Tissue-specific implications of mitochondrial alterations in aging

Frontiers in Bioscience - Elite

Volumn 5 E, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 734-747

  Liu, Danhui ^a   Li, Hongzhi ^a   Lu, Jianxin ^a   Bai, Yidong ^a,b  

^a WENZHOU MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b University of Texas Health Science Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Agingassociated diseases; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial regulation; MtDNA mutation; Review; Tissue specific

Indexed keywords

CALCINEURIN; CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE; CYTOSKELETON PROTEIN; GA BINDING PROTEIN; LIPOFUSCIN; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN; NUCLEAR RESPIRATORY FACTOR 1; RNA POLYMERASE; ROSIGLITAZONE; TAU PROTEIN;

AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD CELL; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN SIZE; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DETOXIFICATION; DISORDERS OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS; DNA REPLICATION; DRUG METABOLISM; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; ENERGY METABOLISM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ERYTHROCYTE; FIBROBLAST; FRONTAL CORTEX; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LIVER FUNCTION; LIVER WEIGHT; MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; MIDDLE TEMPORAL GYRUS; MITOCHONDRIAL VOLUME; MUSCLE MASS; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; ONCOGENE C MYC; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARKINSON DISEASE; PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY; POINT MUTATION; POSTERIOR CINGULATE; RESPIRATORY CHAIN; RISK FACTOR; SARCOPENIA; SENILE PLAQUE; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; THERMOGENESIS; WEIGHT REDUCTION; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BRAIN; CELL CYCLE; LIVER; METABOLISM; MITOCHONDRION; MUSCLE; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

AGING; BLOOD CELLS; BRAIN; CELL CYCLE; ENERGY METABOLISM; FIBROBLASTS; LIVER; METABOLIC NETWORKS AND PATHWAYS; MITOCHONDRIA; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MUSCLES;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84878476048     PISSN: 19450494     EISSN: 19450508     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/e654     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. G. R. Boss and J. E. Seegmiller: Age-related physiological changes and their clinical significance. West J Med, 135(6), 434-40 (1981)
2. B. H. Anderton: Ageing of the brain. Mech Ageing Dev, 123(7), 811-7 (2002)
3. B. H. Anderton: Changes in the ageing brain in health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 352(1363), 1781-92 (1997)
4. V. A. Hughes, W. R. Frontera, R. Roubenoff, W. J. Evans and M. A. Singh: Longitudinal changes in body composition in older men and women: role of body weight change and physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr, 76(2), 473-81 (2002)
5. K. S. Nair: Aging muscle. Am J Clin Nutr, 81(5), 953-63 (2005)
6. P. Rossi, B. Marzani, S. Giardina, M. Negro and F. Marzatico: Human skeletal muscle aging and the oxidative system: cellular events. Curr Aging Sci, 1(3), 182-91 (2008)
7. A. Macieira-Coelho, C. Diatloff and E. Malaise: Concept of fibroblast aging in vitro: implications for cell biology. Gerontology, 23(4), 290-305 (1977)
8. G. M. Martin, C. A. Sprague and C. J. Epstein: Replicative life-span of cultivated human cells. Effects of donor's age, tissue, and genotype. Lab Invest, 23(1), 86-92 (1970)
9. E. Makrantonaki and C. C. Zouboulis: Molecular mechanisms of skin aging: state of the art. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1119, 40-50 (2007)
