Aging by epigenetics-A consequence of chromatin damage?

Experimental Cell Research

Volumn 314, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 1909-1917

  Sedivy, John M ^a   Banumathy, Gowrishankar ^b   Adams, Peter D ^b  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Cell senescence; Chromatin; Epigenetics; Longevity

Indexed keywords

CELL AGING; CELL DAMAGE; CELL FUNCTION; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CHROMATIN; DYNAMICS; EPIGENETICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 43049162647     PISSN: 00144827     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.02.023     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. T.B. Kirkwood Understanding the odd science of aging Cell 120 2005 437 447
2. A.D. Goldberg C.D. Allis E. Bernstein Epigenetics: a landscape takes shape Cell 128 2007 635 638
3. K. Luger A.W. Mader R.K. Richmond D.F. Sargent T.J. Richmond Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 A resolution Nature 389 1997 251 260
4. S.I. Grewal S. Jia Heterochromatin revisited Nat. Rev. Genet. 8 2007 35 46
5. E. Heard Delving into the diversity of facultative heterochromatin: the epigenetics of the inactive X chromosome Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 15 2005 482 489
6. T. Kouzarides Chromatin modifications and their function Cell 128 2007 693 705
7. N. Dillon R. Festenstein Unravelling heterochromatin: competition between positive and negative factors regulates accessibility Trends Genet. 18 2002 252 258
8. H.J. Muller Types of visible variations induced by X-rays in Drosophila J. Genet. 22 1930 299 334
9. A. Groth W. Rocha A. Verreault G. Almouzni Chromatin challenges during DNA replication and repair Cell 128 2007 721 733
10. S.L. Berger The complex language of chromatin regulation during transcription Nature 447 2007 407 412
11. R.D. Phair T. Misteli High mobility of proteins in the mammalian cell nucleus Nature 404 2000 604 609
12. T. Cheutin A.J. McNairn T. Jenuwein D.M. Gilbert P.B. Singh T. Misteli Maintenance of stable heterochromatin domains by dynamic HP1 binding Science 299 2003 721 725
13. T.S. Mikkelsen M. Ku D.B. Jaffe B. Issac E. Lieberman G. Giannoukos P. Alvarez W. Brockman T.K. Kim R.P. Koche W. Lee E. Mendenhall A. O'Donovan A. Presser C. Russ X. Xie A. Meissner M. Wernig R. Jaenisch C. Nusbaum E.S. Lander B.E. Bernstein Genome-wide maps of chromatin state in pluripotent and lineage-committed cells Nature 448 2007 553 560
14. E. Birney J.A. Stamatoyannopoulos A. Dutta R. Guigo T.R. Gingeras E.H. Margulies Z. Weng M. Snyder E.T. Dermitzakis R.E. Thurman M.S. Kuehn C.M. Taylor S. Neph C.M. Koch S. Asthana A. Malhotra I. Adzhubei J.A. Greenbaum R.M. Andrews P. Flicek P.J. Boyle H. Cao N.P. Carter G.K. Clelland S. Davis N. Day P. Dhami S.C. Dillon M.O. Dorschner H. Fiegler P.G. Giresi J. Goldy M. Hawrylycz A. Haydock R. Humbert K.D. James B.E. Johnson E.M. Johnson T.T. Frum E.R. Rosenzweig N. Karnani K. Lee G.C. Lefebvre P.A. Navas F. Neri S.C. Parker P.J. Sabo R. Sandstrom A. Shafer D. Vetrie M. Weaver S. Wilcox M. Yu F.S. Collins J. Dekker J.D. Lieb T.D. Tullius G.E. Crawford S. Sunyaev W.S. Noble I. Dunham F. Denoeud A. Reymond P. Kapranov J. Rozowsky D. Zheng R. Castelo