Recent development in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and emerging technologies for metabolite identification

Current Drug Metabolism

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 329-344

  Liang, Yan ^a   Wang, Guangji ^a   Xie, Lin ^a   Sheng, Longsheng ^a  

^a CHINA PHARMACEUTICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Ambient ionization; High resolution MS; Imaging MS; Ion mobility MS; LC MS; Low resolution MS; Metabolite identification; Post acquisition data processing and mining modes

Indexed keywords

DRUG METABOLITE; GOMISIN A; ISOTOPE; LIGNAN DERIVATIVE; SCHISANTHERIN A; SCHIZANDRIN A; SCHIZANDRIN B; SCHIZANDROL A; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACCURACY; ACCURATE MASS-BASED SPECTRUML AVERAGING ISOTOPE PATTERN; ALGORITHM; AMBIENT MASS SPECTROMETRY; ARTICLE; BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION APPROACH; COMPUTER PROGRAM; DRUG IDENTIFICATION; FILTER; FOURIER TRANSFORM ION CYCLOTRON MASS SPECTROMETRY; FOURIER TRANSFORM MASS SPECTROMETRY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETER; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR SIZE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETRY; QUADRUPOLE TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETER; SINGLE-STAGE QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETER; TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE LINEAR ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER; TRIPLE-STAGE QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETERS; ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY;

EID: 79953659132     PISSN: 13892002     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920011795202910     Document Type: Article

References (185)

1. Castro-Perez, J.M. Current and future trends in the application of HPLC-MS to metabolite- identification studies. Drug Discov. Today, 2007, 12 (5/6), 249-256.
2. Watt, A.P.; Mortishire-Smith, R.J.; Gerhard, U.; Thomas, S.R. Metabolite identification in drug discovery. Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel., 2003, 6(1), 57-65. (Pubitemid 36206940)
3. Bateman, KP.; Trimble, L.; Chauret, N.; Silva, J.; Day, S.; Macdonald, D.; Dube, D.; Gallant, M.; Mastracchio, A.; Perrier, H.; Girard, Y.; Nicoll-Griffith, D. Interspecies in vitro metabolism of the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor L-454,560. J. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 41(6), 771-780. (Pubitemid 44023104)
4. Singh, M.P. Application of Biolog FF MicroPlate for substrate utilization and metabolite profiling of closely related fungi. J. Microbiol. Methods., 2009, 77(1), 102-108.
5. Korfmacher, W.A. Principles and applications of LC-MS in new drug discovery. Drug Discov. Today, 2005, 10(20), 1357-1367. (Pubitemid 41501790)
6. Ma, S.; Zhu, M. Recent advances in applications of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of reactive drug metabolites. Chem. Biol. Interact., 2009, 179(1), 25-37.
7. Baranczewski, P.; Sta ńczak, A.; Kautiainen, A.; Sandin, P.; Edlund, P.O. Introduction to early in vitro identification of metabolites of new chemical entities in drug discovery and development. Pharmacol. Rep., 2006, 58(3), 341-352. (Pubitemid 44111069)
8. Zhang, H.; Zhang, D.; Ray, K.; Zhu, M. Mass defect filter technique and its applications to drug metabolite identification by highresolution mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. , 2009, 44(7), 999-1016.
9. Carmella, S.G.; Chen, M.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Hatsukami, D.K.; Hecht, S.S. Quantitation of acrolein-derived (3-hydroxypropyl) mercapturic acid in human urine by liquid chromatographyatmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry: effects of cigarette smoking. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2007, 20(7), 986-990. (Pubitemid 47204811)
10. Watkins, S.M.; German, J.B. Metabolomics and biochemical profiling in drug discovery and development. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther., 2002, 4(3), 224-228. (Pubitemid 35282867)
11. Watkins, S.M.; German, J.B. Toward the implementation of metabolomic assessments of human health and nutrition. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 2002, 13(5), 512-516. (Pubitemid 35379940)
12. Nicholson, J.K.; Connelly, J.; Lindon, J.C.; Holmes E. Metabonomics: a platform for studying drug toxicity and gene function. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2002, 1(2), 153-161. (Pubitemid 41646523)
13. Anzenbacher, P.; Anzenbacherová E. Cytochromes P450 and metabolism of xenobiotics. Cell Mol. Life Sci., 2001, 58(5-6), 737-747. (Pubitemid 32553031)
14. Hyndman, D.; Bauman, D.R.; Heredia, V.V.; Penning, T.M. The aldo-keto reductase superfamily homepage. Chem. Biol. Interact., 2003, 143(144), 621-631. (Pubitemid 36246464)
15. Nordling, E.; Jörnvall, H.; Persson, B. Medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (MDR). Family characterizations including genome comparisons and active site modeling. Eur. J. Biochem., 2002, 269(17), 4267-4276. (Pubitemid 35033496)
16. Kallberg, Y.; Oppermann, U.; Jörnvall, H.; Persson, B. Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs): Coenzyme-based functional assignments in completed genomes. Eur. J. Biochem., 2002, 269(18), 409-4417.
17. Vainchtein, L.D.; Rosing, H.; Mirejovsky, D.; Huynh, V.; Lenaz, L.; Hillebrand, M.J.; Schellens, J.H.; Beijnen J.H. Quantitative analysis of EO9 (apaziquone) and its metabolite EO5a in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography under basic conditions coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 41(10), 1268-1276. (Pubitemid 44671878)
18. Liu, Z.; Floss, H.G.; Cassady, J.M.; Chan, K.K. Metabolism studies of the anti-tumor agent maytansine and its analog ansamitocin P-3 using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 40(3), 389-399. (Pubitemid 40392876)
19. Holcapek, M.; Kolárová, L.; Nobilis, M. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the identification and determination of phase I and phase II drug metabolites. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2008, 391(1), 59-78.
