메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 179, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 25-37

Recent advances in applications of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of reactive drug metabolites

Author keywords

Accurate mass; Constant neutral loss scan; Glutathione conjugates; LC MS MS; LTQ; LTQ Orbitrap; Mass defect filter; Multiple reaction monitoring; Precursor ion scan; Q TOF; Q trap; Reactive metabolites

Indexed keywords

CLOZAPINE; DICLOFENAC; DRUG METABOLITE; GLUTATHIONE; IMIPRAMINE; STABLE ISOTOPE;

EID: 59649106977     PISSN: 00092797     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.09.014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (130)

References (95)
  • 1
    • 22044457413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of reactive intermediates
    • Guengerich F.P. Generation of reactive intermediates. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 19 (2005) 173-174
    • (2005) J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 173-174
    • Guengerich, F.P.1
  • 3
    • 0035701966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure toxicity relationships-how useful are they in predicting toxicities of new drugs
    • Dansette P.M., Snyder R., Delaforge M., Goibson G.G., Greom H., Jollow D.J., Monks T.J., and Sipes I.G. (Eds), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York
    • Nelson S.D. Structure toxicity relationships-how useful are they in predicting toxicities of new drugs. In: Dansette P.M., Snyder R., Delaforge M., Goibson G.G., Greom H., Jollow D.J., Monks T.J., and Sipes I.G. (Eds). Biological Reactive Intermediates VI: Chemical and Biological Mechanisms in Susceptibility to and Prevention of Environmental Diseases (2001), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York 33-44
    • (2001) Biological Reactive Intermediates VI: Chemical and Biological Mechanisms in Susceptibility to and Prevention of Environmental Diseases , pp. 33-44
    • Nelson, S.D.1
  • 4
    • 13844319935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug bioactivation, covalent binding to target proteins and toxicity relevance
    • Zhou S., Chan E., Duan W., Huang M., and Chen Y.Z. Drug bioactivation, covalent binding to target proteins and toxicity relevance. Drug Metab. Rev. 37 (2005) 41-213
    • (2005) Drug Metab. Rev. , vol.37 , pp. 41-213
    • Zhou, S.1    Chan, E.2    Duan, W.3    Huang, M.4    Chen, Y.Z.5
  • 5
    • 33845491064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical toxicology: reactive intermediates and their role in pharmacology and toxicology
    • Erve J.C. Chemical toxicology: reactive intermediates and their role in pharmacology and toxicology. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 2 (2006) 923-946
    • (2006) Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. , vol.2 , pp. 923-946
    • Erve, J.C.1
  • 6
    • 0035996570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of idiosyncratic drug reactions: reactive metabolite formation, protein binding and the regulation of the immune system
    • Ju C., and Uetrecht J.P. Mechanism of idiosyncratic drug reactions: reactive metabolite formation, protein binding and the regulation of the immune system. Curr. Drug Metab. 3 (2002) 367-377
    • (2002) Curr. Drug Metab. , vol.3 , pp. 367-377
    • Ju, C.1    Uetrecht, J.P.2
  • 8
    • 38949104743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiosyncratic drug reactions: past, present, and future
    • Uetrecht J. Idiosyncratic drug reactions: past, present, and future. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21 (2008) 84-92
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 84-92
    • Uetrecht, J.1
  • 9
    • 18844373318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of metabolism in drug-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity
    • Walgren J.L., Mitchell M.D., and Thompson D.C. Role of metabolism in drug-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 35 (2005) 325-361
    • (2005) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.35 , pp. 325-361
    • Walgren, J.L.1    Mitchell, M.D.2    Thompson, D.C.3
  • 10
    • 1642281756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-protein adducts: an industry perspective on minimizing the potential for drug bioactivation in drug discovery and development
    • Evans D.C., Watt A.P., Nicoll-Griffith D.A., and Baillie T.A. Drug-protein adducts: an industry perspective on minimizing the potential for drug bioactivation in drug discovery and development. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17 (2004) 3-16
    • (2004) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.17 , pp. 3-16
    • Evans, D.C.1    Watt, A.P.2    Nicoll-Griffith, D.A.3    Baillie, T.A.4
  • 11
    • 33748969837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of new chemical entities with decreased potential for adverse drug reactions
    • Park K.B., Dalton-Brown E., Hirst C., and Williams D.P. Selection of new chemical entities with decreased potential for adverse drug reactions. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 549 (2006) 1-8
    • (2006) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.549 , pp. 1-8
    • Park, K.B.1    Dalton-Brown, E.2    Hirst, C.3    Williams, D.P.4
  • 12
    • 38949088196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and toxicity of drugs. Two decades of progress in industrial drug metabolism
    • Baillie T.A. Metabolism and toxicity of drugs. Two decades of progress in industrial drug metabolism. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21 (2008) 129-137
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 129-137
    • Baillie, T.A.1
  • 13
    • 0042831348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for the potential of a drug candidate to cause idiosyncratic drug reactions
    • Uetrecht J. Screening for the potential of a drug candidate to cause idiosyncratic drug reactions. Drug Discov. Today 8 (2003) 832-837
    • (2003) Drug Discov. Today , vol.8 , pp. 832-837
    • Uetrecht, J.1
  • 14
