Inorganic nitrite therapy: Historical perspective and future directions

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 576-593

  Kevil, Christopher G ^a,b   Kolluru, Gopi K ^a   Pattillo, Christopher B ^a   Giordano, Tony ^b  

^a LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^b TheraVasc Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Clinical trials; Free radicals; Inflammation; Ischemia; Nitric oxide

Indexed keywords

DIPYRIDAMOLE; HEME; MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYME; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NITRITE; PLACEBO; SODIUM NITRITE;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; BRAIN VASOSPASM; CHEMICAL INTERACTION; CHEMICAL REACTION; COLITIS; CYANIDE POISONING; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HEART ARREST; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; ISCHEMIA; LOW DRUG DOSE; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN HOMEOSTASIS; PROTEIN METABOLISM; PROTEIN SECRETION; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; SICKLE CELL ANEMIA; STOMACH ULCER; WOUND HEALING;

ANIMALS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; BACTERIA; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; INORGANIC CHEMICALS; ISCHEMIA; MOUTH; NEOPLASMS; NITRIC OXIDE; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; SODIUM NITRITE;

EID: 79959995539     PISSN: 08915849     EISSN: 18734596     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.042     Document Type: Review

References (280)

1. I.L. Megson, and D.J. Webb Nitric oxide donor drugs: current status and future trends Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 11 2002 587 601 (Pubitemid 34520612)
2. C. Napoli, and L.J. Ignarro Nitric oxide-releasing drugs Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 43 2003 97 123 (Pubitemid 37372636)
3. C.B. Pattillo, K. Fang, S. Pardue, and C.G. Kevil Genome expression profiling and network analysis of nitrite therapy during chronic ischemia: possible mechanisms and interesting molecules Nitric Oxide 22 2010 168 179
4. N.J. Raat, A.C. Noguchi, V.B. Liu, N. Raghavachari, D. Liu, X. Xu, S. Shiva, P.J. Munson, and M.T. Gladwin Dietary nitrate and nitrite modulate blood and organ nitrite and the cellular ischemic stress response Free Radic. Biol. Med. 47 2009 510 517
5. R.F. Furchgott, and S. Bhadrakom Reactions of strips of rabbit aorta to epinephrine, isopropylarterenol, sodium nitrite and other drugs J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 108 1953 129 143
6. M.T. Gladwin, A.N. Schechter, D.B. Kim-Shapiro, R.P. Patel, N. Hogg, S. Shiva, R.O. Cannon 3rd, M. Kelm, D.A. Wink, M.G. Espey, E.H. Oldfield, R.M. Pluta, B.A. Freeman, J.R. Lancaster Jr., M. Feelisch, and J.O. Lundberg The emerging biology of the nitrite anion Nat. Chem. Biol. 1 2005 308 314
7. M.D. Pierson, and L.A. Smoot Nitrite, nitrite alternatives, and the control of Clostridium botulinum in cured meats Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 17 1982 141 187
8. A.R. Butler, and M. Feelisch Therapeutic uses of inorganic nitrite and nitrate: from the past to the future Circulation 117 2008 2151 2159 (Pubitemid 351572173)
9. K. Bian, M.F. Doursout, and F. Murad Vascular system: role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular diseases J. Clin. Hypertens. (Greenwich) 10 2008 304 310
10. A. Mizuno, R. Baretti, G.D. Buckberg, H.H. Young, J. Vinten-Johansen, X.L. Ma, and L.J. Ignarro Endothelial stunning and myocyte recovery after reperfusion of jeopardized muscle: a role of L-arginine blood cardioplegia J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 113 1997 379 389 (Pubitemid 27083912)
11. W.K. Alderton, C.E. Cooper, and R.G. Knowles Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition Biochem. J. 357 2001 593 615 (Pubitemid 32735142)
12. C. Nathan, and Q.W. Xie Nitric oxide synthases: roles, tolls, and controls Cell 78 1994 915 918 (Pubitemid 24292319)
13. S. Moncada, and A. Higgs The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway N. Engl. J. Med. 329 1993 2002 2012 (Pubitemid 24015045)
14. G. Garcia-Cardena, P. Martasek, B.S. Masters, P.M. Skidd, J. Couet, S. Li, M.P. Lisanti, and W.C. Sessa Dissecting the interaction between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and caveolin: functional significance of the NOS caveolin binding domain in vivo J. Biol. Chem. 272 1997 25437 25440 (Pubitemid 27438846)
15. G.K. Kolluru, J.H. Siamwala, and S. Chatterjee eNOS phosphorylation in health and disease Biochimie 92 2010 1186 1198
16. J.S. Stamler, O. Jaraki, J. Osborne, D.I. Simon, J. Keaney, J. Vita, D. Singel, C.R. Valeri, and J. Loscalzo Nitric oxide circulates in mammalian plasma primarily as an S-nitroso adduct of serum albumin Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89 1992 7674 7677
17. P. Kleinbongard, A. Dejam, T. Lauer, T. Rassaf, A. Schindler, O. Picker, T. Scheeren, A. Godecke, J. Schrader, R. Schulz, G. Heusch, G.A. Schaub, N.S. Bryan, M. Feelisch, and M. Kelm Plasma nitrite reflects constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity in mammals Free Radic. Biol. Med. 35 2003 790 796 (Pubitemid 37329482)
18. 2/NO-linked allosteric function J. Biol. Chem. 277 2002 27818 27828 (Pubitemid 34966727)
19. K. Cosby, K.S. Partovi, J.H. Crawford, R.P. Patel, C.D. Reiter, S. Martyr, B.K. Yang, M.A. Waclawiw, G. Zalos, X. Xu, K.T. Huang, H. Shields, D.B. Kim-Shapiro, A.N. Schechter, R.O. Cannon 3rd, and M.T. Gladwin Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation Nat. Med. 9 2003 1498 1505 (Pubitemid 38004777)
20. N.S. Bryan, T. Rassaf, R.E. Maloney, C.M. Rodriguez, F. Saijo, J.R. Rodriguez, and M. Feelisch Cellular targets and mechanisms of nitros(yl)ation: an insight into their nature and kinetics in vivo Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 2004 4308 4313 (Pubitemid 38405925)
21. T.J. McMahon, and A. Doctor Extrapulmonary effects of inhaled nitric oxide: role of reversible S-nitrosylation of erythrocytic hemoglobin Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 3 2006 153 160
22. N.S. Bryan, B.O. Fernandez, S.M. Bauer, M.F. Garcia-Saura, A.B. Milsom, T. Rassaf, R.E. Maloney, A. Bharti, J. Rodriguez, and M. Feelisch Nitrite is a signaling molecule and regulator of gene expression in mammalian tissues Nat. Chem. Biol. 1 2005 290 297
23. E.S. Ng, D. Jourd'heuil, J.M. McCord, D. Hernandez, M. Yasui, D. Knight, and P. Kubes Enhanced S-nitroso-albumin formation from inhaled NO during ischemia/reperfusion Circ. Res. 94 2004 559 565 (Pubitemid 38326292)
24. R.F. Furchgott, and J.V. Zawadzki The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine Nature 288 1980 373 376 (Pubitemid 11169009)
25. U. Alheid, J.C. Frolich, and U. Forstermann Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from cultured human endothelial cells inhibits aggregation of human platelets Thromb. Res. 47 1987 561 571 (Pubitemid 17141991)
26. M.W. Radomski, R.M. Palmer, and S. Moncada Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits human platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium Lancet 2 1987 1057 1058 (Pubitemid 17154788)
27. P. Kubes, M. Suzuki, and D.N. Granger Nitric oxide: an endogenous modulator of leukocyte adhesion Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88 1991 4651 4655 (Pubitemid 21914599)
28. D.J. Lefer Statins as potent antiinflammatory drugs Circulation 106 2002 2041 2042 (Pubitemid 35192806)
29. A.L.G. Nakano, G. Heusch, J.M. Downey, and M.V. Cohen Exogenous nitric oxide can trigger a preconditioned state through a free radical mechanism, but endogenous nitric oxide is not a trigger of classical ischemic preconditioning J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 32 2000 1159 1167