A. Frankish J. Harrow S. Ghosh A. Sandelin I.L. Hofacker R. Baertsch D. Keefe S. Dike J. Cheng H.A. Hirsch E.A. Sekinger J. Lagarde J.F. Abril A. Shahab C. Flamm C. Fried J. Hackermuller J. Hertel M. Lindemeyer K. Missal A. Tanzer S. Washietl J. Korbel O. Emanuelsson J.S. Pedersen N. Holroyd R. Taylor D. Swarbreck N. Matthews M.C. Dickson D.J. Thomas M.T. Weirauch J. Gilbert J. Drenkow I. Bell X. Zhao K.G. Srinivasan W.K. Sung H.S. Ooi K.P. Chiu S. Foissac T. Alioto M. Brent L. Pachter M.L. Tress A. Valencia S.W. Choo C.Y. Choo C. Ucla C. Manzano C. Wyss E. Cheung T.G. Clark J.B. Brown M. Ganesh S. Patel H. Tammana J. Chrast C.N. Henrichsen C. Kai J. Kawai U. Nagalakshmi J. Wu Z. Lian J. Lian P. Newburger X. Zhang P. Bickel J.S. Mattick P. Carninci Y. Hayashizaki S. Weissman T. Hubbard R.M. Myers J. Rogers P.F. Stadler T.M. Lowe C.L. Wei Y. Ruan K. Struhl M. Gerstein S.E. Antonarakis Y. Fu E.D. Green U. Karaoz A. Siepel J. Taylor L.A. Liefer K.A. Wetterstrand P.J. Good E.A. Feingold M.S. Guyer G.M. Cooper G. Asimenos C.N. Dewey M. Hou S. Nikolaev J.I. Montoya-Burgos A. Loytynoja S. Whelan F. Pardi T. Massingham H. Huang N.R. Zhang I. Holmes J.C. Mullikin A. Ureta-Vidal B. Paten M. Seringhaus D. Church K. Rosenbloom W.J. Kent E.A. Stone S. Batzoglou N. Goldman R.C. Hardison D. Haussler W. Miller A. Sidow N.D. Trinklein Z.D. Zhang L. Barrera R. Stuart D.C. King A. Ameur S. Enroth M.C. Bieda J. Kim A.A. Bhinge N. Jiang J. Liu F. Yao V.B. Vega C.W. Lee P. Ng A. Shahab A. Yang Z. Moqtaderi Z. Zhu X. Xu S. Squazzo M.J. Oberley D. Inman M.A. Singer T.A. Richmond K.J. Munn A. Rada-Iglesias O. Wallerman J. Komorowski J.C. Fowler P. Couttet A.W. Bruce O.M. Dovey P.D. Ellis C.F. Langford D.A. Nix G. Euskirchen S. Hartman A.E. Urban P. Kraus S. Van Calcar N. Heintzman T.H. Kim K. Wang C. Qu G. Hon R. Luna C.K. Glass M.G. Rosenfeld S.F. Aldred S.J. Cooper A. Halees J.M. Lin H.P. Shulha X. Zhang M. Xu J.N. Haidar Y. Yu Y. Ruan V.R. Iyer R.D. Green C. Wadelius P.J. Farnham B. Ren R.A. Harte A.S. Hinrichs H. Trumbower H. Clawson J. Hillman-Jackson A.S. Zweig K. Smith A. Thakkapallayil G. Barber R.M. Kuhn D. Karolchik L. Armengol C.P. Bird P.I. de Bakker A.D. Kern N. Lopez-Bigas J.D. Martin B.E. Stranger A. Woodroffe E. Davydov A. Dimas E. Eyras I.B. Hallgrimsdottir J. Huppert M.C. Zody G.R. Abecasis X. Estivill G.G. Bouffard X. Guan N.F. Hansen J.R. Idol V.V. Maduro B. Maskeri J.C. McDowell M. Park P.J. Thomas A.C. Young R.W. Blakesley D.M. Muzny E. Sodergren D.A. Wheeler K.C. Worley H. Jiang G.M. Weinstock R.A. Gibbs T. Graves R. Fulton E.R. Mardis R.K. Wilson M. Clamp J. Cuff S. Gnerre D.B. Jaffe J.L. Chang K. Lindblad-Toh E.S. Lander M. Koriabine M. Nefedov K. Osoegawa Y. Yoshinaga B. Zhu P.J. de Jong Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project Nature 447 2007 799 816
15. M.G. Guenther S.S. Levine L.A. Boyer R. Jaenisch R.A. Young A chromatin landmark and transcription initiation at most promoters in human cells Cell 130 2007 77 88
16. S. Schoeftner M.A. Blasco Developmentally regulated transcription of mammalian telomeres by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II Nat. Cell Bio. 10 2008 228 236
