메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 148-162

Pharmacotherapeutic management of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Author keywords

Endothelin receptor antagonists; Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors; Prostacyclin analogues; Pulmonary arterial hypertension; Rostacyclin

Indexed keywords

ADCIRCA; ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; AMBRISENTAN; AMIODARONE; AMLODIPINE; AMPRENAVIR; BERAPROST; BOSENTAN; CYCLOSPORIN A; DILTIAZEM; ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ERYTHROMYCIN; GLIBENCLAMIDE; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; ILOPROST; KETOCONAZOLE; LOPINAVIR; PHENYTOIN; PHOSPHODIESTERASE V INHIBITOR; PROSTACYCLIN; RIFAMPICIN; RITONAVIR; SILDENAFIL; SITAXSENTAN; TADALAFIL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; UNIPROST; VARDENAFIL; VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDE; VASODILATOR AGENT; WARFARIN;

EID: 77951443168     PISSN: 10615377     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181d4e921     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (55)

References (122)
  • 1
    • 0025837793 scopus 로고
    • Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: Results from a natural prospective registry
    • D'Alonzo GG, Barst RJ, Ayres SM, et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: results from a natural prospective registry. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:343-349.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 343-349
    • D'Alonzo, G.G.1    Barst, R.J.2    Ayres, S.M.3
  • 2
    • 33646269035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary arterial hypertension in France: Results from a national registry
    • Humbert M, Sitbon O, Chaouat A, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in France: results from a national registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:1023-1030.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.173 , pp. 1023-1030
    • Humbert, M.1    Sitbon, O.2    Chaouat, A.3
  • 3
    • 34447546600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological study of pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Peacock AJ, Murphy NF, McMurray JJ, et al. An epidemiological study of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:104-109.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , pp. 104-109
    • Peacock, A.J.1    Murphy, N.F.2    McMurray, J.J.3
  • 4
  • 5
    • 2942522878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension
    • Simonneau G, Galie N, Rubin L, et al. Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(suppl):S5-S12.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Simonneau, G.1    Galie, N.2    Rubin, L.3
  • 6
    • 0023615359 scopus 로고
    • Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study
    • Rich S, Dantzker DR, Ayres SM, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:216-223. (Pubitemid 17137857)
    • (1987) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.107 , Issue.2 , pp. 216-223
    • Rich, S.1    Dantzker, D.R.2    Ayres, S.M.3
  • 7
    • 64849109410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACCF/AHA 2009 expert consensus document on pulmonary hypertension: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents
    • McLaughlin VV, Archer SL, Badesch DB, et al. ACCF/AHA 2009 expert consensus document on pulmonary hypertension: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1573-1619.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.53 , pp. 1573-1619
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1    Archer, S.L.2    Badesch, D.B.3
  • 8
    • 34250870730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: Updated ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
    • Badesch DB, Abman SH, Simonneau G, et al. Medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: updated ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2007;131:1917-1928.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 1917-1928
    • Badesch, D.B.1    Abman, S.H.2    Simonneau, G.3
  • 10
    • 3142692425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening, early detection, and diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
    • McGoon M, Gutterman D, Steen V, et al. Screening, early detection, and diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2004;126:14S-34S.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126
    • McGoon, M.1    Gutterman, D.2    Steen, V.3
  • 11
    • 5344233478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Farber HW, Loscalzo J. Pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1655-1665.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 1655-1665
    • Farber, H.W.1    Loscalzo, J.2
  • 12
    • 0031031440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Rubin LJ. Primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:111-117.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 111-117
    • Rubin, L.J.1
  • 13
    • 0021193273 scopus 로고
    • Primary pulmonary hypertension: Natural history and the importance of thrombosis
    • Fuster V, Steele PM, Edwards WD, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension: natural history and the importance of thrombosis. Circulation. 1984;70:580-587.
    • (1984) Circulation , vol.70 , pp. 580-587
    • Fuster, V.1    Steele, P.M.2    Edwards, W.D.3
  • 14
    • 0026632785 scopus 로고
    • The effect of high doses of calcium-channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Rich S, Kaufmann E, Levy PS. The effect of high doses of calcium-channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:76-81.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 76-81
    • Rich, S.1    Kaufmann, E.2    Levy, P.S.3
  • 15
    • 3142726157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
    • Badesch DB, Abman SH, Ahearn GS, et al. Medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2004;126:35S-62S.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126
    • Badesch, D.B.1    Abman, S.H.2    Ahearn, G.S.3
  • 16
    • 20544448927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term response to calcium channel blockers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Sitbon O, Humbert M, Jais X, et al. Long-term response to calcium channel blockers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation. 2005; 111:3105-3111.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 3105-3111
    • Sitbon, O.1    Humbert, M.2    Jais, X.3
  • 17
    • 0030912187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two long-acting vasoselective calcium antagonists in pulmonary hypertension secondary to COPD
    • Sajkov D, Wang T, Frith PA, et al. A comparison of two long-acting vasoselective calcium antagonists in pulmonary hypertension secondary to COPD. Chest. 1997;111:1622-1630.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 1622-1630
    • Sajkov, D.1    Wang, T.2    Frith, P.A.3
  • 18
    • 0030026409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute pulmonary vasodilatory properties of amlodipine in humans with pulmonary hypertension
    • Woodmansey PA, O'Toole L, Channer KS, et al. Acute pulmonary vasodilatory properties of amlodipine in humans with pulmonary hypertension. Heart. 1996;75:171-173.