    • 34047266790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying mechanisms of chemical toxicity to predict drug safety
    • Guengerich F.P., and MacDonald J.S. Applying mechanisms of chemical toxicity to predict drug safety. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 20 (2007) 344-369
    • (2007) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.20 , pp. 344-369
    • Guengerich, F.P.1    MacDonald, J.S.2
  • 15
    • 33746255370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future of toxicology-metabolic activation and drug design: challenges and opportunities in chemical toxicology
    • Baillie T.A. Future of toxicology-metabolic activation and drug design: challenges and opportunities in chemical toxicology. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006) 889-893
    • (2006) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 889-893
    • Baillie, T.A.1
  • 16
    • 12244284627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimizing the potential for metabolic activation as an integral part of drug design
    • Evans D.C., and Baillie T.A. Minimizing the potential for metabolic activation as an integral part of drug design. Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel. 8 (2005) 44-50
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel. , vol.8 , pp. 44-50
    • Evans, D.C.1    Baillie, T.A.2
  • 17
    • 33749009806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting and characterizing reactive metabolites by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
    • Ma S., and Subramanian R. Detecting and characterizing reactive metabolites by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 41 (2006) 1121-1139
    • (2006) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.41 , pp. 1121-1139
    • Ma, S.1    Subramanian, R.2
  • 18
    • 50049084336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covalent binding and tissue distribution/retention assessment of drugs associated with idiosyncratic drug toxicity
    • Takakusa H., Masumoto H., Yukinaga H., Makino C., Nakayama S., Okazaki O., and Sudo K. Covalent binding and tissue distribution/retention assessment of drugs associated with idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Drug Metab. Dispos. 36 (2008) 1770-1779
    • (2008) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.36 , pp. 1770-1779
    • Takakusa, H.1    Masumoto, H.2    Yukinaga, H.3    Makino, C.4    Nakayama, S.5    Okazaki, O.6    Sudo, K.7
  • 19
    • 34547344360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New analytical strategies in studying drug metabolism
    • Staack R.F., and Hopfgartner G. New analytical strategies in studying drug metabolism. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 388 (2007) 1365-1380
    • (2007) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , vol.388 , pp. 1365-1380
    • Staack, R.F.1    Hopfgartner, G.2
  • 20
    • 9944238750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the decision-making process in structural modification of drug candidates: reducing toxicity
    • Nassar A.E., Kamel A.M., and Clarimont C. Improving the decision-making process in structural modification of drug candidates: reducing toxicity. Drug Discov. Today 9 (2004) 1055-1064
    • (2004) Drug Discov. Today , vol.9 , pp. 1055-1064
    • Nassar, A.E.1    Kamel, A.M.2    Clarimont, C.3
  • 21
    • 84889328902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocols for assessment of in vitro and in vivo bioactivation potential of drug candidates
    • Zhang D., Zhu M., and Humphreys W.G. (Eds), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ
    • Zhang Z., and Gan J. Protocols for assessment of in vitro and in vivo bioactivation potential of drug candidates. In: Zhang D., Zhu M., and Humphreys W.G. (Eds). Drug Metabolism in Drug Design and Development: Basic Concepts and Practice (2007), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ 447-476
    • (2007) Drug Metabolism in Drug Design and Development: Basic Concepts and Practice , pp. 447-476
    • Zhang, Z.1    Gan, J.2
  • 22
    • 0027205012 scopus 로고
    • Mass spectrometry in the analysis of glutathione conjugates
    • Baillie T.A., and Davis M.R. Mass spectrometry in the analysis of glutathione conjugates. Biol. Mass Spectrom. 22 (1993) 319-325
    • (1993) Biol. Mass Spectrom. , vol.22 , pp. 319-325
    • Baillie, T.A.1    Davis, M.R.2
  • 23
    • 0035699746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive metabolite screen for reducing candidate attrition in drug discovery
    • Dansette P.M., Snyder R., Delaforge M., Goibson G.G., Greom H., Jollow D.J., Monks T.J., and Sipes I.G. (Eds), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York
    • Chen W.G., Zhang C., Avery M.J., and Fouda H. Reactive metabolite screen for reducing candidate attrition in drug discovery. In: Dansette P.M., Snyder R., Delaforge M., Goibson G.G., Greom H., Jollow D.J., Monks T.J., and Sipes I.G. (Eds). Biological Reactive Intermediates VI: Chemical and Biological Mechanisms in Susceptibility to and Prevention of Environmental Diseases (2001), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York 521-524
    • (2001) Biological Reactive Intermediates VI: Chemical and Biological Mechanisms in Susceptibility to and Prevention of Environmental Diseases , pp. 521-524
    • Chen, W.G.1    Zhang, C.2    Avery, M.J.3    Fouda, H.4
  • 24
    • 10044279528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable-isotope trapping and high-throughput screenings of reactive metabolites using the isotope MS signature
    • Yan Z., and Caldwell G.W. Stable-isotope trapping and high-throughput screenings of reactive metabolites using the isotope MS signature. Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 6835-6847
    • (2004) Anal. Chem. , vol.76 , pp. 6835-6847
    • Yan, Z.1    Caldwell, G.W.2
  • 25
    • 41149180635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput screening and characterization of reactive metabolites using polarity switching of hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry
    • Wen B., Ma L., Nelson S.D., and Zhu M. High-throughput screening and characterization of reactive metabolites using polarity switching of hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 80 (2008) 1788-1799
    • (2008) Anal. Chem. , vol.80 , pp. 1788-1799
    • Wen, B.1    Ma, L.2    Nelson, S.D.3    Zhu, M.4
  • 26
    • 52649157604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An algorithm for thorough background subtraction from high-resolution LC/MS data: application for detection of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites
    • Zhang H., and Yang Y. An algorithm for thorough background subtraction from high-resolution LC/MS data: application for detection of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites. J. Mass Spectrom. (2008) 1181-1190
    • (2008) J. Mass Spectrom. , pp. 1181-1190
    • Zhang, H.1    Yang, Y.2
  • 27
    • 34250753332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening and identification of GSH-trapped reactive metabolites using hybrid triple quadruple linear ion trap mass spectrometry
    • Zheng J., Ma L., Xin B., Olah T., Humphreys W.G., and Zhu M. Screening and identification of GSH-trapped reactive metabolites using hybrid triple quadruple linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 20 (2007) 757-766
    • (2007) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.20 , pp. 757-766
    • Zheng, J.1    Ma, L.2    Xin, B.3    Olah, T.4    Humphreys, W.G.5    Zhu, M.6
  • 28
    • 35848937158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and structural characterization of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry and mass defect filtering
    • Zhu M., Ma L., Zhang H., and Humphreys W.G. Detection and structural characterization of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry and mass defect filtering. Anal. Chem. 79 (2007) 8333-8341
    • (2007) Anal. Chem. , vol.79 , pp. 8333-8341
    • Zhu, M.1    Ma, L.2    Zhang, H.3    Humphreys, W.G.4
  • 29
    • 14844316005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for screening glutathione conjugates using exact mass neutral loss acquisition
    • Castro-Perez J., Plumb R., Liang L., and Yang E. A high-throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for screening glutathione conjugates using exact mass neutral loss acquisition. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 19 (2005) 798-804
    • (2005) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.19 , pp. 798-804
    • Castro-Perez, J.1    Plumb, R.2    Liang, L.3    Yang, E.4
  • 30
    • 30744432123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for reactive intermediates and toxicity assessment in drug discovery
    • Caldwell G.W., and Yan Z. Screening for reactive intermediates and toxicity assessment in drug discovery. Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel. 9 (2006) 47-60
    • (2006) Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel. , vol.9 , pp. 47-60
    • Caldwell, G.W.1    Yan, Z.2
  • 31
    • 33845459807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing metabolic activation as an integral component of drug design
    • Doss G.A., and Baillie T.A. Addressing metabolic activation as an integral component of drug design. Drug Metab. Rev. 38 (2006) 641-649
    • (2006) Drug Metab. Rev. , vol.38 , pp. 641-649
    • Doss, G.A.1    Baillie, T.A.2
  • 32
    • 51249100615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of biotransformation studies in minimizing metabolism-related liabilities in drug discovery
    • Shu Y.Z., Johnson B.M., and Yang T.J. Role of biotransformation studies in minimizing metabolism-related liabilities in drug discovery. AAPS J. 10 (2008) 178-192
    • (2008) AAPS J. , vol.10 , pp. 178-192
    • Shu, Y.Z.1    Johnson, B.M.2    Yang, T.J.3
  • 33
    • 84889468868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADME studies in animals and humans: experimental design, metabolite profiling and identification, and data presentation
    • Zhang D., Zhu M., and Humphreys W.G. (Eds), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ
    • Zhang D., and Comezoglu S.N. ADME studies in animals and humans: experimental design, metabolite profiling and identification, and data presentation. In: Zhang D., Zhu M., and Humphreys W.G. (Eds). Drug Metabolism in Drug Design and Development: Basic Concepts and Practice (2007), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ 573-604
    • (2007) Drug Metabolism in Drug Design and Development: Basic Concepts and Practice , pp. 573-604
    • Zhang, D.1    Comezoglu, S.N.2
  • 35
    • 18944396519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dansyl glutathione as a trapping agent for the quantitative estimation and identification of reactive metabolites
    • Gan J., Harper T.W., Hsueh M.M., Qu Q., and Humphreys W.G. Dansyl glutathione as a trapping agent for the quantitative estimation and identification of reactive metabolites. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 18 (2005) 896-903
    • (2005) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.18 , pp. 896-903
    • Gan, J.1    Harper, T.W.2    Hsueh, M.M.3    Qu, Q.4    Humphreys, W.G.5
  • 36
    • 0025986938 scopus 로고
    • Trapping of reactive intermediates by incorporation of 14C-sodium cyanide during microsomal oxidation
    • Gorrod J.W., Whittlesea C.M., and Lam S.P. Trapping of reactive intermediates by incorporation of 14C-sodium cyanide during microsomal oxidation. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 283 (1991) 657-664
    • (1991) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.283 , pp. 657-664
    • Gorrod, J.W.1    Whittlesea, C.M.2    Lam, S.P.3
  • 37
    • 34047275727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of in vivo potential for metabolic activation of drugs into chemically reactive intermediate: correlation of in vitro and in vivo generation of reactive intermediates and in vitro glutathione conjugate formation in rats and humans
