Gene therapy for type 1 diabetes: A proposal to move to the next level

Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 467-475

  Giannoukakis, Nick ^a   Trucco, Massimo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Clinical translation; Diabetes; Gene therapy; Tolerance

Indexed keywords

ADENOVIRUS VECTOR; CATALASE; CD134 ANTIBODY; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4; FAS LIGAND; GENE PRODUCT; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70; HEME OXYGENASE 1; I KAPPA B ALPHA; INDOLEAMINE 2,3 DIOXYGENASE; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1 ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12P40; INTERLEUKIN 4; LENTIVIRUS VECTOR; LIPOSOME; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 1; MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; PARVOVIRUS VECTOR; PHOSPHOPROTEIN ENRICHED IN ASTROCYTES 15; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN BCL XL; PROTEIN KINASE C DELTA; SOMATOMEDIN C; T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIBODY; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ANTIBODY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN; VIRUS PROTEIN;

DIABETES CONTROL; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; GENE TECHNOLOGY; GENE THERAPY; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; MOLECULAR CLONING; NONHUMAN; PANCREAS ISLET TRANSPLANTATION; PROTEIN DOMAIN; REVIEW; RODENT;

ANIMALS; AUTOIMMUNITY; CLONING, ORGANISM; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; EMBRYO; GENE THERAPY; GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN-SECRETING CELLS; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS;

ANIMALIA; RODENTIA;

EID: 27144432904     PISSN: 14648431     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (201)

1. Atkinson MA, Leiter EH: The NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes: As good as it gets? Nat Med (1999) 5(6):601-604.
2. Wicker LS, Todd JA, Peterson LB: Genetic control of autoimmune diabetes in the NOD mouse. Annu Rev Immunol (1995) 13:179-200.
3. Wegmann DR, Gill RG, Norbury-Glaser M, Schloot N, Daniel D: Analysis of the spontaneous T cell response to insulin in NOD mice. J Autoimmun (1994) 7(6):833-843.
4. Papaccio G, Baccari GC, Strate C, Linn T: Pancreatic duct inflammatory infiltration in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. J Anat (1994) 185(3):465-470.
5. Leiter EH, Serreze DV, Prochazka M: The genetics and epidemiology of diabetes in NOD mice. Immunol Today (1990) 11(5):147-149.
6. Tochino Y: The NOD mouse as a model of type I diabetes. Crit Rev Immunol (1987) 8(1):49-81.
7. Leiter EH, Prochazka M, Coleman DL: The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Am J Pathol (1987) 128(2):380-383.
8. Buse JB, Rowley RF, Eisenbarth GS: Disordered cellular immunity in type I diabetes of man and the BB rat. Surv Immunol Res (1982) 1(4):339-351.
9. Naji A, Silvers WK, Barker CF: Cell-mediated immunity in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes of man and the BB rat. Concepts Immunopathol (1985) 2:32-46.
10. Mordes JP, Desemone J, Rossini AA: The BB rat. Diabetes Metab Rev (1987) 3(3):725-750.
11. Kastern W, Lang F, Kryspin-Sorensen I: The genetics of insulin-dependent diabetes in the BB rat. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol (1990) 156:87-102.
12. Scott J: The spontaneously diabetic BB rat: Sites of the defects leading to autoimmunity and diabetes mellitus. A review. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol (1990) 156:1-14.
13. Malaisse WJ, Courtois P, Scott FW: Insulin-dependent diabetes and gut dysfunction: The BB rat model. Horm Metab Res (2004) 36(9):585-594.
14. Pugliese A: Genetics of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am (2004) 33(1):1-16 vii.
15. Lang J, Bellgrau D: Animal models of type 1 diabetes: Genetics and immunological function. Adv Exp Med Biol (2004) 552:91-116.
16. Pociot F, McDermott MF: Genetics of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Genes Immun (2002) 3(5):235-249.
17. Todd JA: Genetics of type 1 diabetes. Pathol Biol (Paris) (1997) 45(3):219-227.
18. Zorina TD, Subbotin VM, Bertera S, Alexander AM, Haluszczak C, Gambrell B, Bottino R, Styche AJ, Trucco M: Recovery of the endogenous β cell function in the NOD model of autoimmune diabetes. Stem Cells (2003) 21(4):377-388.
19. Mottram PL, Murray-Segal LJ, Han W, Maguire J, Stein-Oakley AN: Remission and pancreas isograft survival in recent onset diabetic NOD mice after treatment with low-dose anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. Transpl Immunol (2002) 10(1):63-72.
20. Pozzilli P: The DPT-1 trial: A negative result with lessons for future type 1 diabetes prevention. Diabetes Metab Res Rev (2002) 18(4):257-259.
21. Schatz DA, Bingley PJ: Update on major trials for the prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus: The American Diabetes Prevention Trial (DPT-1) and the European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT). J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2001) 14(Suppl 1):619-622.
22. Tarbell KV, Yamazaki S, Olson K, Toy P, Steinman RM: CD25+ CD4+ T cells, expanded with dendritic cells presenting a single autoantigenic peptide, suppress autoimmune diabetes. J Exp Med (2004) 199(11):1467-1477.
23. Machen J, Hamaha J, Lakomy R, Styche A, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N: Antisense oligonucleotides down-regulating costimulation confer diabetes-preventive properties to nonobese diabetic mouse dendritic cells. J Immunol (2004) 173(7):4331-4341.
24. Feili-Hariri M, Falkner DH, Gambotto A, Papworth GD, Watkins SC, Robbins PD, Morel PA: Dendritic cells transduced to express interleukin-4 prevent diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice with advanced insulitis. Hum Gene Ther (2003) 14(1):13-23.
25. Adorini L: Tolerogenic dendritic cells induced by vitamin D receptor ligands enhance regulatory T cells inhibiting autoimmune diabetes. Ann NY Acad Sci (2003) 987:258-261.
26. 3 analog enhances regulatory T-cells and arrests autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes (2002) 51(5):1367-1374.