17. C.M. Azzalin P. Reichenbach L. Khoriauli E. Giulotto J. Lingner Telomeric repeat containing RNA and RNA surveillance factors at mammalian chromosome ends Science 318 2007 798 801
18. E.J. Richards S.C. Elgin Epigenetic codes for heterochromatin formation and silencing: rounding up the usual suspects Cell 108 2002 489 500
19. M. Kaern T.C. Elston W.J. Blake J.J. Collins Stochasticity in gene expression: from theories to phenotypes Nat. Rev. Genet. 6 2005 451 464
20. B.K. Kennedy N.R. Austriaco Jr. J. Zhang L. Guarente Mutation in the silencing gene SIR4 can delay aging in S. cerevisiae Cell 80 1995 485 496
21. M.C. Haigis L.P. Guarente Mammalian sirtuins — emerging roles in physiology, aging, and calorie restriction Genes Dev. 20 2006 2913 2921
22. V.D. Longo B.K. Kennedy Sirtuins in aging and age-related disease Cell 126 2006 257 268
23. B.K. Kennedy M. Gotta D.A. Sinclair K. Mills D.S. McNabb M. Murthy S.M. Pak T. Laroche S.M. Gasser L. Guarente Redistribution of silencing proteins from telomeres to the nucleolus is associated with extension of life span in S. cerevisiae Cell 89 1997 381 391
24. M. Sommer N. Poliak S. Upadhyay E. Ratovitski B.D. Nelkin L.A. Donehower D. Sidransky DeltaNp63alpha overexpression induces downregulation of Sirt1 and an accelerated aging phenotype in the mouse Cell Cycle 5 2006 2005 2011
25. T. Sasaki B. Maier A. Bartke H. Scrable Progressive loss of SIRT1 with cell cycle withdrawal Aging Cell 5 2006 413 422
26. V.L. Wilson R.A. Smith S. Ma R.G. Cutler Genomic 5-methyldeoxycytidine decreases with age J. Biol. Chem. 262 1987 9948 9951
27. R.P. Singhal L.L. Mays-Hoopes G.L. Eichhorn DNA methylation in aging of mice Mech. Ageing Dev. 41 1987 199 210
28. G.A. Romanov B.F. Vanyushin Methylation of reiterated sequences in mammalian DNAs. Effects of the tissue type, age, malignancy and hormonal induction Biochim. Biophys. Acta 653 1981 204 218
29. J.Y. Kim S. Tavare D. Shibata Counting human somatic cell replications: methylation mirrors endometrial stem cell divisions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 2005 17739 17744
30. J.Y. Kim K.D. Siegmund S. Tavare D. Shibata Age-related human small intestine methylation: evidence for stem cell niches BMC Med. 3 2005 10
31. Y. Yatabe S. Tavare D. Shibata Investigating stem cells in human colon by using methylation patterns Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 2001 10839 10844
32. N. Ahuja Q. Li A.L. Mohan S.B. Baylin J.P. Issa Aging and DNA methylation in colorectal mucosa and cancer Cancer Res. 58 1998 5489 5494
33. J.P. Issa P.M. Vertino C.D. Boehm I.F. Newsham S.B. Baylin Switch from monoallelic to biallelic human IGF2 promoter methylation during aging and carcinogenesis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93 1996 11757 11762
34. J.P. Issa Y.L. Ottaviano P. Celano S.R. Hamilton N.E. Davidson S.B. Baylin Methylation of the oestrogen receptor CpG island links ageing and neoplasia in human colon Nat. Genet. 7 1994 536 540
35. J.P. Issa N. Ahuja M. Toyota M.P. Bronner T.A. Brentnall Accelerated age-related CpG island methylation in ulcerative colitis Cancer Res. 61 2001 3573 3577
36. K. So G. Tamura T. Honda N. Homma T. Waki N. Togawa S. Nishizuka T. Motoyama Multiple tumor suppressor genes are increasingly methylated with age in non-neoplastic gastric epithelia Cancer Sci. 97 2006 1155 1158
