메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 55, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 2576-2584

Artesunate tolerance in transgenic Plasmodium falciparum parasites overexpressing a tryptophan-rich protein

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTESUNATE; MESSENGER RNA; PART PROTEIN; PROTOZOAL PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTOME; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 79956294275     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: 10986596     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01409-10     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0029953812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The iron environment in heme and heme-antimalarial complexes of pharmacological interest
    • Adams, P. A., P. A. Berman, T. J. Egan, P. J. Marsh, and J. Silver. 1996. The iron environment in heme and heme-antimalarial complexes of pharmacological interest. J. Inorg. Biochem. 63:69-77.
    • (1996) J. Inorg. Biochem. , vol.63 , pp. 69-77
    • Adams, P.A.1    Berman, P.A.2    Egan, T.J.3    Marsh, P.J.4    Silver, J.5
  • 3
    • 0029871908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical stability of artesunate injection and proposal for its administration by intravenous infusion
    • Batty, K. T., K. F. Ilett, T. Davis, and M. E. Davis. 1996. Chemical stability of artesunate injection and proposal for its administration by intravenous infusion. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 48:22-26.
    • (1996) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.48 , pp. 22-26
    • Batty, K.T.1    Ilett, K.F.2    Davis, T.3    Davis, M.E.4
  • 4
    • 79251625935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium vivax tryptophan-rich antigen PvTRAg33.5 contains alpha helical structure and multidomain architecture
    • Bora, H., et al. 2011. Plasmodium vivax tryptophan-rich antigen PvTRAg33.5 contains alpha helical structure and multidomain architecture. PLoS One 6:e16294.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Bora, H.1
  • 5
    • 0027988814 scopus 로고
    • The WW domain: A signalling site in dystrophin?
    • Bork, P., and M. Sudol. 1994. The WW domain: a signalling site in dystrophin? Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:531-533.
    • (1994) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 531-533
    • Bork, P.1    Sudol, M.2
  • 6
    • 77956155765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of association between piperaquine in vitro responses and polymorphisms in the pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfmrp, and pfnhe genes in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Briolant, S., et al. 2010. Absence of association between piperaquine in vitro responses and polymorphisms in the pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfmrp, and pfnhe genes in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54:3537-3544.
    • (2010) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.54 , pp. 3537-3544
    • Briolant, S.1
  • 7
    • 33748988741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tryptophan- and argininerich antimicrobial peptides: Structures and mechanisms of action
    • Chan, D. I., E. J. Prenner, and H. J. Vogel. 2006. Tryptophan- and argininerich antimicrobial peptides: structures and mechanisms of action. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1758:1184-1202.
    • (2006) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1758 , pp. 1184-1202
    • Chan, D.I.1    Prenner, E.J.2    Vogel, H.J.3
  • 8
    • 77952664258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of pfmdr1 amplification and expression in induction of resistance to artemisinin derivatives in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Chavchich, M., et al. 2010. Role of pfmdr1 amplification and expression in induction of resistance to artemisinin derivatives in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54:2455-2464.
    • (2010) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.54 , pp. 2455-2464
    • Chavchich, M.1
  • 10
    • 0030249050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a family of Rab G-proteins in Plasmodium falciparum and a detailed characterisation of pfrab6
    • de Castro, F. A., et al. 1996. Identification of a family of Rab G-proteins in Plasmodium falciparum and a detailed characterisation of pfrab6. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 80:77-88.
    • (1996) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.80 , pp. 77-88
    • De Castro, F.A.1
  • 11
    • 0035253752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of malaria parasites by the spontaneous uptake and expression of DNA from human erythrocytes
    • Deitsch, K., C. Driskill, and T. Wellems. 2001. Transformation of malaria parasites by the spontaneous uptake and expression of DNA from human erythrocytes. Nucleic Acids Res. 29:850-853. (Pubitemid 32124398)
    • (2001) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 850-853
    • Deitsch, K.W.1    Driskill, C.L.2    Wellems, T.E.3
  • 12
    • 0018606732 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of antimalarial activity in vitro by a semiautomated microdilution technique
    • Desjardins, R. E., C. J. Canfield, J. D. Haynes, and J. D. Chulay. 1979. Quantitative assessment of antimalarial activity in vitro by a semiautomated microdilution technique. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 16:710-718.