    • Masubuchi N., Makino C., and Murayama N. Prediction of in vivo potential for metabolic activation of drugs into chemically reactive intermediate: correlation of in vitro and in vivo generation of reactive intermediates and in vitro glutathione conjugate formation in rats and humans. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 20 (2007) 455-464
    • (2007) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.20 , pp. 455-464
    • Masubuchi, N.1    Makino, C.2    Murayama, N.3
  • 38
    • 59649093991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification and structural elucidation of low quantities of radiolabeled metabolites using microplate scintillation counting (MSC) techniques in conjunction with LC-MS
    • Chowdhury S. (Ed), Elsevier Science, Oxford, UK
    • Zhu M., Zhang D., and Skiles G. Quantification and structural elucidation of low quantities of radiolabeled metabolites using microplate scintillation counting (MSC) techniques in conjunction with LC-MS. In: Chowdhury S. (Ed). Identification and Quantification of Drugs, Metabolites and Metabolizing Enzymes by LC-MS (2005), Elsevier Science, Oxford, UK 195-225
    • (2005) Identification and Quantification of Drugs, Metabolites and Metabolizing Enzymes by LC-MS , pp. 195-225
    • Zhu, M.1    Zhang, D.2    Skiles, G.3
  • 39
    • 84889482584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of liquid radiochromatography techniques in drug metabolism studies
    • Zhang D., Zhu M., and Humphreys W.G. (Eds), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ
    • Zhu M., Zhao W., and Humphreys W.G. Applications of liquid radiochromatography techniques in drug metabolism studies. In: Zhang D., Zhu M., and Humphreys W.G. (Eds). Drug Metabolism in Drug Design and Development: Basic Concepts and Practice (2007), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ 289-318
    • (2007) Drug Metabolism in Drug Design and Development: Basic Concepts and Practice , pp. 289-318
    • Zhu, M.1    Zhao, W.2    Humphreys, W.G.3
  • 40
    • 84889367186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for metabolite identification
    • Zhang D., Zhu M., and Humphreys W.G. (Eds), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ
    • Ma S., and Chowdhury S. Application of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for metabolite identification. In: Zhang D., Zhu M., and Humphreys W.G. (Eds). Drug Metabolism in Drug Design and Development: Basic Concepts and Practice (2007), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ 319-367
    • (2007) Drug Metabolism in Drug Design and Development: Basic Concepts and Practice , pp. 319-367
    • Ma, S.1    Chowdhury, S.2
  • 41
    • 27944457524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid detection and characterization of minor reactive metabolites using stable-isotope trapping in combination with tandem mass spectrometry
    • Yan Z., Maher N., Torres R., Caldwell G.W., and Huebert N. Rapid detection and characterization of minor reactive metabolites using stable-isotope trapping in combination with tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 19 (2005) 3322-3330
    • (2005) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.19 , pp. 3322-3330
    • Yan, Z.1    Maher, N.2    Torres, R.3    Caldwell, G.W.4    Huebert, N.5
  • 42
    • 28044460319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of stable isotope labeled glutathione and rapid scanning mass spectrometers in detecting and characterizing reactive metabolites
    • Mutlib A., Lam W., Atherton J., Chen H., Galatsis P., and Stolle W. Application of stable isotope labeled glutathione and rapid scanning mass spectrometers in detecting and characterizing reactive metabolites. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 19 (2005) 3482-3492
    • (2005) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.19 , pp. 3482-3492
    • Mutlib, A.1    Lam, W.2    Atherton, J.3    Chen, H.4    Galatsis, P.5    Stolle, W.6
  • 43
    • 27144477300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyanide trapping of iminium ion reactive intermediates followed by detection and structure identification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
    • Argoti D., Liang L., Conteh A., Chen L., Bershas D., Yu C.P., Vouros P., and Yang E. Cyanide trapping of iminium ion reactive intermediates followed by detection and structure identification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chem. Res. Toxicol. 18 (2005) 1537-1544
    • (2005) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.18 , pp. 1537-1544
    • Argoti, D.1    Liang, L.2    Conteh, A.3    Chen, L.4    Bershas, D.5    Yu, C.P.6    Vouros, P.7    Yang, E.8
  • 44
    • 34250190975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a trapping agent for simultaneous capturing and high-throughput screening of both "soft" and "hard" reactive metabolites
    • Yan Z., Maher N., Torres R., and Huebert N. Use of a trapping agent for simultaneous capturing and high-throughput screening of both "soft" and "hard" reactive metabolites. Anal. Chem. 79 (2007) 4206-4214
    • (2007) Anal. Chem. , vol.79 , pp. 4206-4214
    • Yan, Z.1    Maher, N.2    Torres, R.3    Huebert, N.4
  • 45
    • 33748656068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinedione bioactivation: a comparison of the bioactivation potentials of troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone using stable isotope-labeled analogues and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
    • Alvarez-Sanchez R., Montavon F., Hartung T., and Pahler A. Thiazolidinedione bioactivation: a comparison of the bioactivation potentials of troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone using stable isotope-labeled analogues and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006) 1106-1116
    • (2006) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 1106-1116
    • Alvarez-Sanchez, R.1    Montavon, F.2    Hartung, T.3    Pahler, A.4
  • 47
    • 41549150792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual negative precursor ion scan approach for rapid detection of glutathione conjugates using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