20. Müller, A.; Düchting, P.; Weiler, E.W. A multiplex GC-MS/MS technique for the sensitive and quantitative single-run analysis of acidic phytohormones and related compounds, and its application to Arabidopsis thaliana. Tlanta., 2002, 216(1), 44-56. (Pubitemid 36761547)
21. Kopka, J. Current challenges and developments in GC-MS based metabolite profiling technology. J. Biotechnol., 2006, 124(1), 312-322. (Pubitemid 43816128)
22. Fiehn, O.; Kopka, J.; Dörmann, P.; Altmann, T.; Trethewey, R.N.; Willmitzer, L. Metabolite profiling for plant functional genomics. Nat. Biotechnol., 2000, 18(11), 1157-1161.
23. Rudewicz, P.; Straub, K.M. Rapid structure elucidation of catecholamine conjugates with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 1986, 58(14), 2928-2934. (Pubitemid 17224194)
24. Zhu, M.; Ma, L.; Zhang, D.; Ray, K.; Zhao, W.; Humphreys W.G.; Skiles G.; Sanders M.; Zhang H. Detection and characterization of metabolites in biological matrices using mass defect filtering of liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry data. Drug Metab. Dispos. (Pubitemid 44427475)
25. Lee, M.S.; Kerns, E.H. LC/MS applications in drug development. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 1999, 18(3-4), 187-279. (Pubitemid 129660662)
26. Zhang, H.; Yang, Y. An algorithm for thorough background subtraction from high-resolution LC/MS data: application for detection of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites. J. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 43(9), 1181-1190.
27. Zhang, D. C.; Peter, T.; Zhang, H. Mass defect filtering on high resolution LC/MS data as a methodology for detecting metabolites with unpredictable structures: identification of oxazole-ring opened metabolites of muraglitazar. Drug Metab. Lett., 2007, 1(4), 287-292.
28. Zhang, H.; Ma, L.; He, K.; Zhu, M.J. An algorithm for thorough background subtraction from high-resolution LC/MS data: application to the detection of troglitazone metabolites in rat plasma, bile, and urine. J. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 43(9), 1191-1200.
29. Zhang, H.; Zhang, D.; Ray, K. A software filter to remove interference ions from drug metabolites in accurate mass liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analyses. J. Mass Spectrom., 2003, 38(10), 1110-1112. (Pubitemid 37407706)
30. Bristow, A.W. Accurate mass measurement for the determination of elemental formula - a tutorial. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2006, 25(1), 99-111.
31. Makarov, A. Electrostatic Axially Harmonic Orbital Trapping: A High-Performance Technique of Mass Analysis. Anal. Chem., 2000, 72(6), 1156-1162. (Pubitemid 30163769)
32. Glish, G.L.; Burinsky, D.J. Hybrid mass spectrometers for tandem mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 19(2), 161-172.
33. Hashimoto, Y.; Hasegawa, H.; Waki, I. Dual Linear Ion Trap/Orthogonal Acceleration Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with Improved Precursor Ion Selectivity. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 19(11), 1485-1491. (Pubitemid 40801990)
34. O'Connor, P.B.; Pittman, J.L.; Thomson, B.A.; Budnik, B.A.; Cournoyer, J.C.; Jebanathirajah, J.; Lin, C.; Moyer, S.; Zhao, C. A new hybrid electrospray Fourier transform mass spectrometer: design and performance characteristics. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 20(2),259-266. (Pubitemid 43121629)
35. Makarov, A.; Denisov, E.; Kholomeev, A.; Baischun, W.; Lange, O.; Strupat, K.; Horning, S. Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Linear Ion Trap/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer. Anal. Chem., 2006, 78(7), 2113-2120.
36. Makarov, A.; Denisov, E.; Lange, O.; Horning, S. Dynamic Range of Mass Accuracy in LTQ Orbitrap Hybrid Mass Spectrometer. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 17(7), 977-982. (Pubitemid 43928612)
37. Rao, R.N.; Shinde, D.D.; Talluri, M.V.; Agawane, S.B. LC-ESIMS determination and pharmaceutics of adrafinil in rats. J. Chromatogr. B, 2008, 873(1), 119-123.
38. Zhao, Y.R.; Ding, L.; Fan, H.W.; Yu, Y.; Qi, X.M.; Leng, Y.; Rao, Y.K. Determination of the unstable drug otilonium bromide in human plasma by LC-ESI-MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J. Chromatogr. B, 2010, 878(28), 2896-2900.
39. Wang L.; Zhang, Q.; Li, X.; Lu, Y.; Xue, Z.; Xuan, L.; Wang, Y. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of lithospermic acid by LC/MS/MS in rats. Int. J. Pharm., 2008, 350(1-2), 240-246.
40. Maurer, H.H. Multi-analyte procedures for screening for and quantification of drugs in blood, plasma, or serum by liquid chromatography-single stage or tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS or LCMS/MS) relevant to clinical and forensic toxicology. Clin. Biochem., 2005, 38(4), 310-318. (Pubitemid 40342861)
41. Stanley, S.M.; Wee, W.K.; Lim, B.H.; Foo, H.C. Direct-injection screening for acidic drugs in plasma and neutral drugs in equine urine by differential-gradient LC-LC coupled MS/MS. J. Chromatogr. B, 2007, 848(2), 292-302. (Pubitemid 46469980)
42. Bhoopathy, S.; Xin, B.; Unger, S.E.; Karnes, H.T. A novel incubation direct injection LC/MS/MS technique for in vitro drug metabolism screening studies involving the CYP 2D6 and the CYP 3A4 isozymes. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. (Pubitemid 40417748)
43. Prakash, C, Shaffer, C.L.;Nedderman, A. Analytical strategies for identifying drug metabolites. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2007, 26(3), 340-369.
44. Prakash, C.; Shaffer, C.L.; Nedderman, A. Analytical strategies for identifying drug metabolites. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2007, 26, 340-369.
45. Dolnikowski, G. G.; Kristo, M. J. Ion-Trapping Technique for Ion/Molecule Reaction Studies in the Center Quadrupole of a Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. Int. J. Mass Spec. Ion Proc., 1988, 82, 1-15.