27. Feili-Hariri M, Falkner DH, Morel PA: Regulatory Th2 response induced following adoptive transfer of dendritic cells in prediabetic NOD mice. Eur J Immunol (2002) 32(7):2021-2030.
28. Boudaly S, Morin J, Berthier R, Marche P, Boitard C: Altered dendritic cells (DC) might be responsible for regulatory T cell imbalance and autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Eur Cytokine Netw (2002) 13(1):29-37.
29. Steptoe RJ, Ritchie JM, Jones LK, Harrison LC: Autoimmune diabetes is suppressed by transfer of proinsulin-encoding Gr-1+ myeloid progenitor cells that differentiate in vivo into resting dendritic cells. Diabetes (2005) 54(2):434-442.
30. Kared H, Masson A, Adle-Biassette H, Bach JF, Chatenoud L, Zavala F: Treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prevents diabetes in NOD mice by recruiting plasmacytoid dendritic cells and functional CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells. Diabetes (2005) 54(1):78-84.
31. Ma L, Qian S, Liang X, Wang L, Woodward JE, Giannoukakis N, Robbins PD, Bertera S, Trucco M, Fung JJ, Lu L: Prevention of diabetes in NOD mice by administration of dendritic cells deficient in nuclear transcription factor-κB activity. Diabetes (2003) 52(8):1976-1985.
32. Calder VL, Bondeson J, Brennan FM, Foxwell BM, Feldmann M: Antigen-specific T-cell downregulation by human dendritic cells following blockade of NF-κB. Scand J Immunol (2003) 57(3):261-270.
33. Morel PA, Vasquez AC, Feili-Hariri M: Immunobiology of DC in NOD mice. J Leukoc Biol (1999) 66(2):276-280.
34. Feili-Hariri M, Dong X, Alber SM, Watkins SC, Salter RD, Morel PA: Immunotherapy of NOD mice with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Diabetes (1999) 48(12):2300-2308.
35. Morse MA, Deng Y, Coleman D, Hull S, Kitrell-Fisher E, Nair S, Schlom J, Ryback ME, Lyerly HK: A phase I study of active immunotherapy with carcinoembryonic antigen peptide (CAP-1)-pulsed, autologous human cultured dendritic cells in patients with metastatic malignancies expressing carcinoembryonic antigen. Clin Cancer Res (1999) 5(6):1331-1338.
36. Heiser A, Maurice MA, Yancey DR, Coleman DM, Dahm P, Vieweg J: Human dendritic cells transfected with renal tumor RNA stimulate polyclonal T-cell responses against antigens expressed by primary and metastatic tumors. Cancer Res (2001) 61(8):3388-3393.
37. Dhodapkar MV, Steinman RM, Krasovsky J, Munz C, Bhardwaj N: Antigen-specific inhibition of effector T cell function in humans after injection of immature dendritic cells. J Exp Med (2001) 193(2):233-238.
38. Prud'homme GJ, Chang Y: Prevention of autoimmune diabetes by intramuscular gene therapy with a nonviral vector encoding an interferon-γ receptor/IgG1 fusion protein. Gene Ther (1999) 6(5):771-777.
39. Piccirillo CA, Chang Y, Prud'homme GJ: TGF-β1 somatic gene therapy prevents autoimmune disease in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol (1998) 161(8):3950-3956.
40. Giannoukakis N, Trucco M: Current status and prospects for gene and cell therapeutics for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord (2003) 4(4):369-380.
41. Bottino R, Lemarchand P, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N: Gene- and cell-based therapeutics for type I diabetes mellitus. Gene Ther (2003) 10(10):875-889.
42. Giannoukakis N, Robbins PD: Gene and cell therapies for diabetes mellitus: Strategies and clinical potential. BioDrugs (2002) 16(3):149-173.
43. Prud'homme GJ: Prevention of autoimmune diabetes by DNA vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines (2003) 2(4):533-540.
44. Herold KC, Gitelman SE, Masharani U, Hagopian W, Bisikirska B, Donaldson D, Rother K, Diamond B, Harlan DM, Bluestone JA: A single course of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody hOKT3γ1(Ala-Ala) results in improvement in C-peptide responses and clinical parameters for at least 2 years after onset of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes (2005) 54(6):1763-1769.
45. Bisikirska BC, Herold KC: Regulatory T cells and type 1 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep (2005) 5(2):104-109.
46. Bisikirska BC, Herold KC: Use of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody to induce immune regulation in type 1 diabetes. Ann NY Acad Sci (2004) 1037:1-9.
47. Glandt M, Herold KC: Treatment of type 1 diabetes with anti-T-cell agents: From T-cell depletion to T-cell regulation. Curr Diab Rep (2004) 4(4):291-297.
48. Herold KC: Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus to preserve insulin secretion. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am (2004) 33(1):93-111 ix.
49. Herold KC, Taylor L: Treatment of type 1 diabetes with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody: Induction of immune regulation? Immunol Res (2003) 28(2):141-150.
50. Herold KC, Hagopian W, Auger JA, Poumian-Ruiz E, Taylor L, Donaldson D, Gitelman SE, Harlan DM, Xu D, Bluestone JA: Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med (2002) 346(22):1692-1698.
51. Keymeulen B, Vandemeulebroucke E, Ziegler AG, Mathieu C, Kaufman L, Hale G, Gorus F, Goldman M, Walter M, Candon S, Schandene L et al: Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med (2005) 352(25):2598-2608.
52. Huber S, Schramm C, Lehr HA, Mann A, Schmitt S, Becker C, Protschka M, Galle PR, Neurath MF, Blessing M: Cutting edge: TGF-β signaling is required for the in vivo expansion and immunosuppressive capacity of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells. J Immunol (2004) 173(11):6526-6531.
53. Hoffmann P, Eder R, Kunz-Schughart LA, Andreesen R, Edinger M: Large-scale in vitro expansion of polyclonal human CD4+CD25 high regulatory T cells. Blood (2004) 104(3):895-903.
54. Lin CH, Hunig T: Efficient expansion of regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo with a CD28 superagonist. Eur J Immunol (2003) 33(3):626-638.