    • Mahajan M.K., and Evans C.A. Dual negative precursor ion scan approach for rapid detection of glutathione conjugates using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 22 (2008) 1032-1040
    • (2008) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.22 , pp. 1032-1040
    • Mahajan, M.K.1    Evans, C.A.2
  • 48
    • 0035416421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic LC/MS metabolite identification in drug discovery
    • Clarke N.J., Rindgen D., Korfmacher W.A., and Cox K.A. Systematic LC/MS metabolite identification in drug discovery. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 430A-439A
    • (2001) Anal. Chem. , vol.73
    • Clarke, N.J.1    Rindgen, D.2    Korfmacher, W.A.3    Cox, K.A.4
  • 49
    • 34248582576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytical strategies for identifying drug metabolites
    • Prakash C., Shaffer C.L., and Nedderman A. Analytical strategies for identifying drug metabolites. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 26 (2007) 340-369
    • (2007) Mass Spectrom. Rev. , vol.26 , pp. 340-369
    • Prakash, C.1    Shaffer, C.L.2    Nedderman, A.3
  • 50
    • 49049114287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid screening of GSH-trapped reactive metabolites by linear ion trap mass spectrometry with isotope pattern-dependent scanning and post-acquisition data mining
    • Ma L., Wen B., Ruan Q., and Zhu M. Rapid screening of GSH-trapped reactive metabolites by linear ion trap mass spectrometry with isotope pattern-dependent scanning and post-acquisition data mining. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21 (2008) 1477-1483
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 1477-1483
    • Ma, L.1    Wen, B.2    Ruan, Q.3    Zhu, M.4
  • 51
    • 42449117632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of novel reactive metabolites of trazodone: evidence for CYP2D6-mediated bioactivation of m-chlorophenylpiperazine
    • Wen B., Ma L., Rodrigues D., and Zhu M. Detection of novel reactive metabolites of trazodone: evidence for CYP2D6-mediated bioactivation of m-chlorophenylpiperazine. Drug Metab. Dispos. 36 (2008) 841-850
    • (2008) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.36 , pp. 841-850
    • Wen, B.1    Ma, L.2    Rodrigues, D.3    Zhu, M.4
  • 52
    • 41949120073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioactivation of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline to arene oxide intermediates in human liver microsomes and recombinant P450s
    • Wen B., Ma L., and Zhu M. Bioactivation of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline to arene oxide intermediates in human liver microsomes and recombinant P450s. Chem. Biol. Interact. 173 (2008) 59-67
    • (2008) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.173 , pp. 59-67
    • Wen, B.1    Ma, L.2    Zhu, M.3
  • 53
    • 58249118866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening and characterization of reactive metabolites using glutathione ethyl ester in combination with Q-trap mass spectrometry
    • in press
    • B. Wen, W.L. Fitch, Screening and characterization of reactive metabolites using glutathione ethyl ester in combination with Q-trap mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., in press.
    • J. Mass Spectrom
    • Wen, B.1    Fitch, W.L.2
  • 54
    • 4444361038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of a higher throughput reactive intermediate screening assay incorporating micro-bore liquid chromatography-micro-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and glutathione ethyl ester as an in vitro conjugating agent
    • Soglia J.R., Harriman S.P., Zhao S., Barberia J., Cole M.J., Boyd J.G., and Contillo L.G. The development of a higher throughput reactive intermediate screening assay incorporating micro-bore liquid chromatography-micro-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and glutathione ethyl ester as an in vitro conjugating agent. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 36 (2004) 105-116
    • (2004) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. , vol.36 , pp. 105-116
    • Soglia, J.R.1    Harriman, S.P.2    Zhao, S.3    Barberia, J.4    Cole, M.J.5    Boyd, J.G.6    Contillo, L.G.7
  • 55
    • 44149108220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the bioactivation potential of the antidepressant and hepatotoxin nefazodone with aripiprazole, a structural analog and marketed drug
    • Bauman J.N., Frederick K.S., Sawant A., Walsky R.L., Cox L.M., Obach R.S., and Kalgutkar A.S. Comparison of the bioactivation potential of the antidepressant and hepatotoxin nefazodone with aripiprazole, a structural analog and marketed drug. Drug Metab. Dispos. 36 (2008) 1016-1029
    • (2008) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.36 , pp. 1016-1029
    • Bauman, J.N.1    Frederick, K.S.2    Sawant, A.3    Walsky, R.L.4    Cox, L.M.5    Obach, R.S.6    Kalgutkar, A.S.7
  • 56
    • 33344464424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer in metabolite characterization studies: examination of the human liver microsomal metabolism of the non-tricyclic anti-depressant nefazodone using data-dependent accurate mass measurements
    • Peterman S.M., Duczak Jr. N., Kalgutkar A.S., Lame M.E., and Soglia J.R. Application of a linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer in metabolite characterization studies: examination of the human liver microsomal metabolism of the non-tricyclic anti-depressant nefazodone using data-dependent accurate mass measurements. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 17 (2006) 363-375
    • (2006) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. , vol.17 , pp. 363-375
    • Peterman, S.M.1    Duczak Jr., N.2    Kalgutkar, A.S.3    Lame, M.E.4    Soglia, J.R.5
  • 57
    • 33745758510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of the hybrid LTQ-FTMS for drug metabolism applications
    • Sanders M., Shipkova P.A., Zhang H., and Warrack B.M. Utility of the hybrid LTQ-FTMS for drug metabolism applications. Curr. Drug Metab. 7 (2006) 547-555