30. M.R. Duranski, J.W. Elrod, J.W. Calvert, N.S. Bryan, M. Feelisch, and D.J. Lefer Genetic overexpression of eNOS attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury Am. J. Physiol. 291 2006 H2980 H2986
31. S.P. Jones, and R. Bolli The ubiquitous role of nitric oxide in cardioprotection J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 40 2006 16 23 (Pubitemid 43012113)
32. J.J. Poderoso, M.C. Carreras, C. Lisdero, N. Riobo, F. Schopfer, and A. Boveris Nitric oxide inhibits electron transfer and increases superoxide radical production in rat heart mitochondria and submitochondrial particles Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 328 1996 85 92 (Pubitemid 26108173)
33. P. Brookes, and V.M. Darley-Usmar Hypothesis: the mitochondrial NO(*) signaling pathway, and the transduction of nitrosative to oxidative cell signals: an alternative function for cytochrome c oxidase Free Radic. Biol. Med. 32 2002 370 374 (Pubitemid 34159091)
34. P.S. Brookes, E.P. Salinas, K. Darley-Usmar, J.P. Eiserich, B.A. Freeman, V.M. Darley-Usmar, and P.G. Anderson Concentration-dependent effects of nitric oxide on mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochrome c release J. Biol. Chem. 275 2000 20474 20479 (Pubitemid 30457626)
35. L.S. Burwell, S.M. Nadtochiy, and P.S. Brookes Cardioprotection by metabolic shut-down and gradual wake-up J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 46 2009 804 810
36. Y.M. Kim, T.H. Kim, D.W. Seol, R.V. Talanian, and T.R. Billiar Nitric oxide suppression of apoptosis occurs in association with an inhibition of Bcl-2 cleavage and cytochrome c release J. Biol. Chem. 273 1998 31437 31441 (Pubitemid 28533163)
37. H.M. Honda, P. Korge, and J.N. Weiss Mitochondria and ischemia/reperfusion injury Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1047 2005 248 258 (Pubitemid 41123844)
38. M.N. Sack Mitochondrial depolarization and the role of uncoupling proteins in ischemia tolerance Cardiovasc. Res. 72 2006 210 219 (Pubitemid 44515171)
39. S. Shiva, Z. Huang, R. Grubina, J. Sun, L.A. Ringwood, P.H. MacArthur, X. Xu, E. Murphy, V.M. Darley-Usmar, and M.T. Gladwin Deoxymyoglobin is a nitrite reductase that generates nitric oxide and regulates mitochondrial respiration Circ. Res. 100 2007 654 661 (Pubitemid 46594879)
40. S. Shiva, M.N. Sack, J.J. Greer, M. Duranski, L.A. Ringwood, L. Burwell, X. Wang, P.H. MacArthur, A. Shoja, N. Raghavachari, J.W. Calvert, P.S. Brookes, D.J. Lefer, and M.T. Gladwin Nitrite augments tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury via the modulation of mitochondrial electron transfer J. Exp. Med. 204 2007 2089 2102 (Pubitemid 47360871)
41. C.D. Leaf, J.S. Wishnok, and S.R. Tannenbaum L-Arginine is a precursor for nitrate biosynthesis in humans Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 163 1989 1032 1037 (Pubitemid 19236953)
42. R.S. Dykhuizen, J. Masson, G. McKnight, A.N. Mowat, C.C. Smith, L.M. Smith, and N. Benjamin Plasma nitrate concentration in infective gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease Gut 39 1996 393 395 (Pubitemid 26338527)
43. J.B. Hibbs Jr., C. Westenfelder, R. Taintor, Z. Vavrin, C. Kablitz, R.L. Baranowski, J.H. Ward, R.L. Menlove, M.P. McMurry, and J.P. Kushner Evidence for cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthesis from L-arginine in patients receiving interleukin-2 therapy J. Clin. Invest. 89 1992 867 877
44. Y. Shi, H.Q. Li, C.K. Shen, J.H. Wang, S.W. Qin, R. Liu, and J. Pan Plasma nitric oxide levels in newborn infants with sepsis J. Pediatr. 123 1993 435 438 (Pubitemid 23258171)
45. J. Rodriguez, R.E. Maloney, T. Rassaf, N.S. Bryan, and M. Feelisch Chemical nature of nitric oxide storage forms in rat vascular tissue Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100 2003 336 341 (Pubitemid 36078075)
46. A. Dejam, C.J. Hunter, M.M. Pelletier, L.L. Hsu, R.F. Machado, S. Shiva, G.G. Power, M. Kelm, M.T. Gladwin, and A.N. Schechter Erythrocytes are the major intravascular storage sites of nitrite in human blood Blood 106 2005 734 739 (Pubitemid 40981274)
47. D. Kumar, B.G. Branch, C.B. Pattillo, J. Hood, S. Thoma, S. Simpson, S. Illum, N. Arora, J.H. Chidlow Jr., W. Langston, X. Teng, D.J. Lefer, R.P. Patel, and C.G. Kevil Chronic sodium nitrite therapy augments ischemia-induced angiogenesis and arteriogenesis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105 2008 7540 7545 (Pubitemid 351830054)
48. E.A. Jansson, L. Huang, R. Malkey, M. Govoni, C. Nihlen, A. Olsson, M. Stensdotter, J. Petersson, L. Holm, E. Weitzberg, L. Holm, and J.O. Lundberg A mammalian functional nitrate reductase that regulates nitrite and nitric oxide homeostasis Nat. Chem. Biol. 4 2008 411 417 (Pubitemid 351860549)
49. P.W. Goaz, and H.A. Biswell Nitrite reduction in whole saliva J. Dent. Res. 40 1961 355 365
50. J.O. Lundberg, E. Weitzberg, J.A. Cole, and N. Benjamin Nitrate, bacteria and human health Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2 2004 593 602 (Pubitemid 39200033)
51. B. Spiegelhalder, G. Eisenbrand, and R. Preussmann Influence of dietary nitrate on nitrite content of human saliva: possible relevance to in vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 14 1976 545 548 (Pubitemid 8050597)
52. S.R. Tannenbaum, A.J. Sinskey, M. Weisman, and W. Bishop Nitrite in human saliva: its possible relationship to nitrosamine formation J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 53 1974 79 84
53. J.M. van Maanen, A.A. van Geel, and J.C. Kleinjans Modulation of nitrate-nitrite conversion in the oral cavity Cancer Detect. Prev. 20 1996 590 596 (Pubitemid 27017069)
54. C. Duncan, H. Dougall, P. Johnston, S. Green, R. Brogan, C. Leifert, L. Smith, M. Golden, and N. Benjamin Chemical generation of nitric oxide in the mouth from the enterosalivary circulation of dietary nitrate Nat. Med. 1 1995 546 551
55. H. Li, C. Duncan, M. Golden, and C. Leifert Identification of nitrate reducing bacteria from the oral cavity of pigs and rats W.S. Wilson, A.S. Ball, R.H. Hinton, Managing Risks of Nitrates to Humans and the Environment 1999 Royal Chem. Soc Cambridge, UK 259 268
56. M. Govoni, E.A. Jansson, E. Weitzberg, and J.O. Lundberg The increase in plasma nitrite after a dietary nitrate load is markedly attenuated by an antibacterial mouthwash Nitric Oxide 19 2008 333 337
57. J.O. Lundberg, and M. Govoni Inorganic nitrate is a possible source for systemic generation of nitric oxide Free Radic. Biol. Med. 37 2004 395 400 (Pubitemid 38834005)
58. J.O. Lundberg, M. Feelisch, H. Bjorne, E.A. Jansson, and E. Weitzberg Cardioprotective effects of vegetables: is nitrate the answer? Nitric Oxide 15 2006 359 362 (Pubitemid 44647889)
59. N.G. Hord, Y. Tang, and N.S. Bryan Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 90 2009 1 10
60. M.N. Meah, N. Harrison, and A. Davies Nitrate and nitrite in foods and the diet Food Addit. Contam. 11 1994 519 532 (Pubitemid 24239398)
61. P. Vallance Dietary nitrate: poison or panacea? Gut 40 1997 288
62. R. Walker The metabolism of dietary nitrites and nitrates Biochem. Soc. Trans. 24 1996 780 785 (Pubitemid 26306298)
63. V. Norman, and C.H. Keith Nitrogen oxides in tobacco smoke Nature 205 1965 915 916
64. EFSA Nitrate in vegetables: scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in the food chain EFSA J. 689 2008 1 79
65. C.J. Johnson, and B.C. Kross Continuing importance of nitrate contamination of groundwater and wells in rural areas Am. J. Ind. Med. 18 1990 449 456 (Pubitemid 20355060)
66. P. Vallance, and N. Chan Endothelial function and nitric oxide: clinical relevance Heart 85 2001 342 350 (Pubitemid 32973574)
67. K. Yoshida, K. Kasama, M. Kitabatake, and M. Imai Biotransformation of nitric oxide, nitrite and nitrate Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 52 1983 103 115 (Pubitemid 13037333)