37. T. Waki G. Tamura M. Sato T. Motoyama Age-related methylation of tumor suppressor and tumor-related genes: an analysis of autopsy samples Oncogene 22 2003 4128 4133
38. B. Sarg E. Koutzamani W. Helliger I. Rundquist H.H. Lindner Postsynthetic trimethylation of histone H4 at lysine 20 in mammalian tissues is associated with aging J. Biol. Chem. 277 2002 39195 39201
39. S.E. Polo G. Almouzni Chromatin assembly: a basic recipe with various flavours Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 16 2006 104 111
40. J.C. Jeyapalan M. Ferreira J.M. Sedivy U. Herbig Accumulation of senescent cells in mitotic tissue of aging primates Mech. Ageing Dev. 128 2007 36 44
41. U. Herbig M. Ferreira L. Condel D. Carey J.M. Sedivy Cellular senescence in aging primates Science 311 2006 1257
42. S. Henikoff Nucleosome destabilization in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression Nat. Rev. Genet. 9 2008 15 26
43. H. Tagami D. Ray-Gallet G. Almouzni Y. Nakatani Histone H3.1 and H3.3 complexes mediate nucleosome assembly pathways dependent or independent of DNA synthesis Cell 116 2004 51 61
44. T. Nakayama K. Nishioka Y.X. Dong T. Shimojima S. Hirose Drosophila GAGA factor directs histone H3.3 replacement that prevents the heterochromatin spreading Genes Dev. 21 2007 552 561
45. A. Nourani F. Robert F. Winston Evidence that Spt2/Sin1, an HMG-like factor, plays roles in transcription elongation, chromatin structure, and genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Cell. Biol. 26 2006 1496 1509
46. T. Formosa S. Ruone M.D. Adams A.E. Olsen P. Eriksson Y. Yu A.R. Rhoades P.D. Kaufman D.J. Stillman Defects in SPT16 or POB3 (yFACT) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cause dependence on the Hir/Hpc pathway: polymerase passage may degrade chromatin structure Genetics 162 2002 1557 1571
47. D. Prather N.J. Krogan A. Emili J.F. Greenblatt F. Winston Identification and characterization of Elf1, a conserved transcription elongation factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 2005 10122 10135
48. D. Dimova Z. Nackerdien S. Furgeson S. Eguchi M.A. Osley A role for transcriptional repressors in targeting the yeast Swi/Snf complex Mol. Cell 4 1999 75 83
49. G.W. van der Heijden A.A. Derijck E. Posfai M. Giele P. Pelczar L. Ramos D.G. Wansink J. van der Vlag A.H. Peters P. de Boer Chromosome-wide nucleosome replacement and H3.3 incorporation during mammalian meiotic sex chromosome inactivation Nat. Genet. 39 2007 251 258
50. P.D. Kaufman J.L. Cohen M.A. Osley Hir proteins are required for position-dependent gene silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the absence of chromatin assembly factor I Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 1998 4793 4806
51. J.A. Sharp A.A. Franco M.A. Osley P.D. Kaufman D.C. Krawitz T. Kama E.T. Fouts J.L. Cohen Chromatin assembly factor I and Hir proteins contribute to building functional kinetochores in S. cerevisiae Genes Dev. 16 2002 85 100
52. Y.M. Moshkin J.A. Armstrong R.K. Maeda J.W. Tamkun P. Verrijzer J.A. Kennison F. Karch Histone chaperone ASF1 cooperates with the Brahma chromatin-remodelling machinery Genes Dev. 16 2002 2621 2626
