메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 111, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 3-22

Update on glucocorticoid action and resistance

Author keywords

Asthma; Glucocorticoid; Steroid resistant asthma; T cells

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CLARITHROMYCIN; CYCLOSPORIN; CYTOKINE; CYTOKINE ANTIBODY; CYTOKINE ATAGONIST; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE PLUS SALMETEROL; GLUCOCORTICOID; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR BETA; GOLD; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; METHOTREXATE; PREDNISOLONE; STEROID; THEOPHYLLINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0037248247     PISSN: 00916749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.97     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (375)

References (172)
  • 1
    • 0035092548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IgE regulation and roles in asthma pathogenesis
    • Oettgen HC, Geha RS. IgE regulation and roles in asthma pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:429-40.
    • (2001) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.107 , pp. 429-440
    • Oettgen, H.C.1    Geha, R.S.2
  • 2
    • 0035141618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-12/IL-13 axis in allergic asthma
    • Wills-Karp M. IL-12/IL-13 axis in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:9-18.
    • (2001) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.107 , pp. 9-18
    • Wills-Karp, M.1
  • 4
    • 0036857539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma guidelines: A changing paradigm to improve asthma care
    • Busse WW, Taggart V, Lemanske RF. Asthma guidelines: a changing paradigm to improve asthma care. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110:703-5.
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.110 , pp. 703-705
    • Busse, W.W.1    Taggart, V.2    Lemanske, R.F.3
  • 5
    • 0034912387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids in the treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis
    • Scadding GK. Corticosteroids in the treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108:S59-64.
    • (2001) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.108
    • Scadding, G.K.1
  • 6
    • 0024671996 scopus 로고
    • The glucocorticoid receptor gene is in 5q31-q32
    • published correction appears in Genomics 1989;5:388
    • Francke U, Foellmer BE. The glucocorticoid receptor gene is in 5q31-q32 [published correction appears in Genomics. 1989;5:388]. Genomics 1989;4:610-2.
    • (1989) Genomics , vol.4 , pp. 610-612
    • Francke, U.1    Foellmer, B.E.2
  • 7
    • 0025895395 scopus 로고
    • The genomic structure of the human glucocorticoid receptor
    • Encio IJ, Detera-Wadleigh SD. The genomic structure of the human glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 1991;266:7182-8.
    • (1991) J Biol Chem , vol.266 , pp. 7182-7188
    • Encio, I.J.1    Detera-Wadleigh, S.D.2
  • 8
    • 0034909433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple promoters-exist in the human GR gene, one of which is activated by glucocorticoids
    • Breslin MB, Geng CD, Vedeckis WV. Multiple promoters-exist in the human GR gene, one of which is activated by glucocorticoids. Mol Endocrinol 2001;15:1381-95.
    • (2001) Mol Endocrinol , vol.15 , pp. 1381-1395
    • Breslin, M.B.1    Geng, C.D.2    Vedeckis, W.V.3
  • 9
    • 0029056558 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor beta, a potential endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action in humans
    • Bamberger CM, Bamberger AM, de Castro M, Chrousos GP. Glucocorticoid receptor beta, a potential endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action in humans. J Clin Invest 1995;95:2435-41.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 2435-2441
    • Bamberger, C.M.1    Bamberger, A.M.2    De Castro, M.3    Chrousos, G.P.4
  • 10
    • 0030774245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and subcellular distribution of the beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor
    • Oakley RH, Webster JC, Sar M, Parker CR Jr, Cidlowski JA. Expression and subcellular distribution of the beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor. Endocrinology 1997;138:5028-38.
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 5028-5038
    • Oakley, R.H.1    Webster, J.C.2    Sar, M.3    Parker C.R., Jr.4    Cidlowski, J.A.5
  • 11
    • 0029993518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Expression, biochemical properties, and putative function
    • Oakley RH, Sar M, Cidlowski JA. The human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Expression, biochemical properties, and putative function. J Biol Chem 1996;271:9550-9.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 9550-9559
    • Oakley, R.H.1    Sar, M.2    Cidlowski, J.A.3
  • 12
    • 0029807036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The non-ligand binding beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR beta): Tissue levels, mechanism of action, and potential physiologic role
    • de Castro M, Elliot S, Kino T, Bamberger C, Karl M, Webster E, et al. The non-ligand binding beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR beta): tissue levels, mechanism of action, and potential physiologic role. Mol Med 1996;2:597-607.
    • (1996) Mol Med , vol.2 , pp. 597-607
    • De Castro, M.1    Elliot, S.2    Kino, T.3    Bamberger, C.4    Karl, M.5    Webster, E.6
  • 13
    • 0012794221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action
    • Szefler SJ, Leung DYM, editors. New York: Marcel Dekker
    • Bloom JW, Miesfeld RL. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action. In: Szefler SJ, Leung DYM, editors. Severe asthma: pathogenesis and clinical management. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1996. p. 255.
    • (1996) Severe Asthma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Management , pp. 255
    • Bloom, J.W.1    Miesfeld, R.L.2
  • 14
    • 18444405534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain reveals a novel mode of receptor dimerization and coactivator recognition
    • Bledsoe RK, Montana VG, Stanley TB, Delves CJ, Apolito CJ, McKee DD, et al. Crystal structure of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain reveals a novel mode of receptor dimerization and coactivator recognition. Cell 2002;110:93-105.
    • (2002) Cell , vol.110 , pp. 93-105
    • Bledsoe, R.K.1    Montana, V.G.2    Stanley, T.B.3    Delves, C.J.4    Apolito, C.J.5    McKee, D.D.6
  • 15
    • 0032929622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination between NL1- and NL2-mediated nuclear localization of the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Savory JG, Hsu B, Laquian IR, Giffin W, Reich T, Hache RJ, et al. Discrimination between NL1- and NL2-mediated nuclear localization of the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Cell Biol 1999;19:1025-37.
    • (1999) Mol Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 1025-1037
    • Savory, J.G.1    Hsu, B.2    Laquian, I.R.3    Giffin, W.4    Reich, T.5    Hache, R.J.6
  • 16
    • 0033555947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of steroid-free glucocorticoid receptor
    • Hache RJ, Tse R, Reich T, Savory JG, Lefebvre YA. Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of steroid-free glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 1999;274:1432-9.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 1432-1439
    • Hache, R.J.1    Tse, R.2    Reich, T.3    Savory, J.G.4    Lefebvre, Y.A.5
  • 17
    • 0031835267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-activators and co-repressors in the integration of transcriptional responses
    • Torchia J, Glass C, Rosenfeld MG. Co-activators and co-repressors in the integration of transcriptional responses. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1998;10:373-83.
    • (1998) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.10 , pp. 373-383
    • Torchia, J.1    Glass, C.2    Rosenfeld, M.G.3
  • 19
    • 0026685062 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the steroid receptor zinc finger region
    • Freedman LP. Anatomy of the steroid receptor zinc finger region. Endocr Rev 1992;13:129-45.
    • (1992) Endocr Rev , vol.13 , pp. 129-145
    • Freedman, L.P.1
  • 20
    • 0023794190 scopus 로고
    • Multiple and cooperative trans-activation domains of the human glucocorticoid receptor
    • Hollenberg SM, Evans RM. Multiple and cooperative trans-activation domains of the human glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 1988;55:899-906.
    • (1988) Cell , vol.55 , pp. 899-906
    • Hollenberg, S.M.1    Evans, R.M.2
  • 21
    • 0030771214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the transcription factor IID protein complex in gene activation by the N-terminal transactivation domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in vitro
    • Ford J, McEwan IJ, Wright AP, Gustafsson JA. Involvement of the transcription factor IID protein complex in gene activation by the N-terminal transactivation domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in vitro. Mol Endocrinol 1997;11:1467-75.
    • (1997) Mol Endocrinol , vol.11 , pp. 1467-1475
    • Ford, J.1    McEwan, I.J.2    Wright, A.P.3    Gustafsson, J.A.4
  • 22
    • 0036226710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue-specific glucocorticoid resistance-hypersensitivity syndromes: Multifactorial states of clinical importance
    • Kino T, Chrousos GP. Tissue-specific glucocorticoid resistance-hypersensitivity syndromes: multifactorial states of clinical importance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:609-13.