55. Ryan EA, Paty BW, Senior PA, Bigam D, Alfadhli E, Kneteman NM, Lakey JR, Shapiro AM: Five-year follow-up after clinical islet transplantation. Diabetes (2005) 54(7):2060-2069.
56. Gaglia JL, Shapiro AM, Weir GC: Islet transplantation: Progress and challenge. Arch Med Res (2005) 36(3):273-280.
57. Ryan EA, Paty BW, Senior PA, Shapiro AM: Risks and side effects of islet transplantation. Curr Diab Rep (2004) 4(4):304-309.
58. Shapiro AM, Nanji SA, Lakey JR: Clinical islet transplant: Current and future directions towards tolerance. Immunol Rev (2003) 196:219-236.
59. Burridge PW, Shapiro AM, Ryan EA, Lakey JR: Future trends in clinical islet transplantation. Transplant Proc (2002) 34(8):3347-3348.
60. Giannoukakis N, Trucco M: Gene therapy technology applied to disorders of glucose metabolism: Promise, achievements, and prospects. Biotechniques (2003) 35(1):122-145.
61. Yang YW, Hsieh YC: Regulated secretion of proinsulin/insulin from human hepatoma cells transduced by recombinant adeno-associated virus. Biotechnol Appl Biochem (2001) 33(2):133-140.
62. Matsumoto T, Yamaguchi M, Kuzume M, Matsumiya A, Kumada K: Insulin gene transfer with adenovirus vector via the spleen safely and effectively improves posthepatectomized conditions in diabetic rats. J Surg Res (2003) 110(1):228-234.
63. Chen R, Meseck M, McEvoy RC, Woo SL: Glucose-stimulated and self-limiting insulin production by glucose 6-phosphatase promoter driven insulin expression in hepatoma cells. Gene Ther (2000) 7(21):1802-1809.
64. Thule PM, Liu JM: Regulated hepatic insulin gene therapy of STZ-diabetic rats. Gene Ther (2000) 7(20):1744-1752.
65. Falqui L, Martinenghi S, Berra C, Monti L, Leone BE, Pozza G, Bordignon C: Human proinsulin production in primary rat hepatocytes after retroviral vector gene transfer. J Mol Med (1999) 77(1):250-253.
66. Nett PC, Sollinger HW, Alam T: Hepatic insulin gene therapy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Transplant (2003) 3(10):1197-1203.
67. Alam T, Sollinger HW: Glucose-regulated insulin production in hepatocytes. Transplantation (2002) 74(12):1781-1787.
68. Dong H, Anthony K, Morral N: Challenges for gene therapy of type 1 diabetes. Curr Gene Ther (2002) 2(4):403-414.
69. Efrat S: Generation of surrogate β cells from tissue stem cells. Curr Diab Rep (2004) 4(4):298-303.
70. Hussain MA, Theise ND: Stem-cell therapy for diabetes mellitus. Lancet (2004) 364(9429):203-205.
71. Peck AB, Ramiya V: In vitro-generation of surrogate islets from adult stem cells. Transpl Immunol (2004) 12(3-4):259-272.
72. Chaudhari M, Cornelius JG, Schatz D, Peck AB, Ramiya VK: Pancreatic stem cells: A therapeutic agent that may offer the best approach for curing type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes (2001) 2(4):195-202.
73. Shamblott MJ, Clark GO: Cell therapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Biol Ther (2004) 4(3):269-277.
74. Efrat S: Cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes. Trends Mol Med (2002) 8(7):334-339.
75. Strader AD, Woods SC: Gastrointestinal hormones and food intake. Gastroenterology (2005) 128(1):175-191.
76. Yamada S, Kojima H, Fujimiya M, Nakamura T, Kashiwagi A, Kikkawa R: Differentiation of immature enterocytes into enteroendocrine cells by Pdx1 overexpression. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (2001) 281(1):G229-G236.
77. Skipper M, Lewis J: Getting to the guts of enteroendocrine differentiation. Nat Genet (2000) 24(1):3-4.
78. Tang SC, Sambanis A: Differential rAAV2 transduction efficiencies and insulin secretion profiles in pure and co-culture models of human enteroendocrine L-cells and enterocytes. J Gene Med (2004) 6(9):1003-1013.
79. Tang SC, Sambanis A: Development of genetically engineered human intestinal cells for regulated insulin secretion using rAAV-mediated gene transfer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2003) 303(2):645-652.
80. Ramshur EB, Rull TR, Wice BM: Novel insulin/GIP co-producing cell lines provide unexpected insights into gut K-cell function in vivo. J Cell Physiol (2002) 192(3):339-350.
81. Cheung AT, Dayanandan B, Lewis JT, Korbutt GS, Rajotte RV, Bryer-Ash M, Boylan MO, Wolfe MM, Kieffer TJ: Glucose-dependent insulin release from genetically engineered K cells. Science (2000) 290(5498):1959-1962.
82. Halban PA: Cellular sources of new pancreatic β cells and therapeutic implications for regenerative medicine. Nat Cell Biol (2004) 6(11):1021-1025.
83. Halban PA: Towards a perfect β cell replacement. Semin Cell Dev Biol (2004) 15(3):325-326.
84. Stoffel M, Vallier L, Pedersen RA: Navigating the pathway from embryonic stem cells to β cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol (2004) 15(3):327-336.
85. Street CN, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS: Stem cells: A promising source of pancreatic islets for transplantation in type 1 diabetes. Curr Top Dev Biol (2003) 58:111-136.
86. Bonner-Weir S: Stem cells in diabetes: What has been achieved. Horm Res (2003) 60 (Suppl 3):10.
87. Soria B, Skoudy A, Martin F: From stem cells to β cells: New strategies in cell therapy of diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia (2001) 44(4):407-415.
88. Dor Y, Brown J, Martinez OI, Melton DA: Adult Pancreatic β-cells are formed by self-duplication rather than stem-cell differentiation. Nature (2004) 429(6987):41-46.
89. Bonner-Weir S, Sharma A: Pancreatic stem cells. J Pathol (2002) 197(4):519-526.
90. Edlund H: Developmental biology of the pancreas. Diabetes (2001) 50 (Suppl 1):S5-S9.
91. Edlund H: Factors controlling pancreatic cell differentiation and function. Diabetologia (2001) 44(9):1071-1079.
92. Bretzel RG, Eckhard M, Brendel MD: Pancreatic islet and stem cell transplantation: New strategies in cell therapy of diabetes mellitus. Panminerva Med (2004) 46(1):25-42.
93. Hwang WS, Roh SI, Lee BC, Kang SK, Kwon DK, Kim S, Kim SJ, Park SW, Kwon HS, Lee CK, Lee JB et al: Patient-specific embryonic stem cells derived from human SCNT blastocysts. Science (2005) 308(5729):1777-1783.
94. Magnus D, Cho MK: Ethics. Issues in oocyte donation for stem cell research. Science (2005) 308(5729):1747-1748.
95. Dillman R, Selvan S, Schiltz P, Peterson C, Allen K, Depriest C, McClay E, Barth N, Sheehy P, de Leon C, Beutel L: Phase I/II trial of melanoma patient-specific vaccine of proliferating autologous tumor cells, dendritic cells, and GM-CSF: Planned interim analysis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm (2004) 19(5):658-665.
96. Chang GC, Lan HC, Juang SH, Wu YC, Lee HC, Hung YM, Yang HY, Whang-Peng J, Liu KJ: A pilot clinical trial of vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with autologous tumor cells derived from malignant pleural effusion in patients with late-stage lung carcinoma. Cancer (2005) 103(4):763-771.
97. Di Nicola M, Carlo-Stella C, Mortarini R, Baldassari P, Guidetti A, Gallino GF, Del Vecchio M, Ravagnani F, Magni M, Chaplin P, Cascinelli N et al: Boosting T cell-mediated immunity to tyrosinase by vaccinia virus-transduced, CD34+-derived dendritic cell vaccination: A phase I trial in metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res (2004) 10(16):5381-5390.
98. Gordon LK, Ribas A, Nusinowitz S, Butterfield LH, Glaspy JA, Economou JS, Straatsma BR: Surveillance of the eye and vision in a clinical trial of MART1-transformed dendritic cells for metastatic melanoma. Control Clin Trials (2004) 25(4):400-407.
99. Price N: Improved survival benefit of autologous dendritic cell-based vaccine for hormone refractory prostate cancer: A retrospective subset analysis of the d9901 trial. Clin Prostate Cancer (2004) 2(4):212.
100. Slingluff CL Jr, Petroni GR, Yamshchikov GV, Barnd DL, Eastham S, Galavotti H, Patterson JW, Deacon DH, Hibbitts S, Teates D, Neese PY et al: Clinical and immunologic results of a randomized phase II trial of vaccination using four melanoma peptides either administered in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adjuvant or pulsed on dendritic cells. J Clin Oncol (2003) 21(21):4016-4026.
101. Yamanaka R, Abe T, Yajima N, Tsuchiya N, Homma J, Kobayashi T, Narita M, Takahashi M, Tanaka R: Vaccination of recurrent glioma patients with tumour lysate-pulsed dendritic cells elicits immune responses: Results of a clinical phase I/II trial. Br J Cancer (2003) 89(7):1172-1179.
102. Di Nicola M, Carlo-Stella C, Anichini A, Mortarini R, Guidetti A, Tragni G, Gallino F, Del Vecchio M, Ravagnani F, Morelli D, Chaplin P et al: Clinical protocol. Immunization of patients with malignant melanoma with autologous CD34+ cell-derived dendritic cells transduced ex vivo with a recombinant replication-deficient vaccinia vector encoding the human tyrosinase gene: A phase I trial. Hum Gene Ther (2003) 14(14):1347-1360.
103. Gitlitz BJ, Belldegrun AS, Zisman A, Chao DH, Pantuck AJ, Hinkel A, Mulders P, Moldawer N, Tso CL, Figlin RA: A pilot trial of tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cells for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Immunother (2003) 26(5):412-419.
104. O'Rourke MG, Johnson M, Lanagan C, See J, Yang J, Bell JR, Slater GJ, Kerr BM, Crowe B, Purdie DM, Elliott SL et al: Durable complete clinical responses in a phase I/II trial using an autologous melanoma cell/dendritic cell vaccine. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2003) 52(6):387-395.
105. Marten A, Renoth S, Heinicke T, Albers P, Pauli A, Mey U, Caspari R, Flieger D, Hanfland P, Von Ruecker A, Eis-Hubinger AM et al: Allogeneic dendritic cells fused with tumor cells: Preclinical results and outcome of a clinical phase I/II trial in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Hum Gene Ther (2003) 14(5):483-494.
106. Pecher G, Haring A, Kaiser L, Thiel E: Mucin gene (MUC1) transfected dendritic cells as vaccine: Results of a phase I/II clinical trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2002) 51(11-12):669-673.
107. Marten A, Flieger D, Renoth S, Weineck S, Albers P, Compes M, Schottker B, Ziske C, Engelhart S, Hanfland P, Krizek L et al: Therapeutic vaccination against metastatic renal cell carcinoma by autologous dendritic cells: Preclinical results and outcome of a first clinical phase I/II trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother(2002) 51(11-12):637-644.
108. Chang AE, Redman BG, Whitfield JR, Nickoloff BJ, Braun TM, Lee PP, Geiger JD, Mule JJ: A phase I trial of tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells in the treatment of advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res (2002) 8(4):1021-1032.
109. Hernando JJ, Park TW, Kubler K, Offergeld R, Schlebusch H, Bauknecht T: Vaccination with autologous tumour antigen-pulsed dendritic cells in advanced gynaecological malignancies: Clinical and immunological evaluation of a phase I trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2002) 51(1):45-52.
110. Correale P, Campoccia G, Tsang KY, Micheli L, Cusi MG, Sabatino M, Bruni G, Sestini S, Petrioli R, Pozzessere D, Marsili S et al: Recruitment of dendritic cells and enhanced antigen-specific immune reactivity in cancer patients treated with hr-GM-CSF (Molgramostim) and hr-IL-2. Results from a phase Ib clinical trial. Eur J Cancer (2001) 37(7):892-902.
