메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 270-281

Antimalarial drug resistance and early drug discovery

Author keywords

Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Chloroquine; Drug discovery; Markers; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Resistance

Indexed keywords

ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ATOVAQUONE; ATOVAQUONE PLUS PROGUANIL; BENFLUMETOL; CHLOROQUINE; CYTOCHROME B; DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; ENDOPEROXIDE; FOLIC ACID ANTAGONIST; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; MEFLOQUINE; MOLECULAR MARKER; NAPHTHOQUINONE; PYRIMETHAMINE; QUININE; QUINOLINE; VERAPAMIL;

EID: 84877931241     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: 18734286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138161213804070357     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (190)
  • 2
    • 0037031081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquineresistant Plasmodium malariae in south Sumatra, Indonesia
    • Maguire JD, Sumawinata IW, Masbar S, et al. Chloroquineresistant Plasmodium malariae in south Sumatra, Indonesia. Lancet 2002; 360: 58-60.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 58-60
    • Maguire, J.D.1    Sumawinata, I.W.2    Masbar, S.3
  • 3
    • 34548409606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-resistant malaria-an insight
    • Hyde JE. Drug-resistant malaria-an insight. FEBS J 2007; 274: 4688-98.
    • (2007) FEBS J , vol.274 , pp. 4688-4698
    • Hyde, J.E.1
  • 4
    • 78650486233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimalarial drugs: Modes of action and mechanisms of parasite resistance
    • Muller IB, Hyde JE. Antimalarial drugs: modes of action and mechanisms of parasite resistance. Future Microbiol 2010; 5: 1857-73.
    • (2010) Future Microbiol , vol.5 , pp. 1857-1873
    • Muller, I.B.1    Hyde, J.E.2
  • 5
    • 79957580467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-resistant malaria: Molecular mechanisms and implications for public health
    • Petersen I, Eastman R, Lanzer M. Drug-resistant malaria: molecular mechanisms and implications for public health. FEBS Lett 2011; 585: 1551-62.
    • (2011) FEBS Lett , vol.585 , pp. 1551-1562
    • Petersen, I.1    Eastman, R.2    Lanzer, M.3
  • 6
    • 84877931156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for new antimalarial drugs less prone to resistance
    • In press
    • Noedl H. The need for new antimalarial drugs less prone to resistance. Curr Pharm Des 2012; In press.
    • (2012) Curr Pharm Des
    • Noedl, H.1
  • 7
    • 84877931107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium drug targets outside the genetic control of the parasite
    • In press
    • Sullivan DJ. Plasmodium drug targets outside the genetic control of the parasite. Curr Pharm Des 2012; In press.
    • (2012) Curr Pharm Des
    • Sullivan, D.J.1
  • 8
    • 69849100056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of point mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropterate synthase genes on clinical outcomes and in vitro susceptibility to sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine
    • Bacon DJ, Tang D, Salas C, et al. Effects of point mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropterate synthase genes on clinical outcomes and in vitro susceptibility to sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine. PLoS One 2009; 4: e6762.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Bacon, D.J.1    Tang, D.2    Salas, C.3
  • 9
    • 33750577489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhfr genes and in vitro responses to antimalarials in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Bangui, Central African Republic
    • Menard D, Yapou F, Manirakiza A, Djalle D, Matsika-Claquin MD, Talarmin A. Polymorphisms in pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhfr genes and in vitro responses to antimalarials in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Bangui, Central African Republic. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 75: 381-7.
    • (2006) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.75 , pp. 381-387
    • Menard, D.1    Yapou, F.2    Manirakiza, A.3    Djalle, D.4    Matsika-Claquin, M.D.5    Talarmin, A.6
  • 10
    • 34547757436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel evolution of adaptive mutations in Plasmodium falciparum mitochondrial DNA during atovaquoneproguanil treatment
    • Musset L, Le BJ, Clain J. Parallel evolution of adaptive mutations in Plasmodium falciparum mitochondrial DNA during atovaquoneproguanil treatment. Mol Biol Evol 2007; 24: 1582-5.
    • (2007) Mol Biol Evol , vol.24 , pp. 1582-1585
    • Musset, L.1    Le, B.J.2    Clain, J.3
  • 11
    • 65649126746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for correlation between molecular markers of parasite resistance and treatment outcome in falciparum malaria
    • Picot S, Olliaro P, de MF, Bienvenu AL, Price RN, Ringwald P. A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for correlation between molecular markers of parasite resistance and treatment outcome in falciparum malaria. Malar J 2009; 8: 89.
    • (2009) Malar J , vol.8 , pp. 89
    • Picot, S.1    Olliaro, P.2    de, M.F.3    Bienvenu, A.L.4    Price, R.N.5    Ringwald, P.6
  • 12
    • 60349110965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b gene are associated with delayed parasite recrudescence in malaria patients treated with atovaquoneproguanil
    • Sutherland CJ, Laundy M, Price N, et al. Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b gene are associated with delayed parasite recrudescence in malaria patients treated with atovaquoneproguanil. Malar J 2008; 7: 240.
    • (2008) Malar J , vol.7 , pp. 240
    • Sutherland, C.J.1    Laundy, M.2    Price, N.3
  • 13
    • 0033646097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atovaquone resistance in malaria parasites
    • Vaidya AB, Mather MW. Atovaquone resistance in malaria parasites. Drug Resist Updat 2000; 3: 283-7.
    • (2000) Drug Resist Updat , vol.3 , pp. 283-287
    • Vaidya, A.B.1    Mather, M.W.2
  • 14
    • 78149455663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine clinical failures in P. falciparum malaria are associated with mutant Pfmdr-1, not Pfcrt in Madagascar
    • Andriantsoanirina V, Ratsimbasoa A, Bouchier C, et al. Chloroquine clinical failures in P. falciparum malaria are associated with mutant Pfmdr-1, not Pfcrt in Madagascar. PLoS One 2010; 5: e13281.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Andriantsoanirina, V.1    Ratsimbasoa, A.2    Bouchier, C.3
  • 15
    • 78751582076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implication of intracellular glutathione and its related enzymes on resistance of malaria parasites to the antimalarial drug arteether
    • Chandra R, Tripathi LM, Saxena JK, Puri SK. Implication of intracellular glutathione and its related enzymes on resistance of malaria parasites to the antimalarial drug arteether. Parasitol Int 2011; 60: 97-100.
    • (2011) Parasitol Int , vol.60 , pp. 97-100
    • Chandra, R.1    Tripathi, L.M.2    Saxena, J.K.3    Puri, S.K.4
  • 16
    • 79956294275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artesunate tolerance in transgenic Plasmodium falciparum parasites overexpressing a tryptophan-rich protein
    • Deplaine G, Lavazec C, Bischoff E, et al. Artesunate tolerance in transgenic Plasmodium falciparum parasites overexpressing a tryptophan-rich protein. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 2576-84.
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 2576-2584
    • Deplaine, G.1    Lavazec, C.2    Bischoff, E.3
  • 17
    • 34250662528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene encoding a deubiquitinating enzyme is mutated in artesunate-and chloroquine-resistant rodent malaria parasites
    • Hunt P, Afonso A, Creasey A, et al. Gene encoding a deubiquitinating enzyme is mutated in artesunate-and chloroquine-resistant rodent malaria parasites. Mol Microbiol 2007; 65: 27-40.
    • (2007) Mol Microbiol , vol.65 , pp. 27-40
    • Hunt, P.1    Afonso, A.2    Creasey, A.3
  • 18
    • 77956108989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigations into the role of the Plasmodium falciparum SERCA (PfATP6) L263E mutation in artemisinin action and resistance
    • Valderramos SG, Scanfeld D, Uhlemann AC, Fidock DA, Krishna S. Investigations into the role of the Plasmodium falciparum SERCA (PfATP6) L263E mutation in artemisinin action and resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 3842-52.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 3842-3852
    • Valderramos, S.G.1    Scanfeld, D.2    Uhlemann, A.C.3    Fidock, D.A.4    Krishna, S.5
  • 19
    • 77954048493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a mutant PfCRT-mediated chloroquine tolerance phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Valderramos SG, Valderramos JC, Musset L, et al. Identification of a mutant PfCRT-mediated chloroquine tolerance phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6: e1000887.
    • (2010) PLoS Pathog , vol.6
    • Valderramos, S.G.1    Valderramos, J.C.2    Musset, L.3
  • 20
    • 45349099547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of pfcrt but not pfmdr1 alleles with chloroquine resistance in Iranian isolates of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Zakeri S, Afsharpad M, Kazemzadeh T, Mehdizadeh K, Shabani A, Djadid ND. Association of pfcrt but not pfmdr1 alleles with chloroquine resistance in Iranian isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 78: 633-40.
    • (2008) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.78 , pp. 633-640
    • Zakeri, S.1    Afsharpad, M.2    Kazemzadeh, T.3    Mehdizadeh, K.4    Shabani, A.5    Djadid, N.D.6
  • 21
    • 79955432472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental, pharmacological and genetic influences on the spread of drug-resistant malaria
    • Antao T, Hastings IM. Environmental, pharmacological and genetic influences on the spread of drug-resistant malaria. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278: 1705-12.
    • (2011) Proc Biol Sci , vol.278 , pp. 1705-1712
    • Antao, T.1    Hastings, I.M.2
  • 22
    • 0036790841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The assessment of antimalarial drug efficacy
    • White NJ. The assessment of antimalarial drug efficacy. Trends Parasitol 2002; 18: 458-64.
    • (2002) Trends Parasitol , vol.18 , pp. 458-464
    • White, N.J.1
  • 24
    • 31344466681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerance is the key to understanding antimalarial drug resistance
    • Hastings IM, Watkins WM. Tolerance is the key to understanding antimalarial drug resistance. Trends Parasitol 2006; 22: 71-7.