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.109 , pp. 609-613
    • Kino, T.1    Chrousos, G.P.2
  • 23
    • 0031054799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three amino acid substitutions selectively disrupt the activation but not the repression function of the glucocorticoid receptor N terminus
    • Iniguez-Lluhi JA, Lou DY, Yamamoto KR. Three amino acid substitutions selectively disrupt the activation but not the repression function of the glucocorticoid receptor N terminus. J Biol Chem 1997;272:4149-56.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 4149-4156
    • Iniguez-Lluhi, J.A.1    Lou, D.Y.2    Yamamoto, K.R.3
  • 24
    • 0034463399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular chaperone interactions with steroid receptors: An update
    • Cheung J, Smith DF. Molecular chaperone interactions with steroid receptors: an update. Mol Endocrinol 2000;14:939-46.
    • (2000) Mol Endocrinol , vol.14 , pp. 939-946
    • Cheung, J.1    Smith, D.F.2
  • 25
    • 0036531897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coactivators in transcription initiation: Here are your orders
    • Featherstone M. Coactivators in transcription initiation: here are your orders. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2002;12:149-55.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.12 , pp. 149-155
    • Featherstone, M.1
  • 26
    • 0034916613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p300/CBP proteins: HATs for transcriptional bridges and scaffolds
    • Chan HM, La Thangue NB. p300/CBP proteins: HATs for transcriptional bridges and scaffolds. J Cell Sci 2001;114:2363-73.
    • (2001) J Cell Sci , vol.114 , pp. 2363-2373
    • Chan, H.M.1    La Thangue, N.B.2
  • 27
    • 0032566365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coactivators and corepressors as mediators of nuclear receptor function: An update
    • Jenster G. Coactivators and corepressors as mediators of nuclear receptor function: an update. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1998;143:1-7.
    • (1998) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.143 , pp. 1-7
    • Jenster, G.1
  • 28
    • 0028846193 scopus 로고
    • Sequence and characterization of a coactivator for the steroid hormone receptor superfamily
    • Onate SA, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW. Sequence and characterization of a coactivator for the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science 1995;270:1354-7.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1354-1357
    • Onate, S.A.1    Tsai, S.Y.2    Tsai, M.J.3    O'Malley, B.W.4
  • 29
    • 0029841744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A possible involvement of TIFI alpha and TIFI beta in the epigenetic control of transcription by nuclear receptors
    • Le Douarin B, Nielsen AL, Garnier JM, Ichinose H, Jeanmougin F, Losson R, et al. A possible involvement of TIFI alpha and TIFI beta in the epigenetic control of transcription by nuclear receptors. EMBO J 1996;15:6701-15.
    • (1996) EMBO J , vol.15 , pp. 6701-6715
    • Le Douarin, B.1    Nielsen, A.L.2    Garnier, J.M.3    Ichinose, H.4    Jeanmougin, F.5    Losson, R.6
  • 30
    • 0033525084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An additional region of coactivator GRIP1 required for interaction with the hormone-binding domains of a subset of nuclear receptors
    • Hong H, Darimont BD, Ma H, Yang L, Yamamoto KR, Stallcup MR. An additional region of coactivator GRIP1 required for interaction with the hormone-binding domains of a subset of nuclear receptors. J Biol Chem 1999;274:3496-502.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 3496-3502
    • Hong, H.1    Darimont, B.D.2    Ma, H.3    Yang, L.4    Yamamoto, K.R.5    Stallcup, M.R.6
  • 31
    • 0030949836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRIP1, a transcriptional coactivator for the AF-2 transactivation domain of steroid, thyroid, retinoid, and vitamin D receptors
    • Hong H, Kohli K, Garabedian MJ, Stallcup MR. GRIP1, a transcriptional coactivator for the AF-2 transactivation domain of steroid, thyroid, retinoid, and vitamin D receptors. Mol Cell Biol 1997;17:2735-44.
    • (1997) Mol Cell Biol , vol.17 , pp. 2735-2744
    • Hong, H.1    Kohli, K.2    Garabedian, M.J.3    Stallcup, M.R.4
  • 32
    • 0032030770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms
    • Struhl K. Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Genes Dev 1998;12:599-606.
    • (1998) Genes Dev , vol.12 , pp. 599-606
    • Struhl, K.1
  • 33
    • 78651162036 scopus 로고
    • Acetylation and methylation of histones and their possible role in the regulation of RNA synthesis
    • Allfrey V, Faulkner RM, Mirsky AE. Acetylation and methylation of histones and their possible role in the regulation of RNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1964;51:786-94.
    • (1964) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.51 , pp. 786-794
    • Allfrey, V.1    Faulkner, R.M.2    Mirsky, A.E.3
  • 34
    • 0033529565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-five years of the nucleosome, fundamental particle of the eukaryote chromosome
    • Kornberg RD, Lorch Y. Twenty-five years of the nucleosome, fundamental particle of the eukaryote chromosome. Cell 1999;98:285-94.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.98 , pp. 285-294
    • Kornberg, R.D.1    Lorch, Y.2
  • 35
    • 0032503940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TAFs in the HAT
    • Struhl K, Moqtaderi Z. The TAFs in the HAT. Cell 1998;94:1-4.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.94 , pp. 1-4
    • Struhl, K.1    Moqtaderi, Z.2
  • 36
    • 0033601074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "dark side" of chromatin remodeling: Repressive effects on transcription
    • Tyler JK, Kadonaga JT. The "dark side" of chromatin remodeling: repressive effects on transcription. Cell 1999;99:443-6.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.99 , pp. 443-446
    • Tyler, J.K.1    Kadonaga, J.T.2
  • 37
    • 0032802383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin-based regulatory mechanisms governing cytokine gene transcription
    • Agarwal S, Viola JP, Rao A. Chromatin-based regulatory mechanisms governing cytokine gene transcription. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:990-9.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 990-999
    • Agarwal, S.1    Viola, J.P.2    Rao, A.3
  • 38
    • 0033821409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor recruitment of histone deacetylase 2 inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced histone H4 acetylation on lysines 8 and 12
    • Ito K, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. Glucocorticoid receptor recruitment of histone deacetylase 2 inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced histone H4 acetylation on lysines 8 and 12. Mol Cell Biol 2000;20:6891-903.
    • (2000) Mol Cell Biol , vol.20 , pp. 6891-6903
    • Ito, K.1    Barnes, P.J.2    Adcock, I.M.3
  • 41
    • 0032492846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin remodelling by the glucocorticoid receptor requires the BRG1 complex
    • Fryer CJ, Archer TK. Chromatin remodelling by the glucocorticoid receptor requires the BRG1 complex. Nature 1998;393:88-91.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 88-91
    • Fryer, C.J.1    Archer, T.K.2
  • 42
    • 0343415609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glucocorticoid receptor: Rapid exchange with regulatory sites in living cells
    • McNally JG, Muller WG, Walker D, Wolford R, Hager GL. The glucocorticoid receptor: rapid exchange with regulatory sites in living cells. Science 2000;287:1262-5.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 1262-1265
    • McNally, J.G.1    Muller, W.G.2    Walker, D.3    Wolford, R.4    Hager, G.L.5
  • 43
    • 0037150683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disassembly of transcriptional regulatory complexes by molecular chaperones
    • Freeman BC, Yamamoto KR. Disassembly of transcriptional regulatory complexes by molecular chaperones. Science 2002;296:2232-5.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 2232-2235
    • Freeman, B.C.1    Yamamoto, K.R.2
  • 44
  • 45
    • 85047684372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Navigating steroid hormone receptors through the nuclear compartment
    • DeFranco DB. Navigating steroid hormone receptors through the nuclear compartment. Mol Endocrinol 2002;16:1449-55.
    • (2002) Mol Endocrinol , vol.16 , pp. 1449-1455
    • DeFranco, D.B.1
  • 46
    • 0031899361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Stat5a and Stat5b homodimers and heterodimers and their association with the glucocortiocoid receptor in mammary cells
    • Cella N, Groner B, Hynes NE. Characterization of Stat5a and Stat5b homodimers and heterodimers and their association with the glucocortiocoid receptor in mammary cells. Mol Cell Biol 1998;18:1783-92.
    • (1998) Mol Cell Biol , vol.18 , pp. 1783-1792
    • Cella, N.1    Groner, B.2    Hynes, N.E.3
  • 47
    • 0035048133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression level-dependent contribution of glucocorticoid receptor domains for functional interaction with STAT5
    • Doppler W, Windegger M, Soratroi C, Tomasi J, Lechner J, Rusconi S, et al. Expression level-dependent contribution of glucocorticoid receptor domains for functional interaction with STAT5. Mol Cell Biol 2001;21:3266-79.
    • (2001) Mol Cell Biol , vol.21 , pp. 3266-3279
    • Doppler, W.1    Windegger, M.2    Soratroi, C.3    Tomasi, J.4    Lechner, J.5    Rusconi, S.6
  • 48
    • 0032230282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p300/CREB-binding protein enhances the prolactin-mediated transcriptional induction through direct interaction with the transactivation domain of Stat5, but does not participate in the Stat5-mediated suppression of the glucocorticoid response
    • Pfitzner E, Jahne R, Wissler M, Stoecklin E, Groner B. p300/CREB-binding protein enhances the prolactin-mediated transcriptional induction through direct interaction with the transactivation domain of Stat5, but does not participate in the Stat5-mediated suppression of the glucocorticoid response. Mol Endocrinol 1998;12:1582-93.
    • (1998) Mol Endocrinol , vol.12 , pp. 1582-1593
    • Pfitzner, E.1    Jahne, R.2    Wissler, M.3    Stoecklin, E.4    Groner, B.5
  • 49
    • 0030667790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STAT3 acts as a co-activator of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
    • Zhang Z, Jones S, Hagood JS, Fuentes NL, Fuller GM. STAT3 acts as a co-activator of glucocorticoid receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 1997;272:30607-10.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 30607-30610
    • Zhang, Z.1    Jones, S.2    Hagood, J.S.3    Fuentes, N.L.4    Fuller, G.M.5
  • 50
    • 0039108033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective binding of steroid hormone receptors to octamer transcription factors determines transcriptional synergism at the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter
    • Prefontaine GG, Walther R, Giffin W, Lemieux ME, Pope L, Hache RJ. Selective binding of steroid hormone receptors to octamer transcription factors determines transcriptional synergism at the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. J Biol Chem 1999;274:26713-9.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 26713-26719
    • Prefontaine, G.G.1    Walther, R.2    Giffin, W.3    Lemieux, M.E.4    Pope, L.5    Hache, R.J.6
  • 51
    • 0031939946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha transcription factor in the glucocorticoid stimulation of p2lwafl/cipl gene promoter activity in growth-arrested rat hepatoma cells
    • Cram EJ, Ramos RA, Wang EC, Cha HH, Nishio Y, Firestone GL. Role of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha transcription factor in the glucocorticoid stimulation of p2lwafl/cipl gene promoter activity in growth-arrested rat hepatoma cells. J Biol Chem 1998;273:2008-14.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 2008-2014
    • Cram, E.J.1    Ramos, R.A.2    Wang, E.C.3    Cha, H.H.4    Nishio, Y.5    Firestone, G.L.6
  • 52
    • 0242721568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical interaction and functional synergy between glucocorticoid receptor and Ets2 proteins for transcription activation of the rat cytochrome P-450c27 promoter
    • Mullick J, Anandatheerthavarada HK, Amuthan G, Bhagwat SV, Biswas G, Camasamudram V, et al. Physical interaction and functional synergy between glucocorticoid receptor and Ets2 proteins for transcription activation of the rat cytochrome P-450c27 promoter. J Biol Chem 2001;276:18007-17.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 18007-18017
    • Mullick, J.1    Anandatheerthavarada, H.K.2    Amuthan, G.3    Bhagwat, S.V.4    Biswas, G.5    Camasamudram, V.6
  • 54
    • 0037135596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deciphering the phosphorylation "code" of the glucocorticoid receptor in vivo
    • Wang Z, Frederick J, Garabedian MJ. Deciphering the phosphorylation "code" of the glucocorticoid receptor in vivo. J Biol Chem 2002;277:26573-80.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 26573-26580
    • Wang, Z.1    Frederick, J.2    Garabedian, M.J.3
  • 55
    • 0030998260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-activated and cyclin-dependent protein kinases selectively and differentially modulate transcriptional enhancement by the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Krstic MD, Rogatsky I, Yamamoto KR, Garabedian MJ. Mitogen-activated and cyclin-dependent protein kinases selectively and differentially modulate transcriptional enhancement by the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Cell Biol 1997;17:3947-54.
    • (1997) Mol Cell Biol , vol.17 , pp. 3947-3954
    • Krstic, M.D.1    Rogatsky, I.2    Yamamoto, K.R.3    Garabedian, M.J.4
  • 56
    • 0032478254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase
    • Rogatsky I, Logan SK, Garabedian MJ. Antagonism of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:2050-5.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 2050-2055
    • Rogatsky, I.1    Logan, S.K.2    Garabedian, M.J.3
  • 57
    • 0036794281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear export of glucocorticoid receptor is enhanced by c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated phosphorylation
    • Itoh M, Adachi M, Yasui H, Takekawa M, Tanaka H, Imai K. Nuclear export of glucocorticoid receptor is enhanced by c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated phosphorylation. Mol Endocrinol 2002;16:2382-92.
    • (2002) Mol Endocrinol , vol.16 , pp. 2382-2392
    • Itoh, M.1    Adachi, M.2    Yasui, H.3    Takekawa, M.4    Tanaka, H.5    Imai, K.6
  • 58
    • 0023751736 scopus 로고
    • Eleventh Gaddum memorial lecture. Lipocortin and the mechanism of action of the glucocorticoids
    • Flower RJ. Eleventh Gaddum memorial lecture. Lipocortin and the mechanism of action of the glucocorticoids. Br J Pharmacol 1988;94:987-1015.
    • (1988) Br J Pharmacol , vol.94 , pp. 987-1015
    • Flower, R.J.1
  • 59
    • 0028179247 scopus 로고
    • The type 11 "receptor" as a decoy target for interleukin 1 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes: Characterization of induction by dexamethasone and ligand binding properties of the released decoy receptor
    • Re F, Muzio M, De Rossi M, Polentarutti N, Giri JG, Mantovani A, et al. The type 11 "receptor" as a decoy target for interleukin 1 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes: characterization of induction by dexamethasone and ligand binding properties of the released decoy receptor. J Exp Med 1994;179:739-43.
    • (1994) J Exp Med , vol.179 , pp. 739-743
    • Re, F.1    Muzio, M.2    De Rossi, M.3    Polentarutti, N.4    Giri, J.G.5    Mantovani, A.6
  • 60
    • 0028675419 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) and elastase-specific inhibitor (ESI/elafin) in human airway epithelial cells by cytokines and neutrophilic enzymes
    • Sallenave JM, Shulmann J, Crossley J, Jordana M, Gauldie J. Regulation of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) and elastase-specific inhibitor (ESI/elafin) in human airway epithelial cells by cytokines and neutrophilic enzymes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994;11:733-41.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.11 , pp. 733-741
    • Sallenave, J.M.1    Shulmann, J.2    Crossley, J.3    Jordana, M.4    Gauldie, J.5
  • 62
    • 0036352690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids for use in asthma
    • Umland SP, Schleimer RP, Johnston SL. Review of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids for use in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2002;15:35-50.
    • (2002) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.15 , pp. 35-50
    • Umland, S.P.1    Schleimer, R.P.2    Johnston, S.L.3
  • 63
    • 0033111565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of VCAM-1 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells by glucocorticoids
    • Atsuta J, Plitt J, Bochner BS, Schleimer RP. Inhibition of VCAM-1 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells by glucocorticoids. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999;20:643-50.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.20 , pp. 643-650
    • Atsuta, J.1    Plitt, J.2    Bochner, B.S.3    Schleimer, R.P.4
  • 64
    • 0027564905 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in human monocytic and bronchial epithelial cell lines
    • van de Stolpe A, Caldenhoven E, Raaijmakers JA, van der Saag PT, Koenderman L. Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in human monocytic and bronchial epithelial cell lines. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1993;8:340-7.
    • (1993) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.8 , pp. 340-347
    • Van De Stolpe, A.1    Caldenhoven, E.2    Raaijmakers, J.A.3    Van Der Saag, P.T.4    Koenderman, L.5
  • 66
    • 0032429910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids inhibit IL-4 and mitogen-induced IL-4R alpha chain expression by different posttranscriptional mechanisms
    • Mozo L, Gayo A, Suarez A, Rivas D, Zamorano J, Gutierrez C. Glucocorticoids inhibit IL-4 and mitogen-induced IL-4R alpha chain expression by different posttranscriptional mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:968-76.
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.102 , pp. 968-976
    • Mozo, L.1    Gayo, A.2    Suarez, A.3    Rivas, D.4    Zamorano, J.5    Gutierrez, C.6
  • 67
    • 0027942832 scopus 로고
    • Induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 by cytokines in human pulmonary epithelial cells: Regulation by dexamethasone
    • Mitchell JA, Belvisi MG, Akarasereenont P, Robbins RA, Kwon OJ, Croxtall J, et al. Induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 by cytokines in human pulmonary epithelial cells: regulation by dexamethasone. Br J Pharmacol 1994;113:1008-14.
    • (1994) Br J Pharmacol , vol.113 , pp. 1008-1014
    • Mitchell, J.A.1    Belvisi, M.G.2    Akarasereenont, P.3    Robbins, R.A.4    Kwon, O.J.5    Croxtall, J.6
  • 68
    • 0036006804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte depletion and dexamethasone differentially modulate airways hyperreactivity, inflammation, mucus accumulation, and secretion induced by rmIL-13 or antigen
    • Singer M, Lefort J, Vargaftig BB. Granulocyte depletion and dexamethasone differentially modulate airways hyperreactivity, inflammation, mucus accumulation, and secretion induced by rmIL-13 or antigen. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002;26:74-84.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.26 , pp. 74-84
    • Singer, M.1    Lefort, J.2    Vargaftig, B.B.3
  • 69
    • 0029809863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dowo-regulation of cytokine-induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 transcript isoforms by dexamethasone: Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation
    • Ristimaki A, Narko K, Hla T. Dowo-regulation of cytokine-induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 transcript isoforms by dexamethasone: evidence for post-transcriptional regulation. Biochem J 1996;318:325-31.
    • (1996) Biochem J , vol.318 , pp. 325-331
    • Ristimaki, A.1    Narko, K.2    Hla, T.3
  • 70
    • 0026448113 scopus 로고
    • Binding of sequence-specific proteins to the adenosine- plus uridine-rich sequences of the murine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA
    • Bickel M, Iwai Y, Pluznik DH, Cohen RB. Binding of sequence-specific proteins to the adenosine- plus uridine-rich sequences of the murine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992;89:10001-5.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.89 , pp. 10001-10005
    • Bickel, M.1    Iwai, Y.2    Pluznik, D.H.3    Cohen, R.B.4
  • 71
    • 0031820131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid regulation of GM-CSF: Evidence for transcriptional mechanisms in airway epithelial cells
    • Adkins KK, Levan TD, Miesfeld RL, Bloom JW. Glucocorticoid regulation of GM-CSF: evidence for transcriptional mechanisms in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 1998;275:L372-8.
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Adkins, K.K.1    Levan, T.D.2    Miesfeld, R.L.3    Bloom, J.W.4
  • 72
    • 0033610923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repression of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 release by dexamethasone occurs by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms involving loss of polyadenylated mRNA
    • Newton R, Seybold J, Kuitert LM, Bergmann M, Barnes PJ. Repression of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 release by dexamethasone occurs by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms involving loss of polyadenylated mRNA. J Biol Chem 1998;273:32312-21.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 32312-32321
    • Newton, R.1    Seybold, J.2    Kuitert, L.M.3    Bergmann, M.4    Barnes, P.J.5
  • 73
    • 0032891082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone regulation of lung epithelial cell and fibroblast interleukin-11 production
    • Wang J, Zhu Z, Nolfo R, Elias JA. Dexamethasone regulation of lung epithelial cell and fibroblast interleukin-11 production. Am J Physiol 1999;276:L175-85.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276
    • Wang, J.1    Zhu, Z.2    Nolfo, R.3    Elias, J.A.4
  • 74
    • 0033773479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticosteroid actions
    • Adcock IM. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticosteroid actions. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2000;13:115-26.
    • (2000) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.13 , pp. 115-126
    • Adcock, I.M.1
  • 75
    • 0030615201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear factor-kappaB: A pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases
    • Barnes PJ, Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappaB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1066-71.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1066-1071
    • Barnes, P.J.1    Karin, M.2
  • 76
    • 0027402820 scopus 로고
    • Novel glucocorticoid receptor complex with DNA element of the hormone-repressed POMC gene
    • Drouin J, Sun YL, Chamberland M, Gauthier Y, De Lean A, Nemer M, et al. Novel glucocorticoid receptor complex with DNA element of the hormone-repressed POMC gene. EMBO J 1993;12:145-56.
    • (1993) EMBO J , vol.12 , pp. 145-156
    • Drouin, J.1    Sun, Y.L.2    Chamberland, M.3    Gauthier, Y.4    De Lean, A.5    Nemer, M.6
  • 77
    • 0030666901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A weak TATA box is a prerequisite for glucocorticoid-dependent repression of the osteocalcin gene
    • Meyer T, Carlstedt-Duke J, Starr DB. A weak TATA box is a prerequisite for glucocorticoid-dependent repression of the osteocalcin gene. J Biol Chem 1997;272:30709-14.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 30709-30714
    • Meyer, T.1    Carlstedt-Duke, J.2    Starr, D.B.3
  • 78
    • 0027058940 scopus 로고
    • The basic region of AP-1 specifies glucocorticoid receptor activity at a composite response element
    • Miner JN, Yamamoto KR. The basic region of AP-1 specifies glucocorticoid receptor activity at a composite response element. Genes Dev 1992;6:2491-501.
    • (1992) Genes Dev , vol.6 , pp. 2491-2501
    • Miner, J.N.1    Yamamoto, K.R.2
  • 79
    • 0025130179 scopus 로고
    • Functional antagonism between oncoprotein c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Schule R, Rangarajan P, Kliewer S, Ransone LJ, Bolado J, Yang N, et al. Functional antagonism between oncoprotein c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 1990;62:1217-26.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.62 , pp. 1217-1226
    • Schule, R.1    Rangarajan, P.2    Kliewer, S.3    Ransone, L.J.4    Bolado, J.5    Yang, N.6
  • 80
    • 0025188132 scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: Mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction
    • Yang-Yen HF, Chambard JC, Sun YL, Smeal T, Schmidt TJ, Drouin J, et al. Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction. Cell 1990;62:1205-15.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.62 , pp. 1205-1215
    • Yang-Yen, H.F.1    Chambard, J.C.2    Sun, Y.L.3    Smeal, T.4    Schmidt, T.J.5    Drouin, J.6
  • 82
    • 0027934108 scopus 로고
    • A distinct modulating domain in glucocorticoid receptor monomers in the repression of activity of the transcription factor AP-I
    • Heck S, Kullmann M, Gast A, Ponta H, Rahmsdorf HJ, Herrlich P, et al. A distinct modulating domain in glucocorticoid receptor monomers in the repression of activity of the transcription factor AP-I. EMBO J 1994;13:4087-95.
    • (1994) EMBO J , vol.13 , pp. 4087-4095
    • Heck, S.1    Kullmann, M.2    Gast, A.3    Ponta, H.4    Rahmsdorf, H.J.5    Herrlich, P.6
  • 84
    • 0029874138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NF-kappa B anal I kappa B proteins: New discoveries and insights
    • Baldwin AS Jr. The NF-kappa B anal I kappa B proteins: new discoveries and insights. Annu Rev Immunol 1996;14:649-83.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.14 , pp. 649-683
    • Baldwin A.S., Jr.1
  • 85
    • 0028909667 scopus 로고
    • Negative cross-talk between RelA and the glucocorticoid receptor: A possible mechanism for the antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids
    • Caldenhoven E, Liden J, Wissink S, Van de Stolpe A, Raaijmakers J, Koenderman L, et al. Negative cross-talk between RelA and the glucocorticoid receptor: a possible mechanism for the antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids. Mol Endocrinol 1995;9:401-12.
    • (1995) Mol Endocrinol , vol.9 , pp. 401-412
    • Caldenhoven, E.1    Liden, J.2    Wissink, S.3    Van De Stolpe, A.4    Raaijmakers, J.5    Koenderman, L.6
  • 86
    • 0034665748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glucocorticoid receptor inhibits NFkappaB by interfering with serine-2 phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain
    • Nissen RM, Yamamoto KR. The glucocorticoid receptor inhibits NFkappaB by interfering with serine-2 phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain. Genes Dev 2000;14:2314-29.
    • (2000) Genes Dev , vol.14 , pp. 2314-2329
    • Nissen, R.M.1    Yamamoto, K.R.2
  • 87
    • 0034636021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids repress NF-kappaB-driven genes by disturbing the interaction of p65 with the basal transcription machinery, irrespective of coactivator levels in the cell
    • De Bosscher K, Vanden Berghe W, Vermeulen L, Plaisance S, Boone E, Haegeman G, Glucocorticoids repress NF-kappaB-driven genes by disturbing the interaction of p65 with the basal transcription machinery, irrespective of coactivator levels in the cell. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:3919-24.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.97 , pp. 3919-3924
    • De Bosscher, K.1    Vanden Berghe, W.2    Vermeulen, L.3    Plaisance, S.4    Boone, E.5    Haegeman, G.6
  • 88
    • 0035839497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p65-activated histone acetyltransferase activity is repressed by glucocorticoids: Mifepristone fails to recruit HDAC2 to the p65-HAT complex
    • Ito K, Jazrawi E, Cosio B, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. p65-activated histone acetyltransferase activity is repressed by glucocorticoids: mifepristone fails to recruit HDAC2 to the p65-HAT complex. J Biol Chem 2001;276:30208-15.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 30208-30215
    • Ito, K.1    Jazrawi, E.2    Cosio, B.3    Barnes, P.J.4    Adcock, I.M.5
  • 89
    • 0028867899 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: Inhibition of NF-kappa B activity through induction of I kappa B synthesis
    • Auphan N, DiDonato JA, Rosette C, Helmberg A, Karin M. Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: inhibition of NF-kappa B activity through induction of I kappa B synthesis. Science 1995;270:286-90.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 286-290
    • Auphan, N.1    DiDonato, J.A.2    Rosette, C.3    Helmberg, A.4    Karin, M.5
  • 90
    • 0029778179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of NFkappaB activity in endothelial cells does not involve induction of IkappaBalpha synthesis
    • Brostjan C, Anrather J, Csizmadia V, Stroka D, Soares M, Bach FH, et al. Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of NFkappaB activity in endothelial cells does not involve induction of IkappaBalpha synthesis. J Biol Chem 1996;271:19612-6.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 19612-19616
    • Brostjan, C.1    Anrather, J.2    Csizmadia, V.3    Stroka, D.4    Soares, M.5    Bach, F.H.6
  • 91
    • 0032982717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand-induced differentiation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) trans-repression and transactivation: Preferential targetting of NF-kappaB and lack of I-kappaB involvement
    • Adcock IM, Nasuhara Y, Stevens DA, Barnes PJ. Ligand-induced differentiation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) trans-repression and transactivation: preferential targetting of NF-kappaB and lack of I-kappaB involvement. Br J Pharmacol 1999;127:1003-11.
    • (1999) Br J Pharmacol , vol.127 , pp. 1003-1011
    • Adcock, I.M.1    Nasuhara, Y.2    Stevens, D.A.3    Barnes, P.J.4
  • 92
    • 0037126620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repression of inflammatory responses in the absence of DNA binding by the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Reichardt HM, Tuckermann JP, Gottlicher M, Vujic M, Weih F, Angel P, et al. Repression of inflammatory responses in the absence of DNA binding by the glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J 2001;20:7168-73.
    • (2001) EMBO J , vol.20 , pp. 7168-7173
    • Reichardt, H.M.1    Tuckermann, J.P.2    Gottlicher, M.3    Vujic, M.4    Weih, F.5    Angel, P.6
  • 93
    • 0028079557 scopus 로고
    • Steroid-resistant asthma. Cellular mechanisms contributing to inadequate response to glucocorticoid therapy
    • Sher ER, Leung DY, Surs W, Kam JC, Zieg G, Kamada AK, et al. Steroid-resistant asthma. Cellular mechanisms contributing to inadequate response to glucocorticoid therapy. J Clin Invest 1994;93:33-9.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.93 , pp. 33-39
    • Sher, E.R.1    Leung, D.Y.2    Surs, W.3    Kam, J.C.4    Zieg, G.5    Kamada, A.K.6
  • 94
    • 0031981957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difficult-to-control asthma: Clinical characteristics of steroid-insensitive asthma
    • Chan MT, Leung DY, Szefler SJ, Spahn JD. Difficult-to-control asthma: clinical characteristics of steroid-insensitive asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:594-601.
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.101 , pp. 594-601
    • Chan, M.T.1    Leung, D.Y.2    Szefler, S.J.3    Spahn, J.D.4
  • 96
    • 0028913952 scopus 로고
    • Prednisone treatment of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Disease activity and bone mass in comparison with chloroquine treatment
    • van Schaardenburg D, Valkema R, Dijkmans BA, Papapoulos S, Zwinderman AH, Han KH, et al. Prednisone treatment of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Disease activity and bone mass in comparison with chloroquine treatment. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:334-42.
    • (1995) Arthritis Rheum , vol.38 , pp. 334-342
    • Van Schaardenburg, D.1    Valkema, R.2    Dijkmans, B.A.3    Papapoulos, S.4    Zwinderman, A.H.5    Han, K.H.6
  • 97
    • 0031969165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by glucocorticoids and relationship to therapeutic efficacy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Seki M, Ushiyama C, Seta N, Abe K, Fukazawa T, Asakawa J, et al. Apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by glucocorticoids and relationship to therapeutic efficacy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:823-30.
    • (1998) Arthritis Rheum , vol.41 , pp. 823-830
    • Seki, M.1    Ushiyama, C.2    Seta, N.3    Abe, K.4    Fukazawa, T.5    Asakawa, J.6
  • 98
    • 0032795775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting therapeutic outcome in severe ulcerative colitis by measuring in vitro steroid sensitivity of proliferating peripheral blood lymphocytes
    • Hearing SD, Norman M, Probert CS, Haslam N, Dayan CM. Predicting therapeutic outcome in severe ulcerative colitis by measuring in vitro steroid sensitivity of proliferating peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gut 1999;45:382-8.
    • (1999) Gut , vol.45 , pp. 382-388
    • Hearing, S.D.1    Norman, M.2    Probert, C.S.3    Haslam, N.4    Dayan, C.M.5
  • 99
    • 0034058875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of glucocorticoid receptor beta in lymphocytes of patients with glucocorticoid-resistant ulcerative colitis
    • Honda M, Orii F, Ayabe T, Imai S, Ashida T, Obara T, et al. Expression of glucocorticoid receptor beta in lymphocytes of patients with glucocorticoid-resistant ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2000;118:859-66.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118 , pp. 859-866
    • Honda, M.1    Orii, F.2    Ayabe, T.3    Imai, S.4    Ashida, T.5    Obara, T.6
  • 101
    • 0033069620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immune globulin (i.v.IG) therapy in steroid-resistant atopic dermatitis
    • Noh G, Lee KY. Intravenous immune globulin (i.v.IG) therapy in steroid-resistant atopic dermatitis. J Korean Med Sci 1999;14:63-8.
    • (1999) J Korean Med Sci , vol.14 , pp. 63-68
    • Noh, G.1    Lee, K.Y.2
  • 102
    • 0033347284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wide variation in lymphocyte steroid sensitivity among healthy human volunteers
    • Hearing SD, Norman M, Smyth C, Foy C, Dayan CM. Wide variation in lymphocyte steroid sensitivity among healthy human volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:4149-54.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 4149-4154
    • Hearing, S.D.1    Norman, M.2    Smyth, C.3    Foy, C.4    Dayan, C.M.5
  • 103
    • 0025935046 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic asthma. Glucocorticoid pharmacokinetics, glucocorticoid receptor characteristics, and inhibition of peripheral blood T cell proliferation by glucocorticoids in vitro
    • Corrigan CJ, Brown PH, Barnes NC, Szefler SJ, Tsai JJ, Frew AJ, et al. Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic asthma. Glucocorticoid pharmacokinetics, glucocorticoid receptor characteristics, and inhibition of peripheral blood T cell proliferation by glucocorticoids in vitro. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;144:1016-25.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.144 , pp. 1016-1025
    • Corrigan, C.J.1    Brown, P.H.2    Barnes, N.C.3    Szefler, S.J.4    Tsai, J.J.5    Frew, A.J.6
  • 105
    • 0026005520 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic asthma. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte activation and comparison of the T lymphocyte inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids and cyclosporin A
    • Corrigan CJ, Brown PH, Barnes NC, Tsai JJ, Frew AJ, Kay AB. Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic asthma. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte activation and comparison of the T lymphocyte inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids and cyclosporin A. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;144:1026-32.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.144 , pp. 1026-1032
    • Corrigan, C.J.1    Brown, P.H.2    Barnes, N.C.3    Tsai, J.J.4    Frew, A.J.5    Kay, A.B.6
  • 106
    • 0036173939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A defect in corticosteroid-induced IL-10 production in T lymphocytes from corticosteroid-resistant asthmatic patients
    • Hawrylowicz C, Richards D, Loke TK, Corrigan C, Lee T. A defect in corticosteroid-induced IL-10 production in T lymphocytes from corticosteroid-resistant asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:369-70.
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.109 , pp. 369-370
    • Hawrylowicz, C.1    Richards, D.2    Loke, T.K.3    Corrigan, C.4    Lee, T.5
  • 107
    • 0030458570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glucocorticoids on lymphocyte activation in patients with steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant asthma
    • Spahn JD, Landwehr LP, Nimmagadda S, Surs W, Leung DY, Szefler SJ. Effects of glucocorticoids on lymphocyte activation in patients with steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;98:1073-9.
    • (1996) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.98 , pp. 1073-1079
    • Spahn, J.D.1    Landwehr, L.P.2    Nimmagadda, S.3    Surs, W.4    Leung, D.Y.5    Szefler, S.J.6
  • 108
    • 0028944915 scopus 로고
    • Dysregulation of interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and interferon gamma gene expression in steroid-resistant asthma
    • Leung DY, Martin RJ, Szefler SJ, Sher ER, Ying S, Kay AB, et al. Dysregulation of interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and interferon gamma gene expression in steroid-resistant asthma. J Exp Med 1995;181:33-40.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.181 , pp. 33-40
    • Leung, D.Y.1    Martin, R.J.2    Szefler, S.J.3    Sher, E.R.4    Ying, S.5    Kay, A.B.6
  • 110
    • 0028472787 scopus 로고
    • Chemical mutational analysis of the human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA in glucocorticoid-resistant bronchial asthma
    • Lane SJ, Arm JP, Staynov DZ, Lee TH. Chemical mutational analysis of the human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA in glucocorticoid-resistant bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994;11:42-8.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.11 , pp. 42-48
    • Lane, S.J.1    Arm, J.P.2    Staynov, D.Z.3    Lee, T.H.4
  • 111
    • 0027242280 scopus 로고
    • Combination IL-2 and IL-4 reduces glucocorticoid receptor-binding affinity and T cell response to glucocorticoids
    • Kam JC, Szefler SJ, Surs W, Sher ER, Leung DY. Combination IL-2 and IL-4 reduces glucocorticoid receptor-binding affinity and T cell response to glucocorticoids. J Immunol 1993;151:3460-6.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 3460-3466
    • Kam, J.C.1    Szefler, S.J.2    Surs, W.3    Sher, E.R.4    Leung, D.Y.5
  • 112
    • 0030587138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel action of IL-13: Induction of diminished monocyte glucocorticoid receptor-binding affinity
    • Spahn JD, Szefler SJ, Surs W, Doherty DE, Nimmagadda SR, Leung DY. A novel action of IL-13: induction of diminished monocyte glucocorticoid receptor-binding affinity. J Immunol 1996;157:2654-9.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 2654-2659
    • Spahn, J.D.1    Szefler, S.J.2    Surs, W.3    Doherty, D.E.4    Nimmagadda, S.R.5    Leung, D.Y.6
  • 113
    • 0028881859 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal glucocorticoid receptor-activator protein 1 interaction in steroid-resistant asthma
    • Adcock IM, Lane SJ, Brown CR, Lee TH, Barnes PJ. Abnormal glucocorticoid receptor-activator protein 1 interaction in steroid-resistant asthma. J Exp Med 1995;182:1951-8.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.182 , pp. 1951-1958
    • Adcock, I.M.1    Lane, S.J.2    Brown, C.R.3    Lee, T.H.4    Barnes, P.J.5
  • 114
    • 0032535369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid-resistant bronchial asthma is associated with increased c-fos expression in monocytes and T lymphocytes
    • Lane SJ, Adcock IM, Richards D, Hawrylowicz C, Barnes PJ, Lee TH. Corticosteroid-resistant bronchial asthma is associated with increased c-fos expression in monocytes and T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 1998;102:2156-64.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , pp. 2156-2164
    • Lane, S.J.1    Adcock, I.M.2    Richards, D.3    Hawrylowicz, C.4    Barnes, P.J.5    Lee, T.H.6
  • 115
    • 0032843944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo resistance to cortico-steroids in bronchial asthma is associated with enhanced phosyphorylation of JUN N-terminal kinase and failure of prednisolone to inhibit JUN N-terminal kinase phosphorylation
    • Sousa AR, Lane SJ, Soh C, Lee TH. In vivo resistance to cortico-steroids in bronchial asthma is associated with enhanced phosyphorylation of JUN N-terminal kinase and failure of prednisolone to inhibit JUN N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:565-74.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 565-574
    • Sousa, A.R.1    Lane, S.J.2    Soh, C.3    Lee, T.H.4
  • 116
    • 0036231010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation reduces its activity: Role in steroid-insensitive asthma
    • Irusen E, Matthews JG, Takahashi A, Barnes PJ, Chung KF, Adcock IM. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation reduces its activity: role in steroid-insensitive asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:649-57.
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.109 , pp. 649-657
    • Irusen, E.1    Matthews, J.G.2    Takahashi, A.3    Barnes, P.J.4    Chung, K.F.5    Adcock, I.M.6
  • 118
    • 0037111418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stat 5. A role for STAT5 in the pathogenesis of IL-2 induced glucocorticoid resistance
    • Goleva E, Kisich KO, Leung DYM. Stat 5. A role for STAT5 in the pathogenesis of IL-2 induced glucocorticoid resistance. J Immunol 2002;169:5934-40.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.169 , pp. 5934-5940
    • Goleva, E.1    Kisich, K.O.2    Leung, D.Y.M.3
  • 119
    • 0033600936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dominant negative activity of the human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Specificity and mechanisms of action
    • Oakley RH, Jewell CM, Yudt MR, Bofetiado DM, Cidlowski JA. The dominant negative activity of the human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Specificity and mechanisms of action. J Biol Chem 1999;274:27857-66.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 27857-27866
    • Oakley, R.H.1    Jewell, C.M.2    Yudt, M.R.3    Bofetiado, D.M.4    Cidlowski, J.A.5
  • 120
    • 0036731695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased glucocorticoid receptor Beta expression converts mouse hybridoma cells to a corticosteroid-insensitive phenotype
    • Hauk PJ, Goleva E, Strickland I, Vottero A, Chrousos GP, Kisich KO, et al. Increased glucocorticoid receptor Beta expression converts mouse hybridoma cells to a corticosteroid-insensitive phenotype. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002;27:361-7.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.27 , pp. 361-367
    • Hauk, P.J.1    Goleva, E.2    Strickland, I.3    Vottero, A.4    Chrousos, G.P.5    Kisich, K.O.6
  • 121
    • 0035809314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High constitutive glucocorticoid receptor beta in human neutrophils enables them to reduce their spontaneous rate of cell death in response to corticosteroids
    • Strickland I, Kisich K, Hauk PJ, Vottero A, Chrousos GP, Klemm DJ, et al. High constitutive glucocorticoid receptor beta in human neutrophils enables them to reduce their spontaneous rate of cell death in response to corticosteroids. J Exp Med 2001;193:585-94.
    • (2001) J Exp Med , vol.193 , pp. 585-594
    • Strickland, I.1    Kisich, K.2    Hauk, P.J.3    Vottero, A.4    Chrousos, G.P.5    Klemm, D.J.6
  • 122
    • 0030702823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of glucocorticoid insensitivity with increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor beta
    • Leung DY, Hamid Q, Vottero A, Szefler SJ, Surs W, Minshall E, et al. Association of glucocorticoid insensitivity with increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor beta. J Exp Med 1997;186:1567-74.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.186 , pp. 1567-1574
    • Leung, D.Y.1    Hamid, Q.2    Vottero, A.3    Szefler, S.J.4    Surs, W.5    Minshall, E.6
  • 123
    • 0035810930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proinflammatory cytokines regulate human glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and lead to the accumulation of the dominant negative beta isoform: A mechanism for the generation of glucocorticoid resistance
    • Webster JC, Oakley RH, Jewell CM, Cidlowski JA. Proinflammatory cytokines regulate human glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and lead to the accumulation of the dominant negative beta isoform: a mechanism for the generation of glucocorticoid resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:6865-70.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 6865-6870
    • Webster, J.C.1    Oakley, R.H.2    Jewell, C.M.3    Cidlowski, J.A.4
  • 127
    • 0030664771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of glucocorticoid receptorbeta in mice
    • Otto C, Reichardt HM, Schutz G. Absence of glucocorticoid receptorbeta in mice. J Biol Chem 1997;272:26665-8.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 26665-26668
    • Otto, C.1    Reichardt, H.M.2    Schutz, G.3
  • 128
    • 0004815929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid resistance in asthma is associated with elevated in vivo expression of the glucocorticoid receptor beta-isoform
    • Sousa AR, Lane SJ, Cidlowski JA, Staynov DZ, Lee TH. Glucocorticoid resistance in asthma is associated with elevated in vivo expression of the glucocorticoid receptor beta-isoform. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:943-50.
    • (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.105 , pp. 943-950
    • Sousa, A.R.1    Lane, S.J.2    Cidlowski, J.A.3    Staynov, D.Z.4    Lee, T.H.5
  • 130
    • 0032893564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal asthma is associated with reduced glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity and decreased steroid responsiveness at night
    • Kraft M, Vianna E, Martin RJ, Leung DY. Nocturnal asthma is associated with reduced glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity and decreased steroid responsiveness at night. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:66-71.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 66-71
    • Kraft, M.1    Vianna, E.2    Martin, R.J.3    Leung, D.Y.4
  • 131
    • 0035029680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased steroid responsiveness at night in nocturnal asthma. Is the macrophage responsible?
    • Kraft M, Hamid Q, Chrousos GP, Martin RJ, Leung DY. Decreased steroid responsiveness at night in nocturnal asthma. Is the macrophage responsible? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1219-25.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.163 , pp. 1219-1225
    • Kraft, M.1    Hamid, Q.2    Chrousos, G.P.3    Martin, R.J.4    Leung, D.Y.5
  • 132
    • 0034742656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRbeta expression in nasal polyp inflammatory cells and its relationship to the anti-inflammatory effects of intranasal fluticasone
    • Hamilos DL, Leung DY, Muro S, Kahn AM, Hamilos SS, Thawley SE, et al. GRbeta expression in nasal polyp inflammatory cells and its relationship to the anti-inflammatory effects of intranasal fluticasone. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108:59-68.
    • (2001) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.108 , pp. 59-68
    • Hamilos, D.L.1    Leung, D.Y.2    Muro, S.3    Kahn, A.M.4    Hamilos, S.S.5    Thawley, S.E.6
  • 137
    • 0031018474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergen exposure decreases glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity and steroid responsiveness in atopic asthmatics
    • Nimmagadda SR, Szefler SJ, Spahn JD, Surs W, Leung DY. Allergen exposure decreases glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity and steroid responsiveness in atopic asthmatics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:87-93.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 87-93
    • Nimmagadda, S.R.1    Szefler, S.J.2    Spahn, J.D.3    Surs, W.4    Leung, D.Y.5
  • 138
    • 0032838942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased T-cell receptor vbeta8+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of subjects with poorly controlled asthma: A potential role for microbial superantigens
    • Hauk PJ, Wenzel SE, Trumble AE, Szefler SJ, Leung DY. Increased T-cell receptor vbeta8+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of subjects with poorly controlled asthma: a potential role for microbial superantigens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:37-45.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 37-45
    • Hauk, P.J.1    Wenzel, S.E.2    Trumble, A.E.3    Szefler, S.J.4    Leung, D.Y.5
  • 139
    • 0027370384 scopus 로고
    • Superantigens and their potential role in human disease
    • Kotzin BL, Leung DY, Kappler J, Marrack P. Superantigens and their potential role in human disease. Adv Immunol 1993;54:99-166.
    • (1993) Adv Immunol , vol.54 , pp. 99-166
    • Kotzin, B.L.1    Leung, D.Y.2    Kappler, J.3    Marrack, P.4
  • 140
    • 0034048372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of corticosteroid insensitivity in human PBMCs by microbial superantigens
    • Hauk PJ, Hamid QA, Chrousos GP, Leung DY. Induction of corticosteroid insensitivity in human PBMCs by microbial superantigens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:782-7.
    • (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.105 , pp. 782-787
    • Hauk, P.J.1    Hamid, Q.A.2    Chrousos, G.P.3    Leung, D.Y.4
  • 142
    • 0032828538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the staphylococcal exotoxins and their specific IgE in childhood atopic dermatitis
    • Nomura I, Tanaka K, Tomita H, Katsunuma T, Ohya Y, Ikeda N, et al. Evaluation of the staphylococcal exotoxins and their specific IgE in childhood atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:441-6.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 441-446
    • Nomura, I.1    Tanaka, K.2    Tomita, H.3    Katsunuma, T.4    Ohya, Y.5    Ikeda, N.6
  • 143
  • 144
    • 0026784117 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous cortisol regulates immunoglobulin E-dependent late phase reactions
    • Herrscher RF, Kasper C, Sullivan TJ. Endogenous cortisol regulates immunoglobulin E-dependent late phase reactions. J Clin Invest 1992;90:596-603.
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.90 , pp. 596-603
    • Herrscher, R.F.1    Kasper, C.2    Sullivan, T.J.3
  • 145
    • 0002389329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid-resistant asthma: New insights and implications for management
    • Szefler SJ, Leung DYM, editors. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc
    • Leung DYM, Spahn JD, Szefler SJ. Steroid-resistant asthma: new insights and implications for management. In: Szefler SJ, Leung DYM, editors. Severe asthma: a multidisciplinary approach. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2001. p. 597-620.
    • (2001) Severe Asthma: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2nd Ed. , pp. 597-620
    • Leung, D.Y.M.1    Spahn, J.D.2    Szefler, S.J.3
  • 146
    • 0020528874 scopus 로고
    • The frequency and severity of cat allergy vs. dog allergy in atopic children
    • Murray AB, Ferguson AC, Morrison BJ. The frequency and severity of cat allergy vs. dog allergy in atopic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;72:145-9.
    • (1983) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.72 , pp. 145-149
    • Murray, A.B.1    Ferguson, A.C.2    Morrison, B.J.3
  • 147
    • 0032783993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of allergens from cats and dogs to asthma in the northern-most province of Sweden: Schools as a major site of exposure
    • Perzanowski MS, Ronmark E, Nold B, Lundback B, Platts-Mills TA. Relevance of allergens from cats and dogs to asthma in the northern-most province of Sweden: schools as a major site of exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:1018-24.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 1018-1024
    • Perzanowski, M.S.1    Ronmark, E.2    Nold, B.3    Lundback, B.4    Platts-Mills, T.A.5
  • 148
    • 0036286739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming barriers to nonadherence in asthma treatment
    • Bender BG. Overcoming barriers to nonadherence in asthma treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:S554-9.
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.109
    • Bender, B.G.1
  • 151
    • 1542354888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis
    • Bieber T, Leung DYM, editors. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc
    • Leung DYM. Role of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis. In: Bieber T, Leung DYM, editors. Atopic dermatitis. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2002. p. 401-18.
    • (2002) Atopic Dermatitis , pp. 401-418
    • Leung, D.Y.M.1
  • 152
    • 0034690661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of increased dose of inhaled steroid or addition of salmeterol in symptomatic asthma (MIASMA)
    • Shrewsbury S, Pyke S, Britton M. Meta-analysis of increased dose of inhaled steroid or addition of salmeterol in symptomatic asthma (MIASMA). BMJ 2000;320:1368-73.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.320 , pp. 1368-1373
    • Shrewsbury, S.1    Pyke, S.2    Britton, M.3
  • 153
    • 0035110231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advair: Combination treatment with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol in the treatment of asthma
    • Nelson HS. Advair: combination treatment with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol in the treatment of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:398-416.
    • (2001) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.107 , pp. 398-416
    • Nelson, H.S.1
  • 154
    • 0033534727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand-independent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists in primary human lung fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Eickelberg O, Roth M, Lorx R, Bruce V, Rudiger J, Johnson M, et al. Ligand-independent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists in primary human lung fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 1999;274:1005-10.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 1005-1010
    • Eickelberg, O.1    Roth, M.2    Lorx, R.3    Bruce, V.4    Rudiger, J.5    Johnson, M.6
  • 155
    • 0030903255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukotriene antagonist prevents exacerbation of asthma during reduction of high-dose inhaled corticosteroid
    • The Tokyo Joshi-Idai Asthma Research Group
    • Tamaoki J, Kondo M, Sakai N, Nakata J, Takemura H, Nagai A, et al. Leukotriene antagonist prevents exacerbation of asthma during reduction of high-dose inhaled corticosteroid. The Tokyo Joshi-Idai Asthma Research Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:1235-40.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 1235-1240
    • Tamaoki, J.1    Kondo, M.2    Sakai, N.3    Nakata, J.4    Takemura, H.5    Nagai, A.6
  • 156
    • 0019350776 scopus 로고
    • The value of maintenance theophylline in steroid-dependent asthma
    • Nassif EG, Weinberger M, Thompson R, Huntley W. The value of maintenance theophylline in steroid-dependent asthma. N Engl J Med 1981;304:71-5.
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.304 , pp. 71-75
    • Nassif, E.G.1    Weinberger, M.2    Thompson, R.3    Huntley, W.4
  • 158
    • 0028456407 scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of glucocorticoid receptor and pharmacokinetic abnormalities: Factors that contribute to a poor response to treatment with glucocorticoids in children with asthma
    • Kamada AK, Spahn JD, Surs W, Brown E, Leung DY, Szefler SJ. Coexistence of glucocorticoid receptor and pharmacokinetic abnormalities: factors that contribute to a poor response to treatment with glucocorticoids in children with asthma. J Pediatr 1994;124:984-6.
    • (1994) J Pediatr , vol.124 , pp. 984-986
    • Kamada, A.K.1    Spahn, J.D.2    Surs, W.3    Brown, E.4    Leung, D.Y.5    Szefler, S.J.6
  • 161
    • 0033051612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of glucocorticoid reduction in asthmatic subjects treated with intravenous immunoglobulin
    • Spahn JD, Leung DY, Chan MT, Szefler SJ, Gelfand EW. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid reduction in asthmatic subjects treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:421-6.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 421-426
    • Spahn, J.D.1    Leung, D.Y.2    Chan, M.T.3    Szefler, S.J.4    Gelfand, E.W.5
  • 162
    • 0031985485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A treatment and airways inflammation in corticosteroid-dependent asthma
    • Redington AE, Harding FM, Madden J, Holgate ST, Howarth PH. Cyclosporin A treatment and airways inflammation in corticosteroid-dependent asthma. Allergy 1998;53:94-8.
    • (1998) Allergy , vol.53 , pp. 94-98
    • Redington, A.E.1    Harding, F.M.2    Madden, J.3    Holgate, S.T.4    Howarth, P.H.5
  • 163
    • 0034020371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose methotrexate treatment in severe glucocorticoid-dependent asthma: Effect on mucosal inflammation and in vitro sensitivity to glucocorticoids of mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation
    • Vrugt B, Wilson S, Bron A, Shute J, Holgate ST, Djukanovic R, et al. Low-dose methotrexate treatment in severe glucocorticoid-dependent asthma: effect on mucosal inflammation and in vitro sensitivity to glucocorticoids of mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation. Eur Respir J 2000;15:478-85.
    • (2000) Eur Respir J , vol.15 , pp. 478-485
    • Vrugt, B.1    Wilson, S.2    Bron, A.3    Shute, J.4    Holgate, S.T.5    Djukanovic, R.6
  • 164
    • 0030857827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin in two severe corticosteroid insensitive asthmatic patients
    • Vrugt B, Wilson S, van Velzen E, Bron A, Shute JK, Holgate ST, et al. Effects of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin in two severe corticosteroid insensitive asthmatic patients. Thorax 1997;52:662-4.
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , pp. 662-664
    • Vrugt, B.1    Wilson, S.2    Van Velzen, E.3    Bron, A.4    Shute, J.K.5    Holgate, S.T.6
  • 166
    • 0002726407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of airway remodeling in severe asthma
    • Szefler SJ, Leung DYM, editors. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc
    • Molet S, Hamid QA. Role of airway remodeling in severe asthma. In: Szefler SJ, Leung DYM, editors. Severe asthma: pathogenesis and clinical management. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2001. p. 89-124.
    • (2001) Severe Asthma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Management , pp. 89-124
    • Molet, S.1    Hamid, Q.A.2
  • 167
    • 0034907372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omalizumab, anti-IgE recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of severe allergic asthma
    • Busse W, Corren J, Lanier BQ, McAlary M, Fowler-Taylor A, Cioppa GD, et al. Omalizumab, anti-IgE recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of severe allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108:184-90.
    • (2001) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.108 , pp. 184-190
    • Busse, W.1    Corren, J.2    Lanier, B.Q.3    McAlary, M.4    Fowler-Taylor, A.5    Cioppa, G.D.6
  • 168
    • 0034872296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergic disease
    • Broide DH. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108:S65-71.
    • (2001) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.108
    • Broide, D.H.1
  • 172
    • 0036158245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood asthma: New insights into management
    • Spahn JD, Szefler SJ. Childhood asthma: new insights into management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:3-13.
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.109 , pp. 3-13
    • Spahn, J.D.1    Szefler, S.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.