10. N. A. Timchenko: Aging and liver regeneration. Trends Endocrinol Metab, 20(4), 171-6 (2009)
11. A. Anantharaju, A. Feller and A. Chedid: Aging Liver. A review. Gerontology, 48(6), 343-53 (2002)
12. L. C. Costantini, L. J. Barr, J. L. Vogel and S. T. Henderson: Hypometabolism as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurosci, 9 Suppl 2, S16 (2008)
13. L. M. Dillon, A. P. Rebelo and C. T. Moraes: The role of PGC-1 coactivators in aging skeletal muscle and heart. IUBMB Life, 64(3), 231-41 (2012)
14. E. Hultman, D. Chasiotis and H. Sjoholm: Energy metabolism in muscle. Prog Clin Biol Res, 136, 257-72 (1983)
15. S. Soboll: Regulation of energy metabolism in liver. J Bioenerg Biomembr, 27(6), 571-82 (1995)
16. D. C. Wallace: Mitochondrial DNA mutations in diseases of energy metabolism. J Bioenerg Biomembr, 26(3), 241-50 (1994)
17. G. Paradies, G. Petrosillo, V. Paradies and F. M. Ruggiero: Oxidative stress, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and cardiolipin in aging. Free Radic Biol Med, 48(10), 1286-95 (2010)
18. C. B. Park and N. G. Larsson: Mitochondrial DNA mutations in disease and aging. J Cell Biol, 193(5), 809-18 (2011)
19. A. P. Rebelo, L. M. Dillon and C. T. Moraes: Mitochondrial DNA transcription regulation and nucleoid organization. J Inherit Metab Dis, 34(4), 941-51 (2011)
20. M. B. Hock and A. Kralli: Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Annu Rev Physiol, 71, 177-203 (2009)
21. V. K. Mootha, J. Bunkenborg, J. V. Olsen, M. Hjerrild, J. R. Wisniewski, E. Stahl, M. S. Bolouri, H. N. Ray, S. Sihag, M. Kamal, N. Patterson, E. S. Lander and M. Mann: Integrated analysis of protein composition, tissue diversity, and gene regulation in mouse mitochondria. Cell, 115(5), 629-40 (2003)
22. R. C. Scarpulla: Transcriptional paradigms in mammalian mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Physiol Rev, 88(2), 611-38 (2008)
23. R. C. Scarpulla: Metabolic control of mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC-1 family regulatory network. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1813(7), 1269-78 (2011)
24. J. S. Chen, P. H. Huang, C. H. Wang, F. Y. Lin, H. Y. Tsai, T. C. Wu, S. J. Lin and J. W. Chen: Nrf-2 mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression, an antioxidantindependent mechanism, contributes to antiatherogenesis and vascular protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract. Atherosclerosis, 214(2), 301-9 (2011)
25. J. Kwon, E. Han, C. B. Bui, W. Shin, J. Lee, S. Lee, Y. B. Choi, A. H. Lee, K. H. Lee, C. Park, M. S. Obin, S. K. Park, Y. J. Seo, G. T. Oh, H. W. Lee and J. Shin: Assurance of mitochondrial integrity and mammalian longevity by the p62-Keap1-Nrf2-Nqo1 cascade. EMBO Rep, 13(2), 150-6 (2012)
26. M. Biswas and J. Y. Chan: Role of Nrf1 in antioxidant response element-mediated gene expression and beyond. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 244(1), 16-20 (2010)
27. P. Puigserver, Z. Wu, C. W. Park, R. Graves, M. Wright and B. M. Spiegelman: A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis. Cell, 92(6), 829-39 (1998)
28. D. P. Kelly and R. C. Scarpulla: Transcriptional regulatory circuits controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Genes Dev, 18(4), 357-68 (2004)
29. J. Lin, P. Puigserver, J. Donovan, P. Tarr and B. M. Spiegelman: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1beta (PGC-1beta ), a novel PGC-1-related transcription coactivator associated with host cell factor. J Biol Chem, 277(3), 1645-8 (2002)
30. J. Lin, H. Wu, P. T. Tarr, C. Y. Zhang, Z. Wu, O. Boss, L. F. Michael, P. Puigserver, E. Isotani, E. N. Olson, B. B. Lowell, R. Bassel-Duby and B. M. Spiegelman: Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1 alpha drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres. Nature, 418(6899), 797-801 (2002)