    • (1996) Heart , vol.75 , pp. 171-173
    • Woodmansey, P.A.1    O'Toole, L.2    Channer, K.S.3
  • 19
    • 49749102732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of endothelin receptors in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: Does selectivity matter?
    • Opitz CF, Ewert R, Kirch W, et al. Inhibition of endothelin receptors in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: does selectivity matter? Eur Heart J. 2008;29:1936-1948.
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 1936-1948
    • Opitz, C.F.1    Ewert, R.2    Kirch, W.3
  • 20
    • 0033110922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization and distribution of endothelin receptor subtypes in pulmonary vasculature of normal and hypoxia-exposed rats
    • Soma S, Takahashi H, Muramatsu M, et al. Localization and distribution of endothelin receptor subtypes in pulmonary vasculature of normal and hypoxia-exposed rats. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1999;20:620-630.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.20 , pp. 620-630
    • Soma, S.1    Takahashi, H.2    Muramatsu, M.3
  • 22
    • 0028921779 scopus 로고
    • Protection from pulmonary hypertension with an orally active endothelin receptor antagonist in hypoxic rats
    • Eddahibi S, Raffestin B, Clozel M, et al. Protection from pulmonary hypertension with an orally active endothelin receptor antagonist in hypoxic rats. Am J Physiol. 1995;268(2 Pt 2):H828-H835.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268 , Issue.2 PART 2
    • Eddahibi, S.1    Raffestin, B.2    Clozel, M.3
  • 23
    • 3242767660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B receptors in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • DOI 10.1097/00005344-200408000-00007
    • Nishida M, Eshiro K, Okada Y, et al. Roles of endothelin ETA and ETB receptors in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2004;44:187-191. (Pubitemid 38982161)
    • (2004) Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-191
    • Nishida, M.1    Eshiro, K.2    Okada, Y.3    Takaoka, M.4    Matsumura, Y.5
  • 24
    • 34548151315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1-induced pulmonary vasoreactivity is regulated by ETA and ETB receptor interactions
    • Sauvageau S, Thorin E, Caron A, et al. Endothelin-1-induced pulmonary vasoreactivity is regulated by ETA and ETB receptor interactions. J Vasc Res. 2007;44:375-381.
    • (2007) J Vasc Res , vol.44 , pp. 375-381
    • Sauvageau, S.1    Thorin, E.2    Caron, A.3
  • 25
    • 33744926908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of endothelin-1-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction following myocardial infarction
    • Sauvageau S, Thorin E, Caron A, et al. Evaluation of endothelin-1-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction following myocardial infarction. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006;231:840-846.
    • (2006) Exp Biol Med (Maywood) , vol.231 , pp. 840-846
    • Sauvageau, S.1    Thorin, E.2    Caron, A.3
  • 26
    • 0032056134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of novel mixed ETA/ETB antagonists on responses to ET-1 in human small muscular pulmonary arteries
    • MacLean MR, Docherty CC, McCulloch KM, et al. Effect of novel mixed ETA/ETB antagonists on responses to ET-1 in human small muscular pulmonary arteries. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 1998;11:147-149.