53. M.S. Singer A. Kahana A.J. Wolf L.L. Meisinger S.E. Peterson C. Goggin M. Mahowald D.E. Gottschling Identification of high-copy disruptors of telomeric silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetics 150 1998 613 632
54. T.L. Phelps-Durr J. Thomas P. Vahab M.C. Timmermans Maize rough sheath2 and its Arabidopsis orthologue ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 interact with HIRA, a predicted histone chaperone, to maintain knox gene silencing and determinacy during organogenesis Plant Cell 17 2005 2886 2898
55. J.A. Sharp E.T. Fouts D.C. Krawitz P.D. Kaufman Yeast histone deposition protein Asf1p requires Hir proteins and PCNA for heterochromatic silencing Curr. Biol. 11 2001 463 473
56. P.W. Sherwood S.V. Tsang M.A. Osley Characterization of HIR1 and HIR2, two genes required for regulation of histone gene transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 1993 28 38
57. R. Zhang P.D. Adams Heterochromatin and its relationship to cell senescence and cancer therapy Cell Cycle 6 2007 784 789
58. B. Villeponteau The heterochromatin loss model of aging Exp. Geronto. 32 1997 383 394
59. S. Imai H. Kitano Heterochromatin islands and their dynamic reorganization: a hypothesis for three distinctive features of cellular aging Exp. Gerontol. 33 1998 555 570
60. J. Campisi F. d'Adda di Fagagna Cellular senescence: when bad things happen to good cells Nat. Rev., Mol. Cell Biol. 8 2007 729 740
61. M. Serrano M.A. Blasco Cancer and ageing: convergent and divergent mechanisms Nat. Rev., Mol. Cell Biol. 8 2007 715 722
62. T. Finkel M. Serrano M.A. Blasco The common biology of cancer and ageing Nature 448 2007 767 774
63. M. Collado M.A. Blasco M. Serrano Cellular senescence in cancer and aging Cell 130 2007 223 233
64. G.P. Dimri X. Lee G. Basile M. Acosta G. Scott C. Roskelley E.E. Medrano M. Linskens I. Rubelj O. Pereira-Smith M. Peacocke J. Campisi A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92 1995 9363 9367
65. J. Krishnamurthy C. Torrice M.R. Ramsey G.I. Kovalev K. Al-Regaiey L. Su N.E. Sharpless Ink4a/Arf expression is a biomarker of aging J. Clin. Invest. 114 2004 1299 1307
66. A.V. Molofsky S.G. Slutsky N.M. Joseph S. He R. Pardal J. Krishnamurthy N.E. Sharpless S.J. Morrison Increasing p16(INK4a) expression decreases forebrain progenitors and neurogenesis during ageing Nature 443 2006 448 452
67. J. Krishnamurthy M.R. Ramsey K.L. Ligon C. Torrice A. Koh S. Bonner-Weir N.E. Sharpless p16(INK4a) induces an age-dependent decline in islet regenerative potential Nature 443 2006 453 457
68. V. Janzen R. Forkert H.E. Fleming Y. Saito M.T. Waring D.M. Dombkowski T. Cheng R.A. Depinho N.E. Sharpless D.T. Scadden Stem-cell ageing modified by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16(INK4a) Nature 443 2006 421 426
69. M.K. Francis S. Appel C. Meyer S.J. Balin A.K. Balin V.J. Cristofalo Loss of EPC-1/PEDF expression during skin aging in vivo J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 2004 1096 1105
70. S.U. Wiemann A. Satyanarayana M. Tsahuridu H.L. Tillmann L. Zender J. Klempnauer P. Flemming S. Franco M.A. Blasco M.P. Manns K.L. Rudolph Hepatocyte telomere shortening and senescence are general markers of human liver cirrhosis FASEB J. 16 2002 935 942