31. U. Andersson and R. C. Scarpulla: Pgc-1-related coactivator, a novel, serum-inducible coactivator of nuclear respiratory factor 1-dependent transcription in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol, 21(11), 3738-49 (2001)
32. Z. Arany, M. Novikov, S. Chin, Y. Ma, A. Rosenzweig and B. M. Spiegelman: Transverse aortic constriction leads to accelerated heart failure in mice lacking PPAR-gamma coactivator 1alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103(26), 10086-91 (2006)
33. C. J. Lelliott, G. Medina-Gomez, N. Petrovic, A. Kis, H. M. Feldmann, M. Bjursell, N. Parker, K. Curtis, M. Campbell, P. Hu, D. Zhang, S. E. Litwin, V. G. Zaha, K. T. Fountain, S. Boudina, M. Jimenez-Linan, M. Blount, M. Lopez, A. Meirhaeghe, Y. M. Bohlooly, L. Storlien, M. Stromstedt, M. Snaith, M. Oresic, E. D. Abel, B. Cannon and A. Vidal-Puig: Ablation of PGC-1beta results in defective mitochondrial activity, thermogenesis, hepatic function, and cardiac performance. PLoS Biol, 4(11), e369 (2006)
34. L. Lai, T. C. Leone, C. Zechner, P. J. Schaeffer, S. M. Kelly, D. P. Flanagan, D. M. Medeiros, A. Kovacs and D. P. Kelly: Transcriptional coactivators PGC-1alpha and PGC-lbeta control overlapping programs required for perinatal maturation of the heart. Genes Dev, 22(14), 1948-61 (2008)
35. R. Anderson and T. Prolla: PGC-1alpha in aging and anti-aging interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1790(10), 1059-66 (2009)
36. A. Kanazawa, Y. Nishio, A. Kashiwagi, H. Inagaki, R. Kikkawa and K. Horiike: Reduced activity of mtTFA decreases the transcription in mitochondria isolated from diabetic rat heart. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 282(4), E778-85 (2002)
37. Y. Nishio, A. Kanazawa, Y. Nagai, H. Inagaki and A. Kashiwagi: Regulation and role of the mitochondrial transcription factor in the diabetic rat heart. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1011, 78-85 (2004)
38. J. C. Yoon, G. Xu, J. T. Deeney, S. N. Yang, J. Rhee, P. Puigserver, A. R. Levens, R. Yang, C. Y. Zhang, B. B. Lowell, P. O. Berggren, C. B. Newgard, S. Bonner-Weir, G. Weir and B. M. Spiegelman: Suppression of beta cell energy metabolism and insulin release by PGC-1alpha. Dev Cell, 5(1), 73-83 (2003)
39. C. Handschin, C. S. Choi, S. Chin, S. Kim, D. Kawamori, A. J. Kurpad, N. Neubauer, J. Hu, V. K. Mootha, Y. B. Kim, R. N. Kulkarni, G. I. Shulman and B. M. Spiegelman: Abnormal glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1alpha knockout mice reveals skeletal muscle-pancreatic beta cell crosstalk. J Clin Invest, 117(11), 3463-74 (2007)
40. S. H. Koo, H. Satoh, S. Herzig, C. H. Lee, S. Hedrick, R. Kulkarni, R. M. Evans, J. Olefsky and M. Montminy: PGC-1 promotes insulin resistance in liver through PPARalpha-dependent induction of TRB-3. Nat Med, 10(5), 530-4 (2004)
41. H. K. Lee, Y. M. Cho, S. H. Kwak, S. Lim, K. S. Park and E. B. Shim: Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome-looking for environmental factors. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1800(3), 282-9 (2010)
42. M. H. Ha, D. H. Lee, H. K. Son, S. K. Park and D. R. Jacobs, Jr.: Association between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and prevalence of newly diagnosed hypertension: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. J Hum Hypertens, 23(4), 274-86 (2009)
43. D. H. Lee, I. K. Lee, M. Porta, M. Steffes and D. R. Jacobs, Jr.: Relationship between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among non-diabetic adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diabetologia, 50(9), 1841-51 (2007)