    • (1998) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 147-149
    • MacLean, M.R.1    Docherty, C.C.2    McCulloch, K.M.3
  • 27
    • 0035895324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a nonselective ET(A/B) and a selective ET(A) antagonist in rats with monocrotalineinduced pulmonary hypertension
    • Jasmin JF, Lucas M, Cernacek P, et al. Effectiveness of a nonselective ET(A/B) and a selective ET(A) antagonist in rats with monocrotalineinduced pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2001;103:314-318.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 314-318
    • Jasmin, J.F.1    Lucas, M.2    Cernacek, P.3
  • 28
    • 40649084619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin receptor antagonists in pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Dupuis J, Hoeper MM. Endothelin receptor antagonists in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2008;31:407-415.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.31 , pp. 407-415
    • Dupuis, J.1    Hoeper, M.M.2
  • 29
    • 0034713874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with pulmonary hypertension
    • Williamson DJ, Wallman LL, Jones R, et al. Hemodynamic effects of bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2000;102:411-418.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 411-418
    • Williamson, D.J.1    Wallman, L.L.2    Jones, R.3
  • 31
    • 0037149718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Rubin LJ, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, et al. Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:846-903.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 846-903
    • Rubin, L.J.1    Badesch, D.B.2    Barst, R.J.3
  • 32
    • 45249119855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of patients with mildly symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension with bosentan (EARLY study): A double-blind, randomised controlled trial
    • Galiè N, Rubin LJ, Hoeper MM, et al. Treatment of patients with mildly symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension with bosentan (EARLY study): A double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371:2093-2100.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 2093-2100
    • Galiè, N.1    Rubin, L.J.2    Hoeper, M.M.3
  • 33
    • 13844280943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival with first-line bosentan in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension
    • McLaughlin VV, Sitbon O, Badesch DB, et al. Survival with first-line bosentan in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2005;25:244-249.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.25 , pp. 244-249
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1    Sitbon, O.2    Badesch, D.B.3
  • 34
    • 33645243403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome with first-line bosentan therapy in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Provencher S, Sitbon O, Humbert M, et al. Long-term outcome with first-line bosentan therapy in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:589-595.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 589-595
    • Provencher, S.1    Sitbon, O.2    Humbert, M.3
  • 35
    • 33846372988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of life in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Improvement and maintenance with bosentan
    • Keogh AM, McNeil KD, Wlodarczyk J, et al. Quality of life in pulmonary arterial hypertension: improvement and maintenance with bosentan. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2007;26:181-187.
    • (2007) J Heart Lung Transplant , vol.26 , pp. 181-187
    • Keogh, A.M.1    McNeil, K.D.2    Wlodarczyk, J.3
  • 36
    • 0344406959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bosentan in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Barst RJ, Ivy D, Dingemanse J, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bosentan in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003;73:372-382.
    • (2003) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.73 , pp. 372-382
    • Barst, R.J.1    Ivy, D.2    Dingemanse, J.3
  • 37
    • 20344374050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term bosentan in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Rosenzweig EB, Ivy DD, Widlitz A, et al. Effects of long-term bosentan in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46: 697-704.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.46 , pp. 697-704
    • Rosenzweig, E.B.1    Ivy, D.D.2    Widlitz, A.3
  • 38
    • 9644302310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bosentan for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Sitbon O, Gressin V, Speich R, et al. Bosentan for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:1212-1217.
    • (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.170 , pp. 1212-1217
    • Sitbon, O.1    Gressin, V.2    Speich, R.3
  • 39
    • 58849130566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of bosentan in patients with HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Degano B, Yaïci A, Le Pavec J, et al. Long-term effects of bosentan in patients with HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2009;33:92-98.
    • (2009) Eur Respir J , vol.33 , pp. 92-98
    • Degano, B.1    Yaïci, A.2    Le Pavec, J.3
  • 40
    • 33746206340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bosentan therapy in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study
    • Galiè N, Beghetti M, Gatzoulis MA, et al. Bosentan therapy in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study. Circulation. 2006;114:48-54.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 48-54
    • Galiè, N.1    Beghetti, M.2    Gatzoulis, M.A.3
  • 41
    • 33750344748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bosentan treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension related to connective tissue disease: A subgroup analysis of the pivotal clinical trials and their open-label extensions
    • Denton CP, Humbert M, Rubin L, et al. Bosentan treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension related to connective tissue disease: A subgroup analysis of the pivotal clinical trials and their open-label extensions. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1336-1340.
    • (2006) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.65 , pp. 1336-1340
    • Denton, C.P.1    Humbert, M.2    Rubin, L.3
  • 42
    • 50249155984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of bosentan on quality of life, survival, safety and tolerability in pulmonary arterial hypertension related to connective tissue diseases
    • Denton CP, Pope JE, Peter HH, et al. Long-term effects of bosentan on quality of life, survival, safety and tolerability in pulmonary arterial hypertension related to connective tissue diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67: 1222-1228.
