메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue , 2009, Pages 1394-1414

Melanocortin peptide therapy for the treatment of arthritic pathologies

Author keywords

Anti inflammatory; Chemokine; Cytokine; Gout; Macrophage; Melanocortin; Migration; Neutrophil; Osteoarthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis

Indexed keywords

ABATACEPT; ADALIMUMAB; ALPHA INTERMEDIN; CELECOXIB; CORTICOTROPIN; CORTICOTROPIN[1-39]; CORTICOTROPIN[4-10]; CYTOKINE; DISEASE MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUG; ETANERCEPT; ETORICOXIB; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROCORTISONE; INFLIXIMAB; LUMIRACOXIB; MELANOCORTIN; MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PREDNISOLONE; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; RITUXIMAB; TRIAMCINOLONE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 77449099049     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1537744X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2009.163     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (145)
  • 2
    • 0031451183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economics of osteoarthritis: A global perspective
    • March, L.M. and Bachmeier, C.M.J. (1997) Economics of osteoarthritis: a global perspective. Baillieres Clin. Rheumatol. 11, 817-834.
    • (1997) Baillieres Clin. Rheumatol , vol.11 , pp. 817-834
    • March, L.M.1    Bachmeier, C.M.J.2
  • 3
    • 0030885051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Articular cartilage part II: Degeneration and osteoarthrosis, repair, regeneration and transplantation
    • Buckwalter, J.A. and Mankin, H.J. (1997) Articular cartilage part II: degeneration and osteoarthrosis, repair, regeneration and transplantation. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 79-A, 612-632.
    • (1997) J. Bone Joint Surg. Am , vol.79-A , pp. 612-632
    • Buckwalter, J.A.1    Mankin, H.J.2
  • 4
    • 33847194975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death and apoptosis in osteoarthritic cartilage
    • Kim, H.A. and Blanco, F.J. (2007) Cell death and apoptosis in osteoarthritic cartilage. Curr. Drug Targets 8, 333-345.
    • (2007) Curr. Drug Targets , vol.8 , pp. 333-345
    • Kim, H.A.1    Blanco, F.J.2
  • 5
    • 0036398455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging, articular cartilage chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis
    • Martin, J.A. and Buckwalter, J.A. (2002) Aging, articular cartilage chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis. Biogerentology 3, 257-264.
    • (2002) Biogerentology , vol.3 , pp. 257-264
    • Martin, J.A.1    Buckwalter, J.A.2
  • 6
    • 0035988302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of chondrocyte death and hypocellularity in ageing human articular cartilage and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
    • Mobasheri, A. (2002) Role of chondrocyte death and hypocellularity in ageing human articular cartilage and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Med. Hypotheses 58, 193-197.
    • (2002) Med. Hypotheses , vol.58 , pp. 193-197
    • Mobasheri, A.1
  • 7
    • 0035883897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rheumatoid arthritis
    • Lee, D.M. and Weinblatt, M.E. (2001) Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 358, 903-911.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 903-911
    • Lee, D.M.1    Weinblatt, M.E.2
  • 8
    • 55849095891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that cytokines play a role in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Brennan, F.M. and McInnes, I.B. (2008) Evidence that cytokines play a role in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 3537-3545.
    • (2008) J. Clin. Invest , vol.118 , pp. 3537-3545
    • Brennan, F.M.1    McInnes, I.B.2
  • 9
    • 52749091225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-CCP antibody, a marker for the early detection of rheumatoid arthritis
    • van Venrooij, W.J, van Beers, J.J.B.C., and Pruijn, G.J.M. (2008) Anti-CCP antibody, a marker for the early detection of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1143, 268-285.
    • (2008) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci , vol.1143 , pp. 268-285
    • van Venrooij, W.J.1    van Beers, J.J.B.C.2    Pruijn, G.J.M.3
  • 10
    • 33745254724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammatory process of gout and its treatment
    • Cronstein, B.N. and Terkeltaub, R. (2006) The inflammatory process of gout and its treatment. Arthritis Res. Ther. 8(Suppl. 1), S3.
    • (2006) Arthritis Res. Ther , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Cronstein, B.N.1    Terkeltaub, R.2
  • 11
    • 54249085533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developments in the scientific and clinical understanding of gout
    • So, A. (2008) Developments in the scientific and clinical understanding of gout. Arthritis Res. Ther. 10, 221-227.
    • (2008) Arthritis Res. Ther , vol.10 , pp. 221-227
    • So, A.1
  • 15
    • 70349622183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitative glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), a unique hexose and urate transporter
    • Doblado, M.A. and Moley, K.H. (2009) Facilitative glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), a unique hexose and urate transporter. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 297(4), E831-835.
    • (2009) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.297 , Issue.4
    • Doblado, M.A.1    Moley, K.H.2
  • 17
    • 0141727395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Praincasan, an inhibitor of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, reduces joint damage in two murine models of osteoarthritis
    • Rudolphi, K., Gerwin, N., Verziji, N., van der Kraan, P., and van den Berg, W. (2003) Praincasan, an inhibitor of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, reduces joint damage in two murine models of osteoarthritis. Osteo Cart. 11(10), 738-746.
    • (2003) Osteo Cart , vol.11 , Issue.10 , pp. 738-746
    • Rudolphi, K.1    Gerwin, N.2    Verziji, N.3    van der Kraan, P.4    van den Berg, W.5
  • 18
    • 37749027812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist CJ-042,794, in rat models of pain and inflammation
    • Murase, A., Okumura, T., Sakakibara, A., Tonai-Kachi, H., and Takada, J. (2008) Effect of prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist CJ-042,794, in rat models of pain and inflammation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 580(1-2), 116-121.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.580 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 116-121
    • Murase, A.1    Okumura, T.2    Sakakibara, A.3    Tonai-Kachi, H.4    Takada, J.5
  • 19
    • 84958107344 scopus 로고
    • The effect of a hormone of the adrenal cortex (17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone; compound E) and of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone on rheumatoid arthritis
    • Hench, P.S. and Kendall, E.C. (1949) The effect of a hormone of the adrenal cortex (17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone; compound E) and of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone on rheumatoid arthritis. Mayo Clin. Proc. 24(8), 181-197.
    • (1949) Mayo Clin. Proc , vol.24 , Issue.8 , pp. 181-197
    • Hench, P.S.1    Kendall, E.C.2
  • 20
    • 77649259769 scopus 로고
    • Adrenocortical hormone in arthritis: Preliminary report
    • Hench, P.S., Kendall, E.C., Slocumb, C.H., and Polley, H.F. (1949) Adrenocortical hormone in arthritis: preliminary report. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 8(2), 97-104.
    • (1949) Ann. Rheum. Dis , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-104
    • Hench, P.S.1    Kendall, E.C.2    Slocumb, C.H.3    Polley, H.F.4
  • 21
    • 0029100803 scopus 로고
    • The appearance of proopiomelanocortin early in vertebrate evolution: Cloning and sequencing of POMC from a Lamprey pituitary cDNA library
    • Heinig, J.A., Keeley, F.W., Robson, P., Sower, S.A., and Youson, J.H. (1995) The appearance of proopiomelanocortin early in vertebrate evolution: cloning and sequencing of POMC from a Lamprey pituitary cDNA library. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 99, 137-144.
