W., Long J.M., et al. IKK-beta links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Nat Med 2005, 11(February (2)):191-198. PubMed PMID: 15685170. Epub 2005/02/03.eng.
59. Shi H., Kokoeva M.V., Inouye K., Tzameli I., Yin H., Flier J.S. TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2006, 116(November (11)):3015-3025. PubMed PMID: 17053832. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1616196. Epub 2006/10/21.eng.
60. Lee H.M., Kim J.J., Kim H.J., Shong M., Ku B.J., Jo E.K. Upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2013, 62(January (1)):194-204. PubMed PMID: 23086037. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3526026. Epub 2012/10/23.eng.
61. Wen H., Gris D., Lei Y., Jha S., Zhang L., Huang M.T., et al. Fatty acid-induced NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation interferes with insulin signaling. Nat Immunol 2011, 12(May (5)):408-415. PubMed PMID: 21478880. Epub 2011/04/12.eng.
62. Konner A.C., Bruning J.C. Toll-like receptors: linking inflammation to metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011, 22(January (1)):16-23. PubMed PMID: 20888253. Epub 2010/10/05.eng.
63. Tanti J.F., Ceppo F., Jager J., Berthou F. Implication of inflammatory signaling pathways in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012, 3:181. PubMed PMID: 23316186. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3539134. Epub 2013/01/15.eng.
64. Zhao L., Hu P., Zhou Y., Purohit J., Hwang D. NOD1 activation induces proinflammatory gene expression and insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011, 301(October (4)):E587-E598. PubMed PMID: 21693690. Epub 2011/06/23.eng.
65. Tamrakar A.K., Schertzer J.D., Chiu T.T., Foley K.P., Bilan P.J., Philpott D.J., et al. NOD2 activation induces muscle cell-autonomous innate immune responses and insulin resistance. Endocrinology 2010, 151(December (12)):5624-5637. PubMed PMID: 20926588. Epub 2010/10/12.eng.
66. Purohit J.S., Hu P., Burke S.J., Collier J.J., Chen J., Zhao L. The effects of NOD activation on adipocyte differentiation. Obesity 2013, 21(April (4)):737-747. PubMed PMID: 23712977.
67. Schertzer J.D., Tamrakar A.K., Magalhaes J.G., Pereira S., Bilan P.J., Fullerton M.D., et al. NOD1 activators link innate immunity to insulin resistance. Diabetes 2011, 60(September (9)):2206-2215. PubMed PMID: 21715553. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3161332. Epub 2011/07/01.eng.
68. Amar J., Chabo C., Waget A., Klopp P., Vachoux C., Bermudez-Humaran L.G., et al. Intestinal mucosal adherence and translocation of commensal bacteria at the early onset of type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms and probiotic treatment. EMBO Mol Med 2011, 3(September (9)):559-572. PubMed PMID: 21735552. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3265717. Epub 2011/07/08.eng.
69. Vandanmagsar B., Youm Y.H., Ravussin A., Galgani J.E., Stadler K., Mynatt R.L., et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat Med 2011, 17(February (2)):179-188. PubMed PMID: 21217695. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3076025. Epub 2011/01/11.eng.
70. Dixon L.J., Flask C.A., Papouchado B.G., Feldstein A.E., Nagy L.E. Caspase-1 as a central regulator of high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS ONE 2013, 8(2):e56100. PubMed PMID: 23409132. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3567081. Epub 2013/02/15.eng.
71. Stienstra R., Joosten L.A., Koenen T., van Tits B., van Diepen J.A., van den Berg S.A., et al. The inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Cell Metab 2010, 12(December (6)):593-605. PubMed PMID: 21109192. Epub 2010/11/27.eng.
72. Stienstra R., van Diepen J.A., Tack C.J., Zaki M.H., van de Veerdonk F.L., Perera D., et al. Inflammasome is a central player in the induction of obesity and insulin resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011, 108(September (37)):15324-15329. PubMed PMID: 21876127. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3174591. Epub 2011/08/31.eng.
73. Larsen C.M., Faulenbach M., Vaag A., Volund A., Ehses J.A., Seifert B., et al. Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2007, 356(April (15)):1517-1526. PubMed PMID: 17429083. Epub 2007/04/13.eng.
74. Ehses J.A., Lacraz G., Giroix M.H., Schmidlin F., Coulaud J., Kassis N., et al. IL-1 antagonism reduces hyperglycemia and tissue inflammation in the type 2 diabetic GK rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106(August (33)):13998-14003. PubMed PMID: 19666548. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2729009. Epub 2009/08/12.eng.