    • (2008) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.67 , pp. 1222-1228
    • Denton, C.P.1    Pope, J.E.2    Peter, H.H.3
  • 43
    • 21144437393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sildenafil versus Endothelin Receptor Antagonist for Pulmonary Hypertension (SERAPH) study
    • Wilkins MR, Paul GA, Strange JW, et al. Sildenafil versus Endothelin Receptor Antagonist for Pulmonary Hypertension (SERAPH) study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:1292-1297.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.171 , pp. 1292-1297
    • Wilkins, M.R.1    Paul, G.A.2    Strange, J.W.3
  • 45
    • 46449124591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Results of the ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy (ARIES) study 1 and 2
    • Galiè N, Olschewski H, Oudiz RJ, et al. Ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Results of the ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy (ARIES) study 1 and 2. Circulation. 2008;117:3010-3019.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 3010-3019
    • Galiè, N.1    Olschewski, H.2    Oudiz, R.J.3
  • 46
    • 70350708667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term ambrisentan therapy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Oudiz RJ, Galiè N, Olschewski H, et al. Long-term ambrisentan therapy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1971-1981.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.54 , pp. 1971-1981
    • Oudiz, R.J.1    Galiè, N.2    Olschewski, H.3
  • 47
    • 77951460044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ARIES-3: Ambrisentan therapy in a diverse population of patients with pulmonary hypertension [abstract]
    • Badesch DB, Feldman J, Keogh A, et al. ARIES-3: Ambrisentan therapy in a diverse population of patients with pulmonary hypertension [abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179:A3357.
    • (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.179
    • Badesch, D.B.1    Feldman, J.2    Keogh, A.3
  • 48
    • 10744230817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sitaxsentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Barst RJ, Langleben D, Frost A, et al. Sitaxsentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169:441-447.
    • (2004) Am Respir Crit Care Med , vol.169 , pp. 441-447
    • Barst, R.J.1    Langleben, D.2    Frost, A.3
  • 49
    • 33646255654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with the selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist sitaxsentan
    • Barst RJ, Langleben D, Badesch D, et al. Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with the selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist sitaxsentan. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:2049-2056.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 2049-2056
    • Barst, R.J.1    Langleben, D.2    Badesch, D.3
  • 50
    • 69549152788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South San Francisco, CA: Actelion Pharmaceuticals
    • Tracleer prescribing information. South San Francisco, CA: Actelion Pharmaceuticals; 2009.
    • (2009) Tracleer Prescribing Information
  • 51
    • 34547558919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of European post-marketing surveillance of bosentan in pulmonary hypertension
    • Humbert M, Segal ES, Kiely DG, et al. Results of European post-marketing surveillance of bosentan in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2007;30: 338-344.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , pp. 338-344
    • Humbert, M.1    Segal, E.S.2    Kiely, D.G.3
  • 52
    • 69549146317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc
    • Letairis prescribing information. Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc; 2009.
    • (2009) Letairis Prescribing Information
  • 53
    • 58249107821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambrisentan therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension who discontinued bosentan or sitaxsentan due to liver function test abnormalities
    • McGoon MD, Frost AE, Oudiz RJ, et al. Ambrisentan therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension who discontinued bosentan or sitaxsentan due to liver function test abnormalities. Chest. 2009;135:122-129.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.135 , pp. 122-129
    • McGoon, M.D.1    Frost, A.E.2    Oudiz, R.J.3
  • 54
    • 77951459298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kirkland, Quebec: Pfizer Canada Inc
    • Thelin prescribing information. Kirkland, Quebec: Pfizer Canada Inc; 2008.
    • (2008) Thelin Prescribing Information
  • 55
    • 21744438514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bosentan decreases the plasma concentration of sildenafil when coprescribed in pulmonary hypertension
    • Paul GA, Gibbs JS, Boobis AR, et al. Bosentan decreases the plasma concentration of sildenafil when coprescribed in pulmonary hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005;60:107-112.
    • (2005) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.60 , pp. 107-112
    • Paul, G.A.1    Gibbs, J.S.2    Boobis, A.R.3
  • 56
    • 0026628265 scopus 로고
    • An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension
    • Christman BW, McPherson CD, Newman JH, et al. An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:70-75.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 70-75
    • Christman, B.W.1    McPherson, C.D.2    Newman, J.H.3
  • 57
    • 0033032949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostacyclin synthase expression is decreased in lungs from patients with severe pulmonary hypertension
    • Tuder RM, Cool CD, Geraci MW, et al. Prostacyclin synthase expression is decreased in lungs from patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:1925-1932.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 1925-1932
    • Tuder, R.M.1    Cool, C.D.2    Geraci, M.W.3
  • 58
    • 0031697797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid mediator dysregulation in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Christman BW. Lipid mediator dysregulation in primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 1998;114(suppl 3):205S-207S.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Christman, B.W.1
  • 59
    • 42949166212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostacyclin therapies for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Gomberg-Maitland M, Olschewski H. Prostacyclin therapies for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2008;31:891-901.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.31 , pp. 891-901
    • Gomberg-Maitland, M.1    Olschewski, H.2
  • 60
    • 0019985926 scopus 로고
    • Prostacyclin-induced acute pulmonary vasodilation in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Rubin LJ, Groves BM, Reeves JT, et al. Prostacyclin-induced acute pulmonary vasodilation in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 1982;66: 334-338.
