Gender ratios for reading difficulties

Dyslexia

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 239-242

  Hawke, Jesse L ^a   Olson, Richard K ^a   Willcut, Erik G ^a   Wadsworth, Sally J ^a   DeFries, John C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Dyslexia; Gender ratio; Prevalence; Reading disability; Variance

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DYSLEXIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MENTAL TEST; PATIENT REFERRAL; PREVALENCE; READING; SAMPLE SIZE; SCORING SYSTEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX RATIO; TASK PERFORMANCE; TWINS; VARIANCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT;

DISEASES IN TWINS; DYSLEXIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PREVALENCE; READING; SEX DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 70349759834     PISSN: 10769242     EISSN: 10990909     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/dys.389     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. DeFries, J. C., & Gillis, J. J. (1993). Genetics of reading disabilities. In R. Plomin, & G. E. McClearn (eds), Nature, nurture and psychology (pp. 121-145). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
2. Dunn, M. L., & Markwardt, F. C. (1970). Examiner's manual: peabody individual achievement test. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
3. Finucci, J. M., & Childs, B. (1981). Are there really more dyslexic boys than girls? In A. Ansara, N. Geschwind, A. Galaburda, M. Albert, & N. Gartrell (eds), Sex differences in dyslexia (pp. 1-9). Townson, MD: Orton Dyslexia.
4. Geschwind, N. (1981). A reaction to the conference on sex differences in dyslexia. In A. Ansara, N. Geschwind, A. Galaburda, M. Albert, & N. Gartrell (eds), Sex differences in dyslexia (pp. xiii-xviii). Townson, MD: Orton Dyslexia.
5. Harlaar, N., Spinath, F. M., Dale, P. S., & Plomin, R. (2005). Genetic influences on early word recognition abilities and disabilities: A study of 7-year-old twins. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 373-384. (Pubitemid 40514957)
6. Hawke, J. L., Wadsworth, S. J., Olson, R. K., & DeFries, J. C. (2007). Etiology of reading difficulties as a function of gender and severity. Reading and Writing, 20, 13-25.
7. Hedges, L. V., & Nowell, A. (1995). Sex differences in mental test scores, variability, and numbers of high-scoring individuals. Science, 269, 41-45.
8. Liederman, J., Kantrowitz, L., & Flannery, K. (2005). Male vulnerability to reading disability is not likely to be a myth: A call for new data. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38, 109-129. (Pubitemid 40447866)
9. Machin, S., & Pekkarinen, T. (2008). Global sex differences in test score variability. Science, 322, 1331-1332. (Pubitemid 352775232)
10. Nass, R. (1993). Sex differences in learning abilities and disabilities. Annals of Dyslexia, 43, 61-77.
11. Olson, R. K. (2002). Dyslexia: Nature and nurture. Dyslexia, 8, 143-159.
12. Reynolds, C. A., Hewitt, J. K., Erickson, M. T., Silberg, J. L., Rutter, M., Simonoff, E., et al. (1996). The genetics of children's oral reading performance. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 425-434. (Pubitemid 26146035)
13. Rutter, M., Caspi, A., Fergusson, D., Horwood, L. J., Goodman, R., Maughan, B., et al. (2004). Sex differences in developmental reading disability: New findings from 4 epidemiological studies. The Journal of The American Medical Association, 291, 2007-2012. (Pubitemid 38544283)
14. Shaywitz, S. E., Shaywitz, B. A., Fletcher, J. M., & Escobar, M. D. (1990). Prevalence of reading disability in boys and girls. The Journal of The American Medical Association, 291, 998-1002.
15. Stevenson, J. (1992). Identifying sex differences in reading disability: Lessons from a twin study. Reading and Writing, 4, 307-326.
16. Symmes, J. S., & Rapoport, J. L. (1972). Unexpected reading failure. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 42, 82-91.
17. Tallal, P., & Fitch, R. H. (1993). Hormones and cerebral organization: Implications for the development and transmission of language and learning disabilities. In A. M. Galaburda (ed.), Dyslexia and development: Neurobiological aspects of extra-ordinary brains (pp. 168-186). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
18. Vogel, S. A. (1990). Gender differences in intelligence, language, visual-motor abilities, and academic achievement in students with learning disabilities: A review of the literature. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 44-52.