    • (2006) Curr. Drug Metab. , vol.7 , pp. 547-555
    • Sanders, M.1    Shipkova, P.A.2    Zhang, H.3    Warrack, B.M.4
  • 58
    • 0242521617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A software filter to remove interference ions from drug metabolites in accurate mass liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analyses
    • Zhang H., Zhang D., and Ray K. A software filter to remove interference ions from drug metabolites in accurate mass liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analyses. J. Mass Spectrom. 38 (2003) 1110-1112
    • (2003) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.38 , pp. 1110-1112
    • Zhang, H.1    Zhang, D.2    Ray, K.3
  • 59
    • 33748902567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and characterization of metabolites in biological matrices using mass defect filtering of liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry data
    • Zhu M., Ma L., Zhang D., Ray K., Zhao W., Humphreys W.G., Skiles G., Sanders M., and Zhang H. Detection and characterization of metabolites in biological matrices using mass defect filtering of liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry data. Drug Metab. Dispos. 34 (2006) 1722-1733
    • (2006) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.34 , pp. 1722-1733
    • Zhu, M.1    Ma, L.2    Zhang, D.3    Ray, K.4    Zhao, W.5    Humphreys, W.G.6    Skiles, G.7    Sanders, M.8    Zhang, H.9
  • 60
    • 39749201504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated method for metabolite detection and identification using a linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer and multiple data processing techniques: application to indinavir metabolite detection
    • Ruan Q., Peterman S., Szewc M.A., Ma L., Cui D., Humphreys W.G., and Zhu M. An integrated method for metabolite detection and identification using a linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer and multiple data processing techniques: application to indinavir metabolite detection. J. Mass Spectrom. 43 (2008) 251-261
    • (2008) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.43 , pp. 251-261
    • Ruan, Q.1    Peterman, S.2    Szewc, M.A.3    Ma, L.4    Cui, D.5    Humphreys, W.G.6    Zhu, M.7
  • 62
    • 33847212842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and future trends in the application of HPLC-MS to metabolite-identification studies
    • Castro-Perez J.M. Current and future trends in the application of HPLC-MS to metabolite-identification studies. Drug Discov. Today 12 (2007) 249-256
    • (2007) Drug Discov. Today , vol.12 , pp. 249-256
    • Castro-Perez, J.M.1
  • 63
    • 46849091191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass defect profiles of biological matrices and the general applicability of mass defect filtering for metabolite detection
    • Zhang H., Zhu M., Ray K.L., Ma L., and Zhang D. Mass defect profiles of biological matrices and the general applicability of mass defect filtering for metabolite detection. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 22 (2008) 2082-2088
    • (2008) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.22 , pp. 2082-2088
    • Zhang, H.1    Zhu, M.2    Ray, K.L.3    Ma, L.4    Zhang, D.5
  • 64
    • 42649118458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A generic method to detect electrophilic intermediates using isotopic pattern triggered data-dependent high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry
    • Lim H.K., Chen J., Cook K., Sensenhauser C., Silva J., and Evans D.C. A generic method to detect electrophilic intermediates using isotopic pattern triggered data-dependent high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 22 (2008) 1295-1311
    • (2008) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.22 , pp. 1295-1311
    • Lim, H.K.1    Chen, J.2    Cook, K.3    Sensenhauser, C.4    Silva, J.5    Evans, D.C.6
  • 65
    • 52649120186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An algorithm for thorough background subtraction from high-resolution LC/MS data: application to the detection of troglitazone metabolites in rat plasma, bile, and urine
    • Zhang H., Ma L., He K., and Zhu M. An algorithm for thorough background subtraction from high-resolution LC/MS data: application to the detection of troglitazone metabolites in rat plasma, bile, and urine. J. Mass Spectrom. 43 (2008) 1191-1200
    • (2008) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.43 , pp. 1191-1200
    • Zhang, H.1    Ma, L.2    He, K.3    Zhu, M.4
  • 67
    • 23444454671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of low level radioactive metabolites in biological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography with microplate scintillation counting: method validation and application
    • Zhu M., Zhao W., Vazquez N., and Mitroka J.G. Analysis of low level radioactive metabolites in biological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography with microplate scintillation counting: method validation and application. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 39 (2005) 233-245
    • (2005) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. , vol.39 , pp. 233-245
    • Zhu, M.1    Zhao, W.2    Vazquez, N.3    Mitroka, J.G.4
  • 68
    • 33645469797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A semiquantitative method for the determination of reactive metabolite conjugate levels in vitro utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and novel quaternary ammonium glutathione analogues
    • Soglia J.R., Contillo L.G., Kalgutkar A.S., Zhao S., Hop C.E., Boyd J.G., and Cole M.J. A semiquantitative method for the determination of reactive metabolite conjugate levels in vitro utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and novel quaternary ammonium glutathione analogues. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006) 480-490
    • (2006) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 480-490
    • Soglia, J.R.1    Contillo, L.G.2    Kalgutkar, A.S.3    Zhao, S.4    Hop, C.E.5    Boyd, J.G.6    Cole, M.J.7
  • 69