71. T. Minamino I. Komuro Vascular cell senescence: contribution to atherosclerosis Circ. Res. 100 2007 15 26
72. J.S. Price J.G. Waters C. Darrah C. Pennington D.R. Edwards S.T. Donell I.M. Clark The role of chondrocyte senescence in osteoarthritis Aging Cell 1 2002 57 65
73. M.A. Blasco H.W. Lee M.P. Hande E. Samper P.M. Lansdorp R.A. DePinho C.W. Greider Telomere shortening and tumor formation by mouse cells lacking telomerase RNA Cell 91 1997 25 34
74. H.W. Lee M.A. Blasco G.J. Gottlieb J.W. Horner II C.W. Greider R.A. DePinho Essential role of mouse telomerase in highly proliferative organs Nature 392 1998 569 574
75. K.L. Rudolph S. Chang H.W. Lee M. Blasco G.J. Gottlieb C. Greider R.A. DePinho Longevity, stress response, and cancer in aging telomerase-deficient mice Cell 96 1999 701 712
76. X. Du J. Shen N. Kugan E.E. Furth D.B. Lombard C. Cheung S. Pak G. Luo R.J. Pignolo R.A. DePinho L. Guarente F.B. Johnson Telomere shortening exposes functions for the mouse Werner and Bloom syndrome genes Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 2004 8437 8446
77. E. Gonzalez-Suarez E. Samper A. Ramirez J.M. Flores J. Martin-Caballero J.L. Jorcano M.A. Blasco Increased epidermal tumors and increased skin wound healing in transgenic mice overexpressing the catalytic subunit of telomerase, mTERT, in basal keratinocytes EMBO J. 20 2001 2619 2630
78. E. Herrera E. Samper J. Martin-Caballero J.M. Flores H.W. Lee M.A. Blasco Disease states associated with telomerase deficiency appear earlier in mice with short telomeres EMBO J. 18 1999 2950 2960
79. I. Garcia-Cao M. Garcia-Cao A. Tomas-Loba J. Martin-Caballero J.M. Flores P. Klatt M.A. Blasco M. Serrano Increased p53 activity does not accelerate telomere-driven ageing EMBO Rep 7 2006 546 552
80. E. Gonzalez-Suarez C. Geserick J.M. Flores M.A. Blasco Antagonistic effects of telomerase on cancer and aging in K5-mTert transgenic mice Oncogene 24 2005 2256 2270
81. M. Braig S. Lee C. Loddenkemper C. Rudolph A.H. Peters B. Schlegelberger H. Stein B. Dorken T. Jenuwein C.A. Schmitt Oncogene-induced senescence as an initial barrier in lymphoma development Nature 436 2005 660 665
82. Z. Chen L.C. Trotman D. Shaffer H.K. Lin Z.A. Dotan M. Niki J.A. Koutcher H.I. Scher T. Ludwig W. Gerald C. Cordon-Cardo P.P. Pandolfi Crucial role of p53-dependent cellular senescence in suppression of Pten-deficient tumorigenesis Nature 436 2005 725 730
83. C. Michaloglou L.C. Vredeveld M.S. Soengas C. Denoyelle T. Kuilman C.M. van der Horst D.M. Majoor J.W. Shay W.J. Mooi D.S. Peeper BRAFE600-associated senescence-like cell cycle arrest of human naevi Nature 436 2005 720 724
84. A. Ventura D.G. Kirsch M.E. McLaughlin D.A. Tuveson J. Grimm L. Lintault J. Newman E.E. Reczek R. Weissleder T. Jacks Restoration of p53 function leads to tumour regression in vivo Nature 445 2007 661 665
85. W. Xue L. Zender C. Miething R.A. Dickins E. Hernando V. Krizhanovsky C. Cordon-Cardo S.W. Lowe Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas Nature 445 2007 656 660
86. D.M. Feldser C.W. Greider Short telomeres limit tumor progression in vivo by inducing senescence Cancer Cell 11 2007 461 469
