메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-24

Why do more boys than girls have a reading disability? a review of the evidence

Author keywords

Gender; Instructional outcomes; Reading disability

Indexed keywords


EID: 79961177318     PISSN: 10300112     EISSN: 18336914     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1375/ajse.35.1.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 0347302917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning reading strategies by triggering reading motivation
    • doi:10.1080/0305569032000159688
    • Aarnoutse, C., & Schellings, G. (2003). Learning reading strategies by triggering reading motivation. Educational Studies, 29, 387-409. doi:10.1080/0305569032000159688
    • (2003) Educational Studies , vol.29 , pp. 387-409
    • Aarnoutse, C.1    Schellings, G.2
  • 2
    • 0036789304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disabled readers suffer from visual and auditory impairments but not from a specific magnocellular deficit
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awf231
    • Amitay, S., Ben-Yehudah, G., Banai, K., & Ahissar, M. (2002). Disabled readers suffer from visual and auditory impairments but not from a specific magnocellular deficit. Brain, 125, 2272-2285.doi:10.1093/brain/awf231
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 2272-2285
    • Amitay, S.1    Ben-Yehudah, G.2    Banai, K.3    Ahissar, M.4
  • 3
    • 0002050245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimensions of children's motivation for reading and their relations to reading activity and reading achievement
    • Baker, L., & Wigfield, A. (1999). Dimensions of children's motivation for reading and their relations to reading activity and reading achievement. Reading Research Quarterly, 34, 452-477.
    • (1999) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.34 , pp. 452-477
    • Baker, L.1    Wigfield, A.2
  • 5
    • 42149175733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent research on troublesome classroom behaviour: A review
    • doi:10.1080/10300110701189014
    • Beaman, R., Wheldall, K., & Kemp, C. (2007). Recent research on troublesome classroom behaviour: A review. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 31, 45-60. doi:10.1080/10300110701189014
    • (2007) Australasian Journal of Special Education , vol.31 , pp. 45-60
    • Beaman, R.1    Wheldall, K.2    Kemp, C.3
  • 6
    • 0038368957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does low reading achievement at school entry cause conduct problems?
    • doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00247-2
    • Bennett, K.J., Brown, K.S., Boyle, M., Racine, Y., & Offord, D. (2003). Does low reading achievement at school entry cause conduct problems? Social Science & Medicine, 56, 2443-2448. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00247-2
    • (2003) Social Science & Medicine , vol.56 , pp. 2443-2448
    • Bennett, K.J.1    Brown, K.S.2    Boyle, M.3    Racine, Y.4    Offord, D.5
  • 8
    • 23944522865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large-sample study of sex differences in functional cerebral lateralization
    • doi:10.1080/13803390590954263
    • Boles, D.B. (2005). A large-sample study of sex differences in functional cerebral lateralization. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 27, 759-768. doi:10.1080/13803390590954263
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.27 , pp. 759-768
    • Boles, D.B.1
  • 9
    • 42749086531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in neural processing of language among children
    • doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.12.021
    • Burman, D.D., Bitan, T., & Booth, J.R. (2008). Sex differences in neural processing of language among children. Neuropsychologia, 46, 1349-1362. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.12.021
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , pp. 1349-1362
    • Burman, D.D.1    Bitan, T.2    Booth, J.R.3
  • 10
    • 0033036921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness skills of 4-year-old British children: An assessment and developmental data
    • doi:10.1080/136828299247432
    • Burt, L., Holm, A., & Dodd, B. (1999). Phonological awareness skills of 4-year-old British children: An assessment and developmental data. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 34, 311-335. doi:10.1080/136828299247432
    • (1999) International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders , vol.34 , pp. 311-335
    • Burt, L.1    Holm, A.2    Dodd, B.3
  • 11
    • 84937189208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language basis of reading and reading disabilities: Evidence from a longitudinal investigation
    • doi:10.1207/s1532799xssr0304_2
    • Catts, H.W., Fey, M.E., Zhang, X., & Tomblin, J.B. (1999). Language basis of reading and reading disabilities: Evidence from a longitudinal investigation. Scientific Studies of Reading, 3, 331-361.doi:10.1207/s1532799xssr0304_2
    • (1999) Scientific Studies of Reading , vol.3 , pp. 331-361
    • Catts, H.W.1    Fey, M.E.2    Zhang, X.3    Tomblin, J.B.4
  • 12
    • 34247853254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, gender ratio and gender differences in reading-related cognitive abilities among Chinese children with dyslexia in Hong Kong
    • doi:10.1080/03055690601068535