    • 33751225931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative measurement of sulforaphane, iberin and their mercapturic acid pathway metabolites in human plasma and urine using liquid chromatography-tandem electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry
    • Al Janobi A.A., Mithen R.F., Gasper A.V., Shaw P.N., Middleton R.J., Ortori C.A., and Barrett D.A. Quantitative measurement of sulforaphane, iberin and their mercapturic acid pathway metabolites in human plasma and urine using liquid chromatography-tandem electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 844 (2006) 223-234
    • (2006) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.844 , pp. 223-234
    • Al Janobi, A.A.1    Mithen, R.F.2    Gasper, A.V.3    Shaw, P.N.4    Middleton, R.J.5    Ortori, C.A.6    Barrett, D.A.7
  • 70
    • 18344389347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of urinary N-acetyl-S-(propionamide)cysteine using an on-line clean-up system coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
    • Li C.M., Hu C.W., and Wu K.Y. Quantification of urinary N-acetyl-S-(propionamide)cysteine using an on-line clean-up system coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 40 (2005) 511-515
    • (2005) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.40 , pp. 511-515
    • Li, C.M.1    Hu, C.W.2    Wu, K.Y.3
  • 71
    • 33749036597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of N-acetyl-S-(9,10-dihydro-9-hydroxy-10-phenanthryl)-l-cysteine in human urine: comparison with glutathione-S-transferase genotypes in smokers
    • Upadhyaya P., Rao P., Hochalter J.B., Li Z.Z., Villalta P.W., and Hecht S.S. Quantitation of N-acetyl-S-(9,10-dihydro-9-hydroxy-10-phenanthryl)-l-cysteine in human urine: comparison with glutathione-S-transferase genotypes in smokers. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006) 1234-1240
    • (2006) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 1234-1240
    • Upadhyaya, P.1    Rao, P.2    Hochalter, J.B.3    Li, Z.Z.4    Villalta, P.W.5    Hecht, S.S.6
  • 72
    • 34547638065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of acrolein-derived (3-hydroxypropyl)mercapturic acid in human urine by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry: effects of cigarette smoking
    • Carmella S.G., Chen M., Zhang Y., Zhang S., Hatsukami D.K., and Hecht S.S. Quantitation of acrolein-derived (3-hydroxypropyl)mercapturic acid in human urine by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry: effects of cigarette smoking. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 20 (2007) 986-990
    • (2007) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.20 , pp. 986-990
    • Carmella, S.G.1    Chen, M.2    Zhang, Y.3    Zhang, S.4    Hatsukami, D.K.5    Hecht, S.S.6
  • 73
    • 33845318191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous glutathione adducts
    • Blair I.A. Endogenous glutathione adducts. Curr. Drug Metab. 7 (2006) 853-872
    • (2006) Curr. Drug Metab. , vol.7 , pp. 853-872
    • Blair, I.A.1
  • 76
    • 33845769325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety assessment of drug metabolites: characterization of chemically stable metabolites
    • Humphreys W.G., and Unger S.E. Safety assessment of drug metabolites: characterization of chemically stable metabolites. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006) 1564-1569
    • (2006) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 1564-1569
    • Humphreys, W.G.1    Unger, S.E.2
  • 77
    • 33845748169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolites and safety: What are the concerns, and how should we address them?
    • Smith D.A., and Obach R.S. Metabolites and safety: What are the concerns, and how should we address them?. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006) 1570-1579
    • (2006) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 1570-1579
    • Smith, D.A.1    Obach, R.S.2
  • 78
    • 33749262110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of mercapturic acids from acrylamide and glycidamide in human urine using a column switching tool with two trap columns and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
    • Kellert M., Scholz K., Wagner S., Dekant W., and Volkel W. Quantitation of mercapturic acids from acrylamide and glycidamide in human urine using a column switching tool with two trap columns and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1131 (2006) 58-66
    • (2006) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1131 , pp. 58-66
    • Kellert, M.1    Scholz, K.2    Wagner, S.3    Dekant, W.4    Volkel, W.5
  • 79
    • 27844579198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid detection and identification of N-acetyl-l-cysteine thioethers using constant neutral loss and theoretical multiple reaction monitoring combined with enhanced product-ion scans on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer
    • Scholz K., Dekant W., Volkel W., and Pahler A. Rapid detection and identification of N-acetyl-l-cysteine thioethers using constant neutral loss and theoretical multiple reaction monitoring combined with enhanced product-ion scans on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 16 (2005) 1976-1984
    • (2005) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. , vol.16 , pp. 1976-1984
    • Scholz, K.1    Dekant, W.2    Volkel, W.3    Pahler, A.4
  • 80
    • 33144456906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabonomics and biomarker discovery: LC-MS metabolic profiling and constant neutral loss scanning combined with multivariate data analysis for mercapturic acid analysis
    • Wagner S., Scholz K., Donegan M., Burton L., Wingate J., and Volkel W. Metabonomics and biomarker discovery: LC-MS metabolic profiling and constant neutral loss scanning combined with multivariate data analysis for mercapturic acid analysis. Anal. Chem. 78 (2006) 1296-1305
    • (2006) Anal. Chem. , vol.78 , pp. 1296-1305
    • Wagner, S.1    Scholz, K.2    Donegan, M.3    Burton, L.4    Wingate, J.5    Volkel, W.6
  • 81