    • (1995) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol , vol.99 , pp. 137-144
    • Heinig, J.A.1    Keeley, F.W.2    Robson, P.3    Sower, S.A.4    Youson, J.H.5
  • 22
    • 0031106466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory actions of the neuroimmunomodulator alpha-MSH
    • Lipton, J.M. and Catania, A. (1997) Anti-inflammatory actions of the neuroimmunomodulator alpha-MSH. Immunol. Today 18, 140-145.
    • (1997) Immunol. Today , vol.18 , pp. 140-145
    • Lipton, J.M.1    Catania, A.2
  • 23
    • 33646814991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting melanocortin receptors for the treatment of disease pathologies
    • Getting, S.J. (2006) Targeting melanocortin receptors for the treatment of disease pathologies. Pharmacol. Ther. 111(1), 1-15.
    • (2006) Pharmacol. Ther , vol.111 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-15
    • Getting, S.J.1
  • 24
    • 0019836635 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and structural organization of the human corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor gene
    • Takahashi, H., Teranishi, Y., Nakanishi, S., and Numa, S. (1981) Isolation and structural organization of the human corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor gene. FEBS Lett. 135, 97-102.
    • (1981) FEBS Lett , vol.135 , pp. 97-102
    • Takahashi, H.1    Teranishi, Y.2    Nakanishi, S.3    Numa, S.4
  • 25
    • 0020664262 scopus 로고
    • Complete amino acid sequence of mouse pro-opiomelanocortin derived from the nucleotide sequence of pro-opiomelanocortin cDNA
    • Uhler, M. and Herbert, E. (1983) Complete amino acid sequence of mouse pro-opiomelanocortin derived from the nucleotide sequence of pro-opiomelanocortin cDNA. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 257-261.
    • (1983) J. Biol. Chem , vol.258 , pp. 257-261
    • Uhler, M.1    Herbert, E.2
  • 26
    • 0019180771 scopus 로고
    • Most of the coding region of rat ACTH beta-LPH precursor gene lacks intervening sequences
    • Drouin, J. and Goodman, H.M. (1980) Most of the coding region of rat ACTH beta-LPH precursor gene lacks intervening sequences. Nature 288, 610-613.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.288 , pp. 610-613
    • Drouin, J.1    Goodman, H.M.2
  • 27
    • 0030947997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin in the pituitary and in the brain
    • Castro, M.G. and Morrison., E. (1997) Post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin in the pituitary and in the brain. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 11(1), 35-57.
    • (1997) Crit. Rev. Neurobiol , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-57
    • Castro, M.G.1    Morrison, E.2
  • 28
    • 0025762119 scopus 로고
    • PC1 and PC2 are proprotein convertases capable of cleaving proopiomelanocortin at distinct pairs of basic residues
    • Benjannet, S., Rondeau, N., Day, R., Chretien, M., and Seidah, N.G. (1991) PC1 and PC2 are proprotein convertases capable of cleaving proopiomelanocortin at distinct pairs of basic residues. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88, 3564-3568.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.88 , pp. 3564-3568
    • Benjannet, S.1    Rondeau, N.2    Day, R.3    Chretien, M.4    Seidah, N.G.5
  • 30
    • 0016244440 scopus 로고
    • Adrenocorticotropic and melanocyte-stimulating peptides in the human pituitary
    • Scott, A.P. and Lowry, P.J. (1974) Adrenocorticotropic and melanocyte-stimulating peptides in the human pituitary. Biochem. J. 139, 593-602.
    • (1974) Biochem. J , vol.139 , pp. 593-602
    • Scott, A.P.1    Lowry, P.J.2
  • 31
    • 1542347163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting melanocortin receptors as a novel strategy to control inflammation
    • Catania, A., Gatti, S., Colombo, G., and Lipton, J.M. (2004) Targeting melanocortin receptors as a novel strategy to control inflammation. Pharmacol. Rev. 56, 1-29.
    • (2004) Pharmacol. Rev , vol.56 , pp. 1-29
    • Catania, A.1    Gatti, S.2    Colombo, G.3    Lipton, J.M.4
  • 32
    • 31544470059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immobilized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone 10-13 (GKPV) inhibits tumour necrosis factor alpha stimulated NF-kappaB activity
    • Kelly, J.M., Moir, A.J., Carlson, K., Yang, Y., MacNeil, S., and Haycock, J.W. (2006) Immobilized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone 10-13 (GKPV) inhibits tumour necrosis factor alpha stimulated NF-kappaB activity. Peptides 27, 431-437.
    • (2006) Peptides , vol.27 , pp. 431-437
    • Kelly, J.M.1    Moir, A.J.2    Carlson, K.3    Yang, Y.4    MacNeil, S.5    Haycock, J.W.6
  • 33
    • 0032531035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • a-Melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibits the nuclear transcription factor NF-kB activation by various inflammatory agents
    • Manna, S.K. and Aggarwal, B.B. (1998) a-Melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibits the nuclear transcription factor NF-kB activation by various inflammatory agents. J. Immunol. 161, 2873-2880.
    • (1998) J. Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 2873-2880
    • Manna, S.K.1    Aggarwal, B.B.2
  • 35
    • 0026731363 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and expression of the human melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor cDNA
    • Chhajlani, V. and Wikberg, J.E.S. (1992) Molecular cloning and expression of the human melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor cDNA. FEBS Lett. 309(3), 417-420.
    • (1992) FEBS Lett , vol.309 , Issue.3 , pp. 417-420
    • Chhajlani, V.1    Wikberg, J.E.S.2
  • 36
    • 0026800892 scopus 로고
    • The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors
    • Mountjoy, K.G., Robbins, L.S., Mortrud, M.T., and Cone, R.D. (1992) The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors. Science 257, 1248-1251.
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 1248-1251
    • Mountjoy, K.G.1    Robbins, L.S.2    Mortrud, M.T.3    Cone, R.D.4
  • 37
    • 0031110475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the differential expression of the functional alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor MC-1 on human monocytes
    • Bhardwaj, R., Becher, E., Mahnke, K., Hartmeyer, M., Schwarz, T., Scholzen, T., and Luger, T.A. (1997) Evidence for the differential expression of the functional alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor MC-1 on human monocytes. J. Immunol. 158, 3378-3384.
    • (1997) J. Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 3378-3384
    • Bhardwaj, R.1    Becher, E.2    Mahnke, K.3    Hartmeyer, M.4    Schwarz, T.5    Scholzen, T.6    Luger, T.A.7
  • 38
    • 0041397446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropeptide a-MSH has specific receptors on neutrophils and reduces chemotaxis in vitro
    • Catania, A., Rajora, N., Capsooni, F., Minonzio, F., Star, R.A., and Lipton, J.M. (1996) The neuropeptide a-MSH has specific receptors on neutrophils and reduces chemotaxis in vitro. Peptides 17(4), 675-679.
