CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins: Structure, function and regulation

Biochemical Journal

Volumn 365, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 561-575

  Ramji, Dipak P ^a   Foka, Pelagia ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Differentiation; Inflammation; Metabolism; Proliferation; Transcription factors

Indexed keywords

DIMERIZATION; DNA; HORMONES; METABOLISM; POLYPEPTIDES;

BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS;

PROTEINS;

CCAAT ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN;

CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL METABOLISM; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SPECIFICITY; DIMERIZATION; ENHANCER REGION; INFLAMMATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DNA BINDING; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ADIPOCYTES; ANIMALS; CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL DIVISION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; METABOLISM; MODELS, MOLECULAR; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, SECONDARY;

EID: 0036683653     PISSN: 02646021     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20020508     Document Type: Review

References (205)

1. Eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins
2. Isolation of a recombinant copy of the gene encoding C/EBP
3. The DNA binding domain of the rat liver nuclear protein C/EBP is bipartite
4. Scissors-grip model for DNA recognition by a family of leucine zipper proteins
5. Cognate DNA binding specificity retained after leucine zipper exchange between GCN4 and C/EBP
6. Transcription factors 1: bZIP proteins
7. A nuclear factor for IL-6 expression (NF-IL6) is a member of a C/EBP family
8. IL-6DBP, a nuclear protein involved in interleukin-6 signal transduction, defines a new family of leucine zipper proteins related to C/EBP
9. LAP, a novel member of the C/EBP gene family, encodes a liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein
10. Molecular cloning of a transcription factor, AGP/EBP, that belongs to members of the C/EBP family
11. Ig/EBP-1: A ubiquitously expressed immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein that is similar to C/EBP and heterodimerizes with C/EBP
12. Regulated expression of three C/EBP isoforms during adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells
13. A family of C/EBP related proteins capable of forming covalently linked leucine zipper dimers in vitro
14. CHOP, a novel developmentally regulated nuclear protein that dimerizes with transcription factors C/EBP and LAP and functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of gene transcription
15. Drosophila C/EBP: A tissue-specific DNA-binding protein required for embryonic development
16. A novel myeloid-restricted zebrafish CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein with a potent transcriptional activation domain
17. Molecular cloning, sequence, and expression of the human gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα)
18. Translational control of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ isoform expression
19. Characterization and expression of C/EBPlike genes in the liver of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles during spontaneous and thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis
20. Molecular cloning, genetic mapping, and expression analysis of four zebrafish C/EBP genes
21. The NF-M transcription factor is related to C/EBPβ and plays a role in signal transduction, differentiation and leukemogenesis of avian myelomonocytic cells
22. Characterization and developmental regulation of the Xenopus laevis CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β gene
23. C/EBP is an immediate-early gene required for the consolidation of long-term facilitation in Aplysia
24. Molecular cloning and expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaveus
25. A member of the C/EBP family, NF-IL6β, forms a heterodimer and transcriptionally synergizes with NF-IL6
26. Molecular characterization of transcription factors that bind to the cAMP responsive region of the substance P precursor gene. cDNA cloning of a novel C/EBP related factor
27. The ovine CCAAT-enhancer binding protein δ gene: Cloning, characterization, and species-specific autoregulation
28. A novel human CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gene, C/EBPε, is expressed in cells of lymphoid and myeloid lineages and is localized on chromosome 14q11.2 close to the T-cell receptor α/δ locus
29. Cloning of the novel human myeloid-cell-specific C/EBPε transcription factor
30. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ε is preferentially up-regulated during granulocyte differentiation and its functional versatility is determined by alternative use of promoters and differential splicing
31. Nucleotide sequence of ovine C/EBPε gene
32. Isolation and characterization of the hamster gadd153 gene. Activation of promoter activity by agents that damage DNA
33. Isolation, characterization and chromosomal localization of the human GADD153 gene
34. DNA binding specificity of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein transcription factor family
35. Structural analysis of DNA recognition by the AML1/Runx-1 Runt domain and its allosteric control by CBFβ
36. Mechanism of c-Myb-C/EBPβ cooperation from separated sites on a promoter
37. Dimerization specificity of the leucine zipper-containing bZIP motif on DNA binding: Prediction and rational design
38. Identification of C/EBP basic region residues involved in DNA sequence recognition and half-site spacing preference
39. Stress-induced binding of the transcriptional factor CHOP to a novel DNA control element
40. CRP2 (C/EBPβ) contains a bipartite regulatory domain that controls transcriptional activation, DNA binding and cell specificity
41. Three levels of functional interaction determine the activity of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α on the serum albumin promoter
42. Identification of transcriptional activation and repression domains in human CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε
43. A short conserved motif is required for repressor domain function in the myeloid-specific transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ε
44. Structural and functional studies of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε
45. Ig/EBP (C/EBPγ) is a transdominant negative inhibitor of C/EBP family of transcriptional activators
46. Novel mechanism of C/EBPβ (NF-M) transcriptional control: Activation through derepression
47. An "attenuator domain" is sandwiched by two distinct transactivation domains in the transcription factor C/EBP
48. A liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein, LAP, and a transcriptional inhibitory protein. LIP, are translated from the same mRNA
49. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein mRNA is translated into multiple proteins with different transcription activation potentials
50. A 30 kDa alternative translation product of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α message: Transcriptional activator lacking antimitotic activity
51. C/EBPα regulates generation of C/EBPβ isoforms through activation of specific proteolytic cleavage
52. The role of C/EBPε in the terminal stages of granulocyte differentiation
53. The two C/EBP isoforms, IL-6DBP/NF-IL6 and C/EBPδ/NF-IL6β, are induced by IL-6 to promote acute phase gene transcription via different mechanisms
54. The p50 subunit of NF-κB associates with the NF-IL6 transcription factor
55. C/ATF, a member of the activating transcription factor family of DNA-binding proteins, dimerizes with CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins and directs their binding to cAMP response elements
56. Fos and Jun repress transcriptional activation by NF-IL6 through association at the basic zipper region
57. Biological role of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family of transcription factors
58. The C/EDP family of transcription factors
59. Disruption of the C/EBPα gene in adult mouse liver
60. Regulation of C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and hemopexin gene expression
61. Impaired energy homeostasis in C/EBPα knockout mice
62. The role of C/EDP in nutrient and hormonal regulation of gene expression
63. Hypoglycemia-associated hyperammonemia caused by impaired expression of ornithine cycle enzyme genes in C/EBPα knockout mice
64. Serum amyloid A gene expression under acute-phase conditions involves participation of inducible C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ and their activation by phosphorylation
65. The role of C/EDP genes in adipocyte differentiation
66. Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis
67. Role of CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) in adipocyte differentiation
68. Regulation of leptin promoter function by Sp1, C/EBP, and a novel factor
69. Transcriptional activation of the mouse obese (ob) gene by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α
70. Modulation of the murine peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor γ2 promoter activity by CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins
71. The role of C/EDP isoforms in the control of inflammatory and native immunity functions
72. Impaired granulopoiesis, myelodysplasia and early lethality in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ε-deficient mice
73. C/EDP-related protein 2 confers lipopolysaccharide-inducible expression of interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 to lymphoblastic cell line
74. C/EDPε is a myeloid-specific activator of cytokine, chemokine, and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor receptor genes
75. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein activates the CD14 promoter and mediates transforming growth factor β signaling in monocyte development
76. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA in macrophages is biphasic and requires both CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and C/EBPδ transcription factors
77. Absence of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signaling and neutrophil development in CCAAT enhancer binding protein-α-deficient mice
78. Upregulation of interleukin 6 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptors by transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is critical for granulopoiesis
79. Myeloid transcription factor C/EBPε is involved in the positive regulation of lactoferrin gene expression in neutrophils
80. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ε is critical for effective neutrophil-mediated response to inflammatory challenge
81. Macrophage functional maturation and cytokine production are impaired in C/EBPε-deficient mice
82. Increased hepatic cell proliferation and lung abnormalities in mice deficient in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α
83. C/EBPα and C/EBPδ activate the clara cell secretory protein gene through interaction with two adjacent C/EBPbinding sites
84. Mice lacking CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α show hyperproliferation of alveolar type II cells and increased sudactant protein mRNAs
85. C/EBPβ modulates the early events of keratinocyte differentiation involving growth arrest and keratin 1 and keratin 10 expression
86. The C/EBPβ transcription factor regulates epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in the mammary gland
87. C/EBPβ, but not C/EBPα, is essential for ductal morphogenesis, lubuloalveolar proliferation, and functional differentiation in the mouse mammary gland
88. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gene promoter: Binding of nuclear factors during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
89. Induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ during the conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipocytes is mediated by C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ and glucocorticoids
90. Ectopic expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α promotes the adipogenic program in a variety of mouse bbrobiastic cells
91. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α is sufficient to initiate the 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation program
92. Cascade regulation of terminal adipocyte differentiation by three members of the C/EDP family of leucine zipper proteins
93. Antisense CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein RNA suppresses coordinate gene expression and triglyceride accumulation during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
94. Defective adipocyte differentiation in mice lacking the C/EBPβ and/or C/EBPδ gene
95. C/EBPα is required for differentiation of white, but not brown, adipose tissue
96. Cross-regulation of C/EBPα and PPARγ controls the transcriptional pathway of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity
97. C/EBPα induces adipogenesis through PPARγ: A unified pathway
98. A novel temporal expression pattern of three C/EBP family members in differentiating myelomonocytic cells
99. A novel, myeloid transcription factor, C/EBPε, is upregulated during granulocytic, but not monocytic, differentiation
100. Macrophage differentiation-specific expression of NF-IL6, transcription factor for IL-6
101. Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency results from a novel mutation with loss of function of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ε
102. Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency: Homozygous recessive inheritance of a frameshift mutation in the gene encoding transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-ε
103. Targeted disruption of the NF-IL6 gene discloses its essential role in bacterial killing and tumor cytotoxicity by macrophages
104. Lymphoproliferative disorder and imbalanced T-helper response in C/EBPβ-deficient mice
105. An essential role for C/EBPβ in female reproduction
106. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β plays a regulatory role in differentiation and apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells
107. Cell lineage-specific and differentiation-dependent patterns of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α in the gut epithelium of normal and transgenic mice
108. Hepatocytes deficient in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) exhibit both hepatocyte and biliary epithelial cell character
109. Is CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein a central regulator of energy metabolism?
110. Hypoglycemia and impaired hepatic glucose production in mice with a deletion of the C/EBPβ gene
111. Mice with a deletion in the gene for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β have an attenuated response to cAMP and impaired carbohydrate metabolism
112. Differential expression of three C/EBP isoforms in multiple tissues during the acute phase response
113. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the transcription factors C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in astrocytes
114. Differential regulation of macrophage CCAAT-enhancer binding protein isoforms by lipopolysaccharide and cytokines
115. Stimulus- and cell-type-specific regulation of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein isoforms in glomerular mesangial cells by lipopolysaccharide and cytokines
116. Inhibition of cell proliferation by C/EBPα occurs in many cell types, does not required the presence of p53 or Rb and is not affected by the large T antigen
117. Dominant-negative mutations of CEBPA, encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), in acute myeloid leukaemia
118. McBindall - A better name for CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins?
119. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α regulates p21 protein and hepatocyte proliferation in newborn mice
120. Retinoblastoma protein positively regulates terminal differentiation through direct interaction with C/EBPs
121. C/EBPα regulates formation of S-phase-specific E2F-p107 complexes in livers of newborn mice
122. C/EBPα arrests cell proliferation through direct inhibition of cdk2 and cdk4
123. C/EBPα triggers proteasome-dependent degradation of cdk4 during growth arrest
124. CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β is required for normal hepatocyte proliferation in mice after padial hepatectomy
125. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β is a mediator of keratinocyte survival and skin tumorigenesis involving oncogenic ras signalling
126. Phosphorylation of rat serine 105 or mouse threonine 217 in C/EBPβ is required for hepatocyte proliferation induced by TGFα
127. C/EBPβ phosphorylation by RSK creates a functional XEXD caspase inhibitory box critical for cell survival
128. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β is a neuronal transcriptional regulator activated by nerve growth factor receptor signaling
129. 2+/calmodulin kinases activation in hippocampal neurons
130. Fornix-dependent induction of hippocampal CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β and δ co-localizes with phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein and accompanies long-term memory consolidation
131. Selectively enhanced contextual fear conditioning in mice lacking the transcriptional regulator CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ
132. Stress-induced phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) by p38 MAP kinase
133. CHOP is implicated in programmed cell death in response to impaired function of the endoplasmic reticulum
134. Nitric-oxide-induced apoptosis in pancreatic β cells is mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
135. Targeted disruption of the Chop gene delays endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated diabetes
136. Fusion of CHOP to a novel RNA-binding protein in human myxoid liposarcoma
137. Fusion of the dominant negative transcription regulator CHOP with a novel gene FUS by translocation t(12;16) in malignant liposarcoma
138. 1/S arrest
139. Impairment of natural killer cytotoxic activity and interferon γ production in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein γ-deficient mice
140. Glucocorticoids reciprocally regulate expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and δ genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and white adipose tissue
141. The DNA binding activity of C/EBP transcription factor is regulated in the G1 phase of the hepatocyte cell cycle
142. Transcriptional repression of the C/EBPα and GLUT4 genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by tumor necrosis factor-α. Regulation is coordinate and independent of protein synthesis
143. Regulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) gene expression by thiazolinediones in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
144. Phosphorylation of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein by protein kinase C attenuates site-selective DNA binding
145. Vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, and noradrenaline induce the transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-β and C/EBPδ in mouse cortical astrocytes: Involvement in cAMP-regulated glycogen metabolism
146. Induction of C/EBPβ gene by dexamethasone and glucagon in primary-cultured rat hepatocytes
147. Early responses of trans-activating factors to growth hormone in preadipocytes: Differential regulation of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) and C/EBPδ
148. Turnout necrosis factor α promotes nuclear localization of cytokine-inducible CCAAT/enhancer binding protein isoforms in hepatocytes
149. cAMP stimulates the C/EBP related transcription factor rNF-IL-6 to trans-locate to the nucleus and induce c-fos transcription
150. Nuclear export of phosphorylated C/EBPβ mediates the inhibition of albumin expