Disruption of protein-protein interactions: Towards new targets for chemotherapy

Journal of Cellular Physiology

Volumn 204, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 750-762

  Loregian, Arianna ^a   Palù, Giorgio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 METHOXYANTIMYCIN A3; ABCIXIMAB; AGGRESTAT; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ANTIMYCIN A3; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; CANDESARTAN; DACLIZUMAB; DNA POLYMERASE; EFALIZUMAB; EPTIFIBATIDE; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; IRBESARTAN; LOSARTAN POTASSIUM; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; N (2 HYDROXYETHYLAMINO) 3 NITRONAPHTHALIMIDE; N [5 NITRO 1H BENZ[DE]ISOQUINOLINE 1,3(2H) DIONE] 2 AMINOETHANOL; NATURAL PRODUCT; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; SAPRISARTAN; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; TASOSARTAN; TELMISARTAN; TSR 1265; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALSARTAN; ZOLASARTAN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ASTHMA; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG TARGETING; ENZYME SUBUNIT; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HYPERTENSION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NONHUMAN; PAIN; PRION DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PSORIASIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; THROMBOSIS; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; DRUG DESIGN; HUMANS; LIGANDS; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEINS;

EID: 23244448029     PISSN: 00219541     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20356     Document Type: Review

References (157)

1. Archakov AI, Govorun VM, Dubanov AV, Ivanov YD, Veselovsky AV, Lewi P, Janssen P. 2003. Protein-protein interactions as a target for drugs in proteomics. Proteomics 3(4):380-391.
2. Atabey N, Gao Y, Yao ZJ, Breckenridge D, Soon L, Soriano JV, Burke TR Jr, Bottaro DP. 2001. Potent blockade of hepatocyte growth factor-stimulated cell motility, matrix invasion and branching morphogenesis by antagonists of Grb2 Src homology 2 domain interactions. J Biol Chem 276(17):14308-14314.
3. Baba M, Nishimura O, Kanzaki N, Okamoto M, Sawada H, Iizawa Y, Shiraishi M, Aramaki Y, Okonogi K, Ogawa Y, Meguro K, Fujino M. 1999. A small-molecule, nonpeptide CCR5 antagonist with highly potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(10):5698-5703.
4. Babe LM, Rose J, Craik CS. 1992. Synthetic "interface" peptides alter dimeric assembly of the HIV 1 and 2 proteases. Protein Sci 1(10):1244-1253.
5. Berezov A, Chen J, Liu Q, Zhang HT, Greene MI, Murali R. 2002. Disabling receptor ensembles with rationally designed interface peptidomimetics. J Biol Chem 277(31):28330-28339.
6. Boger DL, Goldberg J, Silletti S, Kessler T, Cheresh DA. 2001. Identification of a novel class of small-molecule antiangiogenic agents through the screening of combinatorial libraries which function by inhibiting the binding and localization of proteinase MMP2 to integrin alpha(V)beta(3). J Am Chem Soc 123(7):1280-1288.
7. Bottger A, Bottger V, Garcia-Echeverria C, Chene P, Hochkeppel HK, Sampson W, Ang K, Howard SF, Picksley SM, Lane DP. 1997. Molecular characterization of the hdm2-p53 interaction. J Mol Biol 269(5):744-756.
8. Bouras A, Boggetto N, Benatalah Z, de Rosny E, Sicsic S, Reboud-Ravaux M. 1999. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of conformationally constrained tongs, new inhibitors of HIV-1 protease dimerization. J Med Chem 42(6):957-962.
9. Brandt CR, Spencer B, Imesch P, Garneau M, Deziel R. 1996. Evaluation of a peptidomimetic ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor with a murine model of herpes simplex virus type 1 ocular disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40(5):1078-1084.
10. Bridges KG, Chow CS, Coen DM. 2001. Identification of crucial hydrogen-bonding residues for the interaction of herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase subunits via peptide display, mutational, and calorimetric approaches. J Virol 75(11):4990-4998.
11. Carr DW, Hausken ZE, Eraser ID, Stofko-Hahn RE, Scott JD. 1992. Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a human thyroid RII-anchoring protein. Cloning and characterization of the RII-binding domain. J Biol Chem 267(19):13376-13382.
12. Chen S, Chrusciel RA, Nakanishi H, Raktabutr A, Johnson ME, Sato A, Weiner D, Hoxie J, Saragovi HU, Greene MI, et al. 1992. Design and synthesis of a CD4 beta-turn mimetic that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 binding and infection of human lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89(13):5872-5876.
13. Chen JC, Krucinski J, Miercke LJ, Finer-Moore JS, Tang AH, Leavitt AD, Stroud RM. 2000. Crystal structure of the HIV-1 integrase catalytic core and C-terminal domains: A model for viral DNA binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(15):8233-8238.