    • (2006) Trends Parasitol , vol.22 , pp. 71-77
    • Hastings, I.M.1    Watkins, W.M.2
  • 25
    • 0035005106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation rates in the dihydrofolate reductase gene of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Paget-McNicol S, Saul A. Mutation rates in the dihydrofolate reductase gene of Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology 2001; 122: 497-505.
    • (2001) Parasitology , vol.122 , pp. 497-505
    • Paget-McNicol, S.1    Saul, A.2
  • 26
    • 0030829371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in frequencies of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Rathod PK, McErlean T, Lee PC. Variations in frequencies of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94: 9389-93.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 9389-9393
    • Rathod, P.K.1    McErlean, T.2    Lee, P.C.3
  • 27
    • 0028014644 scopus 로고
    • Selection for mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is linked to amplification of the pfmdr1 gene and cross-resistance to halofantrine and quinine
    • Cowman AF, Galatis D, Thompson JK. Selection for mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is linked to amplification of the pfmdr1 gene and cross-resistance to halofantrine and quinine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91: 1143-7.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.91 , pp. 1143-1147
    • Cowman, A.F.1    Galatis, D.2    Thompson, J.K.3
  • 28
    • 0028135205 scopus 로고
    • A strong association between mefloquine and halofantrine resistance and amplification, overexpression, and mutation in the P-glycoprotein gene homolog (pfmdr) of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro
    • Peel SA, Bright P, Yount B, Handy J, Baric RS. A strong association between mefloquine and halofantrine resistance and amplification, overexpression, and mutation in the P-glycoprotein gene homolog (pfmdr) of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994; 51: 648-58.
    • (1994) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.51 , pp. 648-658
    • Peel, S.A.1    Bright, P.2    Yount, B.3    Handy, J.4    Baric, R.S.5
  • 29
    • 35348990848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of a malaria disaster: Drug policy choice and mortality in African children
    • Hastings IM, Korenromp EL, Bloland PB. The anatomy of a malaria disaster: drug policy choice and mortality in African children. Lancet Infect Dis 2007; 7: 739-48.
    • (2007) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 739-748
    • Hastings, I.M.1    Korenromp, E.L.2    Bloland, P.B.3
  • 30
    • 27644477020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An immigration-death model to estimate the duration of malaria infection when detectability of the parasite is imperfect
    • Sama W, Owusu-Agyei S, Felger I, Vounatsou P, Smith T. An immigration-death model to estimate the duration of malaria infection when detectability of the parasite is imperfect. Stat Med 2005; 24: 3269-88.
    • (2005) Stat Med , vol.24 , pp. 3269-3288
    • Sama, W.1    Owusu-Agyei, S.2    Felger, I.3    Vounatsou, P.4    Smith, T.5
  • 31
    • 78649239551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy, within-host ecology and the fitness of drugresistant malaria parasites
    • Huijben S, Nelson WA, Wargo AR, Sim DG, Drew DR, Read AF. Chemotherapy, within-host ecology and the fitness of drugresistant malaria parasites. Evolution 2010; 64: 2952-68.
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 2952-2968
    • Huijben, S.1    Nelson, W.A.2    Wargo, A.R.3    Sim, D.G.4    Drew, D.R.5    Read, A.F.6
  • 32
    • 38049160116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive release and facilitation of drug-resistant parasites after therapeutic chemotherapy in a rodent malaria model
    • Wargo AR, Huijben S, de Roode JC, Shepherd J, Read AF. Competitive release and facilitation of drug-resistant parasites after therapeutic chemotherapy in a rodent malaria model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104: 19914-9.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , pp. 19914-19919
    • Wargo, A.R.1    Huijben, S.2    de Roode, J.C.3    Shepherd, J.4    Read, A.F.5
  • 33
    • 80053943136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fitness of drugresistant malaria parasites in a rodent model: Multiplicity of infection
    • Huijben S, Sim DG, Nelson WA, Read AF. The fitness of drugresistant malaria parasites in a rodent model: multiplicity of infection. J Evol Biol 2011; 24: 2410-22.
    • (2011) J Evol Biol , vol.24 , pp. 2410-2422
    • Huijben, S.1    Sim, D.G.2    Nelson, W.A.3    Read, A.F.4
  • 34
    • 68049117184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired fitness of drugresistant malaria parasites: Evidence and implication on drugdeployment policies
    • Babiker HA, Hastings IM, Swedberg G. Impaired fitness of drugresistant malaria parasites: evidence and implication on drugdeployment policies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009; 7: 581-93.
    • (2009) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther , vol.7 , pp. 581-593
    • Babiker, H.A.1    Hastings, I.M.2    Swedberg, G.3
  • 35
    • 0035991833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in cytochrome b resulting in atovaquone resistance are associated with loss of fitness in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Peters JM, Chen N, Gatton M, et al. Mutations in cytochrome b resulting in atovaquone resistance are associated with loss of fitness in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 2435-41.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 2435-2441
    • Peters, J.M.1    Chen, N.2    Gatton, M.3
  • 36
    • 34249933661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrimethamine-resistant dihydrofolate reductase enzymes of Plasmodium falciparum are not enzymatically compromised in vitro
    • Sandefur CI, Wooden JM, Quaye IK, Sirawaraporn W, Sibley CH. Pyrimethamine-resistant dihydrofolate reductase enzymes of Plasmodium falciparum are not enzymatically compromised in vitro. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2007; 154: 1-5.
    • (2007) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.154 , pp. 1-5
    • Sandefur, C.I.1    Wooden, J.M.2    Quaye, I.K.3    Sirawaraporn, W.4    Sibley, C.H.5
  • 37
    • 49649107709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide compensatory changes accompany drug-selected mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum crt gene
    • Jiang H, Patel JJ, Yi M, et al. Genome-wide compensatory changes accompany drug-selected mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum crt gene. PLoS One 2008; 3: e2484.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3
    • Jiang, H.1    Patel, J.J.2    Yi, M.3
  • 38
    • 19344362685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness of drug-resistant malaria parasites
    • Walliker D, Hunt P, Babiker H. Fitness of drug-resistant malaria parasites. Acta Trop 2005; 94: 251-9.
    • (2005) Acta Trop , vol.94 , pp. 251-259
    • Walliker, D.1    Hunt, P.2    Babiker, H.3
  • 39
    • 77955677361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Return of chloroquine-susceptible falciparum malaria in Malawi was a reexpansion of diverse susceptible parasites
    • Laufer MK, Takala-Harrison S, Dzinjalamala FK, Stine OC, Taylor TE, Plowe CV. Return of chloroquine-susceptible falciparum malaria in Malawi was a reexpansion of diverse susceptible parasites. J Infect Dis 2010; 202: 801-8.
    • (2010) J Infect Dis , vol.202 , pp. 801-808
    • Laufer, M.K.1    Takala-Harrison, S.2    Dzinjalamala, F.K.3    Stine, O.C.4    Taylor, T.E.5    Plowe, C.V.6
  • 40
    • 34347359955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance despite strictly controlled antimalarial use
    • Noranate N, Durand R, Tall A, et al. Rapid dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance despite strictly controlled antimalarial use. PLoS One 2007; 2: e139.
    • (2007) PLoS One , vol.2
    • Noranate, N.1    Durand, R.2    Tall, A.3
  • 41
    • 34548697970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Yunnan Province, China
    • Yang Z, Zhang Z, Sun X, et al. Molecular analysis of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Yunnan Province, China. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12: 1051-60.
    • (2007) Trop Med Int Health , vol.12 , pp. 1051-1060
    • Yang, Z.1    Zhang, Z.2    Sun, X.3
  • 42
    • 79960959549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pervasive sign epistasis between conjugative plasmids and drug-resistance chromosomal mutations
    • Silva RF, Mendonca SC, Carvalho LM, et al. Pervasive sign epistasis between conjugative plasmids and drug-resistance chromosomal mutations. PLoS Genet 2011; 7: e1002181.
    • (2011) PLoS Genet , vol.7
    • Silva, R.F.1    Mendonca, S.C.2    Carvalho, L.M.3
  • 43
    • 34447286827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of DNA mismatch repair in generating genetic diversity and drug resistance in malaria parasites
    • Bethke L, Thomas S, Walker K, Lakhia R, Rangarajan R, Wirth D. The role of DNA mismatch repair in generating genetic diversity and drug resistance in malaria parasites. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2007; 155: 18-25.
    • (2007) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.155 , pp. 18-25
    • Bethke, L.1    Thomas, S.2    Walker, K.3    Lakhia, R.4    Rangarajan, R.5    Wirth, D.6
  • 44
    • 79953878868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malaria drug resistance is associated with defective DNA mismatch repair
    • Castellini MA, Buguliskis JS, Casta LJ, et al. Malaria drug resistance is associated with defective DNA mismatch repair. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2011; 177: 143-7.
    • (2011) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.177 , pp. 143-147
    • Castellini, M.A.1    Buguliskis, J.S.2    Casta, L.J.3
  • 45
    • 2142657830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective DNA repair as a potential mechanism for the rapid development of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Trotta RF, Brown ML, Terrell JC, Geyer JA. Defective DNA repair as a potential mechanism for the rapid development of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Biochemistry 2004; 43: 4885-91.
    • (2004) Biochemistry , vol.43 , pp. 4885-4891
    • Trotta, R.F.1    Brown, M.L.2    Terrell, J.C.3    Geyer, J.A.4
  • 46
    • 0029916863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: A nonsynergistic combination of 5-fluoroorotate and atovaquone suppresses in vitro resistance
    • Gassis S, Rathod PK. Frequency of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: a nonsynergistic combination of 5-fluoroorotate and atovaquone suppresses in vitro resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 914-9.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 914-919
    • Gassis, S.1    Rathod, P.K.2
  • 47
    • 0032985269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated falciparum malaria
    • Price R, Nosten F, Simpson JA, et al. Risk factors for gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 60: 1019-23.
    • (1999) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.60 , pp. 1019-1023
    • Price, R.1    Nosten, F.2    Simpson, J.A.3
  • 48
    • 0029952963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Features of recrudescent chloroquineresistant Plasmodium falciparum infections confer a survival ad vantage on parasites and have implications for disease control
    • Handunnetti SM, Gunewardena DM, Pathirana PP, Ekanayake K, Weerasinghe S, Mendis KN. Features of recrudescent chloroquineresistant Plasmodium falciparum infections confer a survival ad vantage on parasites and have implications for disease control. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 563-7.
    • (1996) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.90 , pp. 563-567
    • Handunnetti, S.M.1    Gunewardena, D.M.2    Pathirana, P.P.3    Ekanayake, K.4    Weerasinghe, S.5    Mendis, K.N.6
  • 49
    • 0034102459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gametocytemia and infectivity to mosquitoes of patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria attacks treated with chloroquine or sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine
    • Robert V, Wono-Ambene HP, Le Hesran JY, Trape JF. Gametocytemia and infectivity to mosquitoes of patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria attacks treated with chloroquine or sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2000; 62: 210-6.
    • (2000) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.62 , pp. 210-216
    • Robert, V.1    Wono-Ambene, H.P.2    Le Hesran, J.Y.3    Trape, J.F.4
  • 50
    • 4644230441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy counteracts the enhanced transmission of drug-resistant malaria parasites to mosquitoes
    • Hallett RL, Sutherland CJ, Alexander N, et al. Combination therapy counteracts the enhanced transmission of drug-resistant malaria parasites to mosquitoes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 3940-3.
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 3940-3943
    • Hallett, R.L.1    Sutherland, C.J.2    Alexander, N.3
  • 51
    • 84877930986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gametocytocidal activity in antimalarial drugs speeds the spread of drug resistance
    • Hastings IM. Gametocytocidal activity in antimalarial drugs speeds the spread of drug resistance. J Infect Dis 2011; 203: 228-36.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.203 , pp. 228-236
    • Hastings, I.M.1
  • 52
    • 33746421091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gametocytocidal activity in antimalarial drugs speeds the spread of drug resistance
    • Hastings IM. Gametocytocidal activity in antimalarial drugs speeds the spread of drug resistance. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11: 1206-17.
    • (2006) Trop Med Int Health , vol.11 , pp. 1206-1217
    • Hastings, I.M.1
  • 53
    • 79960648350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of drug resistance and the curious orthodoxy of aggressive chemotherapy
    • Read AF, Day T, Huijben S. The evolution of drug resistance and the curious orthodoxy of aggressive chemotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108 Suppl 2: 10871-7.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 10871-10877
    • Read, A.F.1    Day, T.2    Huijben, S.3
  • 54
    • 55549095094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent highlights in antimalarial drug resistance and chemotherapy research
    • Fidock DA, Eastman RT, Ward SA, Meshnick SR. Recent highlights in antimalarial drug resistance and chemotherapy research. Trends Parasitol 2008; 24: 537-44.
    • (2008) Trends Parasitol , vol.24 , pp. 537-544
    • Fidock, D.A.1    Eastman, R.T.2    Ward, S.A.3    Meshnick, S.R.4
  • 55
    • 33749989605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transporters involved in resistance to antimalarial drugs
    • Valderramos SG, Fidock DA. Transporters involved in resistance to antimalarial drugs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006; 27: 594-601.
    • (2006) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.27 , pp. 594-601
    • Valderramos, S.G.1    Fidock, D.A.2
  • 56
    • 0033636607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the P. falciparum digestive vacuole transmembrane protein PfCRT and evidence for their role in chloroquine resistance
    • Fidock DA, Nomura T, Talley AK, et al. Mutations in the P. falciparum digestive vacuole transmembrane protein PfCRT and evidence for their role in chloroquine resistance. Mol Cell 2000; 6: 861-71.
    • (2000) Mol Cell , vol.6 , pp. 861-871
    • Fidock, D.A.1    Nomura, T.2    Talley, A.K.3
  • 57
    • 0031589733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex polymorphisms in an approximately 330 kDa protein are linked to chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in Southeast Asia and Africa
    • Su X, Kirkman LA, Fujioka H, Wellems TE. Complex polymorphisms in an approximately 330 kDa protein are linked to chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in Southeast Asia and Africa. Cell 1997; 91: 593-603.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 593-603
    • Su, X.1    Kirkman, L.A.2    Fujioka, H.3    Wellems, T.E.4
  • 58
    • 33748645940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PfCRT and the transvacuolar proton electrochemical gradient: Regulating the access of chloroquine to ferriprotoporphyrin IX
    • Bray PG, Mungthin M, Hastings IM, et al. PfCRT and the transvacuolar proton electrochemical gradient: regulating the access of chloroquine to ferriprotoporphyrin IX. Mol Microbiol 2006; 62: 238-51.
    • (2006) Mol Microbiol , vol.62 , pp. 238-251
    • Bray, P.G.1    Mungthin, M.2    Hastings, I.M.3
  • 59
    • 78649518769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the mechanism of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Chinappi M, Via A, Marcatili P, Tramontano A. On the mechanism of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS One 2010; 5: e14064.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Chinappi, M.1    Via, A.2    Marcatili, P.3    Tramontano, A.4
  • 60
    • 22744447610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role for PfCRT K76T in Plasmodium falciparum verapamil-reversible chloroquine resistance
    • Lakshmanan V, Bray PG, Verdier-Pinard D, et al. A critical role for PfCRT K76T in Plasmodium falciparum verapamil-reversible chloroquine resistance. EMBO J 2005; 24: 2294-305.
    • (2005) EMBO J , vol.24 , pp. 2294-2305
    • Lakshmanan, V.1    Bray, P.G.2    Verdier-Pinard, D.3
  • 61
    • 72749090340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced digestive vacuolar accumulation of chloroquine is not linked to resistance to chloroquine toxicity
    • Cabrera M, Paguio MF, Xie C, Roepe PD. Reduced digestive vacuolar accumulation of chloroquine is not linked to resistance to chloroquine toxicity. Biochemistry 2009; 48: 11152-4.
    • (2009) Biochemistry , vol.48 , pp. 11152-11154
    • Cabrera, M.1    Paguio, M.F.2    Xie, C.3    Roepe, P.D.4
  • 62
    • 79955545580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential drug efflux or accumulation does not explain variation in the chloroquine response of Plasmodium falciparum strains expressing the same isoform of mutant PfCRT
    • Lehane AM, van Schalkwyk DA, Valderramos SG, Fidock DA, Kirk K. Differential drug efflux or accumulation does not explain variation in the chloroquine response of Plasmodium falciparum strains expressing the same isoform of mutant PfCRT. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 2310-8.
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 2310-2318
    • Lehane, A.M.1    van Schalkwyk, D.A.2    Valderramos, S.G.3    Fidock, D.A.4    Kirk, K.5
  • 63
    • 77953519649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High chloroquine treatment failure rates and predominance of mutant genotypes associated with chloroquine and antifolate resistance among falciparum malaria patients from the island of Car Nicobar, India
    • Das MK, Lumb V, Mittra P, Singh SS, Dash AP, Sharma YD. High chloroquine treatment failure rates and predominance of mutant genotypes associated with chloroquine and antifolate resistance among falciparum malaria patients from the island of Car Nicobar, India. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65: 1258-61.
    • (2010) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.65 , pp. 1258-1261
    • Das, M.K.1    Lumb, V.2    Mittra, P.3    Singh, S.S.4    Dash, A.P.5    Sharma, Y.D.6
  • 64
    • 64849116595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum crt and mdr1 with in vitro chloroquine resistance: A Philippine study
    • Hatabu T, Iwagami M, Kawazu S, et al. Association of molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum crt and mdr1 with in vitro chloroquine resistance: a Philippine study. Parasitol Int 2009; 58: 166-70.
    • (2009) Parasitol Int , vol.58 , pp. 166-170
    • Hatabu, T.1    Iwagami, M.2    Kawazu, S.3
  • 65
    • 0021797892 scopus 로고
    • Amplification of P-glycoprotein genes in multidrug-resistant mammalian cell lines
    • Riordan JR, Deuchars K, Kartner N, Alon N, Trent J, Ling V. Amplification of P-glycoprotein genes in multidrug-resistant mammalian cell lines. Nature 1985; 316: 817-9.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.316 , pp. 817-819
    • Riordan, J.R.1    Deuchars, K.2    Kartner, N.3    Alon, N.4    Trent, J.5    Ling, V.6
  • 66
    • 0026645269 scopus 로고
    • Selection for high-level chloroquine resistance results in deamplification of the pfmdr1 gene and increased sensitivity to mefloquine in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Barnes DA, Foote SJ, Galatis D, Kemp DJ, Cowman AF. Selection for high-level chloroquine resistance results in deamplification of the pfmdr1 gene and increased sensitivity to mefloquine in Plasmodium falciparum. EMBO J 1992; 11: 3067-75.
    • (1992) EMBO J , vol.11 , pp. 3067-3075
    • Barnes, D.A.1    Foote, S.J.2    Galatis, D.3    Kemp, D.J.4    Cowman, A.F.5
  • 67
    • 33746302565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing pfmdr1 copy number in plasmodium falciparum malaria heightens susceptibility to mefloquine, lumefantrine, halofantrine, quinine, and artemisinin
    • Sidhu AB, Uhlemann AC, Valderramos SG, Valderramos JC, Krishna S, Fidock DA. Decreasing pfmdr1 copy number in plasmodium falciparum malaria heightens susceptibility to mefloquine, lumefantrine, halofantrine, quinine, and artemisinin. J Infect Dis 2006; 194: 528-35.