    • Chan, D.W., Ho, C.S.-H., Tsang, S.-M., Lee, S.-H., & Chung, K.H.H. (2007). Prevalence, gender ratio and gender differences in reading-related cognitive abilities among Chinese children with dyslexia in Hong Kong. Educational Studies, 33, 249-265. doi:10.1080/03055690601068535
    • (2007) Educational Studies , vol.33 , pp. 249-265
    • Chan, D.W.1    Ho, C.S.-H.2    Tsang, S.-M.3    Lee, S.-H.4    Chung, K.H.H.5
  • 15
    • 68249108116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher and student perceptions of boys' and girls' reading motivation
    • doi:10.1080/02702710802275371
    • Coddington, C.S., & Guthrie, J.T. (2009). Teacher and student perceptions of boys' and girls' reading motivation. Reading Psychology, 30, 225-249. doi:10.1080/02702710802275371
    • (2009) Reading Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 225-249
    • Coddington, C.S.1    Guthrie, J.T.2
  • 17
    • 0036061754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateral asymmetry in phonological processing: Relating behavioral measures to neuroimaged structures
    • doi:10.1006/brln.2001.2596
    • Coney, J. (2002). Lateral asymmetry in phonological processing: Relating behavioral measures to neuroimaged structures. Brain and Language, 80, 355-365. doi:10.1006/brln.2001.2596
    • (2002) Brain and Language , vol.80 , pp. 355-365
    • Coney, J.1
  • 18
    • 70350635405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory processing disorder in relation to developmental disorders of language, communication and attention: A review and critique
    • doi:10.1080/13682820902929073
    • Dawes, P., & Bishop, D. (2009). Auditory processing disorder in relation to developmental disorders of language, communication and attention: A review and critique. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 44, 440-465. doi:10.1080/13682820902929073
    • (2009) International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders , vol.44 , pp. 440-465
    • Dawes, P.1    Bishop, D.2
  • 19
    • 0141758366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population sex differences in IQ at age 11: The Scottish mental survey 1932
    • Deary, I.J., Thorpe, G., Wilson, V., Starr, J.M., & Whalley, L.J. (2003). Population sex differences in IQ at age 11: The Scottish mental survey 1932. Intelligence, 31, 533-542.
    • (2003) Intelligence , vol.31 , pp. 533-542
    • Deary, I.J.1    Thorpe, G.2    Wilson, V.3    Starr, J.M.4    Whalley, L.J.5
  • 20
    • 33745588299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of double dissociation studies in the search for candidate endophenotypes for the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and reading disability
    • doi:10.1080/10349120600716158
    • de Jong, C.G.W., Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J.A. (2006). The role of double dissociation studies in the search for candidate endophenotypes for the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and reading disability. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 53, 177-193.doi:10.1080/10349120600716158
    • (2006) International Journal of Disability, Development and Education , vol.53 , pp. 177-193
    • de Jong, C.G.W.1    Oosterlaan, J.2    Sergeant, J.A.3
  • 21
    • 34247639425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) in children with specific language impairment (SLI) central auditory tests
    • doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.02.012
    • Dlouha, O., Novak, A., & Vokral, J. (2007). Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) in children with specific language impairment (SLI) central auditory tests. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 71, 903-907. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.02.012
    • (2007) International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology , vol.71 , pp. 903-907
    • Dlouha, O.1    Novak, A.2    Vokral, J.3
  • 22
    • 1142263240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological development: A normative study of British English-speaking children
    • doi:10.1080/026992003 1000111348
    • Dodd, B., Holm, A., Hua, Z., & Crosbie, S. (2003). Phonological development: A normative study of British English-speaking children. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 17, 617-643. doi:10.1080/026992003 1000111348
    • (2003) Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics , vol.17 , pp. 617-643
    • Dodd, B.1    Holm, A.2    Hua, Z.3    Crosbie, S.4
  • 23
    • 0034486119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new CAPD battery - multiple auditory processing assessment: Factor analysis and comparisons with SCAN
    • doi:10.1044/1059-0889(2000/012)
    • Domitz, D.M., & Schow, R.L. (2000). A new CAPD battery - multiple auditory processing assessment: Factor analysis and comparisons with SCAN. American Journal of Audiology, 9, 1-11. doi:10.1044/ 1059-0889(2000/012)
    • (2000) American Journal of Audiology , vol.9 , pp. 1-11
    • Domitz, D.M.1    Schow, R.L.2
  • 24
    • 57349123231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are apparent sex differences in mean IQ scores created in part by sample restriction and increased male variance?
    • Dykiert, D., Gale, C.R., & Deary, I.J. (2009). Are apparent sex differences in mean IQ scores created in part by sample restriction and increased male variance? Intelligence, 37, 42-47.
    • (2009) Intelligence , vol.37 , pp. 42-47
    • Dykiert, D.1    Gale, C.R.2    Deary, I.J.3
  • 25
    • 0040714980 scopus 로고
    • London: Walter Scott
    • Ellis, H. (1894). Man and woman. London: Walter Scott.
    • (1894) Man and Woman
    • Ellis, H.1
  • 26
    • 4444319135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Level and change in reading scores and attention problems during Elementary school as predictors of problem behavior in Middle school
    • Fleming, C.B., Harachi, T.W., Cortes, R.C., Abbott, R.D., & Catalano, R.F. (2004). Level and change in reading scores and attention problems during Elementary school as predictors of problem behavior in Middle school. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 12, 130-144.
    • (2004) Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders , vol.12 , pp. 130-144
    • Fleming, C.B.1    Harachi, T.W.2    Cortes, R.C.3    Abbott, R.D.4    Catalano, R.F.5
  • 27
    • 68249122689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor reading in French elementary school: The interplay of cognitive, behavioural, and socioeconomic factors
    • doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181a7ed6c
    • Fluss, J., Ziegler, J.C., Warszawski, J., Ducot, B., Richard, G., & Billard, C. (2009). Poor reading in French elementary school: The interplay of cognitive, behavioural, and socioeconomic factors. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 30, 206-216. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181a7ed6c
    • (2009) Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics , vol.30 , pp. 206-216
    • Fluss, J.1    Ziegler, J.C.2    Warszawski, J.3    Ducot, B.4    Richard, G.5    Billard, C.6
  • 28
    • 0034178633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in early verbal and nonverbal cognitive development
    • Galsworthy, M.J., Dionne, G., Dale, P.S., & Plomin, R. (2000). Sex differences in early verbal and nonverbal cognitive development. Developmental Science, 3, 206-215.
    • (2000) Developmental Science , vol.3 , pp. 206-215
    • Galsworthy, M.J.1    Dionne, G.2    Dale, P.S.3    Plomin, R.4
  • 29
    • 62149109657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness abilities of 6-year-old children with mild to moderate phonological impairments
    • Gernand, K.L., & Morgan, M.J. (2007). Phonological awareness abilities of 6-year-old children with mild to moderate phonological impairments. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 28, 206-215.
    • (2007) Communication Disorders Quarterly , vol.28 , pp. 206-215
    • Gernand, K.L.1    Morgan, M.J.2
  • 30
    • 57049096424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening signs of auditory processing problem: Does it distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes in a clinical sample of children?
    • doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.09.020
    • Ghanizadeh, A. (2009). Screening signs of auditory processing problem: Does it distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes in a clinical sample of children? International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 73, 81-87. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.09.020
    • (2009) International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology , vol.73 , pp. 81-87
    • Ghanizadeh, A.1
  • 31
    • 0033842477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An fMRI study of sex differences in regional activation to a verbal and a spatial task
    • doi:10.1006/brln.2000.2325
    • Gur, R.C., Alsop, D., Glahn, D., Petty, R., Swanson, C.L., Maldjian, J.A., ... Gur, R.E. (2000). An fMRI study of sex differences in regional activation to a verbal and a spatial task. Brain and Language, 74, 157-170. doi:10.1006/brln.2000.2325
    • (2000) Brain and Language , vol.74 , pp. 157-170
    • Gur, R.C.1    Alsop, D.2    Glahn, D.3    Petty, R.4    Swanson, C.L.5    Maldjian, J.A.6    Gur, R.E.7
  • 32
    • 4544282819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivating struggling readers in middle school through an engagement model of classroom practice
    • Guthrie, J.T., & Davis, M.H. (2003). Motivating struggling readers in middle school through an engagement model of classroom practice. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 19, 59-85.
    • (2003) Reading & Writing Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 59-85
    • Guthrie, J.T.1    Davis, M.H.2
  • 33
    • 0034405842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The smarter sex: A critical review of sex differences in intelligence
    • Halpern, D.F., & LaMay, M.I. (2000). The smarter sex: A critical review of sex differences in intelligence. Educational Psychology Review, 12, 229-246.
    • (2000) Educational Psychology Review , vol.12 , pp. 229-246
    • Halpern, D.F.1    Lamay, M.I.2
  • 35
    • 33845810028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of reading difficulties as a function of gender and severity
    • doi:10.1007/s11145-006-9016-z
    • Hawke, J.L., Wadsworth, S.J., Olson, R.K., & DeFries, J.C. (2007). Etiology of reading difficulties as a function of gender and severity. Reading and Writing, 20, 13-25. doi:10.1007/s11145-006-9016-z
    • (2007) Reading and Writing , vol.20 , pp. 13-25
    • Hawke, J.L.1    Wadsworth, S.J.2    Olson, R.K.3    Defries, J.C.4
  • 37
    • 0026461929 scopus 로고
    • Externalizing behavior problems and academic underachievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships and underlying mechanisms
    • Hinshaw, S.P. (1992). Externalizing behavior problems and academic underachievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships and underlying mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 127-135.
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.111 , pp. 127-135
    • Hinshaw, S.P.1
  • 38
    • 33947544497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyslexia and the brain: What does current research tell us?