    • (1979) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.16 , pp. 710-718
    • Desjardins, R.E.1    Canfield, C.J.2    Haynes, J.D.3    Chulay, J.D.4
  • 13
    • 79251599335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium sensitivity to artemisinins: Magic bullets hit elusive targets
    • Ding, X. C., H. P. Beck, and G. Raso. 2011. Plasmodium sensitivity to artemisinins: magic bullets hit elusive targets. Trends Parasitol. 27:73-81.
    • (2011) Trends Parasitol. , vol.27 , pp. 73-81
    • Ding, X.C.1    Beck, H.P.2    Raso, G.3
  • 14
    • 68049123592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria
    • Dondorp, A. M., et al. 2009. Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N. Engl. J. Med. 361:455-467.
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.361 , pp. 455-467
    • Dondorp, A.M.1
  • 15
    • 77949568358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinin resistance: Current status and scenarios for containment
    • Dondorp, A. M., et al. 2010. Artemisinin resistance: current status and scenarios for containment. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8:272-280.
    • (2010) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.8 , pp. 272-280
    • Dondorp, A.M.1
  • 16
    • 0036162628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative selection of Plasmodium falciparum reveals targeted gene deletion by double crossover recombination
    • Duraisingh, M. T., T. Triglia, and A. F. Cowman. 2002. Negative selection of Plasmodium falciparum reveals targeted gene deletion by double crossover recombination. Int. J. Parasitol. 32:81-89.
    • (2002) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.32 , pp. 81-89
    • Duraisingh, M.T.1    Triglia, T.2    Cowman, A.F.3
  • 18
    • 0025769994 scopus 로고
    • In vivo and in vitro derived Palo Alto lines of Plasmodium falciparum are genetically unrelated
    • Fandeur, T., S. Bonnefoy, and O. Mercereau-Puijalon. 1991. In vivo and in vitro derived Palo Alto lines of Plasmodium falciparum are genetically unrelated. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 47:167-178.
    • (1991) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.47 , pp. 167-178
    • Fandeur, T.1    Bonnefoy, S.2    Mercereau-Puijalon, O.3
  • 19
    • 58349118483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative protein expression profiling reveals extensive post-transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications in schizont-stage malaria parasites
    • Foth, B. J., N. Zhang, S. Mok, P. R. Preiser, and Z. Bozdech. 2008. Quantitative protein expression profiling reveals extensive post-transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications in schizont-stage malaria parasites. Genome Biol. 9:R177.
    • (2008) Genome Biol. , vol.9
    • Foth, B.J.1    Zhang, N.2    Mok, S.3    Preiser, P.R.4    Bozdech, Z.5
  • 20
    • 0021992698 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of permeation pathways appearing in the host membrane of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells
    • Ginsburg, H., S. Kutner, M. Krugliak, and Z. I. Cabantchik. 1985. Characterization of permeation pathways appearing in the host membrane of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 14: 313-322.
    • (1985) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.14 , pp. 313-322
    • Ginsburg, H.1    Kutner, S.2    Krugliak, M.3    Cabantchik, Z.I.4
  • 22
    • 58249143778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of artemisinin trioxane derivatives within neutral lipids of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites is endoperoxide- dependent
    • Hartwig, C. L., et al. 2009. Accumulation of artemisinin trioxane derivatives within neutral lipids of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites is endoperoxide- dependent. Biochem. Pharmacol. 77:322-336.
    • (2009) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.77 , pp. 322-336
    • Hartwig, C.L.1
  • 23
    • 33646158237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From artemisinin to new artemisinin antimalarials: Biosynthesis, extraction, old and new derivatives, stereochemistry and medicinal chemistry requirements
    • Haynes, R. K. 2006. From artemisinin to new artemisinin antimalarials: biosynthesis, extraction, old and new derivatives, stereochemistry and medicinal chemistry requirements. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 6:509-537.