    • (2006) J Infect Dis , vol.194 , pp. 528-535
    • Sidhu, A.B.1    Uhlemann, A.C.2    Valderramos, S.G.3    Valderramos, J.C.4    Krishna, S.5    Fidock, D.A.6
  • 68
    • 19344377032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of the pfmdr1 gene to antimalarial drug-resistance
    • Duraisingh MT, Cowman AF. Contribution of the pfmdr1 gene to antimalarial drug-resistance. Acta Trop 2005; 94: 181-90.
    • (2005) Acta Trop , vol.94 , pp. 181-190
    • Duraisingh, M.T.1    Cowman, A.F.2
  • 69
    • 0036467783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum are determined by loci other than pfcrt and pfmdr1
    • Chen N, Russell B, Fowler E, Peters J, Cheng Q. Levels of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum are determined by loci other than pfcrt and pfmdr1. J Infect Dis 2002; 185: 405-7.
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.185 , pp. 405-407
    • Chen, N.1    Russell, B.2    Fowler, E.3    Peters, J.4    Cheng, Q.5
  • 70
    • 65549119262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of a Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance-associated protein (PfMRP) alters its fitness and transport of antimalarial drugs and glutathione
    • Raj DK, Mu J, Jiang H, et al. Disruption of a Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance-associated protein (PfMRP) alters its fitness and transport of antimalarial drugs and glutathione. J Biol Chem 2009; 284: 7687-96.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 7687-7696
    • Raj, D.K.1    Mu, J.2    Jiang, H.3
  • 72
    • 77954029768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transporters as mediators of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Sanchez CP, Dave A, Stein WD, Lanzer M. Transporters as mediators of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40: 1109-18.
    • (2010) Int J Parasitol , vol.40 , pp. 1109-1118
    • Sanchez, C.P.1    Dave, A.2    Stein, W.D.3    Lanzer, M.4
  • 73
    • 0024402191 scopus 로고
    • Sequences similar to genes for two mitochondrial proteins and portions of ribosomal RNA in tandemly arrayed 6-kilobase-pair DNA of a malarial parasite
    • Vaidya AB, Akella R, Suplick K. Sequences similar to genes for two mitochondrial proteins and portions of ribosomal RNA in tandemly arrayed 6-kilobase-pair DNA of a malarial parasite. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1989; 35: 97-107.
    • (1989) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.35 , pp. 97-107
    • Vaidya, A.B.1    Akella, R.2    Suplick, K.3
  • 74
    • 0026605065 scopus 로고
    • Site of action of the antimalarial hydroxynaphthoquinone, 2-[trans-4-(4'-chlorophenyl) cyclohexyl]-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (566C80)
    • Fry M, Pudney M. Site of action of the antimalarial hydroxynaphthoquinone, 2-[trans-4-(4'-chlorophenyl) cyclohexyl]-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (566C80). Biochem Pharmacol 1992; 43: 1545-53.
    • (1992) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 1545-1553
    • Fry, M.1    Pudney, M.2
  • 75
    • 33847398001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific role of mitochondrial electron transport in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum
    • Painter HJ, Morrisey JM, Mather MW, Vaidya AB. Specific role of mitochondrial electron transport in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 2007; 446: 88-91.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.446 , pp. 88-91
    • Painter, H.J.1    Morrisey, J.M.2    Mather, M.W.3    Vaidya, A.B.4
  • 76
    • 0033931237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b that are associated with atovaquone resistance are located at a putative drugbinding site
    • Korsinczky M, Chen N, Kotecka B, Saul A, Rieckmann K, Cheng Q. Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b that are associated with atovaquone resistance are located at a putative drugbinding site. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 2100-8.
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 2100-2108
    • Korsinczky, M.1    Chen, N.2    Kotecka, B.3    Saul, A.4    Rieckmann, K.5    Cheng, Q.6
  • 77
    • 22844435982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncovering the molecular mode of action of the antimalarial drug atovaquone using a bacterial system
    • Mather MW, Darrouzet E, Valkova-Valchanova, et al. Uncovering the molecular mode of action of the antimalarial drug atovaquone using a bacterial system. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 27458-65.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 27458-27465
    • Mather, M.W.1    Darrouzet, E.2    Valkova-Valchanova3
  • 78
    • 25444447107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-examination of inhibitor resistance conferred by Qo-site mutations in cytochrome b using yeast as a model system
    • Fisher N, Meunier B. Re-examination of inhibitor resistance conferred by Qo-site mutations in cytochrome b using yeast as a model system. Pest Manag Sci 2005; 61: 973-8.
    • (2005) Pest Manag Sci , vol.61 , pp. 973-978
    • Fisher, N.1    Meunier, B.2
  • 79
    • 20444504719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome b mutations that modify the ubiquinol-binding pocket of the cytochrome bc1 complex and confer anti-malarial drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Kessl JJ, Ha KH, Merritt AK, et al. Cytochrome b mutations that modify the ubiquinol-binding pocket of the cytochrome bc1 complex and confer anti-malarial drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 17142-8.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 17142-17148
    • Kessl, J.J.1    Ha, K.H.2    Merritt, A.K.3
  • 80
    • 77952450375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi malaria parasites can develop stable resistance to atovaquone with a mutation in the cytochrome b gene
    • Afonso A, Neto Z, Castro H, et al. Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi malaria parasites can develop stable resistance to atovaquone with a mutation in the cytochrome b gene. Malar J 2010; 9: 135.
    • (2010) Malar J , vol.9 , pp. 135
    • Afonso, A.1    Neto, Z.2    Castro, H.3
  • 81
    • 0032738420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the cytochrome b gene of Plasmodium berghei conferring resistance to atovaquone
    • Syafruddin D, Siregar JE, Marzuki S. Mutations in the cytochrome b gene of Plasmodium berghei conferring resistance to atovaquone. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1999; 104: 185-94.
    • (1999) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.104 , pp. 185-194
    • Syafruddin, D.1    Siregar, J.E.2    Marzuki, S.3
  • 82
    • 0032781364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance mutations reveal the atovaquone-binding domain of cytochrome b in malaria parasites
    • Srivastava IK, Morrisey JM, Darrouzet E, Daldal F, Vaidya AB. Resistance mutations reveal the atovaquone-binding domain of cytochrome b in malaria parasites. Mol Microbiol 1999; 33: 704-11.
    • (1999) Mol Microbiol , vol.33 , pp. 704-711
    • Srivastava, I.K.1    Morrisey, J.M.2    Darrouzet, E.3    Daldal, F.4    Vaidya, A.B.5
  • 83
    • 58749105670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe atovaquoneresistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a Canadian traveller returned from the Indian subcontinent
    • Perry TL, Pandey P, Grant JM, Kain KC. Severe atovaquoneresistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a Canadian traveller returned from the Indian subcontinent. Open Med 2009; 3: e10-e16.
    • (2009) Open Med , vol.3
    • Perry, T.L.1    Pandey, P.2    Grant, J.M.3    Kain, K.C.4
  • 84
    • 33750024079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical atovaquone-proguanil resistance of Plasmodium falciparum associated with cytochrome b codon 268 mutations
    • Musset L, Bouchaud O, Matheron S, Massias L, Le BJ. Clinical atovaquone-proguanil resistance of Plasmodium falciparum associated with cytochrome b codon 268 mutations. Microbes Infect 2006; 8: 2599-604.
    • (2006) Microbes Infect , vol.8 , pp. 2599-2604
    • Musset, L.1    Bouchaud, O.2    Matheron, S.3    Massias, L.4    Le, B.J.5
  • 85
    • 4844231568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malarone treatment failure not associated with previously described mutations in the cytochrome b gene
    • Wichmann O, Muehlen M, Gruss H, Mockenhaupt FP, Suttorp N, Jelinek T. Malarone treatment failure not associated with previously described mutations in the cytochrome b gene. Malar J 2004; 3: 14.
    • (2004) Malar J , vol.3 , pp. 14
    • Wichmann, O.1    Muehlen, M.2    Gruss, H.3    Mockenhaupt, F.P.4    Suttorp, N.5    Jelinek, T.6
  • 86
    • 0037737838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status and replies to frequently posed questions on atovaquone plus proguanil (Malarone) for the prevention of malaria
    • Kain KC. Current status and replies to frequently posed questions on atovaquone plus proguanil (Malarone) for the prevention of malaria. BioDrugs 2003; 17 Suppl 1: 23-8.
    • (2003) BioDrugs , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 23-28
    • Kain, K.C.1
  • 88
    • 38849187113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence analysis of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b in multiple geographic sites
    • Ekala MT, Khim N, Legrand E, et al. Sequence analysis of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b in multiple geographic sites. Malar J 2007; 6: 164.
    • (2007) Malar J , vol.6 , pp. 164
    • Ekala, M.T.1    Khim, N.2    Legrand, E.3
  • 89
    • 40549103118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro atovaquone/ proguanil susceptibility and characterization of the cytochrome b gene of Plasmodium falciparum from different endemic regions of Thailand
    • Khositnithikul R, Tan-Ariya P, Mungthin M. In vitro atovaquone/ proguanil susceptibility and characterization of the cytochrome b gene of Plasmodium falciparum from different endemic regions of Thailand. Malar J 2008; 7: 23.
    • (2008) Malar J , vol.7 , pp. 23
    • Khositnithikul, R.1    Tan-Ariya, P.2    Mungthin, M.3
  • 90
    • 0000715174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dihydrofolate reductase and antifolate resistance in malaria
    • Sirawaraporn W. Dihydrofolate reductase and antifolate resistance in malaria. Drug Resist Updat 1998; 1: 397-406.
    • (1998) Drug Resist Updat , vol.1 , pp. 397-406
    • Sirawaraporn, W.1
  • 91
    • 0001651897 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene
    • Bzik DJ, Li WB, Horii T, Inselburg J. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84: 8360-4.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.84 , pp. 8360-8364
    • Bzik, D.J.1    Li, W.B.2    Horii, T.3    Inselburg, J.4
  • 92
    • 0015082487 scopus 로고
    • Action of pyrimethamine and related drugs against Plasmodium knowlesi in vitro
    • Gutteridge WE, Trigg PI. Action of pyrimethamine and related drugs against Plasmodium knowlesi in vitro. Parasitology 1971; 62: 431-44.
    • (1971) Parasitology , vol.62 , pp. 431-444
    • Gutteridge, W.E.1    Trigg, P.I.2
  • 93
    • 0032407858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cycloguanil and its parent compound proguanil demonstrate distinct activities against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites transformed with human dihydrofolate reductase
    • Fidock DA, Nomura T, Wellems TE. Cycloguanil and its parent compound proguanil demonstrate distinct activities against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites transformed with human dihydrofolate reductase. Mol Pharmacol 1998; 54: 1140-7.
    • (1998) Mol Pharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 1140-1147
    • Fidock, D.A.1    Nomura, T.2    Wellems, T.E.3
  • 94
    • 0037134042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent regulation of dihydrofolate reductase between malaria parasite and human host
    • Zhang K, Rathod PK. Divergent regulation of dihydrofolate reductase between malaria parasite and human host. Science 2002; 296: 545-7.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 545-547
    • Zhang, K.1    Rathod, P.K.2
  • 95
    • 34447651337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel Plasmodium falciparum expression system for assessing antifolate resistance caused by mutant P. vivax dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase
    • O'Neil MT, Korsinczky ML, Gresty KJ, Auliff A, Cheng Q. A novel Plasmodium falciparum expression system for assessing antifolate resistance caused by mutant P. vivax dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase. J Infect Dis 2007; 196: 467-74.
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.196 , pp. 467-474
    • O'Neil, M.T.1    Korsinczky, M.L.2    Gresty, K.J.3    Auliff, A.4    Cheng, Q.5
  • 96
    • 33750596700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the activities of pyrimethamine analogs against Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase using in vitro enzyme inhibition and bacterial complementation assays
    • Bunyarataphan S, Leartsakulpanich U, Taweechai S, Tarnchompoo B, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Yuthavong Y. Evaluation of the activities of pyrimethamine analogs against Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase using in vitro enzyme inhibition and bacterial complementation assays. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50: 3631-7.
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 3631-3637
    • Bunyarataphan, S.1    Leartsakulpanich, U.2    Taweechai, S.3    Tarnchompoo, B.4    Kamchonwongpaisan, S.5    Yuthavong, Y.6
  • 97
    • 77952643360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins of the recent emergence of Plasmodium falciparum pyrimethamine resistance alleles in Madagascar
    • Andriantsoanirina V, Bouchier C, Tichit M, et al. Origins of the recent emergence of Plasmodium falciparum pyrimethamine resistance alleles in Madagascar. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 2323-9.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 2323-2329
    • Andriantsoanirina, V.1    Bouchier, C.2    Tichit, M.3
  • 98
    • 77955410911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point mutations in dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes of Plasmodium falciparum from three endemic malaria regions in Colombia
    • Galindo JA, Cristiano FA, Knudson A, Nicholls RS, Guerra AP. [Point mutations in dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes of Plasmodium falciparum from three endemic malaria regions in Colombia]. Biomedica 2010; 30: 56-64.
    • (2010) Biomedica , vol.30 , pp. 56-64
    • Galindo, J.A.1    Cristiano, F.A.2    Knudson, A.3    Nicholls, R.S.4    Guerra, A.P.5
  • 99
    • 79955856127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of dhfr triple mutant and correlation with high rates of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment failures in vivo in Gabonese children
    • Mombo-Ngoma G, Oyakhirome S, Ord R, Gabor JJ, Greutelaers KC, Profanter K, et al. High prevalence of dhfr triple mutant and correlation with high rates of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment failures in vivo in Gabonese children. Malar J 2011; 10: 123.
    • (2011) Malar J , vol.10 , pp. 123
    • Mombo-Ngoma, G.1    Oyakhirome, S.2    Ord, R.3    Gabor, J.J.4    Greutelaers, K.C.5    Profanter, K.6
  • 100
    • 78549234725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased prevalence of the pfdhfr/phdhps quintuple mutant and rapid emergence of pfdhps resistance mutations at codons 581 and 613 in Kisumu, Kenya
    • Spalding MD, Eyase FL, Akala HM, et al. Increased prevalence of the pfdhfr/phdhps quintuple mutant and rapid emergence of pfdhps resistance mutations at codons 581 and 613 in Kisumu, Kenya. Malar J 2010; 9: 338.
    • (2010) Malar J , vol.9 , pp. 338
    • Spalding, M.D.1    Eyase, F.L.2    Akala, H.M.3
  • 101
    • 77956487852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-folate drug resistance in Africa: Metaanalysis of reported dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) mutant genotype frequencies in African Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations
    • Sridaran S, McClintock SK, Syphard LM, Herman KM, Barnwell JW, Udhayakumar V. Anti-folate drug resistance in Africa: metaanalysis of reported dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) mutant genotype frequencies in African Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations. Malar J 2010; 9: 247.
    • (2010) Malar J , vol.9 , pp. 247
    • Sridaran, S.1    McClintock, S.K.2    Syphard, L.M.3    Herman, K.M.4    Barnwell, J.W.5    Udhayakumar, V.6
  • 102
    • 0000841123 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that a point mutation in dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase confers resistance to pyrimethamine in falciparum malaria
    • Peterson DS, Walliker D, Wellems TE. Evidence that a point mutation in dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase confers resistance to pyrimethamine in falciparum malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85: 9114-8.
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.85 , pp. 9114-9118
    • Peterson, D.S.1    Walliker, D.2    Wellems, T.E.3
  • 104
    • 65549160862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of an unusual sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance pattern and a novel K540N mutation in dihydropteroate synthetase in Plasmodium falciparum isolates obtained from Car Nicobar Island, India, after the 2004 Tsunami
    • Lumb V, Das MK, Mittra P, et al. Emergence of an unusual sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance pattern and a novel K540N mutation in dihydropteroate synthetase in Plasmodium falciparum isolates obtained from Car Nicobar Island, India, after the 2004 Tsunami. J Infect Dis 2009; 199: 1064-73.
    • (2009) J Infect Dis , vol.199 , pp. 1064-1073
    • Lumb, V.1    Das, M.K.2    Mittra, P.3
  • 105
    • 0030720799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase and epidemiologic patterns of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine use and resistance
    • Plowe CV, Cortese JF, Djimde A, et al. Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase and epidemiologic patterns of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine use and resistance. J Infect Dis 1997; 176: 1590-6.
    • (1997) J Infect Dis , vol.176 , pp. 1590-1596
    • Plowe, C.V.1    Cortese, J.F.2    Djimde, A.3
  • 106
    • 0029013280 scopus 로고
    • A mutation-specific PCR system to detect sequence variation in the dihydropteroate synthetase gene of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Wang P, Brooks DR, Sims PF, Hyde JE. A mutation-specific PCR system to detect sequence variation in the dihydropteroate synthetase gene of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1995; 71: 115-25.
    • (1995) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.71 , pp. 115-125
    • Wang, P.1    Brooks, D.R.2    Sims, P.F.3    Hyde, J.E.4
  • 107
    • 0031444278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in dihydropteroate synthase are responsible for sulfone and sulfonamide resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Triglia T, Menting JG, Wilson C, Cowman AF. Mutations in dihydropteroate synthase are responsible for sulfone and sulfonamide resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94: 13944-9.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 13944-13949
    • Triglia, T.1    Menting, J.G.2    Wilson, C.3    Cowman, A.F.4
  • 108
    • 77955351148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and dissemination across the Colombian Andes mountain range of sulfadoxinepyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Corredor V, Murillo C, Echeverry DF, et al. Origin and dissemination across the Colombian Andes mountain range of sulfadoxinepyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 3121-5.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 3121-3125
    • Corredor, V.1    Murillo, C.2    Echeverry, D.F.3
  • 109
    • 43549119287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The usefulness of twenty-four molecular markers in predicting treatment outcome with combination therapy of amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine against falciparum malaria in Papua New Guinea
    • Marfurt J, Muller I, Sie A, et al. The usefulness of twenty-four molecular markers in predicting treatment outcome with combination therapy of amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine against falciparum malaria in Papua New Guinea. Malar J 2008; 7: 61.
    • (2008) Malar J , vol.7 , pp. 61
    • Marfurt, J.1    Muller, I.2    Sie, A.3
  • 110
    • 77952728022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five years of large-scale dhfr and dhps mutation surveillance following the phased implementation of artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Maputo Province, Southern Mozambique
    • Raman J, Little F, Roper C, et al. Five years of large-scale dhfr and dhps mutation surveillance following the phased implementation of artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Maputo Province, Southern Mozambique. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 82: 788-94.
    • (2010) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.82 , pp. 788-794
    • Raman, J.1    Little, F.2    Roper, C.3
  • 111
    • 46349110443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular markers of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in Mozambican infants
    • Mayor A, Serra-Casas E, Sanz S, et al. Molecular markers of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in Mozambican infants. J Infect Dis 2008; 197: 1737-42.
    • (2008) J Infect Dis , vol.197 , pp. 1737-1742
    • Mayor, A.1    Serra-Casas, E.2    Sanz, S.3
  • 112
    • 79851475649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective sweeps and genetic lineages of Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistant alleles in Ghana
    • Alam MT, de Souza DK, Vinayak S, et al. Selective sweeps and genetic lineages of Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistant alleles in Ghana. J Infect Dis 2011; 203: 220-7.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.203 , pp. 220-227
    • Alam, M.T.1    de Souza, D.K.2    Vinayak, S.3
  • 113
    • 79956332481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple origins of Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthetase mutant alleles associated with sulfadoxine resistance in India
    • Lumb V, Das MK, Singh N, Dev V, Khan W, Sharma YD. Multiple origins of Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthetase mutant alleles associated with sulfadoxine resistance in India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 2813-7.
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 2813-2817
    • Lumb, V.1    Das, M.K.2    Singh, N.3    Dev, V.4    Khan, W.5    Sharma, Y.D.6
  • 114
    • 79953239538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in two districts of Nepal
    • Ranjitkar S, Schousboe ML, Thomsen TT, et al. Prevalence of molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in two districts of Nepal. Malar J 2011; 10: 75.
    • (2011) Malar J , vol.10 , pp. 75
    • Ranjitkar, S.1    Schousboe, M.L.2    Thomsen, T.T.3
  • 115
    • 68049123592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria
    • Dondorp AM, Nosten F, Yi P, et al. Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 455-67.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 455-467
    • Dondorp, A.M.1    Nosten, F.2    Yi, P.3
  • 117
    • 42349104331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Qinghaosu (artemisinin): The price of success
    • White NJ. Qinghaosu (artemisinin): the price of success. Science 2008; 320: 330-4.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 330-334
    • White, N.J.1
  • 118
    • 77950943615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High heritability of malaria parasite clearance rate indicates a genetic basis for artemisinin resistance in western Cambodia
    • Anderson TJ, Nair S, Nkhoma S, et al. High heritability of malaria parasite clearance rate indicates a genetic basis for artemisinin resistance in western Cambodia. J Infect Dis 2010; 201: 1326-30.
    • (2010) J Infect Dis , vol.201 , pp. 1326-1330
    • Anderson, T.J.1    Nair, S.2    Nkhoma, S.3
  • 119
    • 79251599335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium sensitivity to artemisinins: Magic bullets hit elusive targets
    • Ding XC, Beck HP, Raso G. Plasmodium sensitivity to artemisinins: magic bullets hit elusive targets. Trends Parasitol 2011; 27: 73-81.
    • (2011) Trends Parasitol , vol.27 , pp. 73-81
    • Ding, X.C.1    Beck, H.P.2    Raso, G.3
  • 120
    • 77950362015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular mechanism of action of artemisinin--the debate continues
    • O'Neill PM, Barton VE, Ward SA. The molecular mechanism of action of artemisinin--the debate continues. Molecules 2010; 15: 1705-21.
    • (2010) Molecules , vol.15 , pp. 1705-1721
    • O'Neill, P.M.1    Barton, V.E.2    Ward, S.A.3
  • 121
    • 80053929001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the reactivity of antimalarial 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes with 1,2,4-trioxolanes in the presence of ferrous iron salts, heme, and ferrous iron salts/phosphatidylcholine
    • Bousejra-El GF, Wong MH, Amewu RK, et al. Comparison of the reactivity of antimalarial 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes with 1,2,4-trioxolanes in the presence of ferrous iron salts, heme, and ferrous iron salts/phosphatidylcholine. J Med Chem 2011; 54: 6443-55.
    • (2011) J Med Chem , vol.54 , pp. 6443-6455
    • Bousejra-El, G.F.1    Wong, M.H.2    Amewu, R.K.3
  • 122
    • 77149155618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing the antimalarial mechanism of artemisinin and OZ277 (arterolane) with nonperoxidic isosteres and nitroxyl radicals
    • Fugi MA, Wittlin S, Dong Y, Vennerstrom JL. Probing the antimalarial mechanism of artemisinin and OZ277 (arterolane) with nonperoxidic isosteres and nitroxyl radicals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 1042-6.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 1042-1046
    • Fugi, M.A.1    Wittlin, S.2    Dong, Y.3    Vennerstrom, J.L.4
  • 123
    • 49649115285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidation of the natural artemisinin decomposition route upon iron interaction: A fine electronic redistribution promotes reactivity
    • Nosoongnoen W, Pratuangdejkul J, Sathirakul K, et al. Elucidation of the natural artemisinin decomposition route upon iron interaction: a fine electronic redistribution promotes reactivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10: 5083-93.
    • (2008) Phys Chem Chem Phys , vol.10 , pp. 5083-5093
    • Nosoongnoen, W.1    Pratuangdejkul, J.2    Sathirakul, K.3
  • 124
    • 78651404852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of heme and the mitochondrion in the chemical and molecular mechanisms of mammalian cell death induced by the artemisinin antimalarials
    • Mercer AE, Copple IM, Maggs JL, O'Neill PM, Park BK. The role of heme and the mitochondrion in the chemical and molecular mechanisms of mammalian cell death induced by the artemisinin antimalarials. J Biol Chem 2011; 286: 987-96.
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , pp. 987-996
    • Mercer, A.E.1    Copple, I.M.2    Maggs, J.L.3    O'Neill, P.M.4    Park, B.K.5
  • 125
    • 77949661216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinin directly targets malarial mitochondria through its specific mitochondrial activation
    • Wang J, Huang L, Li J, et al. Artemisinin directly targets malarial mitochondria through its specific mitochondrial activation. PLoS One 2010; 5: e9582.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Wang, J.1    Huang, L.2    Li, J.3
  • 126
    • 79960992639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinin activity against Plasmodium falciparum requires hemoglobin uptake and digestion
    • Klonis N, Crespo-Ortiz MP, Bottova I, et al. Artemisinin activity against Plasmodium falciparum requires hemoglobin uptake and digestion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108: 11405-10.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , pp. 11405-11410
    • Klonis, N.1    Crespo-Ortiz, M.P.2    Bottova, I.3
  • 127
    • 78649251920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heme as trigger and target for trioxanecontaining antimalarial drugs
    • Meunier B, Robert A. Heme as trigger and target for trioxanecontaining antimalarial drugs. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43: 1444-51.
    • (2010) Acc Chem Res , vol.43 , pp. 1444-1451
    • Meunier, B.1    Robert, A.2
  • 128
    • 84877931251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium Genomic Database
    • Plasmodium Genomic Database. PlasmoDB, http://plasmodb.org/plasmo 2012.
    • PlasmoDB
  • 129
    • 77956563692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution, genetic analysis and genome re-sequencing reveal the mutation conferring artemisinin resistance in an isogenic lineage of malaria parasites
    • Hunt P, Martinelli A, Modrzynska K, et al. Experimental evolution, genetic analysis and genome re-sequencing reveal the mutation conferring artemisinin resistance in an isogenic lineage of malaria parasites. BMC Genomics 2010; 11: 499.
    • (2010) BMC Genomics , vol.11 , pp. 499
    • Hunt, P.1    Martinelli, A.2    Modrzynska, K.3
  • 130
    • 0042860063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinins target the SERCA of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Eckstein-Ludwig U, Webb RJ, Van G, et al. Artemisinins target the SERCA of Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 2003; 424: 957-61.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.424 , pp. 957-961
    • Eckstein-Ludwig, U.1    Webb, R.J.2    Van, G.3
  • 131
    • 67650327631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of malaria in Cameroon. XXVIII. In vitro activity of dihydroartemisinin against clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum and sequence analysis of the P. falciparum ATPase 6 gene
    • Tahar R, Ringwald P, Basco LK. Molecular epidemiology of malaria in Cameroon. XXVIII. In vitro activity of dihydroartemisinin against clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum and sequence analysis of the P. falciparum ATPase 6 gene. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009; 81: 13-8.
    • (2009) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.81 , pp. 13-18
    • Tahar, R.1    Ringwald, P.2    Basco, L.K.3
  • 132
    • 79960039014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium falciparum isolates from southern Ghana exhibit polymorphisms in the SERCA-type PfATPase6 though sensitive to artesunate in vitro
    • Kwansa-Bentum B, Ayi I, Suzuki T, et al. Plasmodium falciparum isolates from southern Ghana exhibit polymorphisms in the SERCA-type PfATPase6 though sensitive to artesunate in vitro. Malar J 2011; 10: 187.
    • (2011) Malar J , vol.10 , pp. 187
    • Kwansa-Bentum, B.1    Ayi, I.2    Suzuki, T.3
  • 133
    • 77952664258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of pfmdr1 amplification and expression in induction of resis tance to artemisinin derivatives in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Chavchich M, Gerena L, Peters J, Chen N, Cheng Q, Kyle DE. Role of pfmdr1 amplification and expression in induction of resis tance to artemisinin derivatives in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 2455-64.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 2455-2464
    • Chavchich, M.1    Gerena, L.2    Peters, J.3    Chen, N.4    Cheng, Q.5    Kyle, D.E.6
  • 134
    • 58449119995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pfmdr1 copy number and arteminisin derivatives combination therapy failure in falciparum malaria in Cambodia
    • Lim P, Alker AP, Khim N, et al. Pfmdr1 copy number and arteminisin derivatives combination therapy failure in falciparum malaria in Cambodia. Malar J 2009; 8: 11.
    • (2009) Malar J , vol.8 , pp. 11
    • Lim, P.1    Alker, A.P.2    Khim, N.3
  • 135
    • 79957470784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum ABC transporter genes are associated with major ACT antimalarial drug resistance
    • Veiga MI, Ferreira PE, Jornhagen L, et al. Novel polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum ABC transporter genes are associated with major ACT antimalarial drug resistance. PLoS One 2011; 6: e20212.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Veiga, M.I.1    Ferreira, P.E.2    Jornhagen, L.3
  • 136
    • 77953731111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the contribution of candidate genes to artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Imwong M, Dondorp AM, Nosten F, et al. Exploring the contribution of candidate genes to artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 2886-92.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 2886-2892
    • Imwong, M.1    Dondorp, A.M.2    Nosten, F.3
  • 137
    • 80055027373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Artesunate on Parasite Recrudescence and Dormancy in the Rodent Malaria Model Plasmodium vinckei
    • Lacrue AN, Scheel M, Kennedy K, Kumar N, Kyle DE. Effects of Artesunate on Parasite Recrudescence and Dormancy in the Rodent Malaria Model Plasmodium vinckei. PLoS One 2011; 6: e26689.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Lacrue, A.N.1    Scheel, M.2    Kennedy, K.3    Kumar, N.4    Kyle, D.E.5
  • 138
    • 84877931105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic changes in artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum lines in vitro: Evidence for decreased sensitivity to dormancy and growth inhibition
    • Teuscher F, Chen N, Kyle DE, Gatton ML, Cheng Q. Phenotypic changes in artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum lines in vitro: evidence for decreased sensitivity to dormancy and growth inhibition. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011.