14. Chiosis G, Timaul MN, Lucas B, Munster PN, Zheng FF, Sepp-Lorenzino L, Rosen N. 2001. A small molecule designed to bind to the adenine nucleotide pocket of Hsp90 causes Her2 degradation and the growth arrest and differentiation of breast cancer cells. Chem Biol 8(3):289-299.
15. Chrunyk BA, Rosner MH, Cong Y, McColl AS, Otterness IG, Daumy GO. 2000. Inhibiting protein-protein interactions: A model for antagonist design. Biochemistry (Mosc) 39(24):7092-7099.
16. Cochran AG. 2000. Antagonists of protein-protein interactions. Chem Biol 7(4): R85-R94.
17. Cohen GH. 1972. Ribonucleotide reductase activity of synchronized KB cells infected with herpes simplex virus. J Virol 9(3):408-418.
18. Cohen FE, Prusiner SB. 1998. Pathologic conformations of prion proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 67:793-819.
19. Cohen EA, Gaudreau P, Brazeau P, Langelier Y. 1986. Specific inhibition of herpesvirus ribonucleotide reductase by a nonapeptide derived from the carboxy terminus of subunit 2. Nature 321(6068):441-443.
20. Cunningham BC, Wells JA. 1997. Minimized proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 7(4):457-462.
21. Degterev A, Lugovskoy A, Cardone M, Mulley B, Wagner G, Mitchison T, Yuan J. 2001. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of interaction between the BH3 domain and Bcl-xL. Nat Cell Biol 3(2):173-182.
22. DeLano WL, Ultsch MH, de Vos AM, Wells JA. 2000. Convergent solutions to binding at a protein-protein interface. Science 287(5456):1279-1283.
23. Diaz JL, Oltersdorf T, Horne W, McConnell M, Wilson G, Weeks S, Garcia T, Fritz LC. 1997. A common binding site mediates heterodimerization and homodimerization of Bcl-2 family members. J Biol Chem 272(17):11350-11355.
24. Digard P, Bebrin WR, Weisshart K, Coen DM. 1993a. The extreme C terminus of herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase is crucial for functional interaction with processivity factor UL42 and for viral replication. J Virol 67(1):398-406.
25. Digard P, Chow CS, Pirrit L, Coen DM. 1993b. Functional analysis of the herpes simplex virus UL42 protein. J Virol 67(3):1159-1168.
26. Digard P, Williams KP, Hensley P, Brooks IS, Dahl CE, Coen DM. 1995. Specific inhibition of herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase by helical peptides corresponding to the subunit interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92(5):1456-1460.
27. Divita G, Restle T, Goody RS, Chermann JC, Baillon JG. 1994. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase dimerization using synthetic peptides derived from the connection domain. J Biol Chem 269(18):13080-13083.
28. Domingues H, Cregut D, Sebald W, Oschkinat H, Serrano L. 1999. Rational design of a GCN4-derived mimetic of interleukin-4. Nat Struct Biol 6(7):652-656.
29. Dougall WC, Qian X, Peterson NC, Miller MJ, Samanta A, Greene MI. 1994. The neu-oncogene: Signal transduction pathways, transformation mechanisms, and evolving therapies. Oncogene 9(8):2109-2123.
30. Duan J, Liuzzi M, Paris W, Lambert M, Lawetz C, Moss N, Jaramillo J, Gauthier J, Deziel R, Cordingley MG. 1998. Antiviral activity of a selective ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor against acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42(7):1629-1635.
31. Duncan SJ, Gruschow S, Williams DH, McNicholas C, Purewal R, Hajek M, Gerlitz M, Martin S, Wrigley SK, Moore M. 2001. Isolation and structure elucidation of Chlorofusin, a novel p53-MDM2 antagonist from a Fusarium sp. J Am Chem Soc 123(4):554-560.
32. Duncan SJ, Cooper MA, Williams DH. 2003. Binding of an inhibitor of the p53/MDM2 interaction to MDM2. Chem Commun (Camb) 3:316-317.
33. Duncia JV, Carini DJ, Chiu AT, Johnson AL, Price WA, Wong PC, Wexler RR, Timmermans PB. 1992. The discovery of DuP 753, a potent, orally active nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Med Res Rev 12(2):149-191.
34. Dutia BM. 1983. Ribonucleotide reductase induced by herpes simplex virus has a virus-specified constituent. J Gen Virol 64(Pt 3):513-521.
35. Dutia BM, Frame MC, Subak-Sharpe JH, Clark WN, Marsden HS. 1986. Specific inhibition of herpesvirus ribonucleotide reductase by synthetic peptides. Nature 321(6068):439-441.
36. Eaton SR, Cody WL, Doherty AM, Holland DR, Panek RL, Lu GH, Dahring TK, Rose DR. 1998. Design of peptidomimetics that inhibit the association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with platelet-derived growth factor-beta receptor and possess cellular activity. J Med Chem 41(22):4329-4342.
37. Ertl PF, Powell KL. 1992. Physical and functional interaction of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase and its accessory protein (ICP36) expressed in insect cells. J Virol 66(7):4126-4133.
38. Ertl PF, Thomas MS, Powell KL. 1991. High level expression of DNA polymerases from herpesviruses. J Gen Virol 72(Pt 7):1729-1734.
39. Eubanks S, Nguyen TL, Peyton D, Breslow E. 2000. Modulation of dimerization, binding, stability, and folding by mutation of the neurophysin subunit interface. Biochemistry (Mosc) 39(27):8085-8094.
40. Fairbrother WJ, Christinger HW, Cochran AG, Fuh G, Keenan CJ, Quan C, Shriver SK, Tom JY, Wells JA, Cunningham BC. 1998. Novel peptides selected to bind vascular endothelial growth factor target the receptor-binding site. Biochemistry (Mosc) 37(51):17754-17764.
41. Fan X, Flentke GR, Rich DH. 1998. Inhibition of HIV-1 protease by a subunit of didemnaketal A. J Am Chem Soc 120:8893-8894.
42. Ferrer M, Harrison SC. 1999. Peptide ligands to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 identified from phage display libraries. J Virol 73(7):5795-5802.
43. Finch AM, Wong AK, Paczkowski NJ, Wadi SK, Craik DJ, Fairlie DP, Taylor SM. 1999. Low-molecular-weight peptidic and cyclic antagonists of the receptor for the complement factor C5a. J Med Chem 42(11):1965-1974.
44. Fretz H, Furet P, Garcia-Echeverria C, Schoepfer J, Rahuel J. 2000. Structure-based design of compounds inhibiting Grb2-SH2 mediated protein-protein interactions in signal transduction pathways. Curr Pharm Des 6(18):1777-1796.
45. Gadek TR, Nicholas JB. 2003. Small molecule antagonists of proteins. Biochem Pharmacol 65(1):1-8.
46. Gadek TR, Burdick DJ, McDowell RS, Stanley MS, Marsters JC Jr, Paris KJ, Oare DA. Reynolds ME, Ladner C, Zioncheck KA, Lee WP, Gribling P, Dennis MS, Skelton NJ, Tumas DB, Clark KR, Keating SM, Beresini MH, Tilley JW, Presta LG, Bodary SC. 2002. Generation of an LFA-1 antagonist by the transfer of the ICAM-1 immunoregulatory epitope to a small molecule. Science 295(5557):1086-1089.
47. Gallo ML, Dorsky DI, Crumpacker CS, Parris DS. 1989. The essential 65-kilodalton DNA-binding protein of herpes simplex virus stimulates the virus-encoded DNA polymerase. J Virol 63(12):5023-5029.
48. Gelderblom HR. 1991. Assembly and morphology of HIV: Potential effect of structure on viral function. AIDS 5(6):617-637.
49. Goldstein DJ, Weller SK. 1988. Factor(s) present in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells can compensate for the loss of the large subunit of the viral ribonucleotide reductase: Characterization of an ICP6 deletion mutant. Virology 166(1):41-51.
50. Gottlieb J, Marcy AI, Coen DM, Challberg MD. 1990. The herpes simplex virus type 1 UL42 gene product: A subunit of DNA polymerase that functions to increase processivity. J Virol 64(12):5976-5987.
51. Haggarty SJ, Mayer TU, Miyamoto DT, Fathi R, King RW, Mitchison TJ, Schreiber SL. 2000. Dissecting cellular processes using small molecules: Identification of colchicine-like, taxol-like, and other small molecules that perturb mitosis. Chem Biol 7(4):275-286.
52. Hamatake RK, Bifano M, Tenney DJ, Hurlburt WW, Cordingley MG. 1993. The herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase accessory protein, UL42, contains a functional protease-resistant domain. J Gen Virol 74(Pt 10):2181-2189.
53. Harbour JW, Worley L, Ma D, Cohen M. 2002. Transducible peptide therapy for uveal melanoma and retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol 120(10):1341-1346.
54. Hebert TE, Moffett S, Morello JP, Loisel TP, Bichet DG, Barret C, Bouvier M. 1996. A peptide derived from a beta2-adrenergic receptor transmembrane domain inhibits both receptor dimerization and activation. J Biol Chem 271(27):16384-16392.
55. Heldin CH. 1995. Dimerization of cell surface receptors in signal transduction. Cell 80(2):213-223.
56. Hillis GS, MacLeod AM. 1996. Integrins and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 91(6):639-650.
57. Hilpert K, Behlke J, Scholz C, Misselwitz R, Schneider-Mergener J, Hohne W. 1999. Interaction of the capsid protein p24 (HIV-1) with sequence-derived peptides: Influence on p24 dimerization. Virology 254(1):6-10.
58. Huang Z. 2000. Bcl-2 family proteins as targets for anticancer drug design. Oncogene 19(56):6627-6631.
59. Huang J, Schreiber SL. 1997. A yeast genetic system for selecting small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions in nanodroplets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(25):13396-13401.
60. Hynes NE, Stern DF. 1994. The biology of erbB-2/neu/HER-2 and its role in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1198(2-3):165-184.
61. Imai Y, Moralez A, Andag U, Clarke JB, Busby WH Jr., Clemmons DR. 2000. Substitutions for hydrophobic amino acids in the N-terminal domains of IGFBP-3 and -5 markedly reduce IGF-I binding and alter their biologic actions. J Biol Chem 275(24):18188-18194.
62. Jackson DY, Quan C, Artis DR, Rawson T, Blackburn B, Struble M, Fitzgerald G, Chan K, Mullins S, Burnier JP, Fairbrother WJ, Clark K, Berisini M, Chui H, Renz M, Jones S, Fong S. 1997. Potent alpha 4 beta 1 peptide antagonists as potential anti-inflammatory agents. J Med Chem 40(21):3359-3368.
63. Jaenicke R. 1991. Protein folding: Local structures, domains, subunits, and assemblies. Biochemistry (Mosc) 30(13):3147-3161.
64. Jordan VC, Jeng MH, Jiang SY, Yingling J, Stella AL. 1992. Hormonal strategies for breast cancer: A new focus on the estrogen receptor as a therapeutic target. Semin Oncol 19(3):299-307.
65. Jordan A, Hadfield JA, Lawrence NJ, McGown AT. 1998. Tubulin as a target for anticancer drugs: Agents, which interact with the mitotic spindle. Med Res Rev 18(4):259-296.
66. Keenan RM, Lago MA, Miller WH, Ali FE, Cousins RD, Hall LB, Hwang SM, Jakas DR, Kwon C, Louden C, Nguyen TT, Ohlstein EH, Rieman DJ, Ross ST, Samanen JM, Smith BR, Stadel J, Takata DT, Vickery L, Yuan CC, Yue TL. 1998. Discovery of an imidazopyridine-containing 1,4-benzodiazepine nonpeptide vitronectin receptor (alpha v beta 3) antagonist with efficacy in a restenosis model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 8(22):3171-3176.
67. Koch WJ, Inglese J, Stone WC, Lefkowitz RJ. 1993. The binding site for the beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins on the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase. J Biol Chem 268(11):8256-8260.
68. Kohlstaedt LA, Wang J, Friedman JM, Rice PA, Steitz TA. 1992. Crystal structure at 3.5 A resolution of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexed with an inhibitor. Science 256(5065):1783-1790.
69. Koltzscher M, Gerke V. 2000. Identification of hydrophobic amino acid residues involved in the formation of S100P homodimers in vivo. Biochemistry (Mosc) 39(31):9533-9539.
70. Korach KS. 1994. Insights from the study of animals lacking functional estrogen receptor. Science 266(5190):1524-1527.
71. Krupnick JG, Gurevich W, Schepers T, Hamm HE, Benovic JL. 1994. Arrestin-rhodopsin interaction. Multi-site binding delineated by peptide inhibition. J Biol Chem 269(5):3226-3232.
72. Levin RM, Weiss B. 1980. Inhibition by trifluoperazine of calmodulin-induced activation of ATPase activity of rat erythrocyte. Neuropharmacology 19(2):169-174.
73. Liu Z, Sun C, Olejniczak ET, Meadows RP, Betz SF, Oost T, Herrmann J, Wu JC, Fesik SW. 2000. Structural basis for binding of Smac/DIABLO to the XIAP BIR3 domain. Nature 408(6815):1004-1008.
74. Liuzzi M, Deziel R, Moss N, Beaulieu P, Bonneau AM, Bousquet C, Chafouleas JG, Garneau M, Jaramillo J, Krogsrud RL. 1994. A potent peptidomimetic inhibitor of HSV ribonucleotide reductase with antiviral activity in vivo. Nature 372(6507):695-698.
75. Lomax ME, Barnes DM, Hupp TR, Picksley SM, Camplejohn RS. 1998. Characterization of p53 oligomerization domain mutations isolated from Li-Fraumeni and Li-Fraumeni like family members. Oncogene 17(5):643-649.
76. Loregian A, Papini E, Satin B, Marsden HS, Hirst TR, Palu G. 1999. Intranuclear delivery of an antiviral peptide mediated by the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(9):5221-5226.
77. Loregian A, Marsden HS, Palu G. 2002. Protein-protein interactions as targets for antiviral chemotherapy. Rev Med Virol 12(4):239-262.
78. Loregian A, Rigatti R, Murphy M, Schievano E, Palu G, Marsden HS. 2003. Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase by C-terminal peptides from the UL54 subunit. J Virol 77(15):8336-8344.
79. Loregian A, Appleton BA, Hogle JM, Coen DM. 2004a. Residues of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase catalytic subunit UL54 that are necessary and sufficient for interaction with the accessory protein UL44. J Virol 78(1):158-167.
80. Loregian A, Appleton BA, Hogle JM, Coen DM. 2004b. Specific residues in the connector loop of the human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase accessory protein UL44 are crucial for interaction with the UL54 catalytic subunit. J Virol 78(17):9084-9092.
81. Lowman HB, Chen YM, Skelton NJ, Mortensen DL, Tomlinson EE, Sadick MD, Robinson IC, Clark RG. 1998. Molecular mimics of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) for inhibiting IGF-1: IGF-binding protein interactions. Biochemistry (Mosc) 37(25):8870-8878.
82. Marcello A, Loregian A, Cross A, Marsden H, Hirst TR, Palu G. 1994. Specific inhibition of herpes virus replication by receptor-mediated entry of an antiviral peptide linked to Escherichia coli enterotoxin B subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(19):8994-8998.
83. Marecki S, Kirkpatrick P. 2004. Efalizumab. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3:473-474.
84. Maroun RG, Krebs D, Roshani M, Porumb H, Auclair C, Troalen F, Fermandjian S. 1999. Conformational aspects of HIV-1 integrase inhibition by a peptide derived from the enzyme central domain and by antibodies raised against this peptide. Eur J Biochem 260(1):145-155.
85. Marsden HS, Murphy M, McVey GL, MacEachran KA, Owsianka AM, Stow ND. 1994. Role of the carboxy terminus of herpes simples virus type 1 DNA polymerase in its interaction with UL42. J Gen Virol 75(Pt 11):3127-3135.
86. Martin EL, Rens-Domiano S, Schatz PJ, Hamm HE. 1996. Potent peptide analogues of a G protein receptor-binding region obtained with a combinatorial library. J Biol Chem 271(1):361-366.
87. McClements W, Yamanaka G, Garsky V, Perry H, Bacchetti S, Colonno R, Stein RB. 1988. Oligopeptides inhibit the ribonucleotide reductase of herpes simplex virus by causing subunit separation. Virology 162(1):270-273.
88. McDowell RS, Gadek TR. 1992. Structural studies of potent constrained RGD peptides. J Am Chem Soc 114:9245-9253.
89. McDowell RS, Blackburn BK, Gadek TR, McGee LR, Rawson T, Reynolds ME, Robarge KD, Somers TC, Thorsett ED, Tischler M, Webb RR II, Venuti MC. 1994. From peptide to non-peptide. 2. The de novo design of potent, non-peptidal inhibitors of platelet aggregation based on a benzodiazepinedione scaffold. J Am Chem Soc 116:5077-5083.
90. McMillan K, Adler M, Auld DS, Baldwin JJ, Blasko E, Browne LJ, Chelsky D, Davey D, Dolle RE, Eagen KA, Erickson S, Feldman RI, Glaser CB, Mallari C, Morrissey MM, Ohlmeyer MH, Pan G, Parkinson JF, Phillips GB, Polokoff MA, Sigal NH, Vergona R, Whitlow M, Young TA, Devlin JJ. 2000. Allosteric inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase dimerization discovered via combinatorial chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(4):1506-1511.
91. Moore AF, Fulton RW. 1984. Angiotensin II antagonists-saralasin. Drug Dev Res 4:331-349.
92. Morris MC, Robert-Hebmann V, Chaloin L, Mery J, Heitz F, Devaux C, Goody RS, Divita G. 1999. A new potent HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. A synthetic peptide derived from the interface subunit domains. J Biol Chem 274(35):24941-24946.
93. Moss N, Deziel R, Adams J, Aubry N, Bailey M, Baillet M, Beaulieu P, DiMaio J, Duceppe JS, Ferland JM. 1993. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase by substituted tetrapeptide derivatives. J Med Chem 36(20):3005-3009.
94. Moss N, Beaulieu P, Duceppe JS, Ferland JM, Gauthier J, Ghiro E, Goulet S, Grenier L, Llinas-Brunet M, Plante R. 1995. Peptidomimetic inhibitors of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase: A new class of antiviral agents. J Med Chem 38(18):3617-3623.
95. Moss N, Beaulieu P, Duceppe JS, Ferland JM, Garneau M, Gauthier J, Ghiro E, Goulet S, Guse I, Jaramillo J, Llinas-Brunet M, Malenfant E, Plante R, Poirier M, Soucy F, Wernic D, Yoakim C, Deziel R. 1996a. Peptidomimetic inhibitors of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase with improved in vivo antiviral activity. J Med Chem 39(21):4173-4180.
96. Moss N, Beaulieu P, Duceppe JS, Ferland JM, Gauthier J, Ghiro E, Goulet S, Guse I, Llinas-Brunet M, Plante R, Plamondon L, Wernic D, Deziel R. 1996b. Ureido-based peptidomimetic inhibitor of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase: An investigation of inhibitor bioactive conformation. J Med Chem 39(11):2178-2187.
97. Nevalainen LT, Aoyama T, Ikura M, Crivici A, Yan H, Chua NH, Nairn AC. 1997. Characterization of novel calmodulin-binding peptides with distinct inhibitory effects on calmodulin-dependent enzymes. Biochem J 321(Pt 1):107-115.
98. Nordhoff A, Tziatzios C, van den Broek JA, Schott MK, Kalbitzer HR, Becker K, Schubert D, Schirmer RH. 1997. Denaturation and reactivation of dimeric human glutathione reductase-an assay for folding inhibitors. Eur J Biochem 245(2):273-282.
99. Ockey DA, Gadek TR. 2002. Inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Expert Opin Ther Pat 12:393-400.
100. Orner BP, Ernst JT, Hamilton AD. 2001. Toward proteomimetics: Terphenyl derivatives as structural and functional mimics of extended regions of an alpha-helix. J Am Chem Soc 123(22):5382-5383.
101. Owolabi JB, Rizkalla G, Tehim A, Ross GM, Riopelle RJ, Kamboj R, Ossipov M, Bian D, Wegert S, Porreca F, Lee DK. 1999. Characterization of antiallodynic actions of ALE-0540: A novel nerve growth factor receptor antagonist, in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289(3):1271-1276.
102. Paradis H, Gaudreau P, Brazeau P, Langelier Y. 1988. Mechanism of inhibition of herpes simplex virus (HSV) ribonucleotide reductase by a nonapeptide corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of its subunit 2. Specific binding of a photoaffinity analog, [4′-azido-Phe6] HSV H2-6(6-15), to subunit 1. J Biol Chem 263(31):16045-16050.
103. Pari GS, Anders DG. 1993. Eleven loci encoding trans-acting factors are required for transient complementation of human cytomegalovirus oriLyt-dependent DNA replication. J Virol 67(12):6979-6988.
104. Pari GS, Kacica MA, Anders DG. 1993. Open reading frames UL44, IRS1/TRS1, and UL36-38 are required for transient complementation of human cytomegalovirus oriLyt-dependent DNA synthesis. J Virol 67(5):2575-2582.
105. Pawson T, Scott JD. 1997. Signaling through scaffold, anchoring, and adaptor proteins. Science 278(5346):2075-2080.
106. Picksley SM, Vojtesek B, Sparks A, Lane DP. 1994. Immunochemical analysis of the interaction of p53 with MDM2-fine mapping of the MDM2 binding site on p53 using synthetic peptides. Oncogene 9(9):2523-2529.
107. Pilger BD, Cui C, Coen DM. 2004. Identification of a small molecule that inhibits herpes simplex virus DNA Polymerase subunit interactions and viral replication. Chem Biol 11(5):647-654.
108. Proudfoot JR, Betageri R, Cardozo M, Gilmore TA, Glynn S, Hickey ER, Jakes S, Kabcenell A, Kirrane TM, Tibolla AK, Lukas S, Patel UR, Sharma R, Yazdanian M, Moss N, Beaulieu PL, Cameron DR, Ferland JM, Gauthier J, Gillard J, Gorys V, Poirier M, Rancourt J, Wernic D, Llinas-Brunet M. 2001. Nonpeptidic, monocharged, cell permeable ligands for the p56lck SH2 domain. J Med Chem 44(15):2421-2431.
109. Rai SS, Wolff J. 1996. Localization of the vinblastine-binding site on beta-tubulin. J Biol Chem 271(25):14707-14711.
110. Ramadevi N, Rodriguez J, Roy P. 1998. A leucine zipper-like domain is essential for dimerization and encapsidation of bluetongue virus nucleocapsid protein VP4. J Virol 72(4):2983-2990.
111. Reed JC. 1995. Bcl-2: Prevention of apoptosis as a mechanism of drug resistance. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 9(2):451-473.
112. Ren Z, Cabell LA, Schaefer TS, McMurray JS. 2003. Identification of a high-affinity phosphopeptide inhibitor of Stat3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13(4):633-636.
113. Ripalti A, Boccuni MC, Campanini F, Landini MP. 1995. Cytomegalovirus-mediated induction of antisense mRNA expression to UL44 inhibits virus replication in an astrocytoma cell line: Identification of an essential gene. J Virol 69(4):2047-2057.
114. Ron D, Mochly-Rosen D. 1994. Agonists and antagonists of protein kinase C function, derived from its binding proteins. J Biol Chem 269(34):21395-21398.
115. Sarabu R, Cooper JP, Cook CM, Gillespie P, Perrotta AV, Olson GL. 1997. Design and synthesis of small molecule interleukin-1 receptor antagonists based on a benzene template. Drug Des Discov 15(3):191-198.
116. Sattler M, Liang H, Nettesheim D, Meadows RP, Harlan JE, Eberstadt M, Yoon HS, Shuker SB, Chang BS, Minn AJ, Thompson CB, Fesik SW. 1997. Structure of Bcl-xL-Bak peptide complex: Recognition between regulators of apoptosis. Science 275(5302):983-986.
117. Selkoe DJ. 1998. The cell biology of beta-amyloid precursor protein and presenilin in Alzheimer's disease. Trends Cell Biol 8(11):447-453.
118. Sengchanthalangsy LL, Datta S, Huang DB, Anderson E, Braswell EH, Ghosh G. 1999. Characterization of the dimer interface of transcription factor NFkappaB p50 homodimer. J Mol Biol 289(4):1029-1040.
119. Shi Y. 2001. A structural view of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Nat Struct Biol 8(5):394-401.
120. Silletti S, Kessler T, Goldberg J, Boger DL, Cheresh DA. 2001. Disruption of matrix metalloproteinase 2 binding to integrin alpha vbeta 3 by an organic molecule inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(1):119-124.
121. Singh SK, Maithal K, Balaram H, Balaram P. 2001. Synthetic peptides as inactivators of multimeric enzymes: Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum triosephosphate isomerase by interface peptides. FEBS Lett 501(1):19-23.
122. Sircar I, Gudmundsson KS, Martin R, Liang J, Nomura S, Jayakumar H, Teegarden BR, Nowlin DM, Cardarelli PM, Mah JR, Connell S, Griffith RC, Lazarides E. 2002. Synthesis and SAR of N-benzoyl-L-biphenylalanine derivatives: Discovery of TR-14035, a dual alpha(4)beta(7)/alpha(4)beta(1) integrin antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 10(6):2051-2066.
123. Skiba NP, Artemyev NO, Hamm HE. 1995. The carboxyl terminus of the gamma-subunit of rod cGMP phosphodiesterase contains distinct sites of interaction with the enzyme catalytic subunits and the alpha-subunit of transducin. J Biol Chem 270(22):13210-13215.
124. Song M, Rajesh S, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y. 2001. Design and synthesis of new inhibitors of HIV-1 protease dimerization with conformationally constrained templates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 11(18):2465-2468.
125. Sourgen F, Maroun RG, Frere V, Bouziane M, Auclair C, Troalen F, Fermandjian S. 1996. A synthetic peptide from the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase exhibits coiled-coil properties and interferes with the in vitro integration activity of the enzyme. Correlated biochemical and spectroscopic results. Eur J Biochem 240(3):765-773.
126. Soussi T, Dehouche K, Beroud C. 2000. p53 website and analysis of p53 gene mutations in human cancer: Forging a link between epidemiology and carcinogenesis. Hum Mutat 15(1):105-113.
127. Stenberg G, Abdalla AM, Mannervik B. 2000. Tyrosine 50 at the subunit interface of dimeric human glutathione transferase P1-1 is a structural key residue for modulating protein stability and catalytic function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 271(1):59-63.
128. Stoll R, Renner C, Hansen S, Palme S, Klein C, Belling A, Zeslawski W, Kamionka M, Rehm T, Muhlhahn P, Schumacher R, Hesse F, Kaluza B, Voelter W, Engh RA, Holak TA. 2001. Chalcone derivatives antagonize interactions between the human oncoprotein MDM2 and p53. Biochemistry (Mosc) 40(2):336-344.
129. Stow ND. 1993. Sequences at the C-terminus of the herpes simplex virus type 1 UL30 protein are dispensable for DNA polymerase activity but not for viral origin-dependent DNA replication. Nucleic Acids Res 21(1):87-92.
130. Strachan AJ, Woodruff TM, Haaima G, Fairlie DP, Taylor SM. 2000. A new small molecule C5a receptor antagonist inhibits the reverse-passive Arthus reaction and endotoxic shock in rats. J Immunol 164(12):6560-6565.
131. Strasser A, O'Connor L, Dixit VM. 2000. Apoptosis signaling. Annu Rev Biochem 69:217-245.
132. Stubbe J. 1990. Ribonucleotide reductases: Amazing and confusing. J Biol Chem 265(10):5329-5332.
133. Tamm I, Kornblau SM, Segall H, Krajewski S, Welsh K, Kitada S, Scudiero DA, Tudor G, Qui YH, Monks A, Andreeff M, Reed JC. 2000. Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res 6(5):1796-1803.
134. Tenney DJ, Micheletti PA, Stevens JT, Hamatake RK, Matthews JT, Sanchez AR, Hurlburt WW, Bifano M, Cordingley MG. 1993. Mutations in the C terminus of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase can affect binding and stimulation by its accessory protein UL42 without affecting basal polymerase activity. J Virol 67(1):543-547.
135. Thomas MC, Ballantine SP, Bethell SS, Bains S, Kellam P, Delves CJ. 1998. Single amino acid substitutions disrupt tetramer formation in the dihydroneopterin aldolase enzyme of Pneumocystis carinii. Biochemistry (Mosc) 37(33):11629-11636.
136. Tilley JW, Chen L, Fry DC, Emerson SD, Powers GD, Biondi D, Varnell T, Trilles R, Guthrie R, Mennona F, Kaplan G, LeMahieu RA, Carson M, Han R-J, Liu C-M, Palermo R, Ju G. 1997. Identification of a small molecule inhibitor of the IL-2/IL-2Ra receptor interaction which binds to IL-2. J Am Chem Soc 119:7589-7590.