    • (2006) Curr. Top. Med. Chem. , vol.6 , pp. 509-537
    • Haynes, R.K.1
  • 24
    • 35848962653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artesunate and dihydroartemisinin (DHA): Unusual decomposition products formed under mild conditions and comments on the fitness of DHA as an antimalarial drug
    • Haynes, R. K., et al. 2007. Artesunate and dihydroartemisinin (DHA): unusual decomposition products formed under mild conditions and comments on the fitness of DHA as an antimalarial drug. ChemMedChem 2:1448-1463.
    • (2007) ChemMedChem , vol.2 , pp. 1448-1463
    • Haynes, R.K.1
  • 25
    • 0033844213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mathematical modelling of the chemotherapy of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with artesunate: Postulation of "dormancy", a partial cytostatic effect of the drug, and its implication for treatment regimens
    • Hoshen, M. B., K. Na-Bangchang, W. D. Stein, and H. Ginsburg. 2000. Mathematical modelling of the chemotherapy of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with artesunate: postulation of "dormancy", a partial cytostatic effect of the drug, and its implication for treatment regimens. Parasitology 121: 237-246.
    • (2000) Parasitology , vol.121 , pp. 237-246
    • Hoshen, M.B.1    Na-Bangchang, K.2    Stein, W.D.3    Ginsburg, H.4
  • 26
    • 74049111230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional profiling of growth perturbations of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
    • Hu, G., et al. 2010. Transcriptional profiling of growth perturbations of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Nat. Biotechnol. 28:91-98.
    • (2010) Nat. Biotechnol. , vol.28 , pp. 91-98
    • Hu, G.1
  • 28
    • 0025201429 scopus 로고
    • The tryptophan cluster: A hypothetical structure of the DNA-binding domain of the myb protooncogene product
    • Kanei-Ishii, C., et al. 1990. The tryptophan cluster: a hypothetical structure of the DNA-binding domain of the myb protooncogene product. J. Biol. Chem. 265:19990-19995.
    • (1990) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.265 , pp. 19990-19995
    • Kanei-Ishii, C.1
  • 29
    • 0033950079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of being proline: The interaction of proline-rich motifs in signaling proteins with their cognate domains
    • Kay, B. K., M. P. Williamson, and M. Sudol. 2000. The importance of being proline: the interaction of proline-rich motifs in signaling proteins with their cognate domains. FASEB J. 14:231-241. (Pubitemid 30086060)
    • (2000) FASEB Journal , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 231-241
    • Kay, B.K.1    Williamson, M.P.2    Sudol, M.3
  • 32
    • 77957906346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinins and the biological basis for the PfATP6/SERCA hypothesis
    • Krishna, S., S. Pulcini, F. Fatih, and H. Staines. 2010. Artemisinins and the biological basis for the PfATP6/SERCA hypothesis. Trends Parasitol. 26: 517-523.
    • (2010) Trends Parasitol. , vol.26 , pp. 517-523
    • Krishna, S.1    Pulcini, S.2    Fatih, F.3    Staines, H.4
  • 33
    • 33646582624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of how artemisinins work in light of emerging evidence of in vitro resistance
    • Krishna, S., C. J. Woodrow, H. M. Staines, R. K. Haynes, and O. Mercereau- Puijalon. 2006. Re-evaluation of how artemisinins work in light of emerging evidence of in vitro resistance. Trends Mol. Med. 12:200-205.
    • (2006) Trends Mol. Med. , vol.12 , pp. 200-205
    • Krishna, S.1    Woodrow, C.J.2    Staines, H.M.3    Haynes, R.K.4    Mercereau-Puijalon, O.5
  • 34
    • 33845877955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypervariability within the Rifin, Stevor and Pfmc-2TM superfamilies in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Lavazec, C., S. Sanyal, and T. J. Templeton. 2006. Hypervariability within the Rifin, Stevor and Pfmc-2TM superfamilies in Plasmodium falciparum. Nucleic Acids Res. 34:6696-6707.