111. Burch PA, Breen JK, Buckner JC, Gastineau DA, Kaur JA, Laus RL, Padley DJ, Peshwa MV, Pitot HC, Richardson RL, Smits BJ et al: Priming tissue-specific cellular immunity in a phase I trial of autologous dendritic cells for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res (2000) 6(6):2175-2182.
112. Lodge PA, Jones LA, Bader RA, Murphy GP, Salgaller ML: Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy of prostate cancer: Immune monitoring of a phase II clinical trial. Cancer Res (2000) 60(4):829-833.
113. Murphy GP, Tjoa BA, Simmons SJ, Jarisch J, Bowes VA, Ragde H, Rogers M, Elgamal A, Kenny GM, Cobb OE, Ireton RC et al: Infusion of dendritic cells pulsed with HLA-A2-specific prostate-specific membrane antigen peptides: A phase II prostate cancer vaccine trial involving patients with hormone-refractory metastatic disease. Prostate (1999) 38(1):73-78.
114. Murphy G, Tjoa B, Ragde H, Kenny G, Boynton A: Phase I clinical trial: T-cell therapy for prostate cancer using autologous dendritic cells pulsed with HLA-A0201-specific peptides from prostate-specific membrane antigen. Prostate (1996) 29(6):371-380.
115. Gad M, Kristensen NN, Kury E, Claesson MH: Characterization of T-regulatory cells, induced by immature dendritic cells, which inhibit enteroantigen-reactive colitis-inducing T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Immunology (2004) 113(4):499-508.
116. Rutella S, Lemoli RM: Regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells: From basic biology to clinical applications. Immunol Lett (2004) 94(1-2):11-26.
117. Godfrey WR, Ge YG, Spoden DJ, Levine BL, June CH, Blazar BR, Porter SB: In vitro-expanded human CD4+CD25+ T-regulatory cells can markedly inhibit allogeneic dendritic cell-stimulated MLR cultures. Blood (2004) 104(2):453-461.
118. Oldenhove G, de Heusch M, Urbain-Vansanten G, Urbain J, Maliszewski C, Leo O, Moser M: CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells control T helper cell type 1 responses to foreign antigens induced by mature dendritic cells in vivo. J Exp Med (2003) 198(2):259-266.
119. Akbari O, Umetsu DT: Role of regulatory dendritic cells in allergy and asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep (2005) 5(1):56-61.
120. Moseman EA, Liang X, Dawson AJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Krieg AM, Liu YJ, Blazar BR, Chen W: Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells activated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induce the generation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol (2004) 173(7):4433-4442.
121. Min WP, Zhou D, Ichim TE, Strejan GH, Xia X, Yang J, Huang X, Garcia B, White D, Dutartre P, Jevnikar AM et al: Inhibitory feedback loop between tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in transplant tolerance. J Immunol (2003) 170(3):1304-1312.
122. Lu L, Qian S, Hershberger PA, Rudert WA, Lynch DH, Thomson AW: Fas ligand (CD95L) and B7 expression on dendritic cells provide counter-regulatory signals for T cell survival and proliferation. J Immunol (1997) 158(12):5676-5684.
123. Hoves S, Krause SW, Herfarth H, Halbritter D, Zhang HG, Mountz JD, Scholmerich J, Fleck M: Elimination of activated but not resting primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by Fas ligand (FasL/CD95L)-expressing killer-dendritic cells. Immunobiology (2004) 208(5):463-475.
124. Gainer AL, Suarez-Pinzon WL, Min WP, Swiston JR, Hancock-Friesen C, Korbutt GS, Rajotte RV, Warnock GL, Elliott JF: Improved survival of biolistically transfected mouse islet allografts expressing CTLA4-Ig or soluble Fas ligand. Transplantation (1998) 66(2):194-199.
125. Gainer AL, Korbutt GS, Rajotte RV, Warnock GL, Elliott JF: Expression of CTLA4-Ig by biolistically transfected mouse islets promotes islet allograft survival. Transplantation (1997) 63(7):1017-1021.
126. Welsh N, Oberg C, Hellerstrom C, Welsh M: Liposome mediated in vitro transfection of pancreatic islet cells. Biomed Biochim Acta (1990) 49(12):1157-1164.
127. Benhamou PY, Moriscot C, Prevost P, Rolland E, Halimi S, Chroboczek J: Standardization of procedure for efficient ex vivo gene transfer into porcine pancreatic islets with cationic liposomes. Transplantation (1997) 63(12):1798-1803.
128. Smith DK, Korbutt GS, Suarez-Pinzon WL, Kao D, Rajotte RV, Elliott JF: Interleukin-4 or interleukin-10 expressed from adenovirus-transduced syngeneic islet grafts fails to prevent β cell destruction in diabetic NOD mice. Transplantation (1997) 64(7):1040-1049.
129. Yasuda H, Nagata M, Arisawa K, Yoshida R, Fujihira K, Okamoto N, Moriyama H, Miki M, Saito I, Hamada H, Yokono K, Kasuga M: Local expression of immunoregulatory IL-12p40 gene prolonged syngeneic islet graft survival in diabetic NOD mice. J Clin Invest (1998) 102(10):1807-1814.
130. Benhamou PY, Mullen Y, Shaked A, Bahmiller D, Csete ME: Decreased alloreactivity to human islets secreting recombinant viral interleukin 10. Transplantation (1996) 62(9):1306-1312.
131. Judge TA, Desai NM, Yang Z, Rostami S, Alonso L, Zhang H, Chen Y, Markman JF, DeMateo RP, Barker CF, Naji A, Turka LA: Utility of adenoviral-mediated Fas ligand gene transfer to modulate islet allograft survival. Transplantation (1998) 66(4):426-434.
132. von Herrath MG, Efrat S, Oldstone MB, Horwitz MS: Expression of adenoviral E3 transgenes in β cells prevents autoimmune diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1997) 94(18):9808-9813.
133. Weber M, Deng S, Kucher T, Shaked A, Ketchum RJ, Brayman KL: Adenoviral transfection of isolated pancreatic islets: A study of programmed cell death (apoptosis) and islet function. J Surg Res (1997) 69(1):23-32.