    • 34247115128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tools in metabonomics: an integrated validation approach for LC-MS metabolic profiling of mercapturic acids in human urine
    • Wagner S., Scholz K., Sieber M., Kellert M., and Voelkel W. Tools in metabonomics: an integrated validation approach for LC-MS metabolic profiling of mercapturic acids in human urine. Anal. Chem. 79 (2007) 2918-2926
    • (2007) Anal. Chem. , vol.79 , pp. 2918-2926
    • Wagner, S.1    Scholz, K.2    Sieber, M.3    Kellert, M.4    Voelkel, W.5
  • 82
    • 41849111307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of furan exposure by metabolic profiling of rat urine with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and principal component analysis
    • Kellert M., Wagner S., Lutz U., and Lutz W.K. Biomarkers of furan exposure by metabolic profiling of rat urine with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and principal component analysis. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21 (2008) 761-768
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 761-768
    • Kellert, M.1    Wagner, S.2    Lutz, U.3    Lutz, W.K.4
  • 83
    • 38949099990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism-based inactivation of human cytochromes p450s: experimental characterization, reactive intermediates, and clinical implications
    • Hollenberg P.F., Kent U.M., and Bumpus N.N. Mechanism-based inactivation of human cytochromes p450s: experimental characterization, reactive intermediates, and clinical implications. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21 (2008) 189-205
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 189-205
    • Hollenberg, P.F.1    Kent, U.M.2    Bumpus, N.N.3
  • 86
    • 0028961939 scopus 로고
    • Different metabolic pathways of 2,5-difluoronitrobenzene and 2,5-difluoroaminobenzene compared to molecular orbital substrate characteristics
    • Rietjens I.M., Cnubben N.H., van Haandel M., Tyrakowska B., Soffers A.E., and Vervoort J. Different metabolic pathways of 2,5-difluoronitrobenzene and 2,5-difluoroaminobenzene compared to molecular orbital substrate characteristics. Chem. Biol. Interact. 94 (1995) 49-72
    • (1995) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.94 , pp. 49-72
    • Rietjens, I.M.1    Cnubben, N.H.2    van Haandel, M.3    Tyrakowska, B.4    Soffers, A.E.5    Vervoort, J.6
  • 87
    • 27544478275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uniformity of ionization response of structurally diverse analytes using a chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization source
    • Hop C.E., Chen Y., and Yu L.J. Uniformity of ionization response of structurally diverse analytes using a chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization source. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 19 (2005) 3139-3142
    • (2005) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.19 , pp. 3139-3142
    • Hop, C.E.1    Chen, Y.2    Yu, L.J.3
  • 89
    • 33645533680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-low flow nanospray for the normalization of conventional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry through equimolar response: standard-free quantitative estimation of metabolite levels in drug discovery
    • Valaskovic G.A., Utley L., Lee M.S., and Wu J.T. Ultra-low flow nanospray for the normalization of conventional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry through equimolar response: standard-free quantitative estimation of metabolite levels in drug discovery. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20 (2006) 1087-1096
    • (2006) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.20 , pp. 1087-1096
    • Valaskovic, G.A.1    Utley, L.2    Lee, M.S.3    Wu, J.T.4
  • 90
    • 37849042912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimizing metabolic activation during pharmaceutical lead optimization: progress, knowledge gaps and future directions
    • Kumar S., Kassahun K., Tschirret-Guth R.A., Mitra K., and Baillie T.A. Minimizing metabolic activation during pharmaceutical lead optimization: progress, knowledge gaps and future directions. Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel. 11 (2008) 43-52
    • (2008) Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel. , vol.11 , pp. 43-52
    • Kumar, S.1    Kassahun, K.2    Tschirret-Guth, R.A.3    Mitra, K.4    Baillie, T.A.5
  • 92
    • 38949089246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein damage by reactive electrophiles: targets and consequences
    • Liebler D.C. Protein damage by reactive electrophiles: targets and consequences. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21 (2008) 117-128
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 117-128
    • Liebler, D.C.1
  • 93
    • 34447127578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein targets of reactive electrophiles in human liver microsomes
    • Shin N.Y., Liu Q., Stamer S.L., and Liebler D.C. Protein targets of reactive electrophiles in human liver microsomes. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 20 (2007) 859-867
    • (2007) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.20 , pp. 859-867
    • Shin, N.Y.1    Liu, Q.2    Stamer, S.L.3    Liebler, D.C.4
  • 94
    • 43149121589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial protein targets of thiol-reactive electrophiles
    • Wong H.L., and Liebler D.C. Mitochondrial protein targets of thiol-reactive electrophiles. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21 (2008) 796-804
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 796-804
    • Wong, H.L.1    Liebler, D.C.2
  • 95
    • 18944401259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidating mechanisms of drug-induced toxicity
    • Liebler D.C., and Guengerich F.P. Elucidating mechanisms of drug-induced toxicity. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 4 (2005) 410-420
    • (2005) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.4 , pp. 410-420
    • Liebler, D.C.1    Guengerich, F.P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.