    • (2006) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.34 , pp. 6696-6707
    • Lavazec, C.1    Sanyal, S.2    Templeton, T.J.3
  • 35
    • 63149179142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The last man standing is the most resistant: Eliminating artemisinin-resistant malaria in Cambodia
    • Maude, R. J., et al. 2009. The last man standing is the most resistant: eliminating artemisinin-resistant malaria in Cambodia. Malar. J. 8:31.
    • (2009) Malar. J. , vol.8 , pp. 31
    • Maude, R.J.1
  • 36
    • 70350146352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile of artemisinin compounds: An update
    • Medhi, B., S. Patyar, R. S. Rao, D. S. P. Byrav, and A. Prakash. 2009. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile of artemisinin compounds: an update. Pharmacology 84:323-332.
    • (2009) Pharmacology , vol.84 , pp. 323-332
    • Medhi, B.1    Patyar, S.2    Rao, R.S.3    Byrav, D.S.P.4    Prakash, A.5
  • 37
    • 52049121086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic RNA profiling in Plasmodium falciparum synchronized blood stages exposed to lethal doses of artesunate
    • Natalang, O., et al. 2008. Dynamic RNA profiling in Plasmodium falciparum synchronized blood stages exposed to lethal doses of artesunate. BMC Genomics 9:388.
    • (2008) BMC Genomics , vol.9 , pp. 388
    • Natalang, O.1
  • 38
    • 33751206523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of intravenous artesunate in adults with severe falciparum malaria
    • Newton, P. N., et al. 2006. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous artesunate in adults with severe falciparum malaria. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 62:1003-1009.
    • (2006) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.62 , pp. 1003-1009
    • Newton, P.N.1
  • 39
    • 68049146050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinin-resistant malaria in Asia
    • Noedl, H., D. Socheat, and W. Satimai. 2009. Artemisinin-resistant malaria in Asia. N. Engl. J. Med. 361:540-541.
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.361 , pp. 540-541
    • Noedl, H.1    Socheat, D.2    Satimai, W.3
  • 40
    • 23244455909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes coding for tryptophan-rich proteins are transcribed throughout the asexual cycle of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Ntumngia, F. B., N. Bahamontes-Rosa, and J. F. Kun. 2005. Genes coding for tryptophan-rich proteins are transcribed throughout the asexual cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol. Res. 96:347-353.
    • (2005) Parasitol. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 347-353
    • Ntumngia, F.B.1    Bahamontes-Rosa, N.2    Kun, J.F.3
  • 41
    • 2342446230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental-stage-specific triacylglycerol biosynthesis, degradation and trafficking as lipid bodies in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes
    • Palacpac, N. M., Y. Hiramine, F. Mi-ichi, et al. 2004. Developmental-stage-specific triacylglycerol biosynthesis, degradation and trafficking as lipid bodies in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. J. Cell Sci. 117:1469-1480.
    • (2004) J. Cell Sci. , vol.117 , pp. 1469-1480
    • Palacpac, N.M.1    Hiramine, Y.2    Mi-ichi, F.3
  • 42
    • 0018249537 scopus 로고
    • Separation of viable schizont-infected red cells of Plasmodium falciparum from human blood
    • Pasvol, G., R. J. Wilson, M. E. Smalley, and J. Brown. 1978. Separation of viable schizont-infected red cells of Plasmodium falciparum from human blood. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 72:87-88.
    • (1978) Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.72 , pp. 87-88
    • Pasvol, G.1    Wilson, R.J.2    Smalley, M.E.3    Brown, J.4
  • 43
    • 77954029768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transporters as mediators of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Sanchez, C. P., A. Dave, W. D. Stein, and M. Lanzer. 2010. Transporters as mediators of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Int. J. Parasitol. 40:1109-1118.