    • (1996) Peptides , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 675-679
    • Catania, A.1    Rajora, N.2    Capsooni, F.3    Minonzio, F.4    Star, R.A.5    Lipton, J.M.6
  • 39
    • 0031571259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells express the melanocortin receptor type 1 and produce increased levels of IL-8 upon stimulation with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
    • Hartmeyer, M., Scholzen, T., Becher, E., Bhardwaj, R.S., Schwarz, T., and Luger, T.A. (1997) Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells express the melanocortin receptor type 1 and produce increased levels of IL-8 upon stimulation with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. J. Immunol. 159, 1930-1937.
    • (1997) J. Immunol , vol.159 , pp. 1930-1937
    • Hartmeyer, M.1    Scholzen, T.2    Becher, E.3    Bhardwaj, R.S.4    Schwarz, T.5    Luger, T.A.6
  • 40
    • 31544464945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides inhbit TNF-alpha signaling in human dermal fibroblast cells
    • Hill, R.P., MacNeil, S., and Haycock, J.W. (2006) Melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides inhbit TNF-alpha signaling in human dermal fibroblast cells. Peptides 27, 421-430.
    • (2006) Peptides , vol.27 , pp. 421-430
    • Hill, R.P.1    MacNeil, S.2    Haycock, J.W.3
  • 41
    • 0033568017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor-mediated modulation of murine mast cell function by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
    • Adachi, S., Nakano, T., Vliagoftis, H., and Metcalfe, D.D. (1999) Receptor-mediated modulation of murine mast cell function by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone. J. Immunol. 163, 3363-3368.
    • (1999) J. Immunol , vol.163 , pp. 3363-3368
    • Adachi, S.1    Nakano, T.2    Vliagoftis, H.3    Metcalfe, D.D.4
  • 43
    • 0028885627 scopus 로고
    • Expression of melanocortin 1 receptor in periaqueductal gray matter
    • Xia, Y., Wikberg, J.E., and Chhajlani, V. (1995) Expression of melanocortin 1 receptor in periaqueductal gray matter. Neuroreport 6, 2193-2196.
    • (1995) Neuroreport , vol.6 , pp. 2193-2196
    • Xia, Y.1    Wikberg, J.E.2    Chhajlani, V.3
  • 44
    • 0004062089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor biology of the melanocortins, a family of neuroimmunomodulatory peptides
    • Tatro, J.B. (1996) Receptor biology of the melanocortins, a family of neuroimmunomodulatory peptides. Neuroimmunomodulation 3(5), 259-284.
    • (1996) Neuroimmunomodulation , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 259-284
    • Tatro, J.B.1
  • 45
    • 0006565790 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin positively regulates its own receptors and cAMP response in cultured bovine adrenal cells
    • Penhoat, A., Jaillard, C., and Saez, J.M. (1989) Corticotropin positively regulates its own receptors and cAMP response in cultured bovine adrenal cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86, 4978-4981.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.86 , pp. 4978-4981
    • Penhoat, A.1    Jaillard, C.2    Saez, J.M.3
  • 46
    • 0032413640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of ACTH receptors (MC2-R and MC5-R) in the glomerulosa and the fasciculata-reticularis zones of bovine adrenal cortex
    • Liakos, P., Chambaz, E.M., Feige, J.J., and Defaye, G. (1998) Expression of ACTH receptors (MC2-R and MC5-R) in the glomerulosa and the fasciculata-reticularis zones of bovine adrenal cortex. Endocr. Res. 24, 427-432.
    • (1998) Endocr. Res , vol.24 , pp. 427-432
    • Liakos, P.1    Chambaz, E.M.2    Feige, J.J.3    Defaye, G.4
  • 49
    • 0033564575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • POMC gene derived peptides activate melanocortin type 3 receptor on murine macrophages, suppress cytokine release and inhibit neutrophil migration in acute experimental inflammation
    • Getting, S.J., Gibbs, L., Clark, A.J.L., Flower, R.J., and Perretti, M. (1999) POMC gene derived peptides activate melanocortin type 3 receptor on murine macrophages, suppress cytokine release and inhibit neutrophil migration in acute experimental inflammation. J. Immunol. 162, 7446-7453.
    • (1999) J. Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 7446-7453
    • Getting, S.J.1    Gibbs, L.2    Clark, A.J.L.3    Flower, R.J.4    Perretti, M.5
  • 50
    • 0035157351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural and synthetic agonists of the melanocortin receptor type 3 possess anti-inflammatory properties
    • Getting, S.J., Allcock, G.H., Flower, R., and Perretti, M. (2001) Natural and synthetic agonists of the melanocortin receptor type 3 possess anti-inflammatory properties. J. Leukoc. Biol. 69, 98-104.
    • (2001) J. Leukoc. Biol , vol.69 , pp. 98-104
    • Getting, S.J.1    Allcock, G.H.2    Flower, R.3    Perretti, M.4
  • 51
    • 0347927272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redundancy of a functional melanocortin 1 receptor in the anti-inflammatory actions of melanocortin peptides: Studies in the recessive yellow (e/e) mouse suggest an important role for melanocortin 3 receptor
    • Getting, S.J., Christian, H.C., Lam, C.W., Gavins, F.N., Flower, R.J., Schioth, H.B., and Perretti, M. (2003) Redundancy of a functional melanocortin 1 receptor in the anti-inflammatory actions of melanocortin peptides: studies in the recessive yellow (e/e) mouse suggest an important role for melanocortin 3 receptor. J. Immunol. 170, 3323-3330.
    • (2003) J. Immunol , vol.170 , pp. 3323-3330
    • Getting, S.J.1    Christian, H.C.2    Lam, C.W.3    Gavins, F.N.4    Flower, R.J.5    Schioth, H.B.6    Perretti, M.7
  • 52
    • 13544258082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo induction of heme oxygenase 1 in mouse macrophages following melanocortin receptor activation
    • Lam, C.W., Getting, S.J., and Perretti, M. (2005) In vitro and in vivo induction of heme oxygenase 1 in mouse macrophages following melanocortin receptor activation. J. Immunol. 174, 2297-2304.
    • (2005) J. Immunol , vol.174 , pp. 2297-2304
    • Lam, C.W.1    Getting, S.J.2    Perretti, M.3
  • 56
    • 0028134706 scopus 로고
    • Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain
    • Mountjoy, K.G., Mrtrud, M.T., Low, M.J., Simerly, R.B., and Cone, R.D. (1994) Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain. Mol. Endocrinol. 8(10), 1298-1308.
    • (1994) Mol. Endocrinol , vol.8 , Issue.10 , pp. 1298-1308
    • Mountjoy, K.G.1    Mrtrud, M.T.2    Low, M.J.3    Simerly, R.B.4    Cone, R.D.5
  • 57
    • 0027227288 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning, expression, and gene localization of a fourth melanocortin receptor
    • Gantz, I., Miwa, H., Konda, Y., Shimoto, Y., Tashiro, T., Watson, S.J., DelValle, J., and Yamada, T. (1993) Molecular cloning, expression, and gene localization of a fourth melanocortin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 268(20), 15174-15179.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem , vol.268 , Issue.20 , pp. 15174-15179
    • Gantz, I.1    Miwa, H.2    Konda, Y.3    Shimoto, Y.4    Tashiro, T.5    Watson, S.J.6    DelValle, J.7    Yamada, T.8
  • 58
    • 2442497286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin receptors and erectile function
    • Martin, W.J. and MacIntyre, D.E. (2004) Melanocortin receptors and erectile function. Eur. Urol. 45, 706-713.