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother
    • Teuscher, F.1    Chen, N.2    Kyle, D.E.3    Gatton, M.L.4    Cheng, Q.5
  • 139
    • 79961008996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is associated with an altered temporal pattern of transcription
    • Mok S, Imwong M, Mackinnon MJ, et al. Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is associated with an altered temporal pattern of transcription. BMC Genomics 2011; 12: 391.
    • (2011) BMC Genomics , vol.12 , pp. 391
    • Mok, S.1    Imwong, M.2    Mackinnon, M.J.3
  • 140
    • 79954426980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trioxaquines: Hybrid molecules for the treatment of malaria
    • Chauhan SS, Sharma M, Chauhan PM. Trioxaquines: hybrid molecules for the treatment of malaria. Drug News Perspect 2010; 23: 632-46.
    • (2010) Drug News Perspect , vol.23 , pp. 632-646
    • Chauhan, S.S.1    Sharma, M.2    Chauhan, P.M.3
  • 141
    • 79952732772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic ozonide drug candidate OZ439 offers new hope for a single-dose cure of uncomplicated malaria
    • Charman SA, Rbe-Barnes S, Bathurst IC, et al. Synthetic ozonide drug candidate OZ439 offers new hope for a single-dose cure of uncomplicated malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108: 4400-5.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , pp. 4400-4405
    • Charman, S.A.1    Rbe-Barnes, S.2    Bathurst, I.C.3
  • 142
    • 70349158714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New developments in Plasmodium vivax malaria: Severe disease and the rise of chloroquine resistance
    • Price RN, Douglas NM, Anstey NM. New developments in Plasmodium vivax malaria: severe disease and the rise of chloroquine resistance. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2009; 22: 430-5.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 430-435
    • Price, R.N.1    Douglas, N.M.2    Anstey, N.M.3
  • 144
    • 80054793079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical Proteomics of the Neglected Human Malarial Parasite Plasmodium vivax
    • Acharya P, Pallavi R, Chandran S, et al. Clinical Proteomics of the Neglected Human Malarial Parasite Plasmodium vivax. PLoS One 2011; 6: e26623.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Acharya, P.1    Pallavi, R.2    Chandran, S.3
  • 147
    • 84856288273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dormancy in mammalian malaria
    • Markus MB. Dormancy in mammalian malaria. Trends Parasitol 2012; 28: 39-45.
    • (2012) Trends Parasitol , vol.28 , pp. 39-45
    • Markus, M.B.1
  • 149
    • 79955564614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine resistant vivax malaria in a pregnant woman on the western border of Thailand
    • Rijken MJ, Boel ME, Russell B, et al. Chloroquine resistant vivax malaria in a pregnant woman on the western border of Thailand. Malar J 2011; 10: 113.
    • (2011) Malar J , vol.10 , pp. 113
    • Rijken, M.J.1    Boel, M.E.2    Russell, B.3
  • 150
    • 79955546961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to chloroquine unhinges vivax malaria therapeutics
    • Baird JK. Resistance to chloroquine unhinges vivax malaria therapeutics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 1827-30.
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 1827-1830
    • Baird, J.K.1
  • 151
    • 79951722855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmed vivax resistance to chloroquine and effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of vivax malaria in Ethiopia
    • Yohannes AM, Teklehaimanot A, Bergqvist Y, Ringwald P. Confirmed vivax resistance to chloroquine and effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of vivax malaria in Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 84: 137-40.
    • (2011) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.84 , pp. 137-140
    • Yohannes, A.M.1    Teklehaimanot, A.2    Bergqvist, Y.3    Ringwald, P.4
  • 152
    • 77749311669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of chloroquine therapy for vivax and falciparum malaria in southern Sumatra, western Indonesia
    • Sutanto I, Endawati D, Ling LH, Laihad F, Setiabudy R, Baird JK. Evaluation of chloroquine therapy for vivax and falciparum malaria in southern Sumatra, western Indonesia. Malar J 2010; 9: 52.
    • (2010) Malar J , vol.9 , pp. 52
    • Sutanto, I.1    Endawati, D.2    Ling, L.H.3    Laihad, F.4    Setiabudy, R.5    Baird, J.K.6
  • 153
    • 0035371224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for different mechanisms of chloroquine resistance in 2 Plasmodium species that cause human malaria
    • Nomura T, Carlton JM, Baird JK, et al. Evidence for different mechanisms of chloroquine resistance in 2 Plasmodium species that cause human malaria. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 1653-61.
    • (2001) J Infect Dis , vol.183 , pp. 1653-1661
    • Nomura, T.1    Carlton, J.M.2    Baird, J.K.3
  • 154
    • 67749116323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the crt-o and mdr1 genes of Plasmodium vivax among chloroquine-resistant isolates from the Brazilian Amazon region
    • Orjuela-Sanchez P, de Santana Filho FS, Hado-Lima A, et al. Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the crt-o and mdr1 genes of Plasmodium vivax among chloroquine-resistant isolates from the Brazilian Amazon region. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53: 3561-4.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 3561-3564
    • Orjuela-Sanchez, P.1    de Santana Filho, F.S.2    Hado-Lima, A.3
  • 155
    • 79955950486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring resistance of Plasmdium vivax: Point mutations in dihydrofolate reductase gene in isolates from Central China
    • Huang F, Zhou S, Zhang S, Li W, Zhang H. Monitoring resistance of Plasmdium vivax: point mutations in dihydrofolate reductase gene in isolates from Central China. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4: 80.
    • (2011) Parasit Vectors , vol.4 , pp. 80
    • Huang, F.1    Zhou, S.2    Zhang, S.3    Li, W.4    Zhang, H.5
  • 156
    • 79955017844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax anti-folate resistance in India
    • Prajapati SK, Joshi H, Dev V, Dua VK. Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax anti-folate resistance in India. Malar J 2011; 10: 102.
    • (2011) Malar J , vol.10 , pp. 102
    • Prajapati, S.K.1    Joshi, H.2    Dev, V.3    Dua, V.K.4
  • 157
    • 78650579363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium vivax: Prevalence of mutations associated with sulfadoxinepyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium vivax clinical isolates from Pakistan
    • Zakeri S, Afsharpad M, Ghasemi F, et al. Plasmodium vivax: prevalence of mutations associated with sulfadoxinepyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium vivax clinical isolates from Pakistan. Exp Parasitol 2011; 127: 167-72.
    • (2011) Exp Parasitol , vol.127 , pp. 167-172
    • Zakeri, S.1    Afsharpad, M.2    Ghasemi, F.3
  • 158
    • 79551647957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different allele prevalence in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes in Plasmodium vivax populations from China
    • Miao M, Yang Z, Cui L, Ahlum J, Huang Y, Cui L. Different allele prevalence in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes in Plasmodium vivax populations from China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83: 1206-11.
    • (2010) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.83 , pp. 1206-1211
    • Miao, M.1    Yang, Z.2    Cui, L.3    Ahlum, J.4    Huang, Y.5    Cui, L.6
  • 159
    • 77957062531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the antifolateresistance-associated genes dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase in Plasmodium vivax isolates from malariaendemic countries
    • Lu F, Lim CS, Nam DH, et al. Mutations in the antifolateresistance-associated genes dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase in Plasmodium vivax isolates from malariaendemic countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83: 474-9.
    • (2010) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.83 , pp. 474-479
    • Lu, F.1    Lim, C.S.2    Nam, D.H.3
  • 160
    • 79851480073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vivax malaria: Old drug, new uses?
    • Watkins B, Sibley C. Vivax malaria: old drug, new uses? J Infect Dis 2011; 203: 144-5.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.203 , pp. 144-145
    • Watkins, B.1    Sibley, C.2
  • 161
    • 79851491750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate is highly potent against pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium vivax
    • Imwong M, Russell B, Suwanarusk R, et al. Methotrexate is highly potent against pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium vivax. J Infect Dis 2011; 203: 207-10.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.203 , pp. 207-210
    • Imwong, M.1    Russell, B.2    Suwanarusk, R.3
  • 162
    • 79952705886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase I trial to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate as an anti-malarial drug in Kenyan adult healthy volunteers
    • Chilengi R, Juma R, Abdallah AM, et al. A phase I trial to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate as an anti-malarial drug in Kenyan adult healthy volunteers. Malar J 2011; 10: 63.
    • (2011) Malar J , vol.10 , pp. 63
    • Chilengi, R.1    Juma, R.2    Abdallah, A.M.3
  • 163
    • 45849089601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential use of methotrexate in the treatment of falciparum malaria: In vitro assays against sensitive and multidrug-resistant falciparum strains
    • Dar O, Khan MS, Adagu I. The potential use of methotrexate in the treatment of falciparum malaria: in vitro assays against sensitive and multidrug-resistant falciparum strains. Jpn J Infect Dis 2008; 61: 210-1.
    • (2008) Jpn J Infect Dis , vol.61 , pp. 210-211
    • Dar, O.1    Khan, M.S.2    Adagu, I.3
  • 164
    • 42049115684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of folate derivatives on the activity of antifolate drugs used against malaria and cancer
    • Nduati E, Diriye A, Ommeh S, et al. Effect of folate derivatives on the activity of antifolate drugs used against malaria and cancer. Parasitol Res 2008; 102: 1227-34.
    • (2008) Parasitol Res , vol.102 , pp. 1227-1234
    • Nduati, E.1    Diriye, A.2    Ommeh, S.3
  • 165
    • 78650480349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can we identify parasite genes that underlie antimalarial drug resistance?