    • Hudson, R.F., High, L., & Al Otaiba, S. (2007). Dyslexia and the brain: What does current research tell us? The Reading Teacher, 60, 506-515.
    • (2007) The Reading Teacher , vol.60 , pp. 506-515
    • Hudson, R.F.1    High, L.2    Al Otaiba, S.3
  • 39
    • 25844519742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gender similarities hypothesis
    • Hyde, J.S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60, 581-592.
    • (2005) American Psychologist , vol.60 , pp. 581-592
    • Hyde, J.S.1
  • 40
    • 58149366133 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences verbal ability: A meta-analysis
    • Hyde, J.S., & Lynn, M.C. (1988). Gender differences verbal ability: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 53-69.
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.104 , pp. 53-69
    • Hyde, J.S.1    Lynn, M.C.2
  • 42
    • 33845594292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in mental abilities: G masks the dimensions on which they lie
    • Johnson, W., & Bouchard, T.J. (2007). Sex differences in mental abilities: g masks the dimensions on which they lie. Intelligence, 35, 23-39.
    • (2007) Intelligence , vol.35 , pp. 23-39
    • Johnson, W.1    Bouchard, T.J.2
  • 44
    • 70349631364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On sex/gender related similarities and differences in fMRI language research
    • doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.03.005
    • Kaiser, A., Haller, S., Schmitz, S., & Nitsch, C. (2009). On sex/gender related similarities and differences in fMRI language research. Brain Research Reviews, 61, 49-59. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.03.005
    • (2009) Brain Research Reviews , vol.61 , pp. 49-59
    • Kaiser, A.1    Haller, S.2    Schmitz, S.3    Nitsch, C.4
  • 45
    • 0033817940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in lateralization revealed in the posterior language areas
    • doi:10.1093/cercor/10.9.866
    • Kansaku, K., Yamaura, A., & Kitazawa, S. (2000). Sex differences in lateralization revealed in the posterior language areas. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 866-872. doi:10.1093/cercor/10.9.866
    • (2000) Cerebral Cortex , vol.10 , pp. 866-872
    • Kansaku, K.1    Yamaura, A.2    Kitazawa, S.3
  • 46
    • 70349865082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The current state of motivation to read among middle school students
    • doi:10.1080/02702710902733535
    • Kelley, M.J., & Decker, E.O. (2009). The current state of motivation to read among middle school students. Reading Psychology, 30, 466-485. doi:10.1080/02702710902733535
    • (2009) Reading Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 466-485
    • Kelley, M.J.1    Decker, E.O.2
  • 47
    • 85050421303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of gender and reading competence in the development of motivational orientations from Kindergarten to Grade 1
    • Lepola, J. (2004). The role of gender and reading competence in the development of motivational orientations from Kindergarten to Grade 1. Early Education & Development, 15, 215-240.
    • (2004) Early Education & Development , vol.15 , pp. 215-240
    • Lepola, J.1
  • 49
    • 15944423278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male vulnerability to reading disability is not likely to be a myth: A call for new data
    • Liederman, J., Kantrowitz, L., & Flannery, K. (2005). Male vulnerability to reading disability is not likely to be a myth: A call for new data. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38, 109-129.
    • (2005) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.38 , pp. 109-129
    • Liederman, J.1    Kantrowitz, L.2    Flannery, K.3
  • 50
    • 77956245183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender ratios for reading disability: Are there really more boys than girls who are low-progress readers?
    • Limbrick, L., Wheldall, K., & Madelaine, A. (2008). Gender ratios for reading disability: Are there really more boys than girls who are low-progress readers? Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 13, 161-179.
    • (2008) Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties , vol.13 , pp. 161-179
    • Limbrick, L.1    Wheldall, K.2    Madelaine, A.3
  • 51
    • 77957726949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating gender ratios of poor reading using large-scale assessments
    • Limbrick, L., Wheldall, K., & Madelaine, A. (2010). Estimating gender ratios of poor reading using large-scale assessments. Australian Journal of Education, 54, 190-222.