    • (2004) Eur. Urol , vol.45 , pp. 706-713
    • Martin, W.J.1    MacIntyre, D.E.2
  • 59
    • 0038381508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of melanocortins and their receptors in inflammatory processes, nerve regeneration and nociception
    • Starowicz, K. and Przewlocka, B. (2003) The role of melanocortins and their receptors in inflammatory processes, nerve regeneration and nociception. Life Sci. 73, 823-847.
    • (2003) Life Sci , vol.73 , pp. 823-847
    • Starowicz, K.1    Przewlocka, B.2
  • 60
    • 0032055121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone to its G-protein-coupled receptor on B-lymphocytes activates the Jak/STAT pathway
    • Buggy, J.J. (1998) Binding of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone to its G-protein-coupled receptor on B-lymphocytes activates the Jak/STAT pathway. Biochem. J. 331(Pt 1), 211-216.
    • (1998) Biochem. J , vol.331 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 211-216
    • Buggy, J.J.1
  • 61
    • 0034891246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro induction of CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells by the neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)
    • Taylor, A. and Namba, K. (2001) In vitro induction of CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells by the neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). Immunol. Cell Biol. 79, 358-367.
    • (2001) Immunol. Cell Biol , vol.79 , pp. 358-367
    • Taylor, A.1    Namba, K.2
  • 62
    • 0038051132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the functions of alpha-MSH and related peptides in the immune system
    • Luger, T.A., Scholzen, T.E., Brzoska, T., and Bohm, M. (2003) New insights into the functions of alpha-MSH and related peptides in the immune system. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 994, 133-140.
    • (2003) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci , vol.994 , pp. 133-140
    • Luger, T.A.1    Scholzen, T.E.2    Brzoska, T.3    Bohm, M.4
  • 63
  • 65
    • 0000448866 scopus 로고
    • 4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha- melanocyte-stimulating hormone: A highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity
    • Sawyer, T.K., Sanfilippo, P.J., Hruby, V.J., Engel, M.H., Heward, C.B., Burnett, J.B., and Hadley, M.E. (1980) 4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha- melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 5754-5758.
    • (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.77 , pp. 5754-5758
    • Sawyer, T.K.1    Sanfilippo, P.J.2    Hruby, V.J.3    Engel, M.H.4    Heward, C.B.5    Burnett, J.B.6    Hadley, M.E.7
  • 66
    • 0024310869 scopus 로고
    • Potent and prolonged acting cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanotropin: Design based on molecular dynamics
    • Al-Obeidi, F., Castrucci, A.M., Hadley, M.E., and Hruby, V.J. (1989) Potent and prolonged acting cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanotropin: design based on molecular dynamics. J. Med. Chem. 32, 2555-2561.
    • (1989) J. Med. Chem , vol.32 , pp. 2555-2561
    • Al-Obeidi, F.1    Castrucci, A.M.2    Hadley, M.E.3    Hruby, V.J.4
  • 67
    • 0030614331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome
    • Fan, W., Boston, B.A., Kesterson, R.A., Hruby, V.J., and Cone, R.D. (1997) Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome. Nature 385, 165-168.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , pp. 165-168
    • Fan, W.1    Boston, B.A.2    Kesterson, R.A.3    Hruby, V.J.4    Cone, R.D.5
  • 68
    • 0036283824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective melanotropin analogues of SHU9119 modified at position 6
    • Grieco, P., Han, G., Weinberg, D., Van der Ploeg, L.H., and Hruby, V.J. (2002) Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective melanotropin analogues of SHU9119 modified at position 6. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 292, 1075-1080.
    • (2002) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.292 , pp. 1075-1080
    • Grieco, P.1    Han, G.2    Weinberg, D.3    Van der Ploeg, L.H.4    Hruby, V.J.5
  • 70
    • 0001325144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two new α-melanocyte stimulating (α-MSH) analogues (MS05 and MS09) are potent immunomodulators in vivo and in vitro
    • Brzoka, T., Kalden, D.H., Fastrich, M., Möller, M., Schiöth, H.B., Wikberg, J.E.S., and Luger, T. (1999) Two new α-melanocyte stimulating (α-MSH) analogues (MS05 and MS09) are potent immunomodulators in vivo and in vitro. J. Invest. Dermatol. 113, 482.
    • (1999) J. Invest. Dermatol , vol.113 , pp. 482
    • Brzoka, T.1    Kalden, D.H.2    Fastrich, M.3    Möller, M.4    Schiöth, H.B.5    Wikberg, J.E.S.6    Luger, T.7
  • 72
    • 0029154516 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic lactam a-melanotropin analogues of NDP-a-MSH with bulky aromatic amino acids at position 7 show high antagonist potency and selectivity at specific melanocortin receptors
    • Hruby, V.J., Lu, D., Sharma, S.D., Castrucci, A.L., Kesterson, R.A., Al-Obeidi, F.A., Hadlley, M.E., and Cone, R.D. (1995) Cyclic lactam a-melanotropin analogues of NDP-a-MSH with bulky aromatic amino acids at position 7 show high antagonist potency and selectivity at specific melanocortin receptors. J. Med. Chem. 38, 3454-3461.
    • (1995) J. Med. Chem , vol.38 , pp. 3454-3461
    • Hruby, V.J.1    Lu, D.2    Sharma, S.D.3    Castrucci, A.L.4    Kesterson, R.A.5    Al-Obeidi, F.A.6    Hadlley, M.E.7    Cone, R.D.8
  • 73
    • 0344447064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective antagonist for the melanocortin 4 receptor (HS014) increases food intake in free-feeding rats
    • Kask, A., Rago, L., Mutulis, F., Pahkla, R., Wikberg, J.E., and Schioth, H.B. (1998) Selective antagonist for the melanocortin 4 receptor (HS014) increases food intake in free-feeding rats. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 245, 90-93.
    • (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.245 , pp. 90-93
    • Kask, A.1    Rago, L.2    Mutulis, F.3    Pahkla, R.4    Wikberg, J.E.5    Schioth, H.B.6
  • 75
    • 0028948661 scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of ASP, the human homolog of the mouse agouti gene
    • Wilson, B.D., Ollmann, M.M., Kang, L., Stoffel, M., Bell, G.I., and Barsh, G.S. (1995) Structure and function of ASP, the human homolog of the mouse agouti gene. Hum. Mol. Gen. 4(2), 223-230.
    • (1995) Hum. Mol. Gen , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 223-230
    • Wilson, B.D.1    Ollmann, M.M.2    Kang, L.3    Stoffel, M.4    Bell, G.I.5    Barsh, G.S.6
  • 76
    • 0035999728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agouti: From mouse to man, from skin to fat
    • Voisey, J. and van Daal, A. (2002) Agouti: from mouse to man, from skin to fat. Pigment Cell Res. 15(1), 10-18.