68. M. Kelm Nitric oxide metabolism and breakdown Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bioenerg. 1411 1999 273 289 (Pubitemid 29221955)
69. C.C. Hunault, A.G. van Velzen, A.J. Sips, R.C. Schothorst, and J. Meulenbelt Bioavailability of sodium nitrite from an aqueous solution in healthy adults Toxicol. Lett. 190 2009 48 53
70. D.R. Janero, N.S. Bryan, F. Saijo, V. Dhawan, D.J. Schwalb, M.C. Warren, and M. Feelisch Differential nitros(yl)ation of blood and tissue constituents during glyceryl trinitrate biotransformation in vivo Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 2004 16958 16963 (Pubitemid 39601346)
71. D.A. Vitturi, X. Teng, J.C. Toledo, S. Matalon, J.R. Lancaster Jr., and R.P. Patel Regulation of nitrite transport in red blood cells by hemoglobin oxygen fractional saturation Am. J. Physiol. 296 2009 H1398 H1407
72. M. Carlström, F.J. Larsen, T. Nystrom, M. Hezel, S. Borniquel, E. Weitzberg, and J.O. Lundberg Dietary inorganic nitrate reverses features of metabolic syndrome in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 2010 17716 17720
73. J.O. Lundberg, and E. Weitzberg NO generation from nitrite and its role in vascular control Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25 2005 915 922 (Pubitemid 40627834)
74. J. Haldane The red colour of salted meat J. Hyg. 1 1901 115 122
75. J. Brooks The action of nitrite on haemoglobin in the absence of oxygen Proc. R. Soc. Med. 123 1937 368 382
76. L.J. Ignarro, J.M. Fukuto, J.M. Griscavage, N.E. Rogers, and R.E. Byrns Oxidation of nitric oxide in aqueous solution to nitrite but not nitrate: comparison with enzymatically formed nitric oxide from L-arginine Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90 1993 8103 8107 (Pubitemid 23260863)
77. R.F. Eich, T. Li, D.D. Lemon, D.H. Doherty, S.R. Curry, J.F. Aitken, A.J. Mathews, K.A. Johnson, R.D. Smith, G.N. Phillips Jr., and J.S. Olson Mechanism of NO-induced oxidation of myoglobin and hemoglobin Biochemistry 35 1996 6976 6983 (Pubitemid 26182085)
78. S. Shiva, X. Wang, L.A. Ringwood, X. Xu, S. Yuditskaya, V. Annavajjhala, H. Miyajima, N. Hogg, Z.L. Harris, and M.T. Gladwin Ceruloplasmin is a NO oxidase and nitrite synthase that determines endocrine NO homeostasis Nat. Chem. Biol. 2 2006 486 493 (Pubitemid 44266311)
79. X. Wang, J.E. Tanus-Santos, C.D. Reiter, A. Dejam, S. Shiva, R.D. Smith, N. Hogg, and M.T. Gladwin Biological activity of nitric oxide in the plasmatic compartment Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 2004 11477 11482 (Pubitemid 39038372)
80. C. Heiss, A. Dejam, P. Kleinbongard, T. Schewe, H. Sies, and M. Kelm Vascular effects of cocoa rich in flavan-3-ols JAMA 290 2003 1030 1031 (Pubitemid 37430442)
81. T. Rassaf, P. Kleinbongard, M. Preik, A. Dejam, P. Gharini, T. Lauer, J. Erckenbrecht, A. Duschin, R. Schulz, G. Heusch, M. Feelisch, and M. Kelm Plasma nitrosothiols contribute to the systemic vasodilator effects of intravenously applied NO: experimental and clinical study on the fate of NO in human blood Circ. Res. 91 2002 470 477
82. N.S. Bryan, and M.B. Grisham Methods to detect nitric oxide and its metabolites in biological samples Free Radic. Biol. Med. 43 2007 645 657 (Pubitemid 47102118)
83. J.W. Calvert, and D.J. Lefer Clinical translation of nitrite therapy for cardiovascular diseases Nitric Oxide 22 2010 91 97
84. J.L. Zweier, P. Wang, and P. Kuppusamy Direct measurement of nitric oxide generation in the ischemic heart using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy J. Biol. Chem. 270 1995 304 307
85. N. Benjamin, and P. Vallance Plasma nitrite as a marker of nitric oxide production Lancet 344 1994 960 (Pubitemid 24295907)
86. J.O. Lundberg, P.M. Hellstrom, J.M. Lundberg, and K. Alving Greatly increased luminal nitric oxide in ulcerative colitis Lancet 344 1994 1673 1674 (Pubitemid 24371099)
87. C.J. Hunter, A. Dejam, A.B. Blood, H. Shields, D.B. Kim-Shapiro, R.F. Machado, S. Tarekegn, N. Mulla, A.O. Hopper, A.N. Schechter, G.G. Power, and M.T. Gladwin Inhaled nebulized nitrite is a hypoxia-sensitive NO-dependent selective pulmonary vasodilator Nat. Med. 10 2004 1122 1127 (Pubitemid 39424875)
88. C.L. Walters, and A.M. Taylor Pig-heart myoglobin and its derivatives with nitric oxide Biochim. Biophys. Acta 82 1964 420 422
89. A. Webb, R. Bond, P. McLean, R. Uppal, N. Benjamin, and A. Ahluwalia Reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide during ischemia protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 2004 13683 13688 (Pubitemid 39238463)
90. Z. Zhang, D. Naughton, P.G. Winyard, N. Benjamin, D.R. Blake, and M.C. Symons Generation of nitric oxide by a nitrite reductase activity of xanthine oxidase: a potential pathway for nitric oxide formation in the absence of nitric oxide synthase activity Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 249 1998 767 772 (Pubitemid 28441913)
91. J.O. Lundberg, S. Carlsson, L. Engstrand, E. Morcos, N.P. Wiklund, and E. Weitzberg Urinary nitrite: more than a marker of infection Urology 50 1997 189 191 (Pubitemid 27339931)
92. A. Modin, H. Bjorne, M. Herulf, K. Alving, E. Weitzberg, and J.O. Lundberg Nitrite-derived nitric oxide: a possible mediator of 'acidic-metabolic' vasodilation Acta Physiol. Scand. 171 2001 9 16 (Pubitemid 32324395)
93. H.H. Bjorne, J. Petersson, M. Phillipson, E. Weitzberg, L. Holm, and J.O. Lundberg Nitrite in saliva increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucus thickness J. Clin. Invest. 113 2004 106 114 (Pubitemid 38541637)
94. M. Larauche, P.M. Anton, R. Garcia-Villar, V. Theodorou, J. Frexinos, L. Bueno, and J. Fioramonti Protective effect of dietary nitrate on experimental gastritis in rats Br. J. Nutr. 89 2003 777 786 (Pubitemid 36798253)
95. M. Miyoshi, E. Kasahara, A.M. Park, K. Hiramoto, Y. Minamiyama, S. Takemura, E.F. Sato, and M. Inoue Dietary nitrate inhibits stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in the rat Free. Radic. Res. 37 2003 85 90 (Pubitemid 36124334)
96. C. Duncan, H. Dougall, P. Johnston, S. Green, R. Brogan, C. Leifert, L. Smith, M. Golden, and N. Benjamin Chemical generation of nitric oxide in the mouth from the enterosalivary circulation of dietary nitrate Nat. Med. 1 1995 564-551
97. J.O. Lundberg, E. Weitzberg, J.M. Lundberg, and K. Alving Intragastric nitric oxide production in humans: measurements in expelled air Gut 35 1994 1543 1546 (Pubitemid 24339249)
98. E. Weitzberg, and J.O. Lundberg Nonenzymatic nitric oxide production in humans Nitric Oxide 2 1998 1 7 (Pubitemid 28371225)
99. C.E. Berry, and J.M. Hare Xanthine oxidoreductase and cardiovascular disease: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological implications J. Physiol. 555 2004 589 606 (Pubitemid 38404582)
100. B.L. Godber, J.J. Doel, G.P. Sapkota, D.R. Blake, C.R. Stevens, R. Eisenthal, and R. Harrison Reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide catalyzed by xanthine oxidoreductase J. Biol. Chem. 275 2000 7757 7763 (Pubitemid 30159680)
101. T.M. Millar, C.R. Stevens, N. Benjamin, R. Eisenthal, R. Harrison, and D.R. Blake Xanthine oxidoreductase catalyses the reduction of nitrates and nitrite to nitric oxide under hypoxic conditions FEBS Lett. 427 1998 225 228 (Pubitemid 28225062)
102. Z.A. Alikulov, N.P. L'Vov, and V.L. Kretovich Nitrate and nitrite reductase activity of milk xanthine oxidase Biokhimiia 45 1980 1714 1718
103. M. Trujillo, M.N. Alvarez, G. Peluffo, B.A. Freeman, and R. Radi Xanthine oxidase-mediated decomposition of S-nitrosothiols J. Biol. Chem. 273 1998 7828 7834 (Pubitemid 28168826)
104. C.I. Lee, X. Liu, and J.L. Zweier Regulation of xanthine oxidase by nitric oxide and peroxynitrite J. Biol. Chem. 275 2000 9369 9376 (Pubitemid 30185161)