    • (2010) Australian Journal of Education , vol.54 , pp. 190-222
    • Limbrick, L.1    Wheldall, K.2    Madelaine, A.3
  • 52
    • 70350072315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kindergarten literacy assessment of English only and English language learner students: An examination of the predictive validity of three phonemic awareness measures
    • doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2009.08.001
    • Linklater, D.L., O'Connor, R.E., & Palardy, G.J. (2009). Kindergarten literacy assessment of English only and English language learner students: An examination of the predictive validity of three phonemic awareness measures. Journal of School Psychology, 47, 369-394. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2009.08.001
    • (2009) Journal of School Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 369-394
    • Linklater, D.L.1    O'Connor, R.E.2    Palardy, G.J.3
  • 53
    • 67650188996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistencies in sex differences on the Cognitive Abilities Test across countries, grades, test forms, and cohorts
    • doi:10.1348/000709908X354609
    • Lohman, D.F., & Lakin, J.M. (2009). Consistencies in sex differences on the Cognitive Abilities Test across countries, grades, test forms, and cohorts. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 79, 389-407. doi:10.1348/000709908X354609
    • (2009) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 389-407
    • Lohman, D.F.1    Lakin, J.M.2
  • 54
    • 77950753616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in reading achievement
    • doi:10.3176/tr.2009.1.01
    • Lynn, R., & Mikk, J. (2009). Sex differences in reading achievement. Trames, 13, 3-13. doi:10.3176/tr.2009.1.01
    • (2009) Trames , vol.13 , pp. 3-13
    • Lynn, R.1    Mikk, J.2
  • 55
    • 57149091129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global sex differences in test score variability
    • doi:10.1126/science.1162573
    • Machin, S., & Pekkarinen, T. (2008). Global sex differences in test score variability. Science, 322, 1331-1332.doi:10.1126/science.1162573
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 1331-1332
    • Machin, S.1    Pekkarinen, T.2
  • 56
    • 34247111315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in phonological coding: Alphabet transformation speed
    • doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.08.005
    • Majeres, R.L. (2006). Sex differences in phonological coding: Alphabet transformation speed. Intelligence, 35, 335-346. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.08.005
    • (2006) Intelligence , vol.35 , pp. 335-346
    • Majeres, R.L.1
  • 58
    • 11044232188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School motivation of boys and girls: Differences of degree, differences of kind, or both?
    • doi:10.1080/00049530412331283363
    • Martin, A.J. (2004). School motivation of boys and girls: Differences of degree, differences of kind, or both? Australian Journal of Psychology, 56, 133-146. doi:10.1080/00049530412331283363
    • (2004) Australian Journal of Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 133-146
    • Martin, A.J.1
  • 59
    • 67949117332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early gender differences in self-regulation and academic achievement
    • doi:10.1037/a0014240
    • Matthews, J.S., Ponitz, C.C., & Morrison, F.J. (2009). Early gender differences in self-regulation and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 689-704. doi:10.1037/a0014240
    • (2009) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.101 , pp. 689-704
    • Matthews, J.S.1    Ponitz, C.C.2    Morrison, F.J.3
  • 60
    • 0348247527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in the speech development of 2.5-year-old children
    • P. McCormack & A. Russell (Eds.), The Australian Speech Sciences and Technology Association, Adelaide, Australia
    • McCormack, P., & Knighton, T. (1996). Gender differences in the speech development of 2.5-year-old children. In P. McCormack & A. Russell (Eds.), Proceedings of the Sixth Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology (pp. 217-222). The Australian Speech Sciences and Technology Association, Adelaide, Australia.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the Sixth Australian International Conference On Speech Science and Technology , pp. 217-222
    • McCormack, P.1    Knighton, T.2
  • 62
    • 33748422800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and motivation
    • doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.004
    • Meece, J.L., Bower Glienke, B., & Burg, S. (2006). Gender and motivation. Journal of School Psychology, 44, 351-373. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.004
    • (2006) Journal of School Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 351-373
    • Meece, J.L.1    Bower, G.B.2    Burg, S.3
  • 63
    • 0035180784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal analysis of elementary school students' achievement goals in literacy activities
    • doi:10.1006/ceps.2000.1071
    • Meece, J.L., & Miller, S.D. (2001). A longitudinal analysis of elementary school students' achievement goals in literacy activities. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 26, 454-480. doi:10.1006/ceps.2000.1071
    • (2001) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 454-480
    • Meece, J.L.1    Miller, S.D.2
  • 64
    • 22644448485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender ratio in dyslexia
    • doi:10.1007/s11881-998-0003-8
    • Miles, T.R., Haslum, M.N., & Wheeler, T.J. (1998). Gender ratio in dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia, 48, 27- 55. doi:10.1007/s11881-998-0003-8
    • (1998) Annals of Dyslexia , vol.48 , pp. 27-55
    • Miles, T.R.1    Haslum, M.N.2    Wheeler, T.J.3
  • 66
    • 34249667757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory processing disorders: Acquisition and treatment
    • doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2007.03.005
    • Moore, D.R. (2007). Auditory processing disorders: Acquisition and treatment. Journal of Communication Disorders, 40, 295-304. doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2007.03.005
    • (2007) Journal of Communication Disorders , vol.40 , pp. 295-304
    • Moore, D.R.1
  • 69
    • 45749131019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivation for reading and middle school students' performance on standardized testing in reading
    • doi:10.1080/02702710801982159
    • Mucherah, W., & Yoder, A. (2008). Motivation for reading and middle school students' performance on standardized testing in reading. Reading Psychology, 29, 214-235. doi:10.1080/02702710801982159
    • (2008) Reading Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 214-235
    • Mucherah, W.1    Yoder, A.2
  • 70
    • 79961196627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCP), Retrieved September 1, 2009, from
    • National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCP). (2009). Auditory processing disorders in children. Retrieved September 1, 2009, from http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/auditory.asp
    • (2009) Auditory Processing Disorders In Children
  • 71
    • 0032356148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in gender differences in academic achievement from 1960 to 1994: An analysis of differences in mean, variance, and extreme scores
    • doi:10.1023/A:1018873615316
    • Nowell, A., & Hedges, L.V. (1998). Trends in gender differences in academic achievement from 1960 to 1994: An analysis of differences in mean, variance, and extreme scores. Sex Roles, 39, 21-43.doi:10.1023/A:1018873615316
    • (1998) Sex Roles , vol.39 , pp. 21-43
    • Nowell, A.1    Hedges, L.V.2
  • 72
    • 8644221187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth in precursor and reading-related skills: Do low-achieving and IQ-discrepant readers develop differently?