    • (2002) Pigment Cell Res , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-18
    • Voisey, J.1    van Daal, A.2
  • 77
    • 0030764741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein
    • Ollmann, M.M., Wilson, B.D., Yang, Y.K., Kerns, J.A., Chen, Y., Gantz I., and Barsh, G.S. (1997) Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein. Science 278, 135-138.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 135-138
    • Ollmann, M.M.1    Wilson, B.D.2    Yang, Y.K.3    Kerns, J.A.4    Chen, Y.5    Gantz, I.6    Barsh, G.S.7
  • 79
    • 33751080408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-TRP8]-gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in mice bearing a non-functional MC1R (recessive yellow e/e mouse)
    • Getting, S.J., Lam, C.W., Leoni, G., Gavins, F.N., Grieco, P., and Perretti M. (2006) [D-TRP8]-gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in mice bearing a non-functional MC1R (recessive yellow e/e mouse). Mol. Pharmacol. 70(6), 1850-1855,
    • (2006) Mol. Pharmacol , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 1850-1855
    • Getting, S.J.1    Lam, C.W.2    Leoni, G.3    Gavins, F.N.4    Grieco, P.5    Perretti, M.6
  • 80
    • 1842841995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin ligands: 30 years of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies
    • Holder, J.R. and Haskell-Luevano, C. (2004) Melanocortin ligands: 30 years of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Med. Res. Rev. 24, 325-356.
    • (2004) Med. Res. Rev , vol.24 , pp. 325-356
    • Holder, J.R.1    Haskell-Luevano, C.2
  • 81
    • 0037057558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sebhat, I.K., Martin, W.J., Ye, Z., Barakat, K., Mosley, R.T., Johnston, D.B., Bakshi, R., Palucki, B., Weinberg, D.H., MacNeil, T., Kalyani, R.N., Tang, R., Stearns, R.A., Miller, R.R., Tamvakopoulos, C., Strack, A.M., McGowan, E., Cashen, D.E., Drisko, J.E., Hom, G.J., Howard, A.D., MacIntyre, D.E., van der Ploeg, L.H., Patchett, A.A., and Nargund, R.P. (2002) Design and pharmacology of N-[(3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium-3-ylcarbonyl]-(1R)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)- 2-[4-cyclohexyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol- 1-ylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethylamine (1), a potent, selective, melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonist. J. Med. Chem. 45, 4589-4593.
    • Sebhat, I.K., Martin, W.J., Ye, Z., Barakat, K., Mosley, R.T., Johnston, D.B., Bakshi, R., Palucki, B., Weinberg, D.H., MacNeil, T., Kalyani, R.N., Tang, R., Stearns, R.A., Miller, R.R., Tamvakopoulos, C., Strack, A.M., McGowan, E., Cashen, D.E., Drisko, J.E., Hom, G.J., Howard, A.D., MacIntyre, D.E., van der Ploeg, L.H., Patchett, A.A., and Nargund, R.P. (2002) Design and pharmacology of N-[(3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium-3-ylcarbonyl]-(1R)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)- 2-[4-cyclohexyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol- 1-ylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethylamine (1), a potent, selective, melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonist. J. Med. Chem. 45, 4589-4593.
  • 83
    • 0037143744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Van der Ploeg, L.H., Martin, W.J., Howard, A.D., Nargund, R.P., Austin, C.P., Guan, X., Drisko, J., Cashen, D., Sebhat, I., Patchett, A.A., Figueroa, D.J., DiLella, A.G., Connolly, B.M., Weinberg, D.H., Tan, C.P., Palyha, O.C., Pong, S.S., MacNeil, T., Rosenblum, C., Vongs, A., Tang, R., Yu, H., Sailer, A.W., Fong, T.M., Huang, C., Tota, M.R., Chang, R.S., Stearns, R., Tamvakopoulos, C., Christ, G., Drazen, D.L., Spar, B.D., Nelson, R.J., and MacIntyre, D.E. (2002) A role for the melanocortin 4 receptor in sexual function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99, 11381-11386.
    • Van der Ploeg, L.H., Martin, W.J., Howard, A.D., Nargund, R.P., Austin, C.P., Guan, X., Drisko, J., Cashen, D., Sebhat, I., Patchett, A.A., Figueroa, D.J., DiLella, A.G., Connolly, B.M., Weinberg, D.H., Tan, C.P., Palyha, O.C., Pong, S.S., MacNeil, T., Rosenblum, C., Vongs, A., Tang, R., Yu, H., Sailer, A.W., Fong, T.M., Huang, C., Tota, M.R., Chang, R.S., Stearns, R., Tamvakopoulos, C., Christ, G., Drazen, D.L., Spar, B.D., Nelson, R.J., and MacIntyre, D.E. (2002) A role for the melanocortin 4 receptor in sexual function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99, 11381-11386.
  • 84
    • 48949121927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of reflex erectile responses in the anaesthetized rat by the selective melanocortin receptor 4 agonist MB243
    • Allard, J., Reynolds, D.S., and Edmunds, N.J. (2008) Potentiation of reflex erectile responses in the anaesthetized rat by the selective melanocortin receptor 4 agonist MB243. BJU Int. 102(8), 1029-1033.
    • (2008) BJU Int , vol.102 , Issue.8 , pp. 1029-1033
    • Allard, J.1    Reynolds, D.S.2    Edmunds, N.J.3
  • 88
    • 0034617367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-induced melanogenic and anti-proliferative effects in B16 murine melanoma cells
    • Smalley, K. and Eisen, T. (2000) The involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-induced melanogenic and anti-proliferative effects in B16 murine melanoma cells. FEBS Lett. 476, 198-202.
    • (2000) FEBS Lett , vol.476 , pp. 198-202
    • Smalley, K.1    Eisen, T.2
  • 89
    • 0035282828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of melanocortin peptides on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding and nitric oxide production in macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells: Evidence for dual mechanisms of action
    • Mandrika, I., Muceniece, R., and Wikberg, J.E. (2001) Effects of melanocortin peptides on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding and nitric oxide production in macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells: evidence for dual mechanisms of action. Biochem. Pharmacol. 61(5), 613-621.
    • (2001) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 613-621
    • Mandrika, I.1    Muceniece, R.2    Wikberg, J.E.3
  • 90
    • 0028795063 scopus 로고
    • Role of tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C in the steroidogenic actions of angiotensin II, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and corticotropin in the rat adrenal cortex
    • Kapas, S., Purbrick, A., and Hinson, J.P. (1995) Role of tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C in the steroidogenic actions of angiotensin II, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and corticotropin in the rat adrenal cortex. Biochem. J. 305(Pt 2), 433-438.