134. Csete ME, Benhamou PY, Drazan KE, Wu L, McIntee DF, Afra R, Mullen Y, Busuttil RW, Shaked A: Efficient gene transfer to pancreatic islets mediated by adenoviral vectors. Transplantation (1995) 59(2):263-268.
135. Raper SE, DeMatteo RP: Adenovirus-mediated in vivo gene transfer and expression in normal rat pancreas. Pancreas (1996) 12(4):401-410.
136. Saldeen J, Curiel DT, Eizirik DL, Andersson A, Strandell E, Buschard K, Welsh N: Efficient gene transfer to dispersed human pancreatic islet cells in vitro using adenovirus-polylysine/DNA complexes or polycationic liposomes. Diabetes (1996) 45(9):1197-1203.
137. Grey ST, Arvelo MB, Hasenkamp W, Bach FH, Ferran C: A20 inhibits cytokine/induced apoptosis and nuclear factor κB-dependent gene activation in islets. J Exp Med (1999) 190(8):1135-1146.
138. Muruve DA, Manfro RC, Strom TB, Libermann TA: Ex vivo adenovirus-mediated gene delivery leads to long-term expression in pancreatic islet transplants. Transplantation (1997) 64(3):542-546.
139. Becker TC, BeltrandelRio H, Noel RJ, Johnson JH, Newgard CB: Overexpression of hexokinase I in isolated islets of Langerhans via recombinant adenovirus. Enhancement of glucose metabolism and insulin secretion at basal but not stimulatory glucose levels. J Biol Chem (1994) 269(33):21234-21238.
140. Giannoukakis N, Rudert WA, Ghivizzani SC, Gambotto A, Ricordi C, Trucco M, Robbins PD: Adenoviral gene transfer of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein to human islets prevents IL-1β-induced β-cell impairment and activation of islet cell apoptosis in vitro. Diabetes (1999) 48(9):1730-1736.
141. Giannoukakis N, Bonham CA, Qian S, Chen Z, Peng L, Hamaha J, Li W, Thomson AW, Fung JJ, Robbins PD, Lu L: Prolongation of cardiac allograft survival using dendritic cells heated with NF-κB decoy oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Mol Ther (2000) 1(5 Pt 1):430-437.
142. Flotte T, Agarwal A, Wang J, Song S, Fenjves ES, Inverardi L, Chesnut K, Afione S, Loiler S, Wasserfall C, Kapturczak M et al: Efficient ex vivo transduction of pancreatic islet cells with recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. Diabetes (2001) 50(3):515-520.
143. Yang YW, Kotin RM: Glucose-responsive gene delivery in pancreatic islet cells via recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors. Pharm Res (2000) 17(9):1056-1061.
144. Kapturczak M, Zolotukhin S, Cross J, Pileggi A, Molano RD, Jorgensen M, Byrne B, Flotte TR, Ellis T, Inverardi L, Ricordi C et al: Transduction of human and mouse pancreatic islet cells using a bicistronic recombinant adeno-associated viral vector. Mol Ther (2002) 5(2):154-160.
145. Shifrin AL, Auricchio A, Yu QC, Wilson J, Raper SE: Adenoviral vector-mediated insulin gene transfer in the mouse pancreas corrects streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Gene Ther (2001) 8(19):1480-1489.
146. Contreras JL, Bilbao G, Smyth C, Eckhoff DE, Xiang XL, Jenkins S, Cartner S, Curiel DT, Thomas FT, Thomas JM: Gene transfer of the Bcl-2 gene confers cytoprotection to isolated adult porcine pancreatic islets exposed to xenoreactive antibodies and complement. Surgery (2001) 130(2):166-174.
147. Alexander AM, Crawford M, Bertera S, Rudert WA, Takikawa O, Robbins PD, Trucco M: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in transplanted NOD islets prolongs graft survival after adoptive transfer of diabetogenic splenocytes. Diabetes (2002) 51(2):356-365.
148. Contreras JL, Bilbao G, Smyth CA, Jiang XL, Eckhoff DE, Jenkins SM, Thomas FT, Curiel DT, Thomas JM: Cytoprotection of pancreatic islets before and soon after transplantation by gene transfer of the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 gene. Transplantation (2001) 71(8):1015-1023.
149. Uchikoshi F, Yang ZD, Rostami S, Yokoi Y, Capocci P, Barker CF, Naji A: Prevention of autoimmune recurrence and rejection by adenovirus-mediated CTLA4Ig gene transfer to the pancreatic graft in BB rat. Diabetes (1999) 48(3):652-657.
150. Moriscot C, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J, Richard MJ, Lemarchand P, Benhamou PY: Contribution of adenoviral-mediated superoxide dismutase gene transfer to the reduction in nitric oxide-induced cytotoxicity on human islets and INS-1 insulin-secreting cells. Diabetologia (2000) 43(5):625-631.
151. Guo Z, Shen J, Mital D, Hong Y, Alemany R, Zhong WW, Jensik SC, Williams JW: Efficient gene transfer and expression in islets by an adenoviral vector that lacks all viral genes. Cell Transplant (1999) 8(6):661-671.
152. Leibowitz G, Beattie GM, Kafri T, Cirulli V, Lopez AD, Hayek A, Levine F: Gene transfer to human pancreatic endocrine cells using viral vectors. Diabetes (1999) 48(4):745-753.
153. Gallichan WS, Kafri T, Krahl T, Verma IM, Sarvetnick N: Lentivirus-mediated transduction of islet grafts with interleukin 4 results in sustained gene expression and protection from insulitis. Hum Gene Ther (1998) 9(18):2717-2726.
154. Ju Q, Edelstein D, Brendel MD, Brandhorst D, Brandhorst H, Bretzel RG, Brownlee M: Transduction of non-dividing adult human pancreatic β cells by an integrating lentiviral vector. Diabetologia (1998) 41(6):736-739.
155. Giannoukakis N, Mi Z, Gambotto A, Eramo A, Ricordi C, Trucco M, Robbins P: Infection of intact human islets by a lentiviral vector. Gene Ther (1999) 6(9):1545-1551.
156. Liu Y, Rabinovitch A, Suarez-Pinzon W, Muhkerjee B, Brownlee M, Edelstein D, Federoff HJ: Expression of the bcl-2 gene from a defective HSV-1 amplicon vector protects pancreatic β-cells from apoptosis. Hum Gene Ther (1996) 7(14):1719-1726.
157. Rabinovitch A, Suarez-Pinzon W, Strynadka K, Ju Q, Edelstein D, Brownlee M, Korbutt GS, Rajotte RV: Transfection of human pancreatic islets with an anti-apoptotic gene (bcl-2) protects β-cells from cytokine-induced destruction. Diabetes (1999) 48(6):1223-1229.
158. Mi Z, Mai J, Lu X, Robbins PD: Characterization of a class of cationic peptides able to facilitate efficient protein transduction in vitro and in vivo. Mol Ther (2000) 2(4):339-347.
159. Embury J, Klein D, Pileggi A, Ribeiro M, Jayaraman S, Molano RD, Fraker C, Kenyon N, Ricordi C, Inverardi L, Pastori RL: Proteins linked to a protein transduction domain efficiently transduce pancreatic islets. Diabetes (2001) 50(8):1706-1713.
160. Rehman KK, Bertera S, Bottino R, Balamurugan AN, Mai JC, Mi Z, Trucco M, Robbins PD: Protection of islets by in situ peptide-mediated transduction of the IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor Nemo-binding domain peptide. J Biol Chem (2003) 278(11):9862-9868.
161. Dupraz P, Rinsch C, Pralong WF, Rolland E, Zufferey R, Trono D, Thorens B: Lentivirus-mediated Bcl-2 expression in βTC-tet cells improves resistance to hypoxia and cytokine-induced apoptosis while preserving in vitro and in vivo control of insulin secretion. Gene Ther (1999) 6(6):1160-1169.
162. L in β-cells prevents cell death but impairs mitochondrial signal for insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (2000) 278(2):E340-E351.
163. Tobiasch E, Gunther L, Bach FH: Heme oxygenase-1 protects pancreatic β cells from apoptosis caused by various stimuli. J Investig Med (2001) 49(6):566-571.
164. Pileggi A, Molano RD, Berney T, Cattan P, Vizzardelli C, Oliver R, Fraker C, Ricordi C, Pastori RL, Bach FH, Inverardi L: Heme oxygenase-1 induction in islet cells results in protection from apoptosis and improved in vivo function after transplantation. Diabetes (2001) 50(9):1983-1991.
165. Ye J, Laychock SG: A protective role for heme oxygenase expression in pancreatic islets exposed to interleukin-1β. Endocrinology (1998) 139(10):4155-4163.
166. Carpenter L, Cordery D, Biden TJ: Inhibition of protein kinase C δ protects rat INS-1 cells against interleukin-1β and streptozotocin-induced apoptosis. Diabetes (2002) 51(2):317-324.
167. Dupraz P, Cottet S, Hamburger F, Dolci W, Felley-Bosco E, Thorens B: Dominant negative MyD88 proteins inhibit interleukin-1β/interferon-γ-mediated induction of nuclear factor κB-dependent nitrite production and apoptosis in β cells. J Biol Chem (2000) 275(48):37672-37678.
168. Giannoukakis N, Mi Z, Rudert WA, Gambotto A, Trucco M, Robbins P: Prevention of β cell dysfunction and apoptosis activation in human islets by adenoviral gene transfer of the insulin-like growth factor I. Gene Ther (2000) 7(23):2015-2022.
169. Burkart V, Liu H, Bellmann K, Wissing D, Jaattela M, Cavallo MG, Pozzilli P, Briviba K, Kolb H: Natural resistance of human β cells toward nitric oxide is mediated by heat shock protein 70. J Biol Chem (2000) 275(26):19521-19528.
170. Xu B, Moritz JT, Epstein PN: Overexpression of catelase provides partial protection to transgenic mouse β cells. Free Radic Biol Med (1999) 27(7-8):830-837.
171. Benhamou PY, Moriscot C, Richard MJ, Beatrix O, Badet L, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J, Chroboczek J, Lemarchand P, Halimi S: Adenovirus-mediated catalase gene transfer reduces oxidant stress in human, porcine and rat pancreatic islets. Diabetologia (1998) 41(9):1093-1100.
172. Hohmeier HE, Thigpen A, Tran VV, Davis R, Newgard CB: Stable expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in insulinoma cells prevents IL-1β-induced cytotoxicity and reduces nitric oxide production. J Clin Invest (1998) 101(9):1811-1820.
173. Bertera S, Crawford ML, Alexander AM, Papworth GD, Watkins SC, Robbins PD, Trucco M: Gene transfer of manganese superoxide dismutase extends islet graft function in a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes (2003) 52(2):387-393.
174. Yang Z, Chen M, Wu R, Fialkow LB, Bromberg JS, McDuffie M, Naji A, Nadler JL: Suppression of autoimmune diabetes by viral IL-10 gene transfer. J Immunol (2002) 168(12):6479-6485.
175. Deng S, Ketchum RJ, Yang ZD, Kucher T, Weber M, Shaked A, Naji A, Brayman KL: IL-10 and TGF-β gene transfer to rodent islets: Effect on xenogeneic islet graft survival in naive and B-cell-deficient mice. Transplant Proc (1997) 29(4):2207-2208.
176. Hao W, Palmer JP: Recombinant human transforming growth factor β does not inhibit the effects of interleukin-1β on pancreatic islet cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res (1995) 15(12):1075-1081.
177. Kang SM, Schneider DB, Lin Z, Hanahan D, Dichek DA, Stock PG, Baekkeskov S: Fas ligand expression in islets of Langerhans does not confer immune privilege and instead targets them for rapid destruction. Nat Med (1997) 3(7):738-743.
178. Machen J, Bertera S, Chang Y, Bottino R, Balamurugan AN, Robbins PD, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N: Prolongation of islet allograft survival following ex vivo transduction with adenovirus encoding a soluble type 1 TNF receptor-Ig fusion decoy. Gene Ther (2004) 11(20):1506-1514.