105. M.S. Joschi, T.B. Ferguson Jr., T.H. Han, D.R. Hyduke, J.C. Liao, T. Rassaf, N. Bryan, M. Feelisch, and J.R. Lancaster Jr. Nitric oxide is consumed, rather than conserved, by reaction with oxyhemoglobin under physiological conditions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99 2002 10341 10346
106. K.T. Huang, A. Keszler, N. Patel, R.P. Patel, M.T. Gladwin, D.B. Kim-Shapiro, and N. Hogg The reaction between nitrite and deoxyhemoglobin: reassessment of reaction kinetics and stoichiometry J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 31126 31131 (Pubitemid 41291848)
107. Z. Huang, S. Shiva, D.B. Kim-Shapiro, R.P. Patel, L.A. Ringwood, C.E. Irby, K.T. Huang, C. Ho, N. Hogg, A.N. Schechter, and M.T. Gladwin Enzymatic function of hemoglobin as a nitrite reductase that produces NO under allosteric control J. Clin. Invest. 115 2005 2099 2107 (Pubitemid 41134151)
108. E. Nagababu, S. Ramasamy, D.R. Abernethy, and J.M. Rifkind Active nitrite oxide produced in the red cell under hypoxic conditions by deoxyhemoglobin- mediated nitrite reduction J. Biol. Chem. 278 2003 46349 46356 (Pubitemid 37452205)
109. J.H. Crawford, T.S. Isbell, Z. Huang, S. Shiva, B.K. Chacko, A.N. Schechter, V.M. Darley-Usmar, J.D. Kerby, J.D. Lang Jr., D. Kraus, C. Ho, M.T. Gladwin, and R.P. Patel Hypoxia, red blood cells, and nitrite regulate NO-dependent hypoxic vasodilation Blood 107 2006 566 574 (Pubitemid 43076380)
110. R.P. Patel, N. Hogg, and D.B. Kim-Shapiro The potential role of the red blood cell in nitrite-dependent regulation of blood flow Cardiovasc. Res. 89 2011 507 515
111. P.H. McNulty, S. Scott, V. Kehoe, M. Kozak, L.I. Sinoway, and J. Li Nitrite consumption in ischemic rat heart catalyzed by distinct blood-borne and tissue factors Am. J. Physiol. 295 2008 H2143 H2148
112. J.O. Ormerod, H. Ashrafian, A.R. Maher, S. Arif, V. Steeples, G.V. Born, S. Egginton, M. Feelisch, H. Watkins, and M.P. Frenneaux The role of vascular myoglobin in nitrite-mediated blood vessel relaxation Cardiovasc. Res. 89 2011 560 565
113. T. Rassaf, U. Flogel, C. Drexhage, U. Hendgen-Cotta, M. Kelm, and J. Schrader Nitrite reductase function of deoxymyoglobin: oxygen sensor and regulator of cardiac energetics and function Circ. Res. 100 2007 1749 1754 (Pubitemid 46987867)
114. U.B. Hendgen-Cotta, M.W. Merx, S. Shiva, J. Schmitz, S. Becher, J.P. Klare, H.J. Steinhoff, A. Goedecke, J. Schrader, M.T. Gladwin, M. Kelm, and T. Rassaf Nitrite reductase activity of myoglobin regulates respiration and cellular viability in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105 2008 10256 10261
115. M.G. Petersen, S. Dewilde, and A. Fago Reactions of ferrous neuroglobin and cytoglobin with nitrite under anaerobic conditions J. Inorg. Biochem. 102 2008 1777 1782
116. I.H. Burger, and C.L. Walters Interaction of nitrite with mammalian mitochondrial cytochromes Biochem. J. 123 1971 9P
117. D.J. Meyer Enzymatic/non-enzymatic formation of nitric oxide Nat. Med. 1 1995 1103 1104
118. P.R. Castello, P.S. David, T. McClure, Z. Crook, and R.O. Poyton Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidaseproduces nitric oxide under hypoxic conditions: implications for oxygen sensing and hypoxic signaling in eukaryotes Cell Metab 3 4 2006 Apr 277 287
119. C.L. Walters, and A.M. Taylor The reduction of nitrite by skeletal-muscle mitochondria Biochim. Biophys. Acta 96 1965 522 524
120. V.P. Reutov, and E.G. Sorokina NO-synthase and nitrite-reductase components of nitric oxide cycle Biochemistry 63 1998 874 884 (Pubitemid 128588117)
121. A. Kozlov, K. Staniek, and H. Nohl Nitrite reductase activity is a novel function of mammalian mitochondria FEBS Lett. 454 1999 127 130 (Pubitemid 29296938)
122. H. Nohl, K. Staniek, B. Sobhian, S. Bahrami, H. Redl, and A.V. Kozlov Mitochondria recycle nitrite back to the bioregulator nitric monoxide Acta Biochim. Pol. 47 2000 913 921
123. S. Basu, N.A. Azarova, M.D. Font, S.B. King, N. Hogg, M.T. Gladwin, S. Shiva, and D.B. Kim-Shapiro Nitrite reductase activity of cytochrome c J. Biol. Chem. 283 2008 32590 32597
124. F.J. Larsen, E. Weitzberg, J.O. Lundberg, and B. Ekbolm Effects of dietary nitrate on oxygen cost during exercise Acta Physiol. (Oxf) 191 2007 59 66 (Pubitemid 47221195)
125. F.J. Larsen, E. Weitzberg, J.O. Lundberg, and B. Ekbolm Dietary nitrate reduces maximal oxygen consumption while maintaining work performance in maximal exercise Free Radic. Biol. Med. 48 2010 342 347
126. 2 cost of low-intesity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans J. Appl. Physiol. 107 2009 1144 1155
127. S.J. Bailey, J. Fulford, A. Vanhatalo, P.G. Winyard, J.R. Blackwell, F.J. DiMenna, D.P. Wilkerson, N. Benjamin, and A.M. Jones Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances muscle contractile efficiency during knee-extensor excercise in humans J. Appl. Physiol. 109 2010 135 148
128. 2 cost of walking and running: a placebo-controlled study J. Appl. Physiol. 110 2011 591 600
129. F.J. Larsen, T.A. Schiffer, S. Borniquel, K. Sahlin, B. Ekblom, J.O. Lundberg, and E. Weitzberg Dietary inorganic nitrate improves mitochondrial efficiency in humans Cell Metab. 13 2011 149 159
130. F. Cutruzzola, S. Rinaldo, N. Castiglione, G. Giardina, I. Pecht, and M. Brunori Nitrite reduction: a ubiquitous function from a pre-aerobic past Bioessays 31 2009 885 891
131. R. Aamand, T. Dalsgaard, F.B. Jensen, U. Simonsen, A. Roepstorff, and A. Fago Generation of nitric oxide from nitrite by carbonic anhydrase: a possible link between metabolic activity and vasodilation Am. J. Physiol. 297 2009 H2068 H2074
132. A.M. Badejo Jr., C. Hodnette, J.S. Dhaliwal, D.B. Casey, E. Pankey, S.N. Murthy, B.D. Nossaman, A.L. Hyman, and P.J. Kadowitz Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase mediates vasodilator responses of glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitrite in the pulmonary vascular bed of the rat Am. J. Physiol. 299 2010 H819 H826
133. A.F. Vanin, L.M. Bevers, A. Slama-Schwok, and E.E. van Faassen Nitric oxide synthase reduces nitrite to NO under anoxia Cell Mol. Life Sci. 64 2007 96 103 (Pubitemid 46159448)
134. R. Gracia, and G. Shepard Cyanide poisoning and its treatment Pharmacotherapy 24 2004 1358 1365 (Pubitemid 39304999)
135. S.I. Baskin, A.M. Horowitz, and E.W. Nealley The antidotal action of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate against cyanide poisoning J. Clin. Pharmacol. 32 1992 368 375
136. D.M. Beasley, and W.I. Glass Cyanide poisoning: pathophysiology and treatment recommendations Occup. Med. (Lond) 48 1998 427 431 (Pubitemid 28563190)
137. J.F. Arnal, A.T. Dinh-Xuan, M. Pueyo, B. Darblade, and J. Rami Endothelium-derived nitric oxide and vascular physiology and pathology Cell Mol. Life Sci. 55 1999 1078 1087 (Pubitemid 29361074)
138. H. Li, and U. Forstermann Nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of vascular disease J. Pathol. 190 2000 244 254 (Pubitemid 30141371)
139. A.J. Maxwell, and J.P. Cooke The role of nitric oxide in atherosclerosis Coron. Artery Dis. 10 1999 277 286 (Pubitemid 29348954)
140. K.M. Naseem The role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular diseases Mol. Aspects Med. 26 2005 33 65 (Pubitemid 40250164)
141. M.B. Grisham, D.N. Granger, and D.J. Lefer Modulation of leukocyte-endothelial interactions by reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen: relevance to ischemic heart diseases Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25 1998 404 433 (Pubitemid 28390298)
142. J.S. Beckman, and K.A. Congert Direct measurement of dilute nitric oxide in solution with an ozone chemiluminescent detector Methods 7 1995 35 39
143. B. Kalyanaraman Detection of nitric oxide by electron spin resonance in chemical, photochemical, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological systems Methods Enzymol. 268 1996 168 187 (Pubitemid 26286359)