44. A. H. Mokdad, B. A. Bowman, E. S. Ford, F. Vinicor, J. S. Marks and J. P. Koplan: The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. JAMA, 286(10), 1195-200 (2001)
45. S. Lim, S. Y. Ahn, I. C. Song, M. H. Chung, H. C. Jang, K. S. Park, K. U. Lee, Y. K. Pak and H. K. Lee: Chronic exposure to the herbicide, atrazine, causes mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. PLoS One, 4(4), e5186 (2009)
46. H. G. Shertzer, M. B. Genter, D. Shen, D. W. Nebert, Y. Chen and T. P. Dalton: TCDD decreases ATP levels and increases reactive oxygen production through changes in mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATP synthase and ubiquinone. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 217(3), 363-74 (2006)
47. N. G. Larsson: Somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in mammalian aging. Annu Rev Biochem, 79, 683-706 (2010)
48. N. G. Larsson and D. A. Clayton: Molecular genetic aspects of human mitochondrial disorders. Annu Rev Genet, 29, 151-78 (1995)
49. E. Nekhaeva, N. D. Bodyak, Y. Kraytsberg, S. B. McGrath, N. J. Van Orsouw, A. Pluzhnikov, J. Y. Wei, J. Vijg and K. Khrapko: Clonally expanded mtDNA point mutations are abundant in individual cells of human tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(8), 5521-6 (2002)
50. W. D. Parker, Jr. and J. K. Parks: Mitochondrial ND5 mutations in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 326(3), 667-9 (2005)
51. A. Trifunovic, A. Wredenberg, M. Falkenberg, J. N. Spelbrink, A. T. Rovio, C. E. Bruder, Y. M. Bohlooly, S. Gidlof, A. Oldfors, R. Wibom, J. Tornell, H. T. Jacobs and N. G. Larsson: Premature ageing in mice expressing defective mitochondrial DNA polymerase. Nature, 429(6990), 417-23 (2004)
52. J. Lu, L. K. Sharma and Y. Bai: Implications of mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction in tumorigenesis. Cell Res, 19(7), 802-15 (2009)
53. A. Kukat, D. Edgar, I. Bratic, P. Maiti and A. Trifunovic: Random mtDNA mutations modulate proliferation capacity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 409(3), 394-9 (2011)
54. L. K. Sharma, H. Fang, J. Liu, R. Vartak, J. Deng and Y. Bai: Mitochondrial respiratory complex I dysfunction promotes tumorigenesis through ROS alteration and AKT activation. Hum Mol Genet, 20(23), 4605-16 (2011)
55. J. A. Butler, N. Ventura, T. E. Johnson and S. L. Rea: Long-lived mitochondrial (Mit) mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans utilize a novel metabolism. FASEB J, 24(12), 4977-88 (2010)
56. D. Harman: The biologic clock: the mitochondria? J Am Geriatr Soc, 20(4), 145-7 (1972)
57. J. Lapointe and S. Hekimi: When a theory of aging ages badly. Cell Mol Life Sci, 67(1), 1-8 (2010)
58. D. C. Wallace and W. Fan: The pathophysiology of mitochondrial disease as modeled in the mouse. Genes Dev, 23(15), 1714-36 (2009)
59. G. C. Kujoth, A. Hiona, T. D. Pugh, S. Someya, K. Panzer, S. E. Wohlgemuth, T. Hofer, A. Y. Seo, R. Sullivan, W. A. Jobling, J. D. Morrow, H. Van Remmen, J. M. Sedivy, T. Yamasoba, M. Tanokura, R. Weindruch, C. Leeuwenburgh and T. A. Prolla: Mitochondrial DNA mutations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mammalian aging. Science, 309(5733), 481-4 (2005)
60. E. Hutter, M. Skovbro, B. Lener, C. Prats, R. Rabol, F. Dela and P. Jansen-Durr: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment can be separated from lipofuscin accumulation in aged human skeletal muscle. Aging Cell, 6(2), 245-56 (2007)
61. S. L. Hebert, I. R. Lanza and K. S. Nair: Mitochondrial DNA alterations and reduced mitochondrial function in aging. Mech Ageing Dev, 131(7-8), 451-62 (2010)
62. V. W. Liu, C. Zhang and P. Nagley: Mutations in mitochondrial DNA accumulate differentially in three different human tissues during ageing. Nucleic Acids Res, 26(5), 1268-75 (1998)