87. P. Sun N. Yoshizuka L. New B.A. Moser Y. Li R. Liao C. Xie J. Chen Q. Deng M. Yamout M.Q. Dong C.G. Frangou J.R. Yates III P.E. Wright J. Han PRAK is essential for ras-induced senescence and tumor suppression Cell 128 2007 295 308
88. M. Narita S. Nunez E. Heard A.W. Lin S.A. Hearn D.L. Spector G.J. Hannon S.W. Lowe Rb-mediated heterochromatin formation and silencing of E2F target genes during cellular senescence Cell 113 2003 703 716
89. R. Zhang M.V. Poustovoitov X. Ye H.A. Santos W. Chen S.M. Daganzo J.P. Erzberger I.G. Serebriiskii A.A. Canutescu R.L. Dunbrack J.R. Pehrson J.M. Berger P.D. Kaufman P.D. Adams Formation of MacroH2A-containing senescence-associated heterochromatin foci and senescence driven by ASF1a and HIRA Dev. Cell 8 2005 19 30
90. X. Ye B. Zerlanko R. Zhang N. Somaiah M. Lipinski P. Salomoni P.D. Adams Definition of pRB- and p53-dependent and -independent steps in HIRA/ASF1a-mediated formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci Mol. Cell. Biol. 27 2007 2452 2465
91. R. Zhang W. Chen P.D. Adams Molecular dissection of formation of Senescent Associated Heterochromatin Foci. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27 2007 2343 2358
92. X. Ye B. Zerlanko A. Kennedy G. Banumathy R. Zhang P.D. Adams Downregulation of Wnt signaling is a trigger for formation of facultative heterochromatin and onset of cell senescence in primary human cells Mol. Cell 27 2007 183 196
93. R. Funayama M. Saito H. Tanobe F. Ishikawa Loss of linker histone H1 in cellular senescence J. Cell Biol. 175 2006 869 880
94. R. Benetti M. Garcia-Cao M.A. Blasco Telomere length regulates the epigenetic status of mammalian telomeres and subtelomeres Nat. Genet. 39 2007 243 250
95. B.A. Kudlow B.K. Kennedy R.J. Monnat Jr. Werner and Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndromes: mechanistic basis of human progeroid diseases Nat. Rev., Mol. Cell Biol. 8 2007 394 404
96. R.A. Miller 'Accelerated aging': a primrose path to insight? Aging Cell 3 2004 47 51
97. D.K. Shumaker T. Dechat A. Kohlmaier S.A. Adam M.R. Bozovsky M.R. Erdos M. Eriksson A.E. Goldman S. Khuon F.S. Collins T. Jenuwein R.D. Goldman Mutant nuclear lamin A leads to progressive alterations of epigenetic control in premature aging Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103 2006 8703 8708
98. P. Scaffidi T. Misteli Lamin A-dependent nuclear defects in human aging Science 312 2006 1059 1063
99. P. Scaffidi T. Misteli Reversal of the cellular phenotype in the premature aging disease Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome Nat. Med. 11 2005 440 445
100. C. Obuse O. Iwasaki T. Kiyomitsu G. Goshima Y. Toyoda M. Yanagida A conserved Mis12 centromere complex is linked to heterochromatic HP1 and outer kinetochore protein Zwint-1 Nat. Cell Biol. 6 2004 1135 1141
101. D.J. Amor P. Kalitsis H. Sumer K.H. Choo Building the centromere: from foundation proteins to 3D organization Trends Cell Biol. 14 2004 359 368
102. E.M. Torres T. Sokolsky C.M. Tucker L.Y. Chan M. Boselli M.J. Dunham A. Amon Effects of aneuploidy on cellular physiology and cell division in haploid yeast Science 317 2007 916 924
103. B.A. Weaver A.D. Silk C. Montagna P. Verdier-Pinard D.W. Cleveland Aneuploidy acts both oncogenically and as a tumor suppressor Cancer Cell 11 2007 25 36