144. A. Tiscornia, E. Cairoli, M. Marquez, A. Denicola, O. Pritsch, and A. Cayota Use of diaminofluoresceins to detect and measure nitric oxide in low level generating human immune cells J. Immunol. Methods 342 2009 49 57
145. D. Zhang, J. Xiong, J. Hu, Y. Li, and B. Zhao Improved method to detect nitric oxide in biological systems Appl. Magn. Reson. 20 2001 345 356
146. J.F. Ewing, and D.R. Janero Specific S-nitrosothiol (thionitrite) quantification as solution nitrite after vanadium(III) reduction and ozone-chemiluminescent detection Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25 1998 621 628 (Pubitemid 28390319)
147. J.R. Laver, T.M. Stevanin, and R.C. Read Chemiluminescence quantification of NO and its derivatives in liquid samples Methods Enzymol. 436 2008 113 127
148. T. Lauer, M. Preik, T. Rassaf, B.E. Strauer, A. Deussen, M. Feelisch, and M. Kelm Plasma nitrite rather than nitrate reflects regional endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity but lacks intrinsic vasodilator action Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 2001 12814 12819 (Pubitemid 33020027)
149. A. Dejam, C.J. Hunter, C. Tremonti, R.M. Pluta, Y.Y. Hon, G. Grimes, K. Partovi, M.M. Pelletier, E.H. Oldfield, R.O. Cannon 3rd, A.N. Schechter, and M.T. Gladwin Nitrite infusion in humans and nonhuman primates: endocrine effects, pharmacokinetics, and tolerance formation Circulation 116 2007 1821 1831 (Pubitemid 350287107)
150. M.C. Kohn, R.L. Melnick, F. Ye, and C.J. Portier Pharmacokinetics of sodium nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia in the rat Drug Metab. Dispos. 30 2002 676 683 (Pubitemid 34579102)
151. National Toxicology Program Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of sodium nitrite (CAS NO. 7632-00-0) F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies) Technical Report Series 495 2001 National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda 7 273
152. M.T. Gladwin Evidence mounts that nitrite contributes to hypoxic vasodilation in the human circulation Circulation 117 2008 594 597
153. M.T. Gladwin, N.J. Raat, S. Shiva, C. Dezfulian, N. Hogg, D.B. Kim-Shapiro, and R.P. Patel Nitrite as a vascular endocrine nitric oxide reservoir that contributes to hypoxic signaling, cytoprotection, and
154. A.R. Maher, A.B. Milsom, P. Gunaruwan, K. Abozguia, I. Ahmed, R.A. Weaver, P. Thomas, H. Ashrafian, G.V. Born, P.E. James, and M.P. Frenneaux Hypoxic modulation of exogenous nitrite-induced vasodilation in humans Circulation 117 2008 670 677
155. E.A. Demoncheaux, T.W. Higenbottam, P.J. Foster, C.D. Borland, A.P. Smith, H.M. Marriott, D. Bee, S. Akamine, and M.B. Davies Circulating nitrite anions are a directly acting vasodilator and are donors for nitric oxide Clin. Sci. (Lond) 102 2002 77 83 (Pubitemid 34177803)
156. C. Dezfulian, N. Raat, S. Shiva, and M.T. Gladwin Role of the anion nitrite in ischemia-reperfusion cytoprotection and therapeutics Cardiovasc. Res. 75 2007 327 338 (Pubitemid 46961934)
157. M.R. Duranski, J.J. Greer, A. Dejam, S. Jaganmohan, N. Hogg, W. Langston, R.P. Patel, S.F. Yet, X. Wang, C.G. Kevil, M.T. Gladwin, and D.J. Lefer Cytoprotective effects of nitrite during in vivo ischemia-reperfusion of the heart and liver J. Clin. Invest. 115 2005 1232 1240 (Pubitemid 40629041)
158. K.H. Jung, K. Chu, S.Y. Ko, S.T. Lee, D.I. Sinn, D.K. Park, J.M. Kim, E.C. Song, M. Kim, and J.K. Roh Early intravenous infusion of sodium nitrite protects brain against in vivo ischemia-reperfusion injury Stroke 37 2006 2744 2750 (Pubitemid 44922536)
159. M. Basireddy, T.S. Isbell, X. Teng, R.P. Patel, and A. Agarwal Effects of sodium nitrite on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat kidney Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 290 2006 F779 F786
160. P. Tripatara, N.S. Patel, A. Webb, K. Rathod, F.M. Lecomte, E. Mazzon, S. Cuzzocrea, M.M. Yaqoob, A. Ahluwalia, and C. Thiemermann Nitrite-derived nitric oxide protects the rat kidney against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo: role for xanthine oxidoreductase J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18 2007 570 580 (Pubitemid 46193322)
161. F.M. Gonzalez, S. Shiva, P.S. Vincent, L.A. Ringwood, L.Y. Hsu, Y.Y. Hon, A.H. Aletras, R.O. Cannon 3rd, M.T. Gladwin, and A.E. Arai Nitrite anion provides potent cytoprotective and antiapoptotic effects as adjunctive therapy to reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction Circulation 117 2008 2986 2994
162. C.G. Kevil, and D.J. Lefer Review focus on inorganic nitrite and nitrate in cardiovascular health and disease Cardiovasc. Res. 89 2011 489 491
163. C. Jung, A.T. Gonon, P.O. Sjoquist, J.O. Lundberg, and J. Pernow Arginase inhibition mediates cardioprotection during ischaemia-reperfusion Cardiovasc. Res. 85 2010 147 154
164. N.S. Bryan, J.W. Calvert, J.W. Elrod, S. Gundewar, S.Y. Ji, and D.J. Lefer Dietary nitrite supplementation protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104 2007 19144 19149
165. J.W. Elrod, J.W. Calvert, S. Gundewar, N.S. Bryan, and D.J. Lefer Nitric oxide promotes distant organ protection: evidence for an endocrine role of nitric oxide Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105 2008 11430 11435
166. J. Zhan, A. Nakao, R. Sugimoto, R. Dhupar, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, T.R. Billiar, and K.R. McCurry Orally administered nitrite attenuates cardiac allograft rejection in rats Surgery 146 2009 155 165
167. J.D. Lang Jr., X. Teng, P. Chumley, J.H. Crawford, T.S. Isbell, B.K. Chacko, Y. Liu, N. Jhala, D.R. Crowe, A.B. Smith, R.C. Cross, L. Frenette, E.E. Kelley, D.W. Wilhite, C.R. Hall, G.P. Page, M.B. Fallon, J.S. Bynon, D.E. Eckhoff, and R.P. Patel Inhaled NO accelerates restoration of liver function in adults following orthotopic liver transplantation J. Clin. Invest. 117 2007 2583 2591 (Pubitemid 47494359)
168. W. Li, Z.H. Meng, Y.L. Liu, J.D. Reyes, and J.D. Lang The protective effect of nitrite on liver cold ischemia reperfusion injury Liver Transpl. 15 2009 S236
169. O. Hudlicka, and M.D. Brown Adaptation of skeletal muscle microvasculature to increased or decreased blood flow: role of shear stress, nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor J. Vasc. Res. 46 2009 504 512
170. G. Pignataro, A. Scorziello, G. Di Renzo, and L. Annunziato Post-ischemic brain damage: effect of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning and identification of potential candidates for stroke therapy FEBS J. 276 2009 46 57
171. P.K. Venkatesh, C.B. Pattillo, B. Branch, J. Hood, S. Thoma, S. Illum, S. Pardue, X. Teng, R.P. Patel, and C.G. Kevil Dipyridamole enhances ischaemia-induced arteriogenesis through an endocrine nitrite/nitric oxide-dependent pathway Cardiovasc. Res. 85 2010 661 670
172. F. Lombardi, and R. Rambaldi Coronary angiogenesis: dipyridamole is back on the stage? Eur. Heart J. 22 2001 1151 1153 (Pubitemid 32702950)
173. K. Mannava, and S.R. Money Current management of peripheral arterial occlusive disease: a review of pharmacologic agents and other interventions Am. J. Cardiovasc. Drugs 7 2007 59 66 (Pubitemid 46698515)
174. J.D. Allen, E.M. Miller, E. Schwark, J.L. Robbins, B.D. Duscha, and B.H. Annex Plasma nitrite response and arterial reactivity differentiate vascular health and performance Nitric Oxide 20 2009 231 237
175. J.D. Allen, T. Stabler, A. Kenjale, K.L. Ham, J.L. Robbins, B.D. Duscha, D.A. Dobrosielski, and B.H. Annex Plasma nitrite flux predicts exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease after 3 months of exercise training Free Radic. Biol. Med. 49 2010 1138 1144
176. A.A. Kenjale, K.L. Ham, T. Stabler, J.L. Robbins, J.L. Johnson, M. Vanbruggen, G. Privette, E. Yim, W.E. Kraus, J.D. Allen, Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease. J Appl Physiol 2011 Mar 31 [Electronic publication ahead of print].