63. S. C. McInerny, A. L. Brown and D. W. Smith: Regionspecific changes in mitochondrial D-loop in aged rat CNS. Mech Ageing Dev, 130(5), 343-9 (2009)
64. A. Navarro and A. Boveris: Brain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging: conditions that improve survival, neurological performance and mitochondrial function. Front Biosci, 12, 1154-63 (2007)
65. A. Navarro and A. Boveris: Brain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, neurodegeneration, and Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci, 2 (2010)
66. A. Navarro and A. Boveris: Brain mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in Parkinson's disease. J Bioenerg Biomembr, 41(6), 517-21 (2009)
67. C. Gomez, M. J. Bandez and A. Navarro: Pesticides and impairment of mitochondrial function in relation with the parkinsonian syndrome. Front Biosci, 12, 1079-93 (2007)
68. S. M. Cardoso, M. T. Proenca, S. Santos, I. Santana and C. R. Oliveira: Cytochrome c oxidase is decreased in Alzheimer's disease platelets. Neurobiol Aging, 25(1), 105-10 (2004)
69. S. J. Kish, C. Bergeron, A. Rajput, S. Dozic, F. Mastrogiacomo, L. J. Chang, J. M. Wilson, L. M. DiStefano and J. N. Nobrega: Brain cytochrome oxidase in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem, 59(2), 776-9 (1992)
70. T. Lu, Y. Pan, S. Y. Kao, C. Li, I. Kohane, J. Chan and B. A. Yankner: Gene regulation and DNA damage in the ageing human brain. Nature, 429(6994), 883-91 (2004)
71. L. W. Finley and M. C. Haigis: The coordination of nuclear and mitochondrial communication during aging and calorie restriction. Ageing Res Rev, 8(3), 173-88 (2009)
72. Z. Z. Chong, Y. C. Shang, S. Wang and K. Maiese: SIRT1: new avenues of discovery for disorders of oxidative stress. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 16(2), 167-78 (2012)
73. P. Oberdoerffer, S. Michan, M. McVay, R. Mostoslavsky, J. Vann, S. K. Park, A. Hartlerode, J. Stegmuller, A. Hafner, P. Loerch, S. M. Wright, K. D. Mills, A. Bonni, B. A. Yankner, R. Scully, T. A. Prolla, F. W. Alt and D. A. Sinclair: SIRT1 redistribution on chromatin promotes genomic stability but alters gene expression during aging. Cell, 135(5), 907-18 (2008)
74. F. Liu, S. E. Benashski, R. Persky, Y. Xu, J. Li and L. D. McCullough: Age-related changes in AMP-activated protein kinase after stroke. Age (Dordr), 34(1), 157-68 (2012)
75. L. Cui, H. Jeong, F. Borovecki, C. N. Parkhurst, N. Tanese and D. Krainc: Transcriptional repression of PGC-1alpha by mutant huntingtin leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Cell, 127(1), 59-69 (2006)
76. J. St-Pierre, S. Drori, M. Uldry, J. M. Silvaggi, J. Rhee, S. Jager, C. Handschin, K. Zheng, J. Lin, W. Yang, D. K. Simon, R. Bachoo and B. M. Spiegelman: Suppression of reactive oxygen species and neurodegeneration by the PGC-1 transcriptional coactivators. Cell, 127(2), 397-408 (2006)
77. I. J. Holt, A. E. Harding and J. A. Morgan-Hughes: Deletions of muscle mitochondrial DNA in patients with mitochondrial myopathies. Nature, 331(6158), 717-9 (1988)
78. N. W. Soong, D. R. Hinton, G. Cortopassi and N. Arnheim: Mosaicism for a specific somatic mitochondrial DNA mutation in adult human brain. Nat Genet, 2(4), 318-23 (1992)
79. Y. Kraytsberg, E. Kudryavtseva, A. C. McKee, C. Geula, N. W. Kowall and K. Khrapko: Mitochondrial DNA deletions are abundant and cause functional impairment in aged human substantia nigra neurons. Nat Genet, 38(5), 518-20 (2006)
80. J. J. Ochoa, R. Pamplona, M. C. Ramirez-Tortosa, S. Granados-Principal, P. Perez-Lopez, A. Naudi, M. Portero-Otin, M. Lopez-Frias, M. Battino and J. L. Quiles: Agerelated changes in brain mitochondrial DNA deletion and oxidative stress are differentially modulated by dietary fat type and coenzyme Q. Free Radic Biol Med, 50(9), 1053-64 (2011)