46. Schwartz, J.C.; Senko, M.W.;Syka, J.E. A two-dimensional quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2002, 13(6), 659-669. (Pubitemid 36876020)
47. Hager, J.W. A New Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2002, 16(6), 512-526. (Pubitemid 34205042)
48. Hopfgartner, G.; Husser, C.;Zell, M. Rapid screening and characterization of drug metabolites using a new quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. J. Mass Spectrom., 2003, 38(2), 138-150. (Pubitemid 36305708)
49. Caldwell, G.W.; Yan, Z. Screening for reactive intermediates and toxicity assessment in drug discovery. Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel., 2006, 9(1), 47-60. (Pubitemid 43099075)
50. Douglas D. J. Applications of Collision Dynamics in Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1998, 9(2), 101-113.
51. Anari, M.; Baillie, T. Bridging cheminformatic metabolite prediction and tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Discov. Today, 2005, 10(10), 711-717. (Pubitemid 40724553)
52. Lim, H.K.;Chen, J.; Sensenhauser, C.; Cook, K.; Subrahmanyam, V. Metabolite identification by data-dependent accurate mass spectrometric analysis at resolving power of 60,000 in external calibration mode using an LTQ/Orbitrap. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2007, 21(12),1821-1832. (Pubitemid 46953542)
53. Baillie, T.A.;Davis, M.R. Mass spectrometry in the analysis of glutathione conjugates. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 1993, 22(6), 319-325. (Pubitemid 23165443)
54. Geerdink, R.B.; Niessen, W.M.; Brinkman, U.A.Trace-level determination of pesticides in water by means of liquid and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A, 2002, 970(1-2), 65-93. (Pubitemid 35286570)
55. Hager, J.W. A new linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom., 2002, 16(6), 512-526. (Pubitemid 34205042)
56. Hager, J.W.; Le Blanc, J.C. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a new quadrupole /linear ion trap instrument. J Chromatogr A, 2003, 1020(1), 3-9. (Pubitemid 38367556)
57. Kamel, A.; Prakash, C. High performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/API/MS/MS) in drug metabolism and toxicology. Curr. Drug Metab., 2006, 7(8), 837-852. (Pubitemid 44873710)
58. Zheng, J.; Ma, L.; Xin, B.; Olah, T.; Humphreys, W.G.; Zhu, M. Screening and identification of GSH-trapped reactive metabolites using hybrid triple quadruple linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2007, 20(5), 757-766. (Pubitemid 46953682)
59. Wen, B.; Fitch, W.L. Screening and characterization of reactive metabolites using glutathione ethyl ester in combination with Qtrap mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom., 2009, 44(1), 90-100.
60. Wen, B.; Ma, L.; Nelson, S.D.; Zhu, M. High-throughput screening and characterization of reactive metabolites using polarity switching of hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal. (Pubitemid 351429586)
61. Triolo, A.; Altamura, M.; Dimoulas, T.; Guidi, A.; Lecci, A. Tramontana M. In vivo metabolite detection and identification in drug discovery via LC-MS/MS with data-dependent scanning and postacquisition data mining. J. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 40(12), 1572-1582. (Pubitemid 43048627)
62. Li, A.C.; Shou, W.Z.; Mai, T.T.; Jiang, X.Y. Complete profiling and characterization of in vitro nefazodone metabolites using two different tandem mass spectrometric platforms. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2007, 21(24), 4001-4008.
63. Ruan Q.; Peterman S.; Szewc M.A.; Ma L.; Cui D.; Humphreys W.G.; Zhu M. An integrated method for metabolite detection and identification using a linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer and multiple data processing techniques: application to indinavir metabolite detection. J. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 43(2), 251-261. (Pubitemid 351303446)
64. Lim, H.K.; Chen, J.; Cook, K.; Sensenhauser, C.; Silva. J.; Evans D.C. A generic method to detect electrophilic intermediates using isotopic pattern triggered data-dependent high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 22(8),1295-1311. (Pubitemid 351600780)
65. Castro-Perez, J.; Plumb, R.; Granger, J.H.; Beattie, I.; Joncour, K.; Wright, A. Increasing throughput and information content for in vitro drug metabolism experiments using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 19(6),843-848. (Pubitemid 40349427)
66. Cuyckens, F.; Hurkmans, R.; Castro, P.J.M; Leclercq, L.; Mortishire, S.R.J. Extracting metabolite ions out of a matrix background by combined mass defect, neutral loss and isotope filtration. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2009, 23(2), 327-332.
67. Wrona, M.; Mauriala, T.; Bateman, K.P.; Mortishire, S.R.J; Do, C. 'All-in-One' analysis for metabolite identification using liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with collision energy switching. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 19(18), 2597-2602. (Pubitemid 41338602)
68. Yao, M.; Ma, L.; Humphreys, W,G.; Zhu, M. Rapid screening and characterization of drug metabolites using a multiple ion monitoring-dependent MS/MS acquisition method on a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. J. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 43(10), 1364-1375.
69. Yao, M.; Ma, L.; Humphreys, W.G; Zhu, M.J. Rapid screening and characterization of drug metabolites using multiple ion monitoring dependent product ion scan and postacquisition data mining on a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2009, 23(11), 1683-1693.
70. Bruno D.; Ruedi A. Mass Spectrometry and Protein. Analysis Science, 2006, 312(5771), 212-217.
71. Tiller P.R.; Yu S.; Castro-Perez J.; Fillgrove K.L.; Baillie T.A. High-throughput,accurate mass liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry on a quadrupole time-of-flight system as a 'firstline' approach for metabolite identification studies. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 22(7),1053-1061. (Pubitemid 351468262)
72. Mortishire-Smith, R.J.; O'Connor, D.; Castro-Perez, J.M.; Kirby J. Accelerated throughput metabolic route screening in early drug discovery using high-resolution liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and automated data analysis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 19(18),2659-2670. (Pubitemid 41338609)
73. Cuyckens, F.; Hurkmans, R.; Castro-Perez, J.; Leclercq, L.; Mortishire-Smith, R.J. Extracting metabolite ions out of a matrix background by combined mass defect, neutral loss and isotope filtration. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2009, 23(2), 327-332.
74. Rousu, T.; Herttuainen, J.; Tolonen, A. Comparison of triple quadrupole, hybrid linear ion trap triple quadrupole, time-of-flight and LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometers in drug discovery phase metabolite screening and identification in vitro - amitriptyline and verapamil as model compounds. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2010, 24(7), 939-957.
75. Bruno, D.; Ruedi, A. Mass Spectrometry and Protein. Analysis Sci., 2006, 312(5771), 212-217.
76. Wong M.C.;Lee W.T.; Wong J.S.; Frost G.; Lodge J. An approach towards method development for untargeted urinary metabolite profiling in metabonomic research using UPLC/QToF MS. J Chromatogr B, 2008, 871(2),341-348
77. Mortishire-Smith, RJ.; O'Connor, D.; Castro-Perez, J.M.; Kirby, J. Accelerated throughput metabolic route screening in early drug discovery using high-resolution liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and automated data analysis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 19(18), 2659-2670. (Pubitemid 41338609)
78. Bateman, K.P.; Castro-Perez, J.; Wrona, M.; Shockcor, J.P.; Yu, K.; Oballa, R.; Nicoll-Griffith, D.A. MSE with mass defect filtering for in vitro and vivo metabolite identification. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2007, 21(9), 1485-1496. (Pubitemid 46761970)
79. Ni, S.; Qian, D.; Duan, J.A.; Guo, J.; Shang, E.X.; Shu,Y.; Xue, C. UPLC-QTOF/MS-based screening and identification of the constituents and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of Glechoma longituba extract. J Chromatogr B, 2010, 878(28), 2741-2750.
80. Liu, Z.Y.; Huang, L.L.; Chen, D.M.; Dai, M.H.; Tao,Y.F.; Wang, Y.L.; Yuan Z.H. Application of electrospray ionization hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the rapid characterization of quinocetone metabolites formed in vitro. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2010, 396(3), 1259-1271.
81. Liang,Y.; Liu, L.; Lu, S.; Xie, L.; Kang, A.; Xie, T.; Xie, Y.; Sheng, L.S.; Liu, X.D.; Wang, G.J. Application of a hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer in metabolite characterization studies: structural identification of the metabolism profile of antofloxacin in rats rapidly using MSn information and accurate mass measurements. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2009, 50(5), 1022-1025.
82. Zhang, L.; You, Q.D.; Liang, Y.; Liu, W.Y.; Guo, Q.L.; Wang J.X. Identification of Gambogic Acid Metabolites in Rat Bile by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry-ion Trap-time-offlight, Chin. J. Nat. Med., 2009, 7(5), 0376-0380
83. Zheng, C.N.; Hao, H.P.; Wang, X.L.; Wu, X.L.; Wang, G.J.; Sang, G.W.; Liang, Y.; Xie, L.; Xia, C.; Yao, X. Diagnostic fragmention-based extension strategy for rapid screening and identification of serial components of homologous families contained in traditional Chinese medicine prescription using high-resolution LC-ESIIT-TOF/MS: Shengmai injection as an example. J. Mass Spectrom., 2009 ,44(2), 230-244.
84. Hao, H.P.; Cui, N.; Wang, G.J.; Xiang, B.R.; Liang, Y.; Xu, X.; Zhang, H.; Yang, J.; Zheng, C.; Wu, L.; Gong, P.; Wang, W. Global detection and identification of nontarget components from herbal preparations by liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap timeof-flight mass spectrometry and a strategy. Anal. Chem., 2008, 80(21), 8187-8194.
85. Zhu, Z.Y.; Zhang, H.; Zhao, L.; Dong, X.; Li, X.; Chai, Y.; Zhang, G. Rapid separation and identification of phenolic and diterpenoid constituents from Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae by high-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detection, electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2007, 21(12), 1855-1865. (Pubitemid 46953546)
86. Wang, Y.; Hao, H.; Wang, G.; Tu, P.; Jiang, Y.; Liang, Y.; Dai, L.; Yang, H.; Lai, L.; Zheng, C.; Wang, Q.; Cui, N.; Liu, Y. An approach to identifying sequential metabolites of a typical phenylethanoid glycoside, echinacoside, based on liquid chromatographyion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta, 2009, 80(2), 572-580.
87. Thurman, E.M.; Ferrer, I.; Zweigenbaum, J.A.; Garcia-Reyes, J.F.; Woodman, M.; Fernandez-Alba, A.R. Discovering metabolites of post-harvest fungicides in citrus with liquid chromatography/timeofflight mass spectrometry and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1082(1), 71-80. (Pubitemid 40848590)
88. Liang, Y.; Hao, H.P.; Xie, L.; Kang, A.; Xie, T.; Zheng, X.; Dai, C.; Hao, K.; Sheng, L.S.; Wang, G. Development of a Systematic Approach to Identify Metabolites for Herbal homologues based on LC-IT-TOF/MS: Gender-related Difference in Metabolism of Schisandra Lignans in Rats Drug Metab. Dispos., 2010, 38(10):1747-1759.
89. Makarov, A.; Denisov, E.; Lange, O.; Horning, S. Dynamic Range of Mass Accuracy in LTQ Orbitrap Hybrid Mass Spectrometer. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2006,17(7), 977-982. (Pubitemid 43928612)
90. Makarov, A.; Denisov, E.; Kholomeev, A.; Balschun, W.; Lange, O.; Strupat, K.; Horning, S. Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Linear Ion Trap/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer. Anal. Chem., 2006, 78(7), 2113-2120.
91. Olsen, J.V.; Godoy, L.M.; Li, G.; Macek, B.; Mortensen, P.; Pesch, R.; Makarov, A. Lange, O.; Horning, S.; Mann, M. Parts per million mass accuracy on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer via lock mass injection into a C-trap. Mol. Cell. Proteomics., 2005, 4(12), 2010-2021. (Pubitemid 41830195)
92. Scheltema, R.A.; Kamleh, A.; Wildridge, D.; Ebikeme, C.; Watson, D.G.; Barrett, M.P.; Jansen, R.C.; Breitling, R. Increasing the mass accuracy of high-resolution LC-MS data using background ions - a case study on the LTQ-Orbitrap. Proteomics, 2008, 8(22), 4647-4656.
93. Scherl, A.; Shaffer, S.A.; Taylor, G.K.; Hernandez, P.; Appel, R.D.; Binz, P.A.; Goodlett D.R. On the benefits of acquiring peptide fragment ions at high measured mass accuracy. J Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 19(6), 891-901.
94. Cox, J.; Mann, M. MaxQuant enables high peptide identification rates, individualized p.p.b.-range mass accuracies and proteomewide protein quantification. Nat Biotechnol., 2008, 26(12), 1367-1372.
95. Hu, Q.; Talaty, N.; Noll, R.J.; Cooks, R.G. Desorption electrospray ionization using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer: Exact mass measurements on drugs and peptides. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 20(22), 3403-3408. (Pubitemid 44763939)
96. Lim, H.K.; Chen, J.; Sensenhauser, C.; Cook, K.; Subrahmanyam, V. Metabolite identification by data-dependent accurate mass spectrometric analysis at resolving power of 60,000 in external calibration mode using an LTQ/Orbitrap. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom., 2007, 21(12),1821-1832. (Pubitemid 46953542)
97. Ruan, Q.; Peterman, S.; Szewc, M.A.; Ma, L.; Cui, D.; Humphreys, W.G.; Zhu, M. J. An integrated method for metabolite detection and identification using a linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer and multiple data processing techniques: application to indinavir metabolite detection. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 43(2), 251-261. (Pubitemid 351303446)
98. Rousu, T.; Herttuainen, J.; Tolonen, A. Comparison of triple quadrupole, hybrid linear ion trap triple quadrupole, time-of-flight and LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometers in drug discovery phase metabolite screening and identification in vitro-amitriptyline and verapamil as model compounds. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom., 2010, 24(7),939-957.
99. Makarov, A.; Scigelova, M. Coupling liquid chromatography to Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr A, 2010, 1217(25), 3938-3945.
100. Makarov, A.;Denisov, E.; Kholomeev, A.; Balschun, W.; Lange, O.; Strupat, K, Horning, S. Performance evaluation of a hybrid linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem., 2006, 78(7), 2113-2120.
101. Olsen, J.V.; de Godoy, L.M.; Li, G.; Macek, B.; Mortensen, P.; Pesch, R.; Makarov, A.; Lange, O.; Horning, S.; Mann, M. Parts per million mass accuracy on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer via lock mass injection into a C-trap. Mol. Cell Proteomics, 2005, 4(12), 2010-2021. (Pubitemid 41830195)
102. Olsen, J.V.; Macek, B.; Lange, O.; Makarov, A.; Horning, S.; Mann, M. Higher-energy C-trap dissociation for peptide modification analysis. Nat. Methods, 2007, 4(9), 709-712. (Pubitemid 47338163)
103. Second, T.P.; Blethrow, J.D.; Schwartz, J.C.; Merrihew, G.E.; MacCoss, M.J.; Swaney, D.L.; Russell, J.D.; Coon, J.J.; Zabrouskov, V. Dual-pressure linear ion trap mass spectrometer improving the analysis of complex protein mixtures. Anal. Chem., 2009, 81(18),7757-7765.
104. Olsen, J.V.; Schwartz, J.C.; Griep-Raming, J.; Nielsen, M.L.; Damoc, E.; Denisov, E.; Lange, O.; Remes, P.; Taylor, D.; Splendore, M.; Wouters, E.R.; Senko, M.; Makarov, A.; Mann, M.; Horning, S. A dual pressure linear ion trap Orbitrap instrument with very high sequencing speed. Mol. Cell Proteomics, 2009, 8(12),2759-2769.
105. Scarth, J.P.; Spencer, H.A.; Timbers, S.E.; Hudson, S.C.; Hillyer, L.L. The use of in vitro technologies coupled with high resolution accurate mass LC-MS for studying drug metabolism in equine drug surveillance. Drug Test Anal.., 2010, 2(1), 1-10.
106. Peterman, S.M.; Duczak, N. Jr.; Kalgutkar, A.S.; Lame, M.E.; Soglia, J.R. Application of a Linear Ion Trap/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer in Metabolite Characterization Studies: Examination of the Human Liver Microsomal Metabolism of the Non-Tricyclic Anti-Depressant Nefazodone Using Data-Dependent Accurate Mass Measurements. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 17(3), 363-375. (Pubitemid 43290195)
107. Guan, S.; Alan, G.; Marshall Ion traps for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: principles and design of geometric and electric configurations. Inter. J. Mass Spectrom. 1995, 146 (31) 261-296.
108. Zhang, L.K.; Rempel, D.; Pramanik, B.N.; Gross, M.L. Accurate Mass Measurements by Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2005, 24(2), 286-309. (Pubitemid 40325550)
109. Bristow, A.W.; Webb, K.S. Intercomparison study on accurate mass measurement of small molecules in mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2003,14(10), 1086-1098. (Pubitemid 37204960)
110. Dykes, S.; Fancy, S.A.; Perkins, G.L.; Pullen, F.S. The automation of a commercial Fourier transform mass spectrometer to provide a quick and robust method for determining exact mass for the synthetic chemist. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom., 2003, 9(2), 73-80. (Pubitemid 36782811)
111. Schwartz, J.C.; Senko, M.W.; Syka, J.E. A two-dimensional quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2002,13(6),659-669. (Pubitemid 36876020)
112. Syka, J.E.; Marto, J.A.; Bai, D.L.; Horning, S.; Senko, M.W.; Schwartz J.C.; Ueberheide B.; Garcia B.; Busby S.; Muratore T.; Shabanowitz J.; Hunt D.F. Novel linear quadrupole ion trap/FT mass spectrometer: performance characterization and use in the comparative analysis of histone H3 post-translational modifications. J. Proteome Res., 2004, 3(3), 621-626. (Pubitemid 39207368)
113. Suzuki, H.; Sasaki, R.; Ogata, Y.; Nakamura, Y.; Sakurai, N.; Kitajima, M.; Takayama, H.; Kanaya, S.; Aoki, K.; Shibata, D.; Saito, K. Metabolic profiling of flavonoids in Lotus japonicus using liquid chromatography Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Phytochemistry, 2008, 69(1), 99-111. (Pubitemid 350262815)
114. Brown, S.C.; Kruppa, G.; Dasseux, J.L. Metabolomics applications of FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev., 2005, 24(2), 223-31. (Pubitemid 40328975)
115. Han, J.; Danell, R.M.; Patel, J.R.; Gumerov, D.R.; Scarlett, C.O.; Speir, J.P.; Parker, C.E.; Rusyn, I.; Zeisel, S.; Borchers, C.H. Towards high-throughput metabolomics using ultrahigh-field Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Metabolomics, 2008, 4(2),128-140.
116. McIver, R.T.; Hunter, R.L.; Bowers, W.D. Coupling a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer and a Fourier-Transform Mass Spectrometer. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 1985, 64(1), 67-77.
117. Hunt, D.F.; Shabanowitz, J.; Yates, J.R.; Zhu, N.Z.; Russell, D.H.; Castro, M.E. Tandem quadrupole Fourier-transform mass spectrometry of oligopeptides and small proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1987, 84(3), 620-623.
118. Patrie, S.M.; Charlebois, J.P.; Whipple, D.; Kelleher, N.L.; Hendrickson C.L.; Quinn J.P.; Marshall A.G.; Mukhopadhyay B. Construction of a hybrid quadrupole/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer for versatile MS/MS above 10 kDa. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2004, 15(7), 1099-1108. (Pubitemid 38960721)
119. Borchers, C.H.; Thapar, R.; Petrotchenko, E.V.; Torres, M.P.; Speir, J.P.; Easterling, M.; Dominski, Z.; Marzluff, W.F. Combined top-down and bottom-up proteomics identifies a phosphorylation site in stem-loop-binding proteins that contributes to high-affinity RNA binding. Proc. Nat.l Acad. Sci. 2006, 103(9), 3094-3099. (Pubitemid 43346430)
120. Robinson, N.E.; Lampi, K.J.; McIver, R.T.; Williams, R.H.; Muster, W.C.; Kruppa, G.; Robinson, A.B. Quantitative measurement of deamidation in lens betaB2-crystallin and peptides by direct electrospray injection and fragmentation in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer. Mol. Vis., 2005, 11, 1211-1219. (Pubitemid 43020116)
121. Peterman, S.M.; Duczak, N. Jr.; Kalgutkar, A.S.; Lame, M.E.; Soglia, J.R. Application of a linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer in metabolite characterization studies: examination of the human liver microsomal metabolism of the non-tricyclic antidepressant nefazodone using data-dependent accurate mass measurements. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 17(3), 363-375. (Pubitemid 43290195)
122. Sanders, M.; Shipkova, P.A.; Zhang, H.; Warrack, B.M. Utility of the Hybrid LTQ-FTMS for Drug Metabolism Applications. Curr. Drug Metab., 2006, 7(5), 547-555.
123. Zhang, H.; Zhang, D.; Ray, K.; Zhu, M. Mass defect filter technique and its applications to drug metabolite identification by highresolution mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom., 2009, 44(7), 999-1016.
124. Zhu, M.; Ma, L.; Zhang, D.; Ray, K.; Zhao, W.; Humphreys, W.G.; Skiles, G.; Sanders, M.; Zhang, H. Detection and characterization of metabolites in biological matrices using mass defect filtering of liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry data. Drug Metab. Dispos. (Pubitemid 44427475)
125. Ruan Q.; Peterman S.; Szewc M. A.; Ma L.; Cui D.; Humphreys W. G.; Zhu M. An integrated method for metabolite detection and identification using a linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer and multiple data processing techniques: application to indinavir metabolite detection. J. Mass Spectrom. 2008, 43(2), 251-261. (Pubitemid 351303446)
126. Mortishire-Smith, R. J.; O'Connor, D.; Castro-Perez, J. M.; Kirby, J. Accelerated throughput metabolic route screening in early drug discovery using high-resolution liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and automated data analysis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 19(18), 2659-2670. (Pubitemid 41338609)
127. Zhu, M.; Ma, L.; Zhang, H.; Humphreys, W.G. Detection and structural characterization of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry and mass defect filtering. Anal. (Pubitemid 350060035)
128. Tiller, P.R.; Yu, S.; Bateman, K.P.;Castro-Perez, J.; McIntosh, I.S.; Kuo, Y.; Baillie, T.A. Fractional mass filtering as a means to assess circulating metabolites in early human clinical studies. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 22(22), 3510-3516.
129. Bateman, K.P.; Castro-Perez, J.; Wrona, M.; Shockcor, J.P.; Yu, K.; Oballa, R.; Nicoll-Griffith, D.A. MSE with mass defect filtering for in vitro and in vivo metabolite identification. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2007, 21(9), 1485-1496. (Pubitemid 46761970)
130. Zhang, H.; Zhang, D.; Ray, K. A software filter to remove interference ions from drug metabolites in accurate mass liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analyses. J. Mass Spectrom., 2003, 38(10), 1110-1112. (Pubitemid 37407706)
131. Zhang, D.; Cheng, P.T.; Zhang, H. Mass defect filtering on high resolution LC/MS data as a methodology for detecting metabolites with unpredictable structures: identification of oxazolering opened metabolites of muraglitazar. Drug Metab. Letters, 2007, 1(4), 287-292.
132. Lim, H.K.; Chen, J.; Cook, K.; Sensenhauser, C.; Silva, J.; Evans, D.C. A generic method to detect electrophilic intermediates using isotopic pattern triggered data-dependent high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 22(8), 1295-1311. (Pubitemid 351600780)
133. Cuyckens F.; Balcaen L. I. L.; Wolf K. D.; Samber B. D.; Looveren C. V.; Hurkmans R.; Vanhaecke F. Use of the bromine isotope ratio in HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of a new drug in development. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2008, 390(7), 1717-1729.
134. Ma, S.; Chowdhury, S.K.; Alton, K.B. Application of mass spectrometry for metabolite identification. Curr. Drug Metab., 2006, 7(5), 503-523.
135. Ma, L.; Wen, B.; Ruan, Q.; Zhu, M. Rapid screening of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites by linear ion trap mass spectrometry with isotope pattern-dependent scanning and postacquisition data mining. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2008, 21(7), 1477-1483.
136. Griffin, I. J. Using Stable Isotopes and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry to Study Mineral Metabolism in Humans. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2002, 17, 1186-1193.
137. Yan, Z.; Caldwell, G.W. Stable-Isotope Trapping and High-Throughput Screenings of Reactive Metabolites Using the Isotope MS Signature. Anal. (Pubitemid 39600854)
138. Sanchez-Ponce, R.; Guengerich, F. P. Untargeted Anal. (Pubitemid 46717166)
139. Abramson, F.P. The Use of Stable Isotopes in Drug Metabolism Studies. Semin. Perinatol., 2001, 25, 133-138. (Pubitemid 32565994)
140. Zhu, P.; Tong, W.; Alton, K.; Chowdhury, S. An accurate-massbased spectral-averaging isotope-pattern-filtering algorithm for extraction of drug metabolites possessing a distinct isotope pattern from LC-MS data. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81(14), 5910-5917.
141. Zhang, H.; Zhang, D.; Ray, K. A software filter to remove interference ions from drug metabolites in accurate mass liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analyses. J. Mass Spectrom., 2003, 38(10), 1110-2. (Pubitemid 37407706)
142. Zhang, H.; Yang, Y. An algorithm for thorough background subtraction from high-resolution LC/MS data: application for detection of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites. J. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 43(9), 1181-1190.
143. Zhang, H.; Ma, L.; He, K.; Zhu, M. An algorithm for thorough background subtraction from high-resolution LC/MS data: application to the detection of troglitazone metabolites in rat plasma, bile, and urine. J. Mass Spectrom. 2008, 43(9), 1191-1200.
144. Venter, A.; Nefliu, M.; Cooks, R.G. Ambient Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Trends in Anal. Chem., 2008, 27(4), 284-290.
145. Wiseman, J.M.; Ifa, D.R.; Venter, A.; Cooks, R.G. Ambient molecular imaging by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Nat. Protoc. 2008, 3(3), 517-524. (Pubitemid 351372236)
146. Zhen, X.; Bo, Q.; Lin, G.X.; Lai, C.F.; Hai, L. Desorption electrospray ionization. Prog. Chem., 2008, 20(4), 594-601.
147. Cody, R.B.; Laramée, J.A.; Durst, H.D. Versatile new ion source for the analysis of materials in open air under ambient conditions. Anal. (Pubitemid 40562727)
148. Chen, H.; Gamez, G.; Zenobi, R. What Can We Learn from Ambient Ionization Techniques? J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2009, 20(11),1947-1963
149. Chen, H. W.; Zheng, J.; Zhang, X.; Luo, M.B.; Wang, Z C.; Qiao, X.L. Surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for direct ambient sample analysis without toxic chemical contamination. J. Mass Spectrom., 2007, 42(8), 1045-1056. (Pubitemid 47255455)
150. Chen, H.; Zenobi, R. Neutral desorption sampling of biological surfaces for rapid chemical characterization by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc., 2008, 3(9), 1467-1475.
151. Chen, H.; Venter, A.; Cooks, R.G. Extractive electrospray ionization for direct analysis of undiluted urine, milk and other complex mixtures without sample preparation. Chem. Commun., 2006, 21(19), 2042-2044. (Pubitemid 43725994)
152. Wang, H.; Sun, W.; Zhang, J.; Yang, X.; Lin, T. Ding L. Desorption corona beam ionization source for mass spectrometry. Analyst, 2010, 135(4), 688-695.
153. Li, X.; Wang, H.; Sun, W.; Ding, L. Desorption Corona Beam Ionization Coupled with a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Substrate: Broadening the Application of Ambient Ionization for Water Samples. Anal. Chem., 2010, 82(22), 9188-9193.
154. Liu, J.; Wang, H.; Manicke, N. E.; Lin, J.M.; Cooks, R.G.; Ouyang, Z. Development, characterization, and application of paper spray ionization. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82(6), 2463-2671.
155. Wang, H.; Liu, J.; Cooks, R. G.; Ouyang, Z. Paper spray for direct analysis of complex mixtures using mass spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010, 49(5), 877-880.
156. Abe, K.; Suzuki, K.; Citterio, D. Inkjet-printed microfluidic multianalyte chemical sensing paper. Anal.. Chem. 2008, 80(18), 6928-6934.
157. Martinez, A.W.; Phillips, S.T.; Whitesides, G.M. Threedimensional microfluidic devices fabricated in layered paper and tape. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2008, 105(50), 19606-19611.
158. Jagerdeo, E.; Abdel-Rehim, M. Screening of cocaine and its metabolites in human urine samples by direct analysis in real-time source coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry after online preconcentration utilizing microextraction by packed sorbent. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2009, 20(5), 891-899.