    • (1982) Circulation , vol.66 , pp. 334-338
    • Rubin, L.J.1    Groves, B.M.2    Reeves, J.T.3
  • 61
    • 0025356811 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with continuous intravenous prostacyclin (epoprostenol). Results of a randomized trial
    • Rubin LJ, Mendoza J, Hood M, et al. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with continuous intravenous prostacyclin (epoprostenol). Results of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:485-491.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 485-491
    • Rubin, L.J.1    Mendoza, J.2    Hood, M.3
  • 62
    • 0032576672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with long-term epoprostenol (prostacyclin) in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • McLaughlin VV, Genther DE, Panella MM, et al. Reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with long-term epoprostenol (prostacyclin) in primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:273-277.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 273-277
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1    Genther, D.E.2    Panella, M.M.3
  • 63
    • 0030856433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary pulmonary hypertension: Improved long-term effects and survival with continuous intravenous epoprostenol infusion
    • Shapiro SM, Oudiz RJ, Cao T, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension: improved long-term effects and survival with continuous intravenous epoprostenol infusion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:343-349.
    • (1997) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.30 , pp. 343-349
    • Shapiro, S.M.1    Oudiz, R.J.2    Cao, T.3
  • 64
    • 0028597038 scopus 로고
    • Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension with long-term continuous intravenous prostacyclin
    • Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, McGoon MD, et al. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension with long-term continuous intravenous prostacyclin. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:409-415.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.121 , pp. 409-415
    • Barst, R.J.1    Rubin, L.J.2    McGoon, M.D.3
  • 65
    • 0030031888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Long WA, et al. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:296-301.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 296-301
    • Barst, R.J.1    Rubin, L.J.2    Long, W.A.3
  • 66
    • 17144452827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous intravenous epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension due to the scleroderma spectrum of disease. A randomized, controlled trial
    • Badesch DB, Tapson VF, McGoon MD, et al. Continuous intravenous epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension due to the scleroderma spectrum of disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:425-434.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 425-434
    • Badesch, D.B.1    Tapson, V.F.2    McGoon, M.D.3
  • 67
    • 0037126044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. The impact of epoprostenol therapy
    • McLaughlin VV, Shillington A, Rich S. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. The impact of epoprostenol therapy. Circulation. 2002;106: 1477-1482.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1477-1482
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1    Shillington, A.2    Rich, S.3
  • 68
    • 0037151645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term intravenous epoprostenol infusion in primary pulmonary hypertension. Prognostic factors and survival
    • Sitbon O, Humbert M, Nunes H, et al. Long-term intravenous epoprostenol infusion in primary pulmonary hypertension. Prognostic factors and survival. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:780-788.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 780-788
    • Sitbon, O.1    Humbert, M.2    Nunes, H.3
  • 69
    • 0029993602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized prostacyclin and iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension
    • Olschewski H, Walmrath D, Schermuly R, et al. Aerosolized prostacyclin and iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124: 820-824.
    • (1996) Ann Intern Med , vol.124 , pp. 820-824
    • Olschewski, H.1    Walmrath, D.2    Schermuly, R.3
  • 70
    • 0033977505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide and aerosolized iloprost in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Hoeper MM, Olschewski H, Ghofrani HA, et al. A comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide and aerosolized iloprost in primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:176-182.
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.35 , pp. 176-182
    • Hoeper, M.M.1    Olschewski, H.2    Ghofrani, H.A.3
  • 71
    • 0034702248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue
    • Hoeper MM, Schwarze M, Ehlerding S, et al. Long-term treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1866-1870.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1866-1870
    • Hoeper, M.M.1    Schwarze, M.2    Ehlerding, S.3
  • 73
    • 0031920988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of pulmonary hypertension with the continuous infusion of a prostacyclin analogue, iloprost
    • Higenbottam TW, Butt AY, Dinh-Xuan AT, et al. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension with the continuous infusion of a prostacyclin analogue, iloprost. Heart. 1998;79:175-179.