    • (1995) Biochem. J , vol.305 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 433-438
    • Kapas, S.1    Purbrick, A.2    Hinson, J.P.3
  • 91
    • 0028846891 scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and AP-1 are activated during cAMP-induced melanogenesis in B-16 melanoma cells
    • Englaro, W., Rezzonico, R., Durand-Clement, M., Lallemand, D., Ortonne, J.P., and Ballotti, R. (1995) Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and AP-1 are activated during cAMP-induced melanogenesis in B-16 melanoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 24315-24320.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem , vol.270 , pp. 24315-24320
    • Englaro, W.1    Rezzonico, R.2    Durand-Clement, M.3    Lallemand, D.4    Ortonne, J.P.5    Ballotti, R.6
  • 92
    • 0036234459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missing pieces in the NF-kappaB puzzle
    • Ghosh, S. and Karin, M. (2002) Missing pieces in the NF-kappaB puzzle. Cell 109(Suppl), S81-96.
    • (2002) Cell , vol.109 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Ghosh, S.1    Karin, M.2
  • 93
    • 0032763208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of the antiinflammatory effects of alpha-MSH. Role of transcription factor NF-kappa B and adhesion molecule expression
    • Kalden, D.H., Scholzen, T., Brzoska, T., and Luger, T.A. (1999) Mechanisms of the antiinflammatory effects of alpha-MSH. Role of transcription factor NF-kappa B and adhesion molecule expression. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 885, 254-261.
    • (1999) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci , vol.885 , pp. 254-261
    • Kalden, D.H.1    Scholzen, T.2    Brzoska, T.3    Luger, T.A.4
  • 94
    • 0033623469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-kappaB activation is inhibited in human pulmonary epithelial cells transfected with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone vector
    • Ichiyama, T., Okada, K., Campbell, I.L., Furukawa, S., and Lipton, J.M. (2000) NF-kappaB activation is inhibited in human pulmonary epithelial cells transfected with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone vector. Peptides 21, 1473-1477.
    • (2000) Peptides , vol.21 , pp. 1473-1477
    • Ichiyama, T.1    Okada, K.2    Campbell, I.L.3    Furukawa, S.4    Lipton, J.M.5
  • 95
    • 0028233234 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of dual intracellular signaling pathways activated by the melanocortin-3 receptor
    • Konda, Y., Gantz, I., DelValle, J., Shimoto, Y., Miwa, H., and Yamada, T. (1994) Interaction of dual intracellular signaling pathways activated by the melanocortin-3 receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 13162-13166.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem , vol.269 , pp. 13162-13166
    • Konda, Y.1    Gantz, I.2    DelValle, J.3    Shimoto, Y.4    Miwa, H.5    Yamada, T.6
  • 96
    • 31544464946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin receptor signalling in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line
    • Lam, C.W., Perretti, M., and Getting, S.J. (2006) Melanocortin receptor signalling in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Peptides 27(2), 404-412.
    • (2006) Peptides , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 404-412
    • Lam, C.W.1    Perretti, M.2    Getting, S.J.3
  • 97
    • 0026507549 scopus 로고
    • Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) enhances eicosanoid production by bovine retinal pigment epithelium
    • Bar-Ilan, A., Savion, N., Naveh, N., and Ilan, A.B. (1992) Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) enhances eicosanoid production by bovine retinal pigment epithelium. Prostaglandins 43, 31-44.
    • (1992) Prostaglandins , vol.43 , pp. 31-44
    • Bar-Ilan, A.1    Savion, N.2    Naveh, N.3    Ilan, A.B.4
  • 98
    • 0030843370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in cutaneous biology
    • Luger, T.A., Scholzen, T., and Grabbe, S. (1997) The role of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in cutaneous biology. J. Invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 2, 87-93.
    • (1997) J. Invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc , vol.2 , pp. 87-93
    • Luger, T.A.1    Scholzen, T.2    Grabbe, S.3
  • 99
    • 0032804637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone modulates activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 and secretion of interleukin-8 in human dermal fibroblasts
    • Bohm, M., Schulte, U., Kalden, H., and Luger, T.A. (1999) Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone modulates activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 and secretion of interleukin-8 in human dermal fibroblasts. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 885, 277-286.
    • (1999) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci , vol.885 , pp. 277-286
    • Bohm, M.1    Schulte, U.2    Kalden, H.3    Luger, T.A.4
  • 100
    • 0033052990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural pharmacology of neuropeptides related to melanocortins and the neurohypophyseal hormones
    • de Wied, D. (1999) Behavioural pharmacology of neuropeptides related to melanocortins and the neurohypophyseal hormones. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 375, 1-11.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.375 , pp. 1-11
    • de Wied, D.1
  • 101
    • 0035840847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathic pain: A possible role for the melanocortin system?
    • Vrinten, D.H., Kalkman, C.J., Adan, R.A., and Gispen, W.H. (2001) Neuropathic pain: a possible role for the melanocortin system? Eur. J. Pharmacol. 429, 61-69.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.429 , pp. 61-69
    • Vrinten, D.H.1    Kalkman, C.J.2    Adan, R.A.3    Gispen, W.H.4
  • 102
    • 0038381508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of melanocortins and their receptors in inflammatory processes, nerve regeneration and nociception
    • Starowicz, K. and Przewlocka, B. (2003) The role of melanocortins and their receptors in inflammatory processes, nerve regeneration and nociception. Life Sci. 73, 823-847.
    • (2003) Life Sci , vol.73 , pp. 823-847
    • Starowicz, K.1    Przewlocka, B.2
  • 103
    • 0024360367 scopus 로고
    • The effects of structure-conformation modifications of melanotropin analogs on learning and memory: D-amino acid substituted linear and cyclic analogs
    • Beckwith, B.E., Tinius, T.P., Hruby, V.J., al-Obeidi, F., Sawyer, T.K., and Affholter, J.A. (1989) The effects of structure-conformation modifications of melanotropin analogs on learning and memory: D-amino acid substituted linear and cyclic analogs. Peptides 10, 361-368.
    • (1989) Peptides , vol.10 , pp. 361-368
    • Beckwith, B.E.1    Tinius, T.P.2    Hruby, V.J.3    al-Obeidi, F.4    Sawyer, T.K.5    Affholter, J.A.6
  • 104
  • 105
    • 0033927739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-related brain potentials and working memory function in healthy humans after single-dose and prolonged intranasal administration of adrenocorticotropin 4-10 and desacetyl-alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
    • Smolnik, R., Perras, B., Molle, M., Fehm, H.L., and Born, J. (2000) Event-related brain potentials and working memory function in healthy humans after single-dose and prolonged intranasal administration of adrenocorticotropin 4-10 and desacetyl-alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 20, 445-454.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 445-454
    • Smolnik, R.1    Perras, B.2    Molle, M.3    Fehm, H.L.4    Born, J.5
  • 108
    • 2342427535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The central melanocortin system and the integration of short- and long-term regulators of energy homeostasis
    • Ellacott, K.L. and Cone, R.D. (2004) The central melanocortin system and the integration of short- and long-term regulators of energy homeostasis. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 59, 395-408.
    • (2004) Recent Prog. Horm. Res , vol.59 , pp. 395-408
    • Ellacott, K.L.1    Cone, R.D.2
  • 111
    • 0025065115 scopus 로고
    • Alpha-MSH peptides inhibit acute inflammation and contact sensitivity
    • Hiltz, M.E. and Lipton, J.M. (1990) Alpha-MSH peptides inhibit acute inflammation and contact sensitivity. Peptides 11, 979-982.