177. J.R. Eckman, and S.H. Embury Sickle cell anemia pathophysiology: back to the data Am. J. Hematol. 86 2011 121 122
178. I. Rusanova, G. Escames, G. Cossio, R.G. de Borace, B. Moreno, M. Chahboune, L.C. Lopez, T. Diez, and D. Acuna-Castroviejo Oxidative stress status, clinical outcome, and beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease Eur. J. Haematol. 85 2010 529 537
179. G.J. Kato, and M.T. Gladwin Evolution of novel small-molecule therapeutics targeting sickle cell vasculopathy JAMA 300 2008 2638 2646
180. M.J. Stuart, and R.L. Nagel Sickle-cell disease Lancet 364 2004 1343 1360 (Pubitemid 39335827)
181. J.D. Belcher, C.J. Bryant, J. Nguyen, P.R. Bowlin, M.C. Kielbik, J.C. Bischof, R.P. Hebbel, and G.M. Vercellotti Transgenic sickle mice have vascular inflammation Blood 101 2003 3953 3959 (Pubitemid 36857872)
182. L. Belhassen, G. Pelle, S. Sediame, D. Bachir, C. Carville, C. Bucherer, C. Lacombe, F. Galacteros, and S. Adnot Endothelial dysfunction in patients with sickle cell disease is related to selective impairment of shear stress-mediated vasodilation Blood 97 2001 1584 1589 (Pubitemid 32217221)
183. M. de Montalembert, Y. Aggoun, A. Niakate, I. Szezepanski, and D. Bonnet Endothelial-dependent vasodilation is impaired in children with sickle cell disease Haematologica 92 2007 1709 1710 (Pubitemid 350248255)
184. R.T. Eberhardt, L. McMahon, S.J. Duffy, M.H. Steinberg, S.P. Perrine, J. Loscalzo, J.D. Coffman, and J.A. Vita Sickle cell anemia is associated with reduced nitric oxide bioactivity in peripheral conduit and resistance vessels Am. J. Hematol. 74 2003 104 111 (Pubitemid 37187726)
185. K.A. Nath, V. Shah, J.J. Haggard, A.J. Croatt, L.A. Smith, R.P. Hebbel, and Z.S. Katusic Mechanisms of vascular instability in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279 2000 R1949 R1955
186. C.D. Reiter, X. Wang, J.E. Tanus-Santos, N. Hogg, R.O. Cannon 3rd, A.N. Schechter, and M.T. Gladwin Cell-free hemoglobin limits nitric oxide bioavailability in sickle-cell disease Nat. Med. 8 2002 1383 1389 (Pubitemid 36019423)
187. M. Nahavandi, F. Tavakkoli, R.M. Millis, M.Q. Wyche, M.J. Habib, and N. Tavakoli Effects of hydroxyurea and L-arginine on the production of nitric oxide metabolites in cultures of normal and sickle erythrocytes Hematology (Amsterdam) 11 2006 291 294 (Pubitemid 44963708)
188. A.K. Mack, V.R. McGowan Ii, C.K. Tremonti, D. Ackah, C. Barnett, R.F. Machado, M.T. Gladwin, and G.J. Kato Sodium nitrite promotes regional blood flow in patients with sickle cell disease: a phase I/II study Br. J. Haematol. 142 2008 971 978
189. F. Pearse The treatment of paroxysmal nerve disorders Practitioner 46 1891 29 32
190. I. Ziment History of the treatment of chronic bronchitis Respiration 58 Suppl. 1 1991 37 42
191. F.J. Larsen, B. Ekblom, K. Sahlin, J.O. Lundberg, and E. Weitzberg Effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure in healthy volunteers N. Engl. J. Med. 355 2006 2792 2793 (Pubitemid 46021534)
192. A.J. Webb, N. Patel, S. Loukogeorgakis, M. Okorie, Z. Aboud, S. Misra, R. Rashid, P. Miall, J. Deanfield, N. Benjamin, R. MacAllister, A.J. Hobbs, and A. Ahluwalia Acute blood pressure lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via bioconversion to nitrite Hypertension 51 2008 784 790 (Pubitemid 351301536)
193. J.R. Anderson, and J.J. Nawarskas Pharmacotherapeutic management of pulmonary arterial hypertension Cardiol. Rev. 18 2010 148 162
194. G.V. Ramani, and M.H. Park Update on the clinical utility of sildenafil in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 4 2010 61 70
195. M.S. Wolin, S.A. Gupte, C.J. Mingone, B.H. Neo, Q. Gao, and M. Ahmad Redox regulation of responses to hypoxia and NO-cGMP signaling in pulmonary vascular pathophysiology Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1203 2010 126 132
196. D.B. Casey, A.M. Badejo Jr., J.S. Dhaliwal, S.N. Murthy, A.L. Hyman, B.D. Nossaman, and P.J. Kadowitz Pulmonary vasodilator responses to sodium nitrite are mediated by an allopurinol-sensitive mechanism in the rat Am. J. Physiol. 296 2009 H524 H533
197. T.E. Ingram, A.G. Pinder, D.M. Bailey, A.G. Fraser, and P.E. James Low-dose sodium nitrite vasodilates hypoxic human pulmonary vasculature by a means that is not dependent on a simultaneous elevation in plasma nitrite Am. J. Physiol. 298 2010 H331 H339
198. B.S. Zuckerbraun, S. Shiva, E. Ifedigbo, M.A. Mathier, K.P. Mollen, J. Rao, P.M. Bauer, J.J. Choi, E. Curtis, A.M. Choi, and M.T. Gladwin Nitrite potently inhibits hypoxic and inflammatory pulmonary artery hypertension and smooth muscle proliferation via xanthine oxidoreductase-dependent nitric oxide generation Circulation 121 2010 98 109
199. C. Rodriguez, D.A. Vitturi, J. He, M. Vandromme, A. Brandon, A. Hutchings, L.W. Rue, J.D. Kerby, and R.P. Patel Sodium nitrite therapy attenuates the hypertensive effects of HBOC-201 via nitrite reduction Biochem. J. 422 2009 423 432
200. R.M. Pluta, C.S. Jung, J. Harvey-White, A. Whitehead, S. Shilad, M.G. Espey, and E.H. Oldfield In vitro and in vivo effects of probucol on hydrolysis of asymmetric dimethyl L-arginine and vasospasm in primates J. Neurosurg. 103 2005 731 738 (Pubitemid 43193882)
201. S.S. Yoon, R. Coakley, G.W. Lau, S.V. Lymar, B. Gaston, A.C. Karabulut, R.F. Hennigan, S.H. Hwang, G. Buettner, M.J. Schurr, J.E. Mortensen, J.L. Burns, D. Speert, R.C. Boucher, and D.J. Hassett Anaerobic killing of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa by acidified nitrite derivatives under cystic fibrosis airway conditions J. Clin. Invest. 116 2006 436 446 (Pubitemid 43228361)
202. M. Anyim, N. Benjamin, and M. Wilks Acidified nitrite as a potential antifungal agent Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 26 2005 85 87 (Pubitemid 40854123)
203. R. Philips, S. Kuikper, N. Benjamin, M. Wansbrough-Jones, M. Wilks, and A.H. Kolk In vitro killing of Mycobacterium ulcerans by acidified nitrite Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48 2004 3130 3132 (Pubitemid 38989186)
204. R.P. Allaker, L.S. Silva Mendez, J.M. Hardie, and N. Benjamin Antimicrobial effect of acidified nitrite on periodontal bacteria Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 16 2001 253 256 (Pubitemid 32657016)
205. R. Weller, R.J. Price, A.D. Ormerod, N. Benjamin, and C. Leifert Antimicrobial effect of acidified nitrite on dermatophyte fungi candida and bacterial skin pathogens J. Appl. Microbiol. 90 2001 648 652 (Pubitemid 32291268)
206. R.S. Dykhuizen, A. Fraser, H. McKenzie, M. Golden, C. Leifert, and N. Benjamin Helicobacter pylori is killed by nitrite under acidic conditions Gut 42 1998 334 337 (Pubitemid 28197020)
207. R. Weller, A.D. Ormerod, R.P. Hobson, and N.J. Benjamin A randomized trial of acidified nitrite cream in the treatment of tinea pedis J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 38 1998 559 563 (Pubitemid 28182924)
208. T.A. Major, W. Panmanee, J.E. Mortensen, L.D. Gray, N. Hoglen, and D.J. Hassett Sodium nitrite-mediated killing of the major cystic fibrosis pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Burkholderia cepacia under anaerobic planktonic and biofilm conditions Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54 2010 4671 4677
209. S. Carlsson, M. Govoni, N.P. Wiklund, E. Weitzberg, and J.O. Lundberg In vitro evaluation of a new treatment for urinary tract infections caused by nitrate-reducing bacteria Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47 2003 3713 3718 (Pubitemid 37484977)
210. G. Kolios, V. Valatas, and S.G. Ward Nitric oxide in inflammatory bowel disease: a universal messenger in an unsolved puzzle Immunology 113 2004 427 437 (Pubitemid 39593361)
