Nitrite in saliva increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucus thickness

Journal of Clinical Investigation

Volumn 113, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 106-114

  Björne, Håkan ^a   Petersson, Joel ^b   Phillipson, Mia ^b   Weitzberg, Eddie ^a   Holm, Lena ^b   Lundberg, Jon O ^c  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GUANYLATE CYCLASE; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; NITRATE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRITE; S NITROSOTHIOL; SODIUM NITRATE; SODIUM NITRITE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BIOASSAY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET RESTRICTION; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SALIVA LEVEL; STOMACH BLOOD FLOW; STOMACH MUCOSA; STOMACH MUCUS; STOMACH PROTECTION; THICKNESS; ANIMAL; BLOOD FLOW; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; DRUG EFFECT; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; KINETICS; METABOLISM; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; PHYSIOLOGY; SALIVA; SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT; VASCULARIZATION;

ANIMALS; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; GASTRIC MUCOSA; HUMANS; KINETICS; MALE; NITRATES; NITRITES; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW; SALIVA; SODIUM NITRITE;

EID: 85047693682     PISSN: 00219738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1172/JCI19019     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Cheung, L.Y., and Chang, N. 1977. The role of gastric mucosal blood flow and H+ back-diffusion in the pathogenesis of acute gastric erosions J. Surg Res. 22:357-361.
2. McGreevy, J.M., and Moody, F.G. 1977. Protection of gastric mucosa against aspirin-induced erosions by enhanced blood flow. Surg. Forum. 28:357-359.
3. Leung, F.W., Itoh, M., Hirabayashi, K., and Guth, P.H. 1985. Role of blood flow in gastric and duodenal mucosal injury in the rat. Gastroenterology. 88:281-289.
4. Stein, H.J., Bauerfeind, P., Hinder, R.A., Koerfer, J., and Blum, A.L. 1989. Luminal acid reduces gastric mucosal blood flow in the ischemic stomach. J. Surg. Res. 46:616-619.
5. Allen, A., and Garner, A. 1980. Mucus and bicarbonate secretion in the stomach and their possible role in mucosal protection. Gut. 21:249-262.
6. Pique, J.M., Whittle, B.J., and Esplugues, J.V. 1989. The vasodilator role of endogenous nitric oxide in the rat gastric microcirculation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 174:293-296.
7. Wallace, J.L., and Granger, D.N. 1996. The cellular and molecular basis of gastric mucosal defense. FASEB J. 10:731-740.
8. Allen, A., Flemstrom, G., Garnet, A., and Kivilaakso, E. 1993. Gastroduodenal mucosal protection. Physiol. Rev. 73:823-857.
9. Synnerstad, I., Johansson, M., Nylander, O., and Holm, L. 2001. Intraluminal acid and gastric mucosal integrity: the importance of blood-borne bicarbonate. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 280:G121-G129.
10. Schade, C., Flemstrom, G., and Holm, L. 1994. Hydrogen ion concentration in the mucus layer on top of acid-stimulated and -inhibited rat gastric mucosa. Gastroenterology. 107:180-188.
11. Phillipson, M., Atuma, C., Henriksnas, J., and Holm, L. 2002. The importance of mucus layers and bicarbonate transport in preservation of gastric juxtamucosal pH. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 282:G211-G219.
12. Wallace, J.L., and Tigley, A.W. 1995. Review article: new insights into prostaglandins and mucosal defence. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 9:227-235.
13. Wallace, J.L., and Miller, M.J. 2000. Nitric oxide in mucosal defense: a little goes a long way. Gastroenterology. 119:512-520.
14. Brown, J.F., Hanson, P.J., and Whittle, B.J. 1992. Nitric oxide donors increase mucus gel thickness in rat stomach. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 223:103-104.
15. Sababi, M., Nilsson, E., and Holm, L. 1995. Mucus and alkali secretion in the rat duodenum: effects of indomethacin, N omega-nitro-L-arginine, and luminal acid. Gastroenterology. 109:1526-1534.
16. Wallace, J.L., and Ma, L. 2001. Inflammatory mediators in gastrointestinal defense and injury. Exp. Biol. Med. 226:1003-1015.
17. Holzer, P. 1998. Neural emergency system in the stomach. Gastroenterology. 114:823-839.
18. Holzer, P. 1995. Chemosensitive afferent nerves in the regulation of gastric blood flow and protection. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 371B:891-895.
19. MacNaughton, W.K., Cirino, G., and Wallace, J.L. 1989. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide) has protective actions in the stomach. Life Sci. 45:1869-1876.
20. Wallace, J.L. 2001. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the gastrointestinal tract. Mechanisms of protection and healing: current knowledge and future research. Am. J. Med. 110:19S-23S.
21. Sugata, H., Ueno, T., Shimosegawa, T., and Yoshimura, T. 2003. Direct detection of nitric oxide and its roles in maintaining gastric mucosal integrity following ethanol-induced injury in rats. Free Radic. Res. 37:159-169.
22. Lundberg, J.O., Weitzberg, E., Lundberg, J.M., and Alving, K. 1994. Intragastric guide nitric oxide production in humans: measurements in expelled air. Gut. 35:1543-1546.
23. Benjamin, N., et al. 1994. Stomach NO synthesis. Nature. 368:502.
24. McKnight, G.M., et al. 1997. Chemical synthesis of nitric oxide in the stomach from dietary nitrate in humans. Gut. 40:211-214.
25. Tannenbaum, S.R., Weisman, M., and Fett, D. 1976. The effect of nitrate intake on nitrite formation in human saliva. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 14:549-552.
26. Spiegelhalder, B., Eisenbrand, G., and Preussman, R. 1976. Influence of dietary nitrate on nitrite content of human saliva: possible relevance to in vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 14:545-548.
27. Duncan, C., et al. 1997. Protection against oral and gastrointestinal diseases: importance of dietary nitrate intake, oral nitrate reduction and enterosalivary nitrate circulation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol. 118:939-948.
28. Dykhuizen, R., et al. 1996. Antimicrobial effect of acidified nitrite on gut pathogens: importance of dietary nitrate in host defence. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:1422-1425.
29. Xu, J., Xu, X., and Verstraete, W. 2001. The bactericidal effect and chemical reactions of acidified nitrite under conditions simulating the stomach. J. Appl. Microbiol. 90:523-529.
30. Holm-Rutili, L., and Obrink, K.J. 1985. Rat gastric mucosal microcirculation in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. 248:G741-G746.
31. Nilsson, G.E., Tenland, T., and Oberg, P.A. 1980. Evaluation of a laser Doppler flowmeter for measurement of tissue blood flow. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 27:597-604.
32. Holm-Rutili, L., and Berglindh, T. 1986. Pentagastrin and gastric mucosal blood flow. Am. J. Physiol. 250:G575-G580.
33. Kvietys, P.R., Shepherd, A.P., and Granger, D.N. 1985. Laser-Doppler, H2 clearance, and microsphere estimates of mucosal blood flow. Am. J. Physiol. 249:G221-G227.
34. Atuma, C., Strugala, V., Allen, A., and Holm, L. 2001. The adherent gastrointestinal mucus gel layer: thickness and physical state in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 280:G922-G929.
35. Zetterquist, W., Pedroletti, C., Lundberg, J.O., and Alving, K. 1999. Salivary contribution to exhaled nitric oxide. Eur. Respir. J. 13:327-333.
36. Feelisch, M., et al. 2002. Concomitant S-, N-, and heme-nitros(yl)ation in biological tissues and fluids: implications for the fate of NO in vivo. FASEB J. 16:775-1785.
37. Weitzberg, E., and Lundberg, J.O. 1998. Nonenzymatic nitric oxide production in humans. Nitric Oxide. 2:1-7.
38. Garthwaite, J., et al. 1995. Potent and selective inhibition of nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one. Mol. Pharmacol. 48:184-188.
39. Uno, H., et al. 1997. Nitric oxide stimulates prostaglandin synthesis in cultured rabbit gastric cells. Prostaglandins. 53:153-162.
40. Foster, M.W., McMahon, T.J., and Stamler, J.S. 2003. S-nitrosylation in health and disease. Trends Mol. Med. 9:160-168.
41. Keshive, M., Singh, S., Wishnok, J.S., Tannenbaum, S.R., and Deen, W.M. 1996. Kinetics of S-nitrosation of thiols in nitric oxide solutions. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9:988-993.
42. Richardson, G., et al. 2002. The ingestion of inorganic nitrate increases gastric S-nitrosothiol levels and inhibits platelet function in humans. Nitric Oxide. 7:24-29.
43. Body, S.C., Sasame, H.A., and Body, M.R. 1979. High concentrations of glutathione in glandular stomach: possible implications for carcinogenesis. Science. 205:1010-1012.
44. Stamler, J.S., Lamas, S., and Fang, F.C. 2001. Nitrosylation. The prototypic redox-based signaling mechanism. Cell 106:675-683.
45. Miller, T.A. 1983. Protective effects of prostaglandins against gastric mucosal damage: current knowledge and proposed mechanisms. Am. J. Physiol. 245:G601-G623.
46. Takeuchi, K., et al. 2003. Facilitation by endogenous prostaglandins of capsaicin-induced gastric protection in rodents through EP2 and IP receptors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 304:1055-1062.
47. Holm, L., and Jagare, A. 1993. Influence of tactile stimulation of the rat gastric mucosa on blood flow and acid output. Am. J. Physiol. 265:G303-G309.
48. Teorell, T. 1951. The acid base balance of the secreting isolated gastric mucosa. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 114:267-276.
49. Fiorucci, S., et al. 2003. Gastrointestinal safety of NO-aspirin (NCX-4016) in healthy human volunteers: a proof of concept endoscopic study. Gastroenterology. 124:600-607.
50. Andrews, F.J., Malcontenti-Wilson, C., and O'Brien, P.E. 1994. Protection against gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury by nitric oxide generators. Dig. Dis. Sci. 39:366-373.
51. Holm, L., Phillipson, M., and Perry, M.A. 2002. NO-flurbiprofen maintains duodenal blood flow, enhances mucus secretion contributing to lower mucosal injury. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 283:G1090-G1097.
52. Larauche, M., et al. 2003. Protective effect of dietary nitrate on experimental gastritis in rats. Br. J. Nutr. 89:777-786.
53. Larauche, M., Bueno, L., and Fioramonti, J. 2003. Effect of dietary nitric oxide on gastric mucosal mast cells in absence or presence of an experimental gastritis in rats. Life Sci. 73:1505-1516.
54. Miyoshi, M., et al. 2003. Dietary nitrate inhibits stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in the rat. Free Radic. Res. 37:85-90.
55. Chung, S.Y., et al. 2003. Survey of nitrate and nitrite contents of vegetables grown in Korea. Food Addit. Contam. 20:621-628.
56. Tannenbaum, S.R., Sisnkey, A.J., Weisman, M., and Bishop, W. 1974. Nitrite in human saliva. Its possible relationship to nitrosamine formation. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 53:79-84.
57. Iijima, K., et al. 2002. Dietary nitrate generates potentially mutagenic concentrations of nitric oxide at the gastroesophageal junction. Gastroenterology. 122:1248-1257.
58. Crampton, R.F. 1980. Carcinogenic dose-related response to nitrosamines. Oncology. 37:251-254.
59. Knight, T.M., et al. 1990. Nitrate and nitrite exposure in Italian populations with different gastric cancer rates. Int. J. Epidemiol. 19:510-515.
60. Al-Dabbagh, S., Forman, D., Bryson, D., Stratton, I., and Doll, R. 1986. Mortality of nitrate fertiliser workers. Br. J. Ind. Med. 43:507-515.