    • (2010) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.40 , pp. 1109-1118
    • Sanchez, C.P.1    Dave, A.2    Stein, W.D.3    Lanzer, M.4
  • 44
    • 33746302565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing pfmdr1 copy number in plasmodium falciparum malaria heightens susceptibility to mefloquine, lumefantrine, halofantrine, quinine, and artemisinin
    • Sidhu, A. B., et al. 2006. Decreasing pfmdr1 copy number in plasmodium falciparum malaria heightens susceptibility to mefloquine, lumefantrine, halofantrine, quinine, and artemisinin. J. Infect. Dis. 194:528-535.
    • (2006) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.194 , pp. 528-535
    • Sidhu, A.B.1
  • 45
    • 0034704216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New wrinkles for an old domain
    • DOI 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00203-8
    • Sudol, M., and T. Hunter. 2000. NeW wrinkles for an old domain. Cell 103:1001-1004. (Pubitemid 32037388)
    • (2000) Cell , vol.103 , Issue.7 , pp. 1001-1004
    • Sudol, M.1    Hunter, T.2
  • 46
    • 0029852334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative bioavailability of oral, rectal, and intramuscular artemether in healthy subjects: Use of simultaneous measurement by high performance liquid chromatography and bioassay
    • Teja-Isavadharm, P., et al. 1996. Comparative bioavailability of oral, rectal, and intramuscular artemether in healthy subjects: use of simultaneous measurement by high performance liquid chromatography and bioassay. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 42:599-604.
    • (1996) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.42 , pp. 599-604
    • Teja-Isavadharm, P.1
  • 47
    • 77958086412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinin-induced dormancy in plasmodium falciparum: Duration, recovery rates, and implications in treatment failure
    • Teuscher, F., et al. 2010. Artemisinin-induced dormancy in plasmodium falciparum: duration, recovery rates, and implications in treatment failure. J. Infect. Dis. 202:1362-1368.
    • (2010) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.202 , pp. 1362-1368
    • Teuscher, F.1
  • 48
    • 0017311840 scopus 로고
    • Human malaria parasites in continuous culture
    • Trager, W., and J. B. Jensen. 1976. Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. Science 193:673-675.
    • (1976) Science , vol.193 , pp. 673-675
    • Trager, W.1    Jensen, J.B.2
  • 49
    • 77949661216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemisinin directly targets malarial mitochondria through its specific mitochondrial activation
    • Wang, J., et al. 2010. Artemisinin directly targets malarial mitochondria through its specific mitochondrial activation. PLoS One 5:e9582.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Wang, J.1
  • 50
    • 22344456413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SURFIN is a polymorphic antigen expressed on Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and infected erythrocytes
    • Winter, G., et al. 2005. SURFIN is a polymorphic antigen expressed on Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and infected erythrocytes. J. Exp. Med. 201:1853-1863.
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med. , vol.201 , pp. 1853-1863
    • Winter, G.1
  • 51
    • 77951220629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased tolerance to artemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum is mediated by a quiescence mechanism
    • Witkowski, B., et al. 2010. Increased tolerance to artemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum is mediated by a quiescence mechanism. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54:1872-1877.
    • (2010) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.54 , pp. 1872-1877
    • Witkowski, B.1
  • 53
    • 0142124894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to artesunate in vitro in Yunnan Province, China
    • Yang, H., et al. 2003. Changes in susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to artesunate in vitro in Yunnan Province, China. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 97:226-228.
    • (2003) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.97 , pp. 226-228
    • Yang, H.1
  • 54
    • 0032552880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preference of tryptophan for membrane interfaces
    • Yau, W. M., W. C. Wimley, K. Gawrisch, and S. H. White. 1998. The preference of tryptophan for membrane interfaces. Biochemistry 37:14713-14718.
    • (1998) Biochemistry , vol.37 , pp. 14713-14718
    • Yau, W.M.1    Wimley, W.C.2    Gawrisch, K.3    White, S.H.4
  • 55
    • 0036591656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cation-pi interactions in ligand recognition and catalysis
    • Zacharias, N., and D. A. Dougherty. 2002. Cation-pi interactions in ligand recognition and catalysis. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 23:281-287.
    • (2002) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 281-287
    • Zacharias, N.1    Dougherty, D.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.