75. Netea M.G., Joosten L.A., Lewis E., Jensen D.R., Voshol P.J., Kullberg B.J., et al. Deficiency of interleukin-18 in mice leads to hyperphagia, obesity and insulin resistance. Nat Med 2006, 12(June (6)):650-656. PubMed PMID: 16732281. Epub 2006/05/30.eng.
76. Thaler J.P., Choi S.J., Schwartz M.W., Wisse B.E. Hypothalamic inflammation and energy homeostasis: resolving the paradox. Front Neuroendocrinol 2010, 31(January (1)):79-84. PubMed PMID: 19822168. Epub 2009/10/14.eng.
77. Purkayastha S., Zhang H., Zhang G., Ahmed Z., Wang Y., Cai D. Neural dysregulation of peripheral insulin action and blood pressure by brain endoplasmic reticulum stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011, 108(February (7)):2939-2944. PubMed PMID: 21282643. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3041145. Epub 2011/02/02.eng.
78. Lumeng C.N., Saltiel A.R. Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest 2011, 121(June (6)):2111-2117. PubMed PMID: 21633179. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3104776. Epub 2011/06/03.eng.
79. Zhang X., Zhang G., Zhang H., Karin M., Bai H., Cai D. Hypothalamic IKKbeta/NF-kappaB and ER stress link overnutrition to energy imbalance and obesity. Cell 2008, 135(October (1)):61-73. PubMed PMID: 18854155. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2586330. Epub 2008/10/16.eng.
80. Osborn O., Gram H., Zorrilla E.P., Conti B., Bartfai T. Insights into the roles of the inflammatory mediators IL-1, IL-18 and PGE2 in obesity and insulin resistance. Swiss Med Wkly 2008, 138(November (45-46)):665-673. PubMed PMID: 18855149. Epub 2008/10/16.eng.
81. Zorrilla E.P., Sanchez-Alavez M., Sugama S., Brennan M., Fernandez R., Bartfai T., et al. Interleukin-18 controls energy homeostasis by suppressing appetite and feed efficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104(June (26)):11097-11102. PubMed PMID: 17578927. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1904154. Epub 2007/06/21.eng.
82. Heneka M.T., Kummer M.P., Stutz A., Delekate A., Schwartz S., Vieira-Saecker A., et al. NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer's disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS1 mice. Nature 2013, 493(January (7434)):674-678. PubMed PMID: 23254930. Epub 2012/12/21.eng.
83. Jha S., Srivastava S.Y., Brickey W.J., Iocca H., Toews A., Morrison J.P., et al. The inflammasome sensor NLRP3, regulates CNS inflammation and demyelination via caspase-1 and interleukin-18. J Neurosci 2010, 30(November (47)):15811-15820. PubMed PMID: 21106820. Epub 2010/11/26.eng.
84. Donath M.Y., Boni-Schnetzler M., Ellingsgaard H., Ehses J.A. Islet inflammation impairs the pancreatic beta-cell in type 2 diabetes. Physiology (Bethesda) 2009, 24:325-331. PubMed PMID: 19996363. Epub 2009/12/10.eng.
85. Donath M.Y., Shoelson S.E. Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2011, 11(February (2)):98-107. PubMed PMID: 21233852. Epub 2011/01/15.eng.
86. Donath M.Y., Boni-Schnetzler M., Ellingsgaard H., Halban P.A., Ehses J.A. Cytokine production by islets in health and diabetes: cellular origin, regulation and function. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010, 21(May (5)):261-267. PubMed PMID: 20096598. Epub 2010/01/26.eng.
87. Masters S.L., Dunne A., Subramanian S.L., Hull R.L., Tannahill G.M., Sharp F.A., et al. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by islet amyloid polypeptide provides a mechanism for enhanced IL-1beta in type 2 diabetes. Nat Immunol 2010, 11(October (10)):897-904. PubMed PMID: 20835230. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3103663. Epub 2010/09/14.eng.
88. Rocha V.Z., Libby P. Obesity, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2009, 6(June (6)):399-409. PubMed PMID: 19399028. Epub 2009/04/29.eng.
89. Masters S.L., Latz E., O'Neill L.A. The inflammasome in atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Sci Transl Med 2011, 3(May (81)):81ps17. PubMed PMID: 21543720. Epub 2011/05/06.eng.
90. Duewell P., Kono H., Rayner K.J., Sirois C.M., Vladimer G., Bauernfeind F.G., et al. NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals. Nature 2010, 464(April (7293)):1357-1361. PubMed PMID: 20428172. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2946640.
91. Gage J., Hasu M., Thabet M., Whitman S.C. Caspase-1 deficiency decreases atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Can J Cardiol 2012, 28(March-April (2)):222-229. PubMed PMID: 22265992. Epub/01/24.eng.