    • (1990) Peptides , vol.11 , pp. 979-982
    • Hiltz, M.E.1    Lipton, J.M.2
  • 112
    • 0023800028 scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptide regulation of inflammatory and immunologic responses. The capacity of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone to inhibit tumor necrosis factor and IL-1-inducible biologic responses
    • Robertson, B., Dostal, K., and Daynes, R.A. (1988) Neuropeptide regulation of inflammatory and immunologic responses. The capacity of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone to inhibit tumor necrosis factor and IL-1-inducible biologic responses. J. Immunol. 140, 4300-4307.
    • (1988) J. Immunol , vol.140 , pp. 4300-4307
    • Robertson, B.1    Dostal, K.2    Daynes, R.A.3
  • 113
    • 0028618822 scopus 로고
    • Antiinflammatory effects of the neuropeptide alpha-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammation
    • Lipton, J.M., Ceriani, G., Macaluso, A., McCoy, D., Carnes, K., Biltz, J., and Catania, A. (1994) Antiinflammatory effects of the neuropeptide alpha-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 741, 137-148.
    • (1994) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci , vol.741 , pp. 137-148
    • Lipton, J.M.1    Ceriani, G.2    Macaluso, A.3    McCoy, D.4    Carnes, K.5    Biltz, J.6    Catania, A.7
  • 114
    • 57349184220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflamed phenotype of the mesenteric microcirculation of melanocortin type 3 receptor-null mice after ischemia-reperfusion
    • Leoni, G., Patel, H.B., Sampaio, A.L., Gavins, F.N., Murray, J.F., Grieco, P., Getting, S.J., and Perretti, M. (2008) Inflamed phenotype of the mesenteric microcirculation of melanocortin type 3 receptor-null mice after ischemia-reperfusion. FASEB J. 22(12), 4228-4238.
    • (2008) FASEB J , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 4228-4238
    • Leoni, G.1    Patel, H.B.2    Sampaio, A.L.3    Gavins, F.N.4    Murray, J.F.5    Grieco, P.6    Getting, S.J.7    Perretti, M.8
  • 116
    • 0020532201 scopus 로고
    • Antipyretic potency of centrally administered alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
    • Murphy, M.T., Richards, D.B., and Lipton, J.M. (1983) Antipyretic potency of centrally administered alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone. Science 221, 192-193.
    • (1983) Science , vol.221 , pp. 192-193
    • Murphy, M.T.1    Richards, D.B.2    Lipton, J.M.3
  • 117
    • 0022549179 scopus 로고
    • Central administration of alpha-MSH antiserum augments fever in the rabbit
    • Shih, S.T., Khorram, O., Lipton, J.M., and McCann, S.M. (1986) Central administration of alpha-MSH antiserum augments fever in the rabbit. Am. J. Physiol. 250, R803-806.
    • (1986) Am. J. Physiol , vol.250
    • Shih, S.T.1    Khorram, O.2    Lipton, J.M.3    McCann, S.M.4
  • 118
    • 0030953605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipyretic role of endogenous melanocortins mediated by central melanocortin receptors during endotoxin-induced fever
    • Huang, Q.H., Entwistle, M.L., Alvaro, J.D., Duman, R.S., Hruby, V.J., and Tatro, J.B. (1997) Antipyretic role of endogenous melanocortins mediated by central melanocortin receptors during endotoxin-induced fever. J. Neurosci. 17, 3343-3351.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 3343-3351
    • Huang, Q.H.1    Entwistle, M.L.2    Alvaro, J.D.3    Duman, R.S.4    Hruby, V.J.5    Tatro, J.B.6
  • 119
    • 56949091561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting, S.J., Riffo-Vasquez, Y., Pitchford, S., Kaneva, M., Grieco, P., Page, C.P., Perretti, M., and Spina, D. (2008) A role for MC3R in modulating lung inflammation. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 21(6), 866-873.
    • Getting, S.J., Riffo-Vasquez, Y., Pitchford, S., Kaneva, M., Grieco, P., Page, C.P., Perretti, M., and Spina, D. (2008) A role for MC3R in modulating lung inflammation. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 21(6), 866-873.
  • 121
    • 33845664425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin 3 receptors control crystal-induced inflammation
    • Getting, S.J., Lam, C.W., Chen, A.S., Grieco, P., and Perretti, M. (2006) Melanocortin 3 receptors control crystal-induced inflammation. FASEB J. 20(13), 2234-2241.
    • (2006) FASEB J , vol.20 , Issue.13 , pp. 2234-2241
    • Getting, S.J.1    Lam, C.W.2    Chen, A.S.3    Grieco, P.4    Perretti, M.5
  • 122
    • 0042399698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • alpha-MSH modulates experimental inflammatory bowel disease
    • Rajora, N., Boccoli, G., Catania, A., and Lipton, J.M. (1997) alpha-MSH modulates experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Peptides 18, 381-385.
    • (1997) Peptides , vol.18 , pp. 381-385
    • Rajora, N.1    Boccoli, G.2    Catania, A.3    Lipton, J.M.4
  • 123
    • 0033785735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone on colonic inflammation in the rat
    • Oktar, B.K., Ercan, F., Yegen, B.C., and Alican, I. (2000) The effect of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone on colonic inflammation in the rat. Peptides 21, 1271-1277.
    • (2000) Peptides , vol.21 , pp. 1271-1277
    • Oktar, B.K.1    Ercan, F.2    Yegen, B.C.3    Alican, I.4
  • 124
    • 67651008822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus casei secreting alpha-MSH induces the therapeutic effect on DSS-induced acute colitis in Balb/c Mice
    • Yoon, S.W., Lee, C.H., Kim, J.Y., Kim, J.Y., Sung, M.H., and Poo, H. (2008) Lactobacillus casei secreting alpha-MSH induces the therapeutic effect on DSS-induced acute colitis in Balb/c Mice. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18(12), 1975-1983.
    • (2008) J. Microbiol. Biotechnol , vol.18 , Issue.12 , pp. 1975-1983
    • Yoon, S.W.1    Lee, C.H.2    Kim, J.Y.3    Kim, J.Y.4    Sung, M.H.5    Poo, H.6
  • 125
    • 0038298209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) {alpha}-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides
    • Getting, S.J., Schioth, H.B., and Perretti, M. (2003) Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) {alpha}-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 306, 631-637.
    • (2003) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , vol.306 , pp. 631-637
    • Getting, S.J.1    Schioth, H.B.2    Perretti, M.3
  • 128
    • 0028505291 scopus 로고
    • The anticytokine neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic diseases: Comparisons with other anticytokine molecules
    • Catania, A., Gerloni, V., Procaccia, S., Airaghi, L., Manfredi, M.G., Lomater, C., Grossi, L., and Lipton, J.M. (1994) The anticytokine neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic diseases: comparisons with other anticytokine molecules. Neuroimmunomodulation 1, 321-328.