137. Timmermans PB. 1999. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: An emerging new class of cardiovascular therapeutics. Hypertens Res 22(2):147-153.
138. Toogood PL. 2002. Inhibition of protein-protein association by small molecules: Approaches and progress. J Med Chem 45(8):1543-1558.
139. Tzung SP, Kim KM, Basanez G, Giedt CD, Simon J, Zimmerberg J, Zhang KY, Hockenbery DM. 2001. Antimycin A mimics a cell-death-inducing Bcl-2 homology domain 3. Nat Cell Biol 3(2):183-191.
140. Uckun FM, Sudbeck EA, Mao C, Ghosh S, Liu XP, Vassilev AO, Navara CS, Narla RK. 2001. Structure-based design of novel anticancer agents. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 1(1):59-71.
141. Ulysse LG, Chmielewski J. 1998. Restricting the flexibility of crosslinked, interfacial peptide inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 8(22):3281-3286.
142. Usui T, Kondoh M, Cui CB, Mayumi T, Osada H. 1998. Tryprostatin A: A specific and novel inhibitor of microtubule assembly. Biochem J 333(Pt 3):543-548.
143. Vorchheimer DA, Badimon JJ, Fuster V. 1999. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists in cardiovascular disease. JAMA 281(15):1407-1414.
144. Vousden KH, Lu X. 2002. Live or let die: The cell's response to p53. Nat Rev Cancer 2(8):594-604.
145. Wang JL, Liu D, Zhang ZJ, Shan S, Han X, Srinivasula SM, Croce CM, Alnemri ES, Huang Z. 2000. Structure-based discovery of an organic compound that binds Bcl-2 protein and induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(13):7124-7129.
146. Wange RL, Isakov N, Burke TR Jr, Otaka A, Roller PP, Watts JD, Aebersold R, Samelson LE. 1995. F2(Pmp)2-TAM zeta 3, a novel competitive inhibitor of the binding of ZAP-70 to the T cell antigen receptor, blocks early T cell signaling. J Biol Chem 270(2):944-948.
147. Wiesmann C, Christinger HW, Cochran AG, Cunningham BC, Fairbrother WJ, Keenan CJ, Meng G, de Vos AM. 1998. Crystal structure of the complex between VEGF and a receptor-blocking peptide. Biochemistry (Mosc) 37(51):17765-17772.
148. Wlodawer A, Miller M, Jaskolski M, Sathyanarayana BK, Baldwin E, Weber IT, Selk LM, Clawson L, Schneider J, Kent SB. 1989. Conserved folding in retroviral proteases: Crystal structure of a synthetic HIV-1 protease. Science 245(4918):616-621.
149. Wolin R, Connolly M, Afonso A, Hey JA, She H, Rivelli MA, Willams SM, West RE Jr. 1998. Novel H3 receptor antagonists. Sulfonamide homologs of histamine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 8(16):2157-2162.
150. Wong PC, Chiu AT, Price WA, Thoolen MJ, Carini DJ, Johnson AL, Taber RI, Timmermans PB. 1988. Nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. I. Pharmacological characterization of 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-(2-chlorobenzyl) imidazole-5-acetic acid, sodium salt (S-8307). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 247(1):1-7.
151. Wu X, Bayle JH, Olson D, Levine AJ. 1993. The p53-mdm-2 autoregulatory feedback loop. Genes Dev 7(7A):1126-1132.
152. Yanofsky SD, Baldwin DN, Butler JH, Holden FR, Jacobs JW, Balasubramanian P, Chinn JP, Cwirla SE, Peters-Bhatt E, Whitehorn EA, Tate EH, Akeson A, Bowlin TL, Dower WJ, Barrett RW. 1996. High affinity type I interleukin 1 receptor antagonists discovered by screening recombinant peptide libraries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93(14):7381-7386.
153. Young K, Lin S, Sun L, Lee E, Modi M, Hellings S, Husbands M, Ozenberger B, Franco R. 1998. Identification of a calcium channel modulator using a high throughput yeast two-hybrid screen. Nat Biotechnol 16(10):946-950.
154. Yudt MR, Koide S. 2001. Preventing estrogen receptor action with dimer-interface peptides. Steroids 66(7):549-558.
155. Zhang ZY, Poorman RA, Maggiora LL, Heinrikson RL, Kezdy FJ. 1991. Dissociative inhibition of dimeric enzymes. Kinetic characterization of the inhibition of HIV-1 protease by its COOH-terminal tetrapeptide. J Biol Chem 266(24):15591-15594.
156. Zuccola HJ, Filman DJ, Coen DM, Hogle JM. 2000. The crystal structure of an unusual processivity factor, herpes simplex virus UL42, bound to the C terminus of its cognate polymerase. Mol Cell 5(2):267-278.
157. Zutshi R, Brickner M, Chmielewski J. 1998. Inhibiting the assembly of protein-protein interfaces. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2(1):62-66.