    • doi:10.1111/1540-5826.00029
    • O'Malley, K.J., Francis, D.J., Foorman, B.R., Fletcher, J.M., & Swank, P.R. (2002). Growth in precursor and reading-related skills: Do low-achieving and IQ-discrepant readers develop differently? Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 17, 19-34. doi:10.1111/1540-5826.00029
    • (2002) Learning Disabilities Research & Practice , vol.17 , pp. 19-34
    • O'Malley, K.J.1    Francis, D.J.2    Foorman, B.R.3    Fletcher, J.M.4    Swank, P.R.5
  • 74
    • 0034977959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal lobe activation demonstrates sex-based differences during passive listening
    • Phillips, M.D., Lowe, M.J., Lurito, J.T., Dzemidzic, M., & Mathews, V.P. (2001). Temporal lobe activation demonstrates sex-based differences during passive listening. Radiology, 220, 202-207.
    • (2001) Radiology , vol.220 , pp. 202-207
    • Phillips, M.D.1    Lowe, M.J.2    Lurito, J.T.3    Dzemidzic, M.4    Mathews, V.P.5
  • 80
    • 0002090326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating the relationship between students' attentive-inattentive behaviors in the classroom and their literacy progress
    • Rowe, K.J., & Rowe, K.S. (1999). Investigating the relationship between students' attentive-inattentive behaviors in the classroom and their literacy progress. International Journal of Educational Research, 31, 1-138.
    • (1999) International Journal of Educational Research , vol.31 , pp. 1-138
    • Rowe, K.J.1    Rowe, K.S.2
  • 81
    • 79961186560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Careful, he may not hear you: Or, more accurately, may not process auditory information
    • May
    • Rowe, K.S., & Rowe, K.J. (2006a). Careful, he may not hear you: Or, more accurately, may not process auditory information. Teacher: The National Education Magazine, May, 60-63.
    • (2006) Teacher: The National Education Magazine , pp. 60-63
    • Rowe, K.S.1    Rowe, K.J.2
  • 83
    • 0029990696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading disabilities with and without behaviour problems at 7-8 years: Prediction from longitudinal data from infancy to 6 years
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01439.x
    • Sanson, A., Prior, M., & Smart, D. (1996). Reading disabilities with and without behaviour problems at 7-8 years: Prediction from longitudinal data from infancy to 6 years. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 529-541. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01439.x
    • (1996) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.37 , pp. 529-541
    • Sanson, A.1    Prior, M.2    Smart, D.3
  • 84
    • 2942560773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting curriculum and test performance at age 7 years from pupil background, baseline skills and phonological awareness at age 5
    • Savage, R., & Carless, S. (2004). Predicting curriculum and test performance at age 7 years from pupil background, baseline skills and phonological awareness at age 5. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 155-171.
    • (2004) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 155-171
    • Savage, R.1    Carless, S.2
  • 85
    • 34250810323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting curriculum and test performance at age 11 years from pupil background, baseline skills and phonological awareness at age 5 years
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01746.x
    • Savage, R., Carless, S., & Ferraro, V. (2007). Predicting curriculum and test performance at age 11 years from pupil background, baseline skills and phonological awareness at age 5 years. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 732-739. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01746.x
    • (2007) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 732-739
    • Savage, R.1    Carless, S.2    Ferraro, V.3
  • 88
    • 33646043814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence of auditory processing deficits in children with reading disorder
    • doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.02.001
    • Sharma, M., Purdy, S.C., Newall, P., Wheldall, K., Beaman, R., & Dillon, H. (2006). Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence of auditory processing deficits in children with reading disorder. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117, 1130-1144. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.02.001
    • (2006) Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.117 , pp. 1130-1144
    • Sharma, M.1    Purdy, S.C.2    Newall, P.3    Wheldall, K.4    Beaman, R.5    Dillon, H.6
  • 89
    • 33947117307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What neuroscience really tells us about reading instruction: A response to Judy Willis
    • Shaywitz, S.E., & Shaywitz, B.A. (2007). What neuroscience really tells us about reading instruction: A response to Judy Willis. Educational Leadership, 64, 74-76.