92. Usui F., Shirasuna K., Kimura H., Tatsumi K., Kawashima A., Karasawa T., et al. Critical role of caspase-1 in vascular inflammation and development of atherosclerosis in Western diet-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012, 425(August (2)):162-168. PubMed PMID: 22819845. Epub 2012/07/24.eng.
93. Menu P., Pellegrin M., Aubert J.F., Bouzourene K., Tardivel A., Mazzolai L., et al. Atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice progresses independently of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Death Dis 2011, 2:e137. PubMed PMID: 21451572. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3101814. Epub 2011/04/01.eng.
94. De Nardo D., Latz E. NLRP3 inflammasomes link inflammation and metabolic disease. Trends Immunol 2011, 32(August (8)):373-379. PubMed PMID: 21733753. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3151541.
95. Rajamaki K., Lappalainen J., Oorni K., Valimaki E., Matikainen S., Kovanen P.T., et al. Cholesterol crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages: a novel link between cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. PLoS ONE 2010, 5(7):e11765. PubMed PMID: 20668705. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2909263. Epub 2010/07/30.eng.
96. Jiang Y., Wang M., Huang K., Zhang Z., Shao N., Zhang Y., et al. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein induces secretion of interleukin-1beta by macrophages via reactive oxygen species-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012, 425(August (2)):121-126. PubMed PMID: 22796220.
97. Backhed F. Programming of host metabolism by the gut microbiota. Ann Nutr Metab 2011, 58(Suppl 2):44-52. PubMed PMID: 21846980. Epub 2011/08/24.eng.
98. Nicholson J.K., Holmes E., Kinross J., Burcelin R., Gibson G., Jia W., et al. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science 2012, 336(June (6086)):1262-1267. PubMed PMID: 22674330. Epub 2012/06/08.eng.
99. Turnbaugh P.J., Hamady M., Yatsunenko T., Cantarel B.L., Duncan A., Ley R.E., et al. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 2009, 457(January (7228)):480-484. PubMed PMID: 19043404. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2677729. Epub 2008/12/02.eng.
100. Turnbaugh P.J., Gordon J.I. The core gut microbiome, energy balance and obesity. J Physiol 2009, 587(September (Pt 17)):4153-4158. PubMed PMID: 19491241. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2754355. Epub 2009/06/06.eng.
101. Ley R.E., Turnbaugh P.J., Klein S., Gordon J.I. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 2006, 444(December (7122)):1022-1023. PubMed PMID: 17183309. Epub 2006/12/22.eng.
102. Conterno L., Fava F., Viola R., Tuohy K.M. Obesity and the gut microbiota: does up-regulating colonic fermentation protect against obesity and metabolic disease?. Genes Nutr 2011, 6(August (3)):241-260. PubMed PMID: 21559992. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3145060. Epub 2011/05/12.eng.
103. Backhed F., Ding H., Wang T., Hooper L.V., Koh G.Y., Nagy A., et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004, 101(November (44)):15718-15723. PubMed PMID: 15505215. Pubmed Central PMCID: 524219. Epub 2004/10/27.eng.
104. Turnbaugh P.J., Backhed F., Fulton L., Gordon J.I. Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome. Cell Host Microbe 2008, 3(April (4)):213-223. PubMed PMID: 18407065. Epub 2008/04/15.eng.
105. Greiner T., Backhed F. Effects of the gut microbiota on obesity and glucose homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011, 22(April (4)):117-123. PubMed PMID: 21353592. Epub 2011/03/01.eng.
106. Petnicki-Ocwieja T., Hrncir T., Liu Y.J., Biswas A., Hudcovic T., Tlaskalova-Hogenova H., et al. Nod2 is required for the regulation of commensal microbiota in the intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106(September (37)):15813-15818. PubMed PMID: 19805227. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2747201. Epub 2009/10/07.eng.
107. Wen L., Ley R.E., Volchkov P.Y., Stranges P.B., Avanesyan L., Stonebraker A.C., et al. Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetes. Nature 2008, 455(October (7216)):1109-1113. PubMed PMID: 18806780. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2574766. Epub 2008/09/23.eng.
108. Vijay-Kumar M., Aitken J.D., Carvalho F.A., Cullender T.C., Mwangi S., Srinivasan S., et al. Metabolic syndrome and altered gut microbiota in mice lacking Toll-like receptor 5. Science 2010, 328(April (5975)):228-231. PubMed PMID: 20203013. Epub 2010/03/06.eng.
109. Terra J.K., Cote C.K., France B., Jenkins A.L., Bozue J.A., Welkos S.L., et al. Cutting edge: resistance to Bacillus anthracis infection mediated by a lethal toxin sensitive allele of Nalp1b/Nlrp1b. Journal of Immunology 2010, 184(Jan (1)):17-20. PubMed PMID: 19949100. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2811128.