    • (1994) Neuroimmunomodulation , vol.1 , pp. 321-328
    • Catania, A.1    Gerloni, V.2    Procaccia, S.3    Airaghi, L.4    Manfredi, M.G.5    Lomater, C.6    Grossi, L.7    Lipton, J.M.8
  • 129
    • 0029143785 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of autocrine modulation of macrophage nitric oxide synthase by a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
    • Star, R.A., Rajora, N., Huang, J., Stock, R.C., Catania, A., and Lipton, J.M. (1995) Evidence of autocrine modulation of macrophage nitric oxide synthase by a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92, 8016-8020.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.92 , pp. 8016-8020
    • Star, R.A.1    Rajora, N.2    Huang, J.3    Stock, R.C.4    Catania, A.5    Lipton, J.M.6
  • 130
    • 0028366845 scopus 로고
    • The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibits experimental arthritis in rats
    • Ceriani, G., Diaz, J., Murphree, S., Catania, A., and Lipton, J.M. (1994) The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibits experimental arthritis in rats. Neuroimmunomodulation 1, 28-32.
    • (1994) Neuroimmunomodulation , vol.1 , pp. 28-32
    • Ceriani, G.1    Diaz, J.2    Murphree, S.3    Catania, A.4    Lipton, J.M.5
  • 131
    • 38349161595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • alpha-MSH inhibits TNF-alpha-induced matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression by modulating p38 kinase and nuclear factor kappaB signaling in human chondrosarcoma HTB-94 cells
    • Yoon, S.W., Chun, J.S., Sung, M.H., Kim, J.Y., and Poo, H. (2008) alpha-MSH inhibits TNF-alpha-induced matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression by modulating p38 kinase and nuclear factor kappaB signaling in human chondrosarcoma HTB-94 cells. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 16(1), 115-124.
    • (2008) Osteoarthritis Cartilage , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-124
    • Yoon, S.W.1    Chun, J.S.2    Sung, M.H.3    Kim, J.Y.4    Poo, H.5
  • 132
    • 23944461336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled release of anti-inflammatory agent α-MSH from neural implants
    • Zhong, Y. and Bellamkonda, R.V. (2005) Controlled release of anti-inflammatory agent α-MSH from neural implants. J. Control. Release 106(3), 309-318.
    • (2005) J. Control. Release , vol.106 , Issue.3 , pp. 309-318
    • Zhong, Y.1    Bellamkonda, R.V.2
  • 134
    • 2942729760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACTH enhances chondrogenesis in multipotential progenitor cells and matrix production in chondrocytes
    • Evans, J.F., Niu, Q.T., Canas, J.A., Shen, C.L., Aloia, J.F., and Yeh, J.K. (2004) ACTH enhances chondrogenesis in multipotential progenitor cells and matrix production in chondrocytes. Bone 35(1), 96-107.
    • (2004) Bone , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 96-107
    • Evans, J.F.1    Niu, Q.T.2    Canas, J.A.3    Shen, C.L.4    Aloia, J.F.5    Yeh, J.K.6
  • 135
    • 22144465541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenocorticotropin evokes transient elevations in intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and increases basal[Ca2+]i in resting chondrocytes through a phospholipase C-dependent mechanism
    • Evans, J.F., Shen, C.L., Pollack, S., Aloia, J.F., and Yeh, J.K. (2005) Adrenocorticotropin evokes transient elevations in intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and increases basal[Ca2+]i in resting chondrocytes through a phospholipase C-dependent mechanism. Endocrinology 146(7), 3123-3132.
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , Issue.7 , pp. 3123-3132
    • Evans, J.F.1    Shen, C.L.2    Pollack, S.3    Aloia, J.F.4    Yeh, J.K.5
  • 136
    • 50349109185 scopus 로고
    • Effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in gout
    • Gutman, A.B. and Yu, T.F. (1950) Effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in gout. Am. J. Med. 9(1), 24-30.
    • (1950) Am. J. Med , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-30
    • Gutman, A.B.1    Yu, T.F.2
  • 138
    • 0028215678 scopus 로고
    • ACTH revisited: Effective treatment for acute crystal induced synovitis in patients with multiple medical problems
    • Ritter, J., Kerr, L.D., Valeriano-Marcet, J., and Spiera, H. (1994) ACTH revisited: effective treatment for acute crystal induced synovitis in patients with multiple medical problems. J. Rheumatol. 21(4), 696-699.
    • (1994) J. Rheumatol , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 696-699
    • Ritter, J.1    Kerr, L.D.2    Valeriano-Marcet, J.3    Spiera, H.4
  • 140
    • 0036822278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of melanocortin type 3 receptor as a molecular mechanism for adrenocorticotropic hormone efficacy in gouty arthritis
    • Getting, S.J., Christian, H.C., Flower, R.J., and Perretti, M. (2002) Activation of melanocortin type 3 receptor as a molecular mechanism for adrenocorticotropic hormone efficacy in gouty arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 46, 2765-2775.
    • (2002) Arthritis Rheum , vol.46 , pp. 2765-2775
    • Getting, S.J.1    Christian, H.C.2    Flower, R.J.3    Perretti, M.4
  • 141
    • 53649101010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis
    • Bingham, C.O., 3rd (2008) Emerging therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis. Bull. NYU Hosp. Jt. Dis. 66(3), 210-215.
    • (2008) Bull. NYU Hosp. Jt. Dis , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 210-215
    • Bingham 3rd, C.O.1
  • 142
    • 77649249749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-specific risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF therapy: Results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR)
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Dixon, W.G., Hyrich, K.L., Watson, K.D., Lunt, M., Galloway, J., Ustianowski, A., Symmons, D.P. (2009) Drug-specific risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR). Ann. Rheum. Dis. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2009) Ann. Rheum. Dis
    • Dixon, W.G.1    Hyrich, K.L.2    Watson, K.D.3    Lunt, M.4    Galloway, J.5    Ustianowski, A.6    Symmons, D.P.7
  • 143
    • 67651125074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious complications of tumour necrosis factor blockade
    • Wallis, R.S. (2009) Infectious complications of tumour necrosis factor blockade. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 22(4), 403-409.
    • (2009) Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 403-409
    • Wallis, R.S.1
  • 144
    • 33748955521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annexin 1 and melanocortin peptide therapy for protection against ischaemic-reperfusion damage in the heart
    • Gavins, F.N., Leoni, G., and Getting, S.J. (2006) Annexin 1 and melanocortin peptide therapy for protection against ischaemic-reperfusion damage in the heart. TheScientificWorldJOURNAL 6, 1008-1023.
    • (2006) TheScientificWorldJOURNAL , vol.6 , pp. 1008-1023
    • Gavins, F.N.1    Leoni, G.2    Getting, S.J.3
  • 145
    • 67650708852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous galectins and the control of the host inflammatory response
    • Norling, L.V., Perretti, M., and Cooper, D. (2009) Endogenous galectins and the control of the host inflammatory response. J. Endocrinol. 201(2), 169-184.
    • (2009) J. Endocrinol , vol.201 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-184
    • Norling, L.V.1    Perretti, M.2    Cooper, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.