    • (2007) Educational Leadership , vol.64 , pp. 74-76
    • Shaywitz, S.E.1    Shaywitz, B.A.2
  • 90
    • 53849083797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paying attention to reading: The neurobiology of reading and dyslexia
    • doi:10.1017/S0954579408000631
    • Shaywitz, S.E., & Shaywitz, B.A. (2008). Paying attention to reading: The neurobiology of reading and dyslexia. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 1329-1349. doi:10.1017/S0954579408000631
    • (2008) Development and Psychopathology , vol.20 , pp. 1329-1349
    • Shaywitz, S.E.1    Shaywitz, B.A.2
  • 91
    • 11144358319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of left occipitotemporal systems for skilled reading in children after a phonologically-based intervention
    • doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.019
    • Shaywitz, B.A., Shaywitz, S.E., Blachman, B.A., Pugh, K.R., Fulbright, R.K., Skudlarski, P., ... Gore, J.C. (2004). Development of left occipitotemporal systems for skilled reading in children after a phonologically-based intervention. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 926-933. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.019
    • (2004) Biological Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 926-933
    • Shaywitz, B.A.1    Shaywitz, S.E.2    Blachman, B.A.3    Pugh, K.R.4    Fulbright, R.K.5    Skudlarski, P.6    Gore, J.C.7
  • 94
    • 26644464134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflections on research on reading disability with special attention to gender issues
    • doi:10.1177/00222194050380050901
    • Siegel, L.S., & Smythe, I.S. (2005). Reflections on research on reading disability with special attention to gender issues. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38, 473-477. doi:10.1177/00222194050380050901
    • (2005) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.38 , pp. 473-477
    • Siegel, L.S.1    Smythe, I.S.2
  • 96
    • 0036066705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences among students found eligible for special education
    • doi:10.1080/08856250210129038
    • Skårbrevik, K.J. (2002). Gender differences among students found eligible for special education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17, 97-107. doi:10.1080/08856250210129038
    • (2002) European Journal of Special Needs Education , vol.17 , pp. 97-107
    • Skårbrevik, K.J.1
  • 97
    • 0035607546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children with reading difficulties: A six-year follow-up from early primary school to secondary school
    • doi:10.1080/00049530108255121
    • Smart, D., Prior, M., Sanson, A., & Oberklaid, F. (2001). Children with reading difficulties: A six-year follow-up from early primary school to secondary school. Australian Journal of Psychology, 53, 45-53. doi:10.1080/00049530108255121
    • (2001) Australian Journal of Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 45-53
    • Smart, D.1    Prior, M.2    Sanson, A.3    Oberklaid, F.4
  • 98
    • 41649097730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in handedness, asymmetry of the Planum Temporale and functional language lateralization
    • doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.003
    • Sommer, I.E., Aleman, A., Somers, M., Boks, M.P., & Kahn, R.S. (2008). Sex differences in handedness, asymmetry of the Planum Temporale and functional language lateralization. Brain Research, 1206, 76-88. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.003
    • (2008) Brain Research , vol.1206 , pp. 76-88
    • Sommer, I.E.1    Aleman, A.2    Somers, M.3    Boks, M.P.4    Kahn, R.S.5
  • 99
    • 12444323022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting improvement after first-grade reading difficulties: The effects of oral language, emergent literacy, and behaviour skills
    • doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.1.225
    • Spira, E.G., Bracken, S.S., & Fischel, J.E. (2005). Predicting improvement after first-grade reading difficulties: The effects of oral language, emergent literacy, and behaviour skills. Developmental Psychology, 41, 225-234. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.1.225
    • (2005) Developmental Psychology , vol.41 , pp. 225-234
    • Spira, E.G.1    Bracken, S.S.2    Fischel, J.E.3
  • 100
    • 0033457426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sociopsychometrics of learning disabilities
    • doi:10.1177/002221949903200408
    • Stanovich, K.E. (1999). The sociopsychometrics of learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 32, 350-361. doi:10.1177/002221949903200408
    • (1999) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.32 , pp. 350-361
    • Stanovich, K.E.1
  • 101
    • 33749334058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in Cognitive Abilities Test scores: A UK national picture
    • doi:10.1348/00070990 5X50906
    • Strand, S., Deary, I.J., & Smith, P. (2006). Sex differences in Cognitive Abilities Test scores: A UK national picture. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 463-480. doi:10.1348/00070990 5X50906
    • (2006) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 463-480
    • Strand, S.1    Deary, I.J.2    Smith, P.3
  • 103
    • 47049117046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent reading: The relationship of challenge, nonfiction and gender to achievement
    • doi:10.1080/01411920701609380
    • Topping, K.J., Samuels, J., & Paul, T. (2008). Independent reading: The relationship of challenge, nonfiction and gender to achievement. British Educational Research Journal, 34, 505-524.doi:10.1080/01411920701609380