81. D. K. Simon, M. T. Lin, L. Zheng, G. J. Liu, C. H. Ahn, L. M. Kim, W. M. Mauck, F. Twu, M. F. Beal and D. R. Johns: Somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in cortex and substantia nigra in aging and Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging, 25(1), 71-81 (2004)
82. R. Horvath, R. A. Kley, H. Lochmuller and M. Vorgerd: Parkinson syndrome, neuropathy, and myopathy caused by the mutation A8344G (MERRF) in tRNALys. Neurology, 68(1), 56-8 (2007)
83. M. Mancuso, C. Nesti, L. Petrozzi, D. Orsucci, D. Frosini, L. Kiferle, U. Bonuccelli, R. Ceravolo, L. Murri and G. Siciliano: The mtDNA A8344G "MERRF" mutation is not a common cause of sporadic Parkinson disease in Italian population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 14(4), 381-2 (2008)
84. G. Richter, A. Sonnenschein, T. Grunewald, H. Reichmann and B. Janetzky: Novel mitochondrial DNA mutations in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm, 109(5-6), 721-9 (2002)
85. M. Mancuso, F. Coppede, L. Migliore, G. Siciliano and L. Murri: Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis, 10(1), 59-73 (2006)
86. N. P. Azari, K. D. Pettigrew, M. B. Schapiro, J. V. Haxby, C. L. Grady, P. Pietrini, J. A. Salerno, L. L. Heston, S. I. Rapoport and B. Horwitz: Early detection of Alzheimer's disease: a statistical approach using positron emission tomographic data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 13(3), 438-47 (1993)
87. W. S. Liang, E. M. Reiman, J. Valla, T. Dunckley, T. G. Beach, A. Grover, T. L. Niedzielko, L. E. Schneider, D. Mastroeni, R. Caselli, W. Kukull, J. C. Morris, C. M. Hulette, D. Schmechel, J. Rogers and D. A. Stephan: Alzheimer's disease is associated with reduced expression of energy metabolism genes in posterior cingulate neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105(11), 4441-6 (2008)
88. P. A. Trimmer and M. K. Borland: Differentiated Alzheimer's disease transmitochondrial cybrid cell lines exhibit reduced organelle movement. Antioxid Redox Signal, 7(9-10), 1101-9 (2005)
89. P. E. Coskun, J. Wyrembak, O. Derbereva, G. Melkonian, E. Doran, I. T. Lott, E. Head, C. W. Cotman and D. C. Wallace: Systemic mitochondrial dysfunction and the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and down syndrome dementia. J Alzheimers Dis, 20 Suppl 2, S293-310 (2010)
90. P. E. Coskun, M. F. Beal and D. C. Wallace: Alzheimer's brains harbor somatic mtDNA control-region mutations that suppress mitochondrial transcription and replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101(29), 10726-31 (2004)
91. J. L. Elson, C. Herrnstadt, G. Preston, L. Thal, C. M. Morris, J. A. Edwardson, M. F. Beal, D. M. Turnbull and N. Howell: Does the mitochondrial genome play a role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease? Hum Genet, 119(3), 241-54 (2006)
92. K. E. Conley, S. A. Jubrias and P. C. Esselman: Oxidative capacity and ageing in human muscle. J Physiol, 526 Pt 1, 203-10 (2000)
93. K. R. Short, M. L. Bigelow, J. Kahl, R. Singh, J. Coenen-Schimke, S. Raghavakaimal and K. S. Nair: Decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function with aging in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102(15), 5618-23 (2005)
94. C. Handschin, S. Chin, P. Li, F. Liu, E. Maratos-Flier, N. K. Lebrasseur, Z. Yan and B. M. Spiegelman: Skeletal muscle fiber-type switching, exercise intolerance, and myopathy in PGC-1alpha muscle-specific knock-out animals. J Biol Chem, 282(41), 30014-21 (2007)
95. T. Wenz, S. G. Rossi, R. L. Rotundo, B. M. Spiegelman and C. T. Moraes: Increased muscle PGC-1alpha expression protects from sarcopenia and metabolic disease during aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106(48), 20405-10 (2009)