    • (1998) Heart , vol.79 , pp. 175-179
    • Higenbottam, T.W.1    Butt, A.Y.2    Dinh-Xuan, A.T.3
  • 75
    • 0343488567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orally active prostacyclin analogue in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)24019-5
    • Okano Y, Yoshioka T, Shimouchi A, et al. Orally active prostacyclin analogue in primary pulmonary hypertension. Lancet. 1997;349:1365. (Pubitemid 27197541)
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , Issue.9062 , pp. 1365
    • Okano, Y.1    Yoshioka, T.2    Shimouchi, A.3    Satoh, T.4    Kunieda, T.5
  • 76
    • 3042686863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of orally active prostacyclin analogue on survival of outpatients with primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Nagaya N, Uematsu M, Okano Y, et al. Effect of orally active prostacyclin analogue on survival of outpatients with primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:1188-1192.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.34 , pp. 1188-1192
    • Nagaya, N.1    Uematsu, M.2    Okano, Y.3
  • 77
    • 0036569119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Galiè N, Humbert M, Vachiéry J, et al. Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1496-1502.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 1496-1502
    • Galiè, N.1    Humbert, M.2    Vachiéry, J.3
  • 78
    • 33748931278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of inhaled treprostinil as add-on therapy to bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Channick RN, Olschewski H, Seeger W, et al. Safety and efficacy of inhaled treprostinil as add-on therapy to bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1433-1437.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.48 , pp. 1433-1437
    • Channick, R.N.1    Olschewski, H.2    Seeger, W.3
  • 79
    • 33645119109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of iv treprostinil for pulmonary and arterial hypertension: A prospective, multicenter, open-label, 12-week trial
    • Tapson VF, Gomberg-Maitland M, McLaughlin VV, et al. Safety and efficacy of iv treprostinil for pulmonary and arterial hypertension: A prospective, multicenter, open-label, 12-week trial. Chest. 2006;129:683-688.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 683-688
    • Tapson, V.F.1    Gomberg-Maitland, M.2    McLaughlin, V.V.3
  • 80
    • 12244251412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of treprostinil: An epoprostenol analogue for primary pulmonary hypertension
    • McLaughlin VV, Gaine SP, Barst RJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of treprostinil: An epoprostenol analogue for primary pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003;41:293-299.
    • (2003) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.41 , pp. 293-299
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1    Gaine, S.P.2    Barst, R.J.3
  • 81
    • 33745172176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of long-term subcutaneous treprostinil sodium therapy in pulmonary hypertension
    • Lang I, Gomez-Sanchez M, Kneussl M, et al. Efficacy of long-term subcutaneous treprostinil sodium therapy in pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 2006;129:1636-1643.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 1636-1643
    • Lang, I.1    Gomez-Sanchez, M.2    Kneussl, M.3
  • 82
    • 33845360014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients treated with subcutaneous treprostinil
    • Barst RJ, Galiè N, Naeile R, et al. Long-term outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients treated with subcutaneous treprostinil. Eur Respir J. 2006;28:1195-1203.
    • (2006) Eur Respir J , vol.28 , pp. 1195-1203
    • Barst, R.J.1    Galiè, N.2    Naeile, R.3
  • 83
    • 47549106387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treprostinil-based therapy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Benza RL, Rayburn BK, Tallaj JA, et al. Treprostinil-based therapy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest. 2008;134:139-145.
    • (2008) Chest , vol.134 , pp. 139-145
    • Benza, R.L.1    Rayburn, B.K.2    Tallaj, J.A.3
  • 84
    • 0037086133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Simonneau G, Barst RJ, Galiè N, et al. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:800-804.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 800-804
    • Simonneau, G.1    Barst, R.J.2    Galiè, N.3
  • 85
    • 77951445093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research Triangle Park, NC: United Therapeutics Corp
    • Remodulin prescribing information. Research Triangle Park, NC: United Therapeutics Corp; 2008.
    • (2008) Remodulin Prescribing Information
  • 87
    • 0029055964 scopus 로고
    • Reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension
    • Giaid A, Saleh D. Reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:214-221.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 214-221
    • Giaid, A.1    Saleh, D.2
  • 88
    • 0027752805 scopus 로고
    • The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway
    • Moncada S, Higgs A. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:2002-2012.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 2002-2012
    • Moncada, S.1    Higgs, A.2
  • 89
    • 0027935877 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and cGMP cause vasorelaxation by activation of a charybdotoxin-sensitive K channel by cGMP-dependent protein kinase
    • Archer SL, Huang JM, Hampl V, et al. Nitric oxide and cGMP cause vasorelaxation by activation of a charybdotoxin-sensitive K channel by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:7583-7587.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.91 , pp. 7583-7587
    • Archer, S.L.1    Huang, J.M.2    Hampl, V.3
  • 90
    • 22744433270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High lung PDE5: A strong basis for treating pulmonary hypertension with PDE5 inhibitors
    • Corbin JD, Beasley A, Blount MA, et al. High lung PDE5: A strong basis for treating pulmonary hypertension with PDE5 inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;334:930-938.