    • Anderson T, Nkhoma S, Ecker A, Fidock D. How can we identify parasite genes that underlie antimalarial drug resistance? Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12: 59-85.
    • (2011) Pharmacogenomics , vol.12 , pp. 59-85
    • Anderson, T.1    Nkhoma, S.2    Ecker, A.3    Fidock, D.4
  • 166
    • 79958084112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum parasites using a customized Illumina GoldenGate genotyping assay
    • Campino S, Auburn S, Kivinen K, et al. Population genetic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum parasites using a customized Illumina GoldenGate genotyping assay. PLoS One 2011; 6: e20251.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Campino, S.1    Auburn, S.2    Kivinen, K.3
  • 167
    • 77957084132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of methods to detect and quantify the markers of antimalarial drug resistance
    • Hastings IM, Nsanzabana C, Smith TA. A comparison of methods to detect and quantify the markers of antimalarial drug resistance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83: 489-95.
    • (2010) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.83 , pp. 489-495
    • Hastings, I.M.1    Nsanzabana, C.2    Smith, T.A.3
  • 168
    • 55349093261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance and genetic mapping in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Hayton K, Su XZ. Drug resistance and genetic mapping in Plasmodium falciparum. Curr Genet 2008; 54: 223-39.
    • (2008) Curr Genet , vol.54 , pp. 223-239
    • Hayton, K.1    Su, X.Z.2
  • 169
    • 36349037253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid microarray-based method for monitoring of all currently known single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with parasite resistance to antimalaria drugs
    • Crameri A, Marfurt J, Mugittu K, et al. Rapid microarray-based method for monitoring of all currently known single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with parasite resistance to antimalaria drugs. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 3685-91.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 3685-3691
    • Crameri, A.1    Marfurt, J.2    Mugittu, K.3
  • 170
    • 62549103382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of high-density tiling microarrays to identify mutations globally and elucidate mechanisms of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Use of high-density tiling microarrays to identify mutations globally and elucidate mechanisms of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Genome Biol 2009; 10: R21.
    • (2009) Genome Biol , vol.10
  • 171
    • 70450257755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FlexiChip package: An universal microarray with a dedicated analysis software for highthoughput SNPs detection linked to anti-malarial drug resistance
    • Steenkeste N, Dillies MA, Khim N, et al. FlexiChip package: an universal microarray with a dedicated analysis software for highthoughput SNPs detection linked to anti-malarial drug resistance. Malar J 2009; 8: 229.
    • (2009) Malar J , vol.8 , pp. 229
    • Steenkeste, N.1    Dillies, M.A.2    Khim, N.3
  • 172
    • 80051660606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-resistant genotypes and multi-clonality in Plasmodium falciparum analysed by direct genome sequencing from peripheral blood of malaria patients
    • Robinson T, Campino SG, Auburn S, et al. Drug-resistant genotypes and multi-clonality in Plasmodium falciparum analysed by direct genome sequencing from peripheral blood of malaria patients. PLoS One 2011; 6: e23204.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Robinson, T.1    Campino, S.G.2    Auburn, S.3
  • 173
    • 79961240592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets
    • Yuan J, Cheng KC, Johnson RL, et al. Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets. Science 2011; 333: 724-9.
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , pp. 724-729
    • Yuan, J.1    Cheng, K.C.2    Johnson, R.L.3
  • 174
    • 77649188974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium falciparum genome-wide scans for positive selection, recombination hot spots and resistance to antimalarial drugs
    • Mu J, Myers RA, Jiang H, Liu S, et al. Plasmodium falciparum genome-wide scans for positive selection, recombination hot spots and resistance to antimalarial drugs. Nat Genet 2010; 42: 268-71.
    • (2010) Nat Genet , vol.42 , pp. 268-271
    • Mu, J.1    Myers, R.A.2    Jiang, H.3    Liu, S.4
  • 176
    • 0030023406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical studies of atovaquone, alone or in combination with other antimalarial drugs, for treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria in Thailand
    • Looareesuwan S, Viravan C, Webster HK, Kyle DE, Hutchinson DB, Canfield CJ. Clinical studies of atovaquone, alone or in combination with other antimalarial drugs, for treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1996; 54: 62-6.
    • (1996) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.54 , pp. 62-66
    • Looareesuwan, S.1    Viravan, C.2    Webster, H.K.3    Kyle, D.E.4    Hutchinson, D.B.5    Canfield, C.J.6
  • 177
    • 35448944057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review and metaanalysis of the effectiveness and safety of atovaquone proguanil (Malarone) for chemoprophylaxis against malaria
    • Nakato H, Vivancos R, Hunter PR. A systematic review and metaanalysis of the effectiveness and safety of atovaquone proguanil (Malarone) for chemoprophylaxis against malaria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60: 929-36.
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.60 , pp. 929-936
    • Nakato, H.1    Vivancos, R.2    Hunter, P.R.3
  • 178
    • 34249698953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of atovaquone-proguanil for treatment of acute multidrug-resistant Plasmo dium falciparum malaria in Thailand
    • Krudsood S, Patel SN, Tangpukdee N, et al. Efficacy of atovaquone-proguanil for treatment of acute multidrug-resistant Plasmo dium falciparum malaria in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 76: 655-8.
    • (2007) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.76 , pp. 655-658
    • Krudsood, S.1    Patel, S.N.2    Tangpukdee, N.3
  • 179
    • 81555221105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclopropyl carboxamides, a chemically novel class of antimalarial agents identified in a phenotypic screen
    • Sanz LM, Jimenez-Diaz MB, Crespo B, et al. Cyclopropyl carboxamides, a chemically novel class of antimalarial agents identified in a phenotypic screen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 5740-5.
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 5740-5745
    • Sanz, L.M.1    Jimenez-Diaz, M.B.2    Crespo, B.3
  • 180
    • 0035297517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ubiquinol/bc1 redox couple regulates mitochondrial oxygen radical formation
    • Gille L, Nohl H. The ubiquinol/bc1 redox couple regulates mitochondrial oxygen radical formation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 388: 34-8.
    • (2001) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.388 , pp. 34-38
    • Gille, L.1    Nohl, H.2
  • 181
    • 0032869136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. LVII. Drug combinations to impede the selection of drug resistance, Part 1: Which model is appropriate?
    • Peters W. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. LVII. Drug combinations to impede the selection of drug resistance, Part 1: Which model is appropriate? Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1999; 93: 569-87.
    • (1999) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.93 , pp. 569-587
    • Peters, W.1
  • 182
    • 10944225208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. LXII. Drug combinations to impede the selection of drug resistance, part 5: Rates of development of resistance to some inhibitors of folate metabolism and to artesunate
    • Stewart LB, Peters W, Robinson BL. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. LXII. Drug combinations to impede the selection of drug resistance, part 5: rates of development of resistance to some inhibitors of folate metabolism and to artesunate. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2004; 98: 763-83.
    • (2004) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.98 , pp. 763-783
    • Stewart, L.B.1    Peters, W.2    Robinson, B.L.3
  • 183
    • 78751585471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium berghei K173: Selection of resistance to naphthoquine in a mouse model
    • Wang H, Bei ZC, Wang JY, Cao WC. Plasmodium berghei K173: selection of resistance to naphthoquine in a mouse model. Exp Parasitol 2011; 127: 436-9.
    • (2011) Exp Parasitol , vol.127 , pp. 436-439
    • Wang, H.1    Bei, Z.C.2    Wang, J.Y.3    Cao, W.C.4
  • 184
    • 24644506251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood schizontocidal activity of azithromycin and its combination with alpha/beta arteether against multi-drug resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis, a novel MDR parasite model for antimalarial screening
    • Tripathi R, Dhawan S, Dutta GP. Blood schizontocidal activity of azithromycin and its combination with alpha/beta arteether against multi-drug resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis, a novel MDR parasite model for antimalarial screening. Parasitology 2005; 131: 295-301.
    • (2005) Parasitology , vol.131 , pp. 295-301
    • Tripathi, R.1    Dhawan, S.2    Dutta, G.P.3
  • 185
    • 70349313478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved murine model of malaria using Plasmodium falciparum competent strains and non-myelodepleted NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull mice engrafted with human erythrocytes
    • Jimenez-Diaz MB, Mulet T, Viera S, et al. Improved murine model of malaria using Plasmodium falciparum competent strains and non-myelodepleted NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull mice engrafted with human erythrocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53: 4533-6.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 4533-4536
    • Jimenez-Diaz, M.B.1    Mulet, T.2    Viera, S.3
  • 186
    • 78651077288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrahost modeling of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Saralamba S, Pan-Ngum W, Maude RJ, et al. Intrahost modeling of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108: 397-402.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , pp. 397-402
    • Saralamba, S.1    Pan-Ngum, W.2    Maude, R.J.3
  • 187
    • 77951845456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of antimalarial sensitivity tests depends on drug mechanisms of action
    • Wein S, Maynadier M, Tran Van BC, et al. Reliability of antimalarial sensitivity tests depends on drug mechanisms of action. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48: 1651-60.
    • (2010) J Clin Microbiol , vol.48 , pp. 1651-1660
    • Wein, S.1    Maynadier, M.2    Tran Van, B.C.3
  • 188
    • 79951601844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A research agenda to underpin malaria eradication
    • Alonso PL, Brown G, Revalo-Herrera M, et al. A research agenda to underpin malaria eradication. PLoS Med 2011; 8: e1000406.
    • (2011) PLoS Med , vol.8
    • Alonso, P.L.1    Brown, G.2    Revalo-Herrera, M.3
  • 190
    • 84857591058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. falciparum In vitro Killing Rates Allow to Discriminate between Different Antimalarial Mode-of-Action
    • Sanz LM, Crespo B, De-Cozar C, et al. P. falciparum In vitro Killing Rates Allow to Discriminate between Different Antimalarial Mode-of-Action. PLoS One 2012; 7: e30949.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Sanz, L.M.1    Crespo, B.2    De-Cozar, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.