179. Zhang N, Richter A, Suriawinata J, Harbaran S, Altomonte J, Cong L, Zhang H, Song K, Meseck M, Bromberg J, Dong H: Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor production in islets improves islet graft vascularization. Diabetes (2004) 53(4):963-970.
180. Ali A, Garrovillo M, Jin MX, Hardy MA, Oluwole SF: Major histocompatibility complex class I peptide-pulsed host dendritic cells induce antigen-specific acquired thymic tolerance to islet cells. Transplantation (2000) 69(2):221-226.
181. Penna G, Giarratana N, Amuchastegui S, Mariani R, Daniel KC, Adorini L: Manipulating dendritic cells to induce regulatory T cells. Microbes Infect (2005) 7(7-8):1033-1039.
182. Feili-Hariri M, Dong X, Alber SM, Watkins SC, Salter RD, Morel PA: Immunotherapy of NOD mice with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Diabetes (1999) 48(12):2300-2308.
183. Bertry-Coussot L, Lucas B, Danel C, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L, Bach JF, Chatenoud L, Lemarchand P: Long-term reversal of established autoimmunity upon transient blockade of the LFA-1/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 pathway. J Immunol (2002) 168(7):3641-3648.
184. Georgiou HM, Brady JL, Silva A, Lew AM: Genetic modification of an islet tumor cell line inhibits its rejection. Transplant Proc (1997) 29(1-2):1032-1033.
185. Lew AM, Brady JL, Silva A, Coligan JE, Georgiou HM: Secretion of CTLA4Ig by an SV40 T antigen-transformed islet cell line inhibits graft rejection against the neoantigen. Transplantation (1996) 62(1):83-89.
186. Weber CJ, Hagler MK, Chryssochoos JT, Larsen CP, Pearson TC, Jensen P, Kapp JA, Linsley PS: CTLA4-Ig prolongs survival of microencapsulated rabbit islet xenografts in spontaneously diabetic Nod mice. Transplant Proc (1996) 28(2):821-823.
187. Brady JL, Lew AM: Additive efficacy of CTLA4Ig and OX40Ig secreted by genetically modified grafts. Transplantation (2000) 69(5):724-730.
188. Sutherland RM, Brady JL, Georgiou HM, Thomas HE, Lew AM: Protective effect of CTLA4Ig secreted by transgenic fetal pancreas allografts. Transplantation (2000) 69(9):1806-1812.
189. Goudy K, Song S, Wasserfall C, Zhang YC, Kapturczak M, Muir A, Powers M, Scott-Jorgensen M, Campbell-Thompson M, Crawford JM, Ellis TM et al: Adeno-associated virus vector-mediated IL-10 gene delivery prevents type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2001) 98(24):13913-13918.
190. Ko KS, Lee M, Koh JJ, Kim SW: Combined administration of plasmids encoding IL-4 and IL-10 prevents the development of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Mol Ther (2001) 4(4):313-316.
191. Koh JJ, Ko KS, Lee M, Han S, Park JS, Kim SW: Degradable polymeric carrier for the delivery of IL-10 plasmid DNA to prevent autoimmune insulitis of NOD mice. Gene Ther (2000) 7(24):2099-2104.
192. Zipris D, Karnieli E: A single treatment with IL-4 via retrovirally transduced lymphocytes partially protects against diabetes in BioBreeding (BB) rats. JOP (2002) 3(3):76-82.
193. Chang Y, Prud'homme GJ: Intramuscular administration of expression plasmids encoding interferon-γ receptor/IgG1 or IL-4 /IgG1 chimeric proteins protects from autoimmunity. J Gene Med (1999) 1(6):415-423.
194. Prud'homme W, Chang Y: Prevention of autoimmune diabetes by intramuscular gene therapy with a nonviral vector encoding an interferon-γ receptor/IgG1 fusion protein. Gene Ther (1999) 6(5):771-777.
195. Piccirillo CA, Chang Y, Prud'homme GJ: TGF-β1 somatic gene therapy prevents autoimmune disease in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol (1998) 161(8):3950-3956.
196. Balasa B, Boehm BO, Fortnagel A, Karges W, Van Gunst K, Jung N, Camacho SA, Webb SR, Sarvetnick N: Vaccination with glutamic acid decarboxylase plasmid DNA protects mice from spontaneous autoimmune diabetes and B7/CD28 costimulation circumvents that protection. Clin Immunol (2001) 99(2):241-252.
197. Efrat S, Serreze D, Svetlanov A, Post CM, Johnson EA, Herold K, Horwitz M: Adenovirus early region 3(E3) immunomodulatory genes decrease the incidence of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes (2001) 50(5):980-984.
198. Weiner HL, Friedman A, Miller A, Khoury SJ, al-Sabbagh A, Santos L, Sayegh M, Nussenblatt RB, Trentham DE, Hafler DA: Oral tolerance: Immunologic mechanisms and treatment of animal and human organ-specific autoimmune diseases by oral administration of autoantigens. Annu Rev Immunol (1994) 12:809-837.
199. Polanski M, Melican NS, Zhang J, Weiner HL: Oral administration of the immunodominant B-chain of insulin reduces diabetes in a co-transfer model of diabetes in the NOD mouse and is associated with a switch from Th1 to Th2 cytokines. J Autoimmun (1997) 10(4):339-346.
200. Bergerot I, Arreaza GA, Cameron MJ, Burdick MD, Strieter RM, Chensue SW, Chakrabarti S, Delovitch TL: Insulin B-chain reactive CD4+ regulatory T-cells induced by oral insulin treatment protect from type 1 diabetes by blocking the cytokine secretion and pancreatic infiltration of diabetogenic effector T-cells. Diabetes (1999) 48(9):1720-1729.
201. Prud'homme GJ, Chang Y, Li X: Immunoinhibitory DNA vaccine protects against autoimmune diabetes through cDNA encoding a selective CTLA-4 (CD152) ligand. Hum Gene Ther (2002) 13(3):395-406.