    • (2005) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.334 , pp. 930-938
    • Corbin, J.D.1    Beasley, A.2    Blount, M.A.3
  • 92
    • 77951494159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly and Company
    • Adcirca prescribing information. Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly and Company; 2009.
    • (2009) Adcirca Prescribing Information.
  • 93
    • 1842530387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension: A randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind, crossover study
    • Sastry BK, Narasiham C, Reddy NK, et al. Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension: A randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind, crossover study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1149-1153.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 1149-1153
    • Sastry, B.K.1    Narasiham, C.2    Reddy, N.K.3
  • 94
    • 33645230584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study to evaluate the efficacy of oral sildenafil therapy in severe pulmonary artery hypertension
    • Singh TP, Rohit M, Grover A, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study to evaluate the efficacy of oral sildenafil therapy in severe pulmonary artery hypertension. Am Heart J. 2006;151: 851.e1-851.e5.
    • (2006) Am Heart J , vol.151
    • Singh, T.P.1    Rohit, M.2    Grover, A.3
  • 96
    • 0141482069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate and long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving vasodilator therapy
    • Bhatia S, Frantz RP, Severson CJ, et al. Immediate and long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving vasodilator therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78:1207-1213.
    • (2003) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.78 , pp. 1207-1213
    • Bhatia, S.1    Frantz, R.P.2    Severson, C.J.3
  • 97
    • 0037868048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral sildenafil as long-term adjunct therapy to inhaled iloprost in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, et al. Oral sildenafil as long-term adjunct therapy to inhaled iloprost in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:158-164.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.42 , pp. 158-164
    • Ghofrani, H.A.1    Rose, F.2    Schermuly, R.T.3
  • 98
    • 10444246635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with bosentan and sildenafil in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Hoeper MM, Faulenbach C, Golpon H, et al. Combination therapy with bosentan and sildenafil in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2004;24:1007-1010.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.24 , pp. 1007-1010
    • Hoeper, M.M.1    Faulenbach, C.2    Golpon, H.3
  • 99
    • 27144440344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of sildenafil added to treprostinil in pulmonary hypertension
    • Gomberg-Maitland M, McLaughlin V, Gulati M, et al. Efficacy and safety of sildenafil added to treprostinil in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:1334-1336.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96 , pp. 1334-1336
    • Gomberg-Maitland, M.1    McLaughlin, V.2    Gulati, M.3
  • 100
    • 17044420569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral sildenafil improves primary pulmonary hypertension refractory to epoprostenol
    • Kataoka M, Satoh T, Manabe T, et al. Oral sildenafil improves primary pulmonary hypertension refractory to epoprostenol. Circ J. 2005;69:461-465.
    • (2005) Circ J , vol.69 , pp. 461-465
    • Kataoka, M.1    Satoh, T.2    Manabe, T.3
  • 101
    • 70349978990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and safety of sildenafil in Chinese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Xu XQ, Jing ZC, Zhang JH, et al. The efficacy and safety of sildenafil in Chinese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2009;32:911-915.
    • (2009) Hypertens Res , vol.32 , pp. 911-915
    • Xu, X.Q.1    Jing, Z.C.2    Zhang, J.H.3
  • 102
    • 56849100939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical deterioration after sildenafil cessation in patients with pulmonary hypertension
    • Keogh AM, Jabbour A, Hayward CS, et al. Clinical deterioration after sildenafil cessation in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4:1111-1113.
    • (2008) Vasc Health Risk Manag , vol.4 , pp. 1111-1113
    • Keogh, A.M.1    Jabbour, A.2    Hayward, C.S.3
  • 103
    • 67649523052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tadalafil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Response to Tadalafil (PHIRST) Study Group
    • Galie N, Brundage BH, Ghofrani HA, et al; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Response to Tadalafil (PHIRST) Study Group. Tadalafil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation. 2009;119:2894-2903.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 2894-2903
    • Galie, N.1    Brundage, B.H.2    Ghofrani, H.A.3
  • 104
    • 33645761134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term vardenafil therapy improves hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension
    • Aizawa K, Hanaoka T, Kasai H, et al. Long-term vardenafil therapy improves hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2006;29:123-128.
    • (2006) Hypertens Res , vol.29 , pp. 123-128
    • Aizawa, K.1    Hanaoka, T.2    Kasai, H.3
  • 105
    • 69449088801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vardenafil therapy for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. A one-year, multicentre, open-label study
    • Jing ZD, Jiang X, Wu BX, et al. Vardenafil therapy for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. A one-year, multicentre, open-label study. Heart. 2009;95:1531-1536.