104. R. Bahar C.H. Hartmann K.A. Rodriguez A.D. Denny R.A. Busuttil M.E. Dolle R.B. Calder G.B. Chisholm B.H. Pollock C.A. Klein J. Vijg Increased cell-to-cell variation in gene expression in ageing mouse heart Nature 441 2006 1011 1014
105. D.J. Rossi D. Bryder I.L. Weissman Hematopoietic stem cell aging: mechanism and consequence Exp. Gerontol. 42 2007 385 390
106. D.J. Rossi D. Bryder J.M. Zahn H. Ahlenius R. Sonu A.J. Wagers I.L. Weissman Cell intrinsic alterations underlie hematopoietic stem cell aging Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 2005 9194 9199
107. M.F. Fraga E. Ballestar M.F. Paz S. Ropero F. Setien M.L. Ballestar D. Heine-Suner J.C. Cigudosa M. Urioste J. Benitez M. Boix-Chornet A. Sanchez-Aguilera C. Ling E. Carlsson P. Poulsen A. Vaag Z. Stephan T.D. Spector Y.Z. Wu C. Plass M. Esteller Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 2005 10604 10609
108. F. Eckhardt J. Lewin R. Cortese V.K. Rakyan J. Attwood M. Burger J. Burton T.V. Cox R. Davies T.A. Down C. Haefliger R. Horton K. Howe D.K. Jackson J. Kunde C. Koenig J. Liddle D. Niblett T. Otto R. Pettett S. Seemann C. Thompson T. West J. Rogers A. Olek K. Berlin S. Beck DNA methylation profiling of human chromosomes 6, 20 and 22 Nat. Genet. 38 2006 1378 1385
109. P.W. Laird Cancer epigenetics Hum. Mol. Genet. 14 Spec No 1 2005 R65 R76
110. J. Campisi Cancer and ageing: rival demons? Nat. Rev. Cancer 3 2003 339 349
111. G.C. Williams Pleiotropy, natural selection and the evolution of senescence Evolution 11 1957 398 411
112. P. Cairns Gene methylation and early detection of genitourinary cancer: the road ahead Nat. Rev. Cancer 7 2007 531 543
113. L. Kopelovich J.A. Crowell J.R. Fay The epigenome as a target for cancer chemoprevention J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 95 2003 1747 1757
114. J.C. Milne P.D. Lambert S. Schenk D.P. Carney J.J. Smith D.J. Gagne L. Jin O. Boss R.B. Perni C.B. Vu J.E. Bemis R. Xie J.S. Disch P.Y. Ng J.J. Nunes A.V. Lynch H. Yang H. Galonek K. Israelian W. Choy A. Iffland S. Lavu O. Medvedik D.A. Sinclair J.M. Olefsky M.R. Jirousek P.J. Elliott C.H. Westphal Small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes Nature 450 2007 712 716
115. J.A. Baur K.J. Pearson N.L. Price H.A. Jamieson C. Lerin A. Kalra V.V. Prabhu J.S. Allard G. Lopez-Lluch K. Lewis P.J. Pistell S. Poosala K.G. Becker O. Boss D. Gwinn M. Wang S. Ramaswamy K.W. Fishbein R.G. Spencer E.G. Lakatta D. Le Couteur R.J. Shaw P. Navas P. Puigserver D.K. Ingram R. de Cabo D.A. Sinclair Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet Nature 444 2006 337 342
116. L. Bordone L. Guarente Calorie restriction, SIRT1 and metabolism: understanding longevity Nat. Rev., Mol. Cell Biol. 6 2005 298 305
117. M.T. Borra B.C. Smith J.M. Denu Mechanism of human SIRT1 activation by resveratrol J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 17187 17195
118. M. Kaeberlein T. McDonagh B. Heltweg J. Hixon E.A. Westman S.D. Caldwell A. Napper R. Curtis P.S. DiStefano S. Fields A. Bedalov B.K. Kennedy Substrate-specific activation of sirtuins by resveratrol J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 17038 17045