159. Kanu, A.B.; Dwivedi, P.; Tam, M.; Matz, L.; Hill, H.H. Jr. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 43(1), 1-22. (Pubitemid 351251969)
160. McAfee, K.B; Sipler, D.P.; Edelson, D. Mobilities and reactions of ions in argon. Physical Review., 1967,160,130.
161. Moseley, J.T.; Snuggs, R.M.; Martin, D.W.; McDaniel, E.W. Mobilities, diffusion coefficients, and reaction rates of massindentified nitrogen ions in nitrogen. Physic. Rev., 1969, 178, 240.
162. Clemmer, D.E.; Hudgins, R.R.; Jarrold, M.F. Naked protein conformations: cytochrome c in the gas phase. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 117(40), 10141-10142.
163. Dwivedi, P.; Schultz, A.J.; Hill, H. Metabolic profiling of human blood by high-resolution ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS). Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2010, 29811-37, 78-90.
164. Dwivedi, P.; Wu, P.; Klopsch, S.; Puzon, G.; Xun, L.; Hill, H. Metabolic profiling by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS), Metabolomics. 2008, 4(1): 63-80. (Pubitemid 351217590)
165. McDonnell, L.A.; Remoortere, A.; Velde, N.; Zeijl, R.J.; Deelder, A.M. Imaging Mass Spectrometry Data Reduction: Automated Feature Identification and Extraction. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2010, 21(12), 1969-1978.
166. Rubakhin, S.S.; Jurchen, J.C.; Monroe, E.B.; Sweedler, J.V. Imaging mass spectrometry: fundamentals and applications to drug discovery. Drug Discov. Today, 2005, 10(12), 823-837. (Pubitemid 40824737)
167. Bothner, B.; Siuzdak, G. Electrospray ionization of a whole virus: analyzing mass, structure, and viability. Chembiochem. , 2004, 5(3), 258-260.
168. Cai, Y.; Peng, W.P.; Kuo, S.J.; Sabu, S.; Han, C.C.; Chang, H.C. Optical detection and charge-state analysis of MALDI-generated particles with molecular masses larger than 5 MDa. Anal. (Pubitemid 35006431)
169. Svatos, A. Mass spectrometric imaging of small molecules. Trends Biotechnol., 2010, 28(8), 425-434.
170. Nassar, A.E.; Talaat R.E.Strategies for dealing with metabolite elucidation in drug discovery and development. Drug Discov. Today, 2004, 9(7), 317-327. (Pubitemid 38373651)
171. Corcoran, O.; Spraul, M. LC-NMR-MS in drug discovery. Drug Discov. Today, 2003, 8(14), 624-631. (Pubitemid 36809257)
172. Burton, K.I.; Everett, J.R.; Newman, M.J.; Pullen, F.S.; Richards, D.S.; Swanson, A.G. On-line liquid chromatography coupled with high field NMR and mass spectrometry (LC-NMR-MS): a new technique for drug metabolite structure elucidation. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. (Pubitemid 27341997)
173. Mutlib, A.E.; Strupczewski, J.T.;Chesson, S.M. Application of hyphenated LC/NMR and LC/MS techniques in rapid identification of in vitro and in vivo metabolites of iloperidone. Drug Metab. Dispos., 1995, 23(9), 951-964.
174. Spraul, M.; Hofmann, M.; Lindon, J.C.; Farrant, R.D.; Seddon, M.J.; Nicholson, J.K.; Wilson, I.D. Evaluation of liquid chromatography coupled with high-field 1H NMR spectroscopy for drug metabolite detection and characterization: the identification of paracetamol metabolites in urine and bile. NMR Biomed., 1994, 7(7), 295-303.
175. Tarbit, M.H.; Berman, J. High-throughput approaches for evaluating absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of lead compounds. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 1998, 2(3), 411-416. (Pubitemid 128423247)
176. Dolan, J.W. Temperature selectivity in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 965(1-2), 195-205. (Pubitemid 34876318)
177. Prakash, C.; Shaffer, C.L.; Nedderman, A. Analytical strategies for identifying drug metabolites. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2007, 26(3), 340-369.
178. Wu, R.; Hu, L.; Wang, F.; Ye, M.; Zou, H. Recent development of monolithic stationary phases with emphasis on microscale chromatographic separation. J. Chromatogr. A, 2008, 1184(1-2), 369-92. (Pubitemid 351296217)
179. Jayamanne, M.; Granelli, I.; Tjernberg, A.; Edlund, P.O. Development of a two-dimensional liquid chromatography system for isolation of drug metabolites. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2010, 51(3), 649-657.
180. Cai, S.S.; Syage, J.A.; Hanold, K.A.;Balogh, M.P. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionizationtandem mass spectrometry for high-sensitivity and high-throughput analysis of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 16 priority pollutants polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Anal. Chem. , 2009, 81(6), 2123-2128.
181. Trösken, E.R.; Straube, E.; Lutz, W.K.; Volkel, W.; Patten, C. Quantitation of lanosterol and its major metabolite FF-MAS in an inhibition assay of CYP51 by azoles with atmospheric pressure photoionization based LC-MS/MS. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2004, 15(8), 1216-1221. (Pubitemid 38970065)
182. Takino, M.; Daishima, S.; Nakahara, T. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of patulin in apple juice using atmospheric pressure photoionization. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , 2003, 17(17), 1965-1972
183. Hop, C.E.; Chen, Y.; Yu, L.J. Uniformity of ionization response of structurally diverse analytes using a chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization source. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 19(21), 3139-3142. (Pubitemid 41540743)
184. Ramanathan, R.; Zhong, R,; Blumenkrantz, N.; Chowdhury, S.K.; Alton, K.B. Response normalized liquid chromatography nanospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2007, 18(10), 1891-1899. (Pubitemid 47419352)
185. Valaskovic, G.A.; Utley, L.; Lee, M.S.; Wu, J.T. Ultra-low flow nanospray for the normalization of conventional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry through equimolar response: standardfree quantitative estimation of metabolite levels in drug discovery. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 20(7), 1087-1096.