96. T. Wenz, F. Diaz, B. M. Spiegelman and C. T. Moraes: Activation of the PPAR/PGC-1alpha pathway prevents a bioenergetic deficit and effectively improves a mitochondrial myopathy phenotype. Cell Metab, 8(3), 249-56 (2008)
97. C. Viscomi, E. Bottani, G. Civiletto, R. Cerutti, M. Moggio, G. Fagiolari, E. A. Schon, C. Lamperti and M. Zeviani: In vivo correction of COX deficiency by activation of the AMPK/PGC-1alpha axis. Cell Metab, 14(1), 80-90 (2011)
98. C. M. Lee, S. S. Chung, J. M. Kaczkowski, R. Weindruch and J. M. Aiken: Multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions associated with age in skeletal muscle of rhesus monkeys. J Gerontol, 48(6), B201-5 (1993)
99. S. S. Chung, R. Weindruch, S. R. Schwarze, D. I. McKenzie and J. M. Aiken: Multiple age-associated mitochondrial DNA deletions in skeletal muscle of mice. Aging (Milano), 6(3), 193-200 (1994)
100. C. Meissner, P. Bruse, S. A. Mohamed, A. Schulz, H. Warnk, T. Storm and M. Oehmichen: The 4977 bp deletion of mitochondrial DNA in human skeletal muscle, heart and different areas of the brain: a useful biomarker or more? Exp Gerontol, 43(7), 645-52 (2008)
101. P. Yu-Wai-Man, J. Lai-Cheong, G. M. Borthwick, L. He, G. A. Taylor, L. C. Greaves, R. W. Taylor, P. G. Griffiths and D. M. Turnbull: Somatic mitochondrial DNA deletions accumulate to high levels in aging human extraocular muscles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 51(7), 3347-53 (2010)
102. B. Kadenbach, C. Munscher, V. Frank, J. Muller-Hocker and J. Napiwotzki: Human aging is associated with stochastic somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA. Mutat Res, 338(1-6), 161-72 (1995)
103. G. Fayet, M. Jansson, D. Sternberg, A. R. Moslemi, P. Blondy, A. Lombes, M. Fardeau and A. Oldfors: Ageing muscle: clonal expansions of mitochondrial DNA point mutations and deletions cause focal impairment of mitochondrial function. Neuromuscul Disord, 12(5), 484-93 (2002)
104. G. Rommelaere, S. Michel, J. Malaisse, S. Charlier, T. Arnould and P. Renard: Hypersensitivity of A8344G MERRF mutated cybrid cells to staurosporine-induced cell death is mediated by calcium-dependent activation of calpains. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 44(1), 139-49 (2012)
105. Y. Li, H. Z. Li, P. Hu, J. Deng, M. M. Banoei, L. K. Sharma and Y. Bai: Generation and bioenergetic analysis of cybrids containing mitochondrial DNA from mouse skeletal muscle during aging. Nucleic Acids Res, 38(6), 1913-21 (2010)
106. M. Greco, G. Villani, F. Mazzucchelli, N. Bresolin, S. Papa and G. Attardi: Marked aging-related decline in efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in human skin fibroblasts. FASEB J, 17(12), 1706-8 (2003)
107. H. Liang, Y. Bai, Y. Li, A. Richardson and W. F. Ward: PGC-1alpha-induced mitochondrial alterations in 3T3 fibroblast cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1100, 264-79 (2007)
108. G. S. Gerhard, F. A. Benko, R. G. Allen, M. Tresini, A. Kalbach, V. J. Cristofalo and C. D. Gocke: Mitochondrial DNA mutation analysis in human skin fibroblasts from fetal, young, and old donors. Mech Ageing Dev, 123(2-3), 155-66 (2002)
109. P. Schroeder, T. Gremmel, M. Berneburg and J. Krutmann: Partial depletion of mitochondrial DNA from human skin fibroblasts induces a gene expression profile reminiscent of photoaged skin. J Invest Dermatol, 128(9), 2297-303 (2008)
110. Y. Michikawa, F. Mazzucchelli, N. Bresolin, G. Scarlato and G. Attardi: Aging-dependent large accumulation of point mutations in the human mtDNA control region for replication. Science, 286(5440), 774-9 (1999)