211. A. Cauwels, and P. Brouckaert Nitrite regulation of shock Cardiovasc. Res. 89 2011 553 559
212. L. Connelly, M. Madhani, and A.J. Hobbs Resistance to endotoxic shock in endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) knock-out mice: a pro-inflammatory role for eNOS-derived NO in vivo J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 10040 10046 (Pubitemid 40395855)
213. A. Cauwels Nitric oxide in shock Kidney Int. 72 2007 557 565 (Pubitemid 47312788)
214. F. Feihl, B. Waeber, and L. Liaudet Is nitric oxide overproduction the target of choice for the management of septic shock? Pharmacol. Ther. 91 2001 179 213 (Pubitemid 34017505)
215. E.S. Buys, A. Cauwels, M.J. Raher, J.J. Passeri, I. Hobai, S.M. Cawley, K.M. Rauwerdink, H. Thibault, P.Y. Sips, R. Thoonen, M. Scherrer-Crosbie, F. Ichinose, P. Brouckaert, and K.D. Bloch sGC(alpha)1(beta)1 attenuates cardiac dysfunction and mortality in murine inflammatory shock models Am. J. Physiol. 297 2009 H654 H663
216. M.A. Creager, S.J. Gallagher, X.J. Girerd, S.M. Coleman, V.J. Dzau, and J.P. Cooke L-Arginine improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic humans J. Clin. Invest. 90 1992 1248 1253
217. M.M. Engler, M.B. Engler, M.J. Malloy, E.Y. Chiu, M.C. Schloetter, S.M. Paul, M. Stuehlinger, K.Y. Lin, J.P. Cooke, J.D. Morrow, P.M. Ridker, N. Rifai, E. Miller, J.L. Witztum, and M. Mietus-Snyder Antioxidant vitamins C and E improve endothelial function in children with hyperlipidemia: Endothelial Assessment of Risk from Lipids in Youth (EARLY) Trial Circulation 108 2003 1059 1063 (Pubitemid 37071514)
218. Y. Hattori, S. Hattori, X. Wang, H. Satoh, N. Nakanishi, and K. Kasai Oral administration of tetrahydrobiopterin slows the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 27 2007 865 870 (Pubitemid 46606718)
219. W.H. Kaesemeyer, R.B. Caldwell, J. Huang, and R.W. Caldwell Pravastatin sodium activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase independent of its cholesterol-lowering actions J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 33 1999 234 241 (Pubitemid 29064099)
220. K.Y. Stokes, T.R. Dugas, Y. Tang, H. Garg, E. Guidry, and N.S. Bryan Dietary nitrite prevents hypercholesterolemic microvascular inflammation and reverses endothelial dysfunction Am. J. Physiol. 296 2009 H1281 H1288
221. M.I. Torres, and A. Rios Current view of the immunopathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease and its implications for therapy World J. Gastroenterol. 14 2008 1972 1980 (Pubitemid 351795814)
222. J.E. Aguilar-Nascimento, L.R. Franca-da-Silva, A.F. De-Oliveira, and M.H. Gomes-da-Silva Enhanced mucosal re-epithelialization induced by short chain fatty acids in experimental colitis Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 32 1999 961 966 (Pubitemid 129539714)
223. D.S. Barbosa, R. Cecchini, M.Z. El Kadri, M.A. Rodriguez, R.C. Burini, and I. Dichi Decreased oxidative stress in patients with ulcerative colitis supplemented with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids Nutrition 19 2003 837 842 (Pubitemid 37244139)
224. J.H. La, T.W. Kim, T.S. Sung, J.W. Kang, H.J. Kim, and I.S. Yang Visceral hypersensitivity and altered colonic motility after subsidence of inflammation in a rat model of colitis World J. Gastroenterol. 9 2003 2791 2795
225. B.S. Myers, J.S. Martin, D.T. Dempsey, H.P. Parkman, R.M. Thomas, and J.P. Ryan Acute experimental colitis decreases colonic circular smooth muscle contractility in rats Am. J. Physiol. 273 1997 G928 G936
226. G. Dijkstra, H. Moshage, H.M. van Dullemen, A. de Jager-Krikken, A.T. Tiebosch, J.H. Kleibeuker, P.L. Jansen, and H. van Goor Expression of nitric oxide synthases and formation of nitrotyrosine and reactive oxygen species in inflammatory bowel disease J. Pathol. 186 1998 416 421 (Pubitemid 29005462)
227. A.J. Godkin, A.J. De Belder, L. Villa, A. Wong, J.E. Beesley, S.P. Kane, and J.F. Martin Expression of nitric oxide synthase in ulcerative colitis Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 26 1996 867 872 (Pubitemid 26343776)
228. S. Fiorucci, E. Antonelli, E. Distrutti, P. Del Soldato, R.J. Flower, M.J. Clark, A. Morelli, M. Perretti, and L.J. Ignarro NCX-1015, a nitric-oxide derivative of prednisolone, enhances regulatory T cells in the lamina propria and protects against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99 2002 15770 15775 (Pubitemid 35404005)
229. A. Salas, M. Gironella, A. Salas, A. Soriano, M. Sans, J. Iovanna, J.M. Pique, and J. Panes Nitric oxide supplementation ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice Lab. Invest. 82 2002 597 607 (Pubitemid 34522372)
230. Y. Naito, K. Katada, T. Takagi, H. Tsuboi, Y. Isozaki, O. Handa, S. Kokura, N. Yoshida, H. Ichikawa, and T. Yoshikawa Rosuvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, reduces the colonic inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice Int. J. Mol. Med. 17 2006 997 1004
231. P. Holzer, I.T. Lippe, A.L. Tabrizi, L. Lenard Jr., and L. Bartho Dual excitatory and inhibitory effect of nitric oxide on peristalsis in the guinea pig intestine J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 280 1997 154 161 (Pubitemid 27171399)
232. K. Nichols, W. Staines, and A. Krantis Nitric oxide synthase distribution in the rat intestine: a histochemical analysis Gastroenterology 105 1993 1651 1661 (Pubitemid 24002780)
233. M. Sasaki, S. Bharwani, P. Jordan, J.W. Elrod, M.B. Grisham, T.H. Jackson, D.J. Lefer, and J.S. Alexander Increased disease activity in eNOS-deficient mice in experimental colitis Free Radic. Biol. Med. 35 2003 1679 1687 (Pubitemid 37532917)
234. K. Ohtake, M. Koga, H. Uchida, K. Sonoda, J. Ito, M. Uchida, H. Natsume, and J. Kobayashi Oral nitrite ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute experimental colitis in mice Nitric Oxide 23 2010 65 73
235. F. Saijo, A.B. Milsom, N.S. Bryan, S.M. Bauer, T. Vowinkel, M. Ivanovic, C. Andry, D.N. Granger, J. Rodriguez, and M. Feelisch On the dynamics of nitrite, nitrate and other biomarkers of nitric oxide production in inflammatory bowel disease Nitric Oxide 22 2010 155 167
236. S.P. Colgan, and C.T. Taylor Hypoxia: an alarm signal during intestinal inflammation Nat. Rev. 7 2010 281 287
237. K. Takeuchi, and S. Okabe Mechanism of gastric alkaline response in the stomach after damage: roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandins Dig. Dis. Sci. 40 1995 865 871
238. M. Uchida, K. Matsueda, R. Shoda, A. Muraoka, and S. Yamato Nitric oxide donating compounds inhibit HCl-induced gastric mucosal lesions mainly via prostaglandin Jpn J. Pharmacol. 85 2001 133 138
239. E.A. Jansson, J. Petersson, C. Reinders, T. Sobko, H. Bjorne, M. Phillipson, E. Weitzberg, L. Holm, and J.O. Lundberg Protection from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric ulcers by dietary nitrate Free Radic. Biol. Med. 42 2007 510 518 (Pubitemid 46162121)
240. J.S. Isenberg, L.A. Ridnour, M.G. Espey, D.A. Wink, and D.D. Roberts Nitric oxide in wound-healing Microsurgery 25 2005 442 451 (Pubitemid 41098675)
241. A. Soneja, M. Drews, and T. Malinski Role of nitric oxide, nitroxidative and oxidative stress in wound healing Pharmacol. Rep. 57 2005 108 119 (Suppl)
242. J.S. Isenberg, S. Shiva, and M. Gladwin Thrombospondin-1-CD47 blockade and exogenous nitrite enhance ischemic tissue survival, blood flow and angiogenesis via coupled NO-cGMP pathway activation Nitric Oxide 21 2009 52 62
243. D. Bruch-Gerharz, T. Ruzicka, and V. Kolb-Bachofen Nitric oxide and its implications in skin homeostasis and disease-a review Arch. Dermatol. Res. 290 1998 643 651 (Pubitemid 29004757)
244. R. Weller Nitric oxide: a key mediator in cutaneous physiology Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 28 2003 511 514 (Pubitemid 37100555)
245. C.V. Suschek, T. Schewe, H. Sies, and K.D. Kroncke Nitrite, a naturally occurring precursor of nitric oxide that acts like a 'prodrug' Biol. Chem. 387 2006 499 506 (Pubitemid 44071451)
246. M. Mowbray, S. McLintock, R. Weerakoon, N. Lomatschinsky, S. Jones, A.G. Rossi, and R.B. Weller Enzyme-independent NO stores in human skin: quantification and influence of UV radiation J. Invest. Dermatol. 129 2009 834 842
247. A.N. Paunel, A. Dejam, S. Thelen, M. Kirsch, M. Horstjann, P. Gharini, M. Murtz, M. Kelm, H. de Groot, V. Kolb-Bachofen, and C.V. Suschek Enzyme-independent nitric oxide formation during UVA challenge of human skin: characterization, molecular sources, and mechanisms Free Radic. Biol. Med. 38 2005 606 615 (Pubitemid 40416857)
248. M.F. Garcia-Saura, B.O. Fernandez, B.P. McAllister, D.R. Whitlock, W.W. Cruikshank, and M. Feelisch Dermal nitrite application enhances global nitric oxide availability: new therapeutic potential for immunomodulation? J. Invest. Dermatol. 130 2010 608 611
249. C. Bogdan Nitric oxide and the immune response Nat. Immunol. 2 2001 907 916 (Pubitemid 32976162)
250. M. Mowbray, X. Tan, P.S. Wheatley, A.G. Rossi, R.E. Morris, and R.B. Weller Topically applied nitric oxide induces T-lymphocyte infiltration in human skin, but minimal inflammation J. Invest. Dermatol. 128 2008 352 360
251. W. Niedbala, B. Cai, and F.Y. Liew Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of T cell functions Ann. Rheum. Dis. 65 Suppl. 3 2006 37 40
252. J.S. Pober, and W.C. Sessa Evolving functions of endothelial cells in inflammation Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7 2007 803 815 (Pubitemid 47480307)
253. C.B. Pattillo, K. Fang, J. Terracciano, and C.G. Kevil Reperfusion of chronic tissue ischemia: nitrite and dipyridamole regulation of innate immune responses Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1207 2010 83 88
254. D.S. Dace, A.A. Khan, J. Kelly, and R.S. Apte Interleukin-10 promotes pathological angiogenesis by regulating macrophage response to hypoxia during development PLoS ONE 3 2008 e3381
255. J.S. Silvestre, Z. Mallat, M. Duriez, R. Tamarat, M.F. Bureau, D. Scherman, N. Duverger, D. Branellec, A. Tedgui, and B.I. Levy Antiangiogenic effect of interleukin-10 in ischemia-induced angiogenesis in mice hindlimb Circ. Res. 87 2000 448 452
256. S. Ringer, and W. Murrell Nitrite of sodium as a toxic agent Lancet 2 1883 766 767
257. P.N. Magee, and J.M. Barnes The production of malignant primary hepatic tumours in the rat by feeding dimethylnitrosamine Br. J. Cancer 10 1956 114 122
258. H.W. Haverkos Nitrite inhalant abuse and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 3 Suppl. 1 1990 S47 S50
259. M. Marmor, A.E. Friedman-Kien, L. Laubenstein, R.D. Byrum, D.C. William, S. D'Onofrio, and N. Dubin Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men Lancet 1 1982 1083 1087
260. L.S. Soderberg Increased tumor growth in mice exposed to inhaled isobutyl nitrite Toxicol. Lett. 104 1999 35 41 (Pubitemid 29048283)
261. L.E. Gerweck, and K. Seetharaman Cellular pH gradient in tumor versus normal tissue: potential exploitation for the treatment of cancer Cancer Res. 56 1996 1194 1198 (Pubitemid 26080953)
262. P. Swietach, R.D. Vaughan-Jones, and A.L. Harris Regulation of tumor pH and the role of carbonic anhydrase 9 Cancer Metastasis Rev. 26 2007 299 310 (Pubitemid 47101667)
263. F. Frerart, P. Sonveaux, G. Rath, A. Smoos, A. Meqor, N. Charlier, B.F. Jordan, J. Saliez, A. Noel, C. Dessy, B. Gallez, and O. Feron The acidic tumor microenvironment promotes the reconversion of nitrite into nitric oxide: towards a new and safe radiosensitizing strategy Clin. Cancer Res. 14 2008 2768 2774
264. E. Morcos, S. Carlsson, E. Weitzberg, N.P. Wiklund, and J.O. Lundberg Inhibition of cancer cell replication by inorganic nitrite Nutr. Cancer 62 2010 501 504
265. J.O. Lundberg, M. Carlstrom, F.J. Larsen, and E. Weitzberg Roles of dietary inorganic nitrate in cardiovascular health and disease Cardiovasc. Res. 89 2011 525 532
266. J.O. Lundberg, E. Weitzberg, and M.T. Gladwin The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 7 2008 156 167 (Pubitemid 351194063)
267. E. Weitzberg, M. Hezel, and J.O. Lundberg Nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway: implications for anesthesiology and intensive care Anesthesiology 113 2010 1460 1475
268. S.J. Pocock Clinical trials with multiple outcomes: a statistical perspective on their design, analysis, and interpretation Control. Clin. Trials 18 1997 530 545 discussion 546-539 (Pubitemid 27520841)
269. D.T. Wade Outcome measures for clinical rehabilitation trials: impairment, function, quality of life, or value? Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 82 2003 S26 S31
270. E. Mereto, G. Brambilla Campart, M. Ghia, and F. Petrogalli Oral administration of chlordiazepoxide plus sodium nitrite investigated for tumor initiating activity in the rat liver Cancer Lett. 53 1990 61 65 (Pubitemid 20279385)
271. H. Tsuda, N. Inui, and S. Takayama In vitro transformation of newborn hamster cells induced by sodium nitrite Gann 67 1976 165 173
272. A. Yoshida, T. Harada, and K. Maita Tumor induction by concurrent oral administration of ethylenethiourea and sodium nitrite in mice Toxicol. Pathol. 21 1993 303 310 (Pubitemid 23285225)
273. T. Ichihara, K. Miyashita, M. Kawabe, K. Imaida, M. Asamoto, T. Ogiso, S. Tamano, M. Hirose, and T. Shirai Lack of combination hepatocarcinogenicity of harma, norharman, and amitrole when given with sodium nitrate in the rat J. Toxicol. Sci. 30 2005 1 6 (Pubitemid 40410210)
274. F. Furukawa, A. Nishikawa, M. Miyauchi, H. Nakamura, H.Y. Son, M. Yamagishi, and M. Hirose Concurrent administration of fish meal and sodium nitrite does not promote renal carcinogenesis in rats after initiation with N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine Cancer Lett. 154 2000 45 51 (Pubitemid 30229908)
275. S. Masuda, Y. Terashima, A. Sano, R. Kuruto, Y. Sugiyama, K. Shimoi, K. Tanji, H. Yoshioka, Y. Terao, and N. Kinae Changes in the mutagenic and estrogenic activities of bisphenol A upon treatment with nitrite Mutat. Res. 585 2005 137 146 (Pubitemid 40980428)
276. M. Miyauchi, H. Nakamura, F. Furukawa, H.Y. Son, A. Nishikawa, and M. Hirose Promoting effects of combined antioxidant and sodium nitrite treatment on forestomach carcinogenesis in rats after initiation with N-methyl-N-nitro-N- nitrosoguanidine Cancer Lett. 178 2002 19 24 (Pubitemid 34159237)
277. D.J. Veselik, S. Divekar, S. Dakshanamurthy, G.B. Storchan, J.M. Turner, K.L. Graham, L. Huang, A. Stoica, and M.B. Martin Activation of estrogen receptor-alpha by the anion nitrite Cancer Res. 68 2008 3950 3958
278. Y. Kitamura, M. Yamagihi, K. Okazaki, F. Furukawa, T. Imazawa, A. Nishikawa, and M. Hirose Lack of enhancing effects of sodium nitrite on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats Cancer Lett. 235 2006 69 74
279. E.C. Brantley, L. Guo, C. Zhang, Q. Lin, K. Yokoi, R.R. Langley, E. Kruzel, M. Maya, S.W. Kim, S.J. Kim, D. Fan, and I.J. Fidler Nitric oxide-mediated tumoricidal activity of murine microglial cells Transl. Oncol. 3 2010 380 388
280. D. Maksimovic-Ivanic, S. Mijatovic, L. Harhaji, D. Miljkovic, D. Dabideen, K. Fan Cheng, K. Mangano, G. Malaponte, Y. Al-Abed, M. Libra, G. Garotta, F. Nicoletti, and S. Stosic-Grujicic Anticancer properties of the novel nitric oxide-donating compound (S, R)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid-nitric oxide in vitro and in vivo Mol. Cancer Ther. 7 2008 510 520 (Pubitemid 351482134)