    • (2008) British Educational Research Journal , vol.34 , pp. 505-524
    • Topping, K.J.1    Samuels, J.2    Paul, T.3
  • 104
    • 77950757282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of phonological awareness training on reading achievement
    • doi:10.1075/wll.11.2.03tre
    • Treutlein, A., Zöller, I., Roos, J., & Schöler, H. (2008). Effects of phonological awareness training on reading achievement. Written Language & Literacy, 11, 147-166. doi:10.1075/wll.11.2.03tre
    • (2008) Written Language & Literacy , vol.11 , pp. 147-166
    • Treutlein, A.1    Zöller, I.2    Roos, J.3    Schöler, H.4
  • 105
    • 33644936046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the association between reading achievement and antisocial behavior: New evidence of an environmental explanation from a twin study
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00857.x
    • Trzesniewski, K.H., Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Taylor, A., & Maughan, B. (2006). Revisiting the association between reading achievement and antisocial behavior: New evidence of an environmental explanation from a twin study. Child Development, 77, 72-88. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00857.x
    • (2006) Child Development , vol.77 , pp. 72-88
    • Trzesniewski, K.H.1    Moffitt, T.E.2    Caspi, A.3    Taylor, A.4    Maughan, B.5
  • 107
    • 35648933902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory processing disorder in children with reading disabilities: Effect of audiovisual training
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awm235
    • Veuillet, E., Magnan, A., Ecalle, J., Thai-Van, H., & Collet, L. (2007). Auditory processing disorder in children with reading disabilities: Effect of audiovisual training. Brain, 130, 2915-2928.doi:10.1093/brain/awm235
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 2915-2928
    • Veuillet, E.1    Magnan, A.2    Ecalle, J.3    Thai-Van, H.4    Collet, L.5
  • 108
    • 0025068448 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in intelligence, language, visual-motor abilities, and academic achievement in students with learning disabilities: A review of the literature
    • doi:10.1177/002221949002300111
    • Vogel, S.A. (1990). Gender differences in intelligence, language, visual-motor abilities, and academic achievement in students with learning disabilities: A review of the literature. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 44-52. doi:10.1177/002221949002300111
    • (1990) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.23 , pp. 44-52
    • Vogel, S.A.1
  • 109
    • 0029263003 scopus 로고
    • Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables
    • doi:10.1037/ 0033-2909.117.2.250
    • Voyer, D., Voyer, S., & Bryden, M.P. (1995). Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 250-270. doi:10.1037/ 0033-2909.117.2.250
    • (1995) Psychological Bulletin , vol.117 , pp. 250-270
    • Voyer, D.1    Voyer, S.2    Bryden, M.P.3
  • 110
    • 59649125005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putative sex differences in verbal abilities and language cortex: A critical review
    • doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2008.07.001
    • Wallentin, M. (2009). Putative sex differences in verbal abilities and language cortex: A critical review. Brain & Language, 108, 175-183. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2008.07.001
    • (2009) Brain & Language , vol.108 , pp. 175-183
    • Wallentin, M.1
  • 112
    • 77956260377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do more boys than girls have reading problems?
    • doi:10.1177/0022219409355477
    • Wheldall, K., & Limbrick, L. (2010). Do more boys than girls have reading problems? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 43, 418-429. doi:10.1177/0022219409355477
    • (2010) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.43 , pp. 418-429
    • Wheldall, K.1    Limbrick, L.2
  • 113
    • 0031527599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading motivation: A domain-specific approach to motivation
    • doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3202_1
    • Wigfield, A. (1997). Reading motivation: A domain-specific approach to motivation. Educational Psychologist, 32, 59-68. doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3202_1
    • (1997) Educational. Psychologist , vol.32 , pp. 59-68
    • Wigfield, A.1
  • 115
    • 0031507306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations of children's motivation for reading to the amount and breadth of their reading
    • Wigfield, A., & Guthrie, J.T. (1997). Relations of children's motivation for reading to the amount and breadth of their reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 420-432.
    • (1997) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 420-432
    • Wigfield, A.1    Guthrie, J.T.2
  • 116
    • 0040440938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity of reading disability and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: Differences by gender and subtype
    • doi:10.1177/002221940003300206
    • Willcutt, E.G., & Pennington, B.F. (2000). Comorbidity of reading disability and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: Differences by gender and subtype. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33, 179-191.doi:10.1177/002221940003300206
    • (2000) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.33 , pp. 179-191
    • Willcutt, E.G.1    Pennington, B.F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.