    • (2009) Heart , vol.95 , pp. 1531-1536
    • Jing, Z.D.1    Jiang, X.2    Wu, B.X.3
  • 107
    • 33645052699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sildenafil citrate use and the incidence of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
    • Gorkin L, Hvidsten K, Sobel RE, et al. Sildenafil citrate use and the incidence of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Int J Clin Pract. 2006;60:500-503.
    • (2006) Int J Clin Pract , vol.60 , pp. 500-503
    • Gorkin, L.1    Hvidsten, K.2    Sobel, R.E.3
  • 109
    • 68849116084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudden hearing loss from PDE-5 inhibitors: A possible cellular stress etiology
    • Maddox PT, Saunders J, Chandrasekhar SS. Sudden hearing loss from PDE-5 inhibitors: A possible cellular stress etiology. Laryngoscope. 2009; 119:1586-1589.
    • (2009) Laryngoscope , vol.119 , pp. 1586-1589
    • Maddox, P.T.1    Saunders, J.2    Chandrasekhar, S.S.3
  • 110
    • 38049089932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between steady-state bosentan and sildenafil
    • Burgess G, Hoogkamer H, Collings L, et al. Mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between steady-state bosentan and sildenafil. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;64:43-50.
    • (2008) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.64 , pp. 43-50
    • Burgess, G.1    Hoogkamer, H.2    Collings, L.3
  • 111
    • 41849103027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic interaction between tadalafil and bosentan in healthy male subjects
    • Wrishko RE, Dingemanse J, Yu A, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction between tadalafil and bosentan in healthy male subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;48:610-618.
    • (2008) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 610-618
    • Wrishko, R.E.1    Dingemanse, J.2    Yu, A.3
  • 112
    • 0041742185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bosentan treatment in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving nonparenteral prostanoids
    • Hoeper MM, Taha N, Bekjarova A, et al. Bosentan treatment in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving nonparenteral prostanoids. Eur Resp J. 2003;22:330-334.
    • (2003) Eur Resp J , vol.22 , pp. 330-334
    • Hoeper, M.M.1    Taha, N.2    Bekjarova, A.3
  • 114
    • 33845526777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized study of adding inhaled iloprost to existing bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • McLaughlin VV, Oudiz RJ, Frost A, et al. Randomized study of adding inhaled iloprost to existing bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174:1257-1263.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.174 , pp. 1257-1263
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1    Oudiz, R.J.2    Frost, A.3
  • 115
    • 33847368988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining inhaled iloprost with bosentan in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Hoeper MM, Leuchte H, Wilkens H, et al. Combining inhaled iloprost with bosentan in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Resp J. 2006;28:691-694.
    • (2006) Eur Resp J , vol.28 , pp. 691-694
    • Hoeper, M.M.1    Leuchte, H.2    Wilkens, H.3
  • 116
    • 33847743922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of sildenafil to bosentan monotherapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Mathai SC, Girgis RE, Fisher MR, et al. Addition of sildenafil to bosentan monotherapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2007;29: 469-475.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.29 , pp. 469-475
    • Mathai, S.C.1    Girgis, R.E.2    Fisher, M.R.3
  • 117
    • 77951455739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of sildenafil to first line bosentan therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension [abstract]
    • Savale L, Sitbon O, Le Pavec J, et al. Addition of sildenafil to first line bosentan therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-abstrac. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179(suppl):A3368.
    • (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.179 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Savale, L.1    Sitbon, O.2    Le Pavec, J.3
  • 118
    • 54549125950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of sildenafil to long-term intravenous epoprostenol therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Simonneau G, Rubin LJ, Galiè N, et al. Addition of sildenafil to long-term intravenous epoprostenol therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:521-530.
    • (2008) Ann Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 521-530
    • Simonneau, G.1    Rubin, L.J.2    Galiè, N.3
  • 119
    • 51349089637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with prostacyclin and tadalafil for severe pulmonary arterial hypertension: A pilot study
    • Bendayan D, Shitrit D, Kramer MR. Combination therapy with prostacyclin and tadalafil for severe pulmonary arterial hypertension: A pilot study. Respirology. 2008;13:916-918.
    • (2008) Respirology , vol.13 , pp. 916-918
    • Bendayan, D.1    Shitrit, D.2    Kramer, M.R.3
  • 121
    • 27744504402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal-oriented treatment and combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Hoeper MM, Markevych I, Spiekerkoetter E, et al. Goal-oriented treatment and combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:858-863.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.26 , pp. 858-863
    • Hoeper, M.M.1    Markevych, I.2    Spiekerkoetter, E.3
  • 122
    • 62749192201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Galie N, Manes A, Negro L, et al. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:394-403.
    • (2009) Eur Heart J , vol.30 , pp. 394-403
    • Galie, N.1    Manes, A.2    Negro, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.