111. M. J. Birket and M. A. Birch-Machin: Ultraviolet radiation exposure accelerates the accumulation of the aging-dependent T414G mitochondrial DNA mutation in human skin. Aging Cell, 6(4), 557-64 (2007)
112. M. J. Birket, J. F. Passos, T. von Zglinicki and M. A. Birch-Machin: The relationship between the aging-and photo-dependent T414G mitochondrial DNA mutation with cellular senescence and reactive oxygen species production in cultured skin fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol, 129(6), 1361-6 (2009)
113. J. Muller-Hocker, D. Aust, H. Rohrbach, J. Napiwotzky, A. Reith, T. A. Link, P. Seibel, D. Holzel and B. Kadenbach: Defects of the respiratory chain in the normal human liver and in cirrhosis during aging. Hepatology, 26(3), 709-19 (1997)
114. J. C. Yoon, P. Puigserver, G. Chen, J. Donovan, Z. Wu, J. Rhee, G. Adelmant, J. Stafford, C. R. Kahn, D. K. Granner, C. B. Newgard and B. M. Spiegelman: Control of hepatic gluconeogenesis through the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1. Nature, 413(6852), 131-8 (2001)
115. A. A. Gupte, J. Z. Liu, Y. Ren, L. J. Minze, J. R. Wiles, A. R. Collins, C. J. Lyon, D. Pratico, M. J. Finegold, S. T. Wong, P. Webb, J. D. Baxter, D. D. Moore and W. A. Hsueh: Rosiglitazone attenuates age-and diet-associated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in male low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. Hepatology, 52(6), 2001-11 (2010)
116. C. Richter, J. W. Park and B. N. Ames: Normal oxidative damage to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is extensive. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 85(17), 6465-7 (1988)
117. T. C. Yen, J. H. Su, K. L. King and Y. H. Wei: Ageing-associated 5 kb deletion in human liver mitochondrial DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 178(1), 124-31 (1991)
118. J. L. Quiles, J. J. Ochoa, M. C. Ramirez-Tortosa, J. R. Huertas and J. Mataix: Age-related mitochondrial DNA deletion in rat liver depends on dietary fat unsaturation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 61(2), 107-14 (2006)
119. U. N. Rotskaya, I. B. Rogozin, E. A. Vasyunina, B. A. Malyarchuk, G. A. Nevinsky and O. I. Sinitsyna: High frequency of somatic mutations in rat liver mitochondrial DNA. Mutat Res, 685(1-2), 97-102 (2010)
120. V. W. Liu, C. Zhang, A. W. Linnane and P. Nagley: Quantitative allele-specific PCR: demonstration of ageassociated accumulation in human tissues of the A->G mutation at nucleotide 3243 in mitochondrial DNA. Hum Mutat, 9(3), 265-71 (1997)
121. E. Beregi and O. Regius: Relationship of mitochondrial damage in human lymphocytes and age. Aktuelle Gerontol, 13(6), 226-8 (1983)
122. M. Drouet, F. Lauthier, J. P. Charmes, P. Sauvage and M. H. Ratinaud: Age-associated changes in mitochondrial parameters on peripheral human lymphocytes. Exp Gerontol, 34(7), 843-52 (1999)
123. C. T. Li, L. Li and Y. Liu: Relationship between human age and mtDNA 4977 deletions in human blood cells. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi, 22(5), 346-8 (2006)
124. C. Meissner, S. A. Mohamed, H. Klueter, K. Hamann, N. von Wurmb and M. Oehmichen: Quantification of mitochondrial DNA in human blood cells using an automated detection system. Forensic Sci Int, 113(1-3), 109-12 (2000)
125. O. A. Ross, P. Hyland, M. D. Curran, B. P. McIlhatton, A. Wikby, B. Johansson, A. Tompa, G. Pawelec, C. R. Barnett, D. Middleton and Y. A. Barnett: Mitochondrial DNA damage in lymphocytes: a role in immunosenescence? Exp Gerontol, 37(2-3), 329-40 (2002)
126. N. von Wurmb-Schwark, T. Schwark, A. Caliebe, C. Drenske, S. Nikolaus, S. Schreiber and A. Nebel: Low level of the mtDNA(4977) deletion in blood of exceptionally old individuals. Mech Ageing Dev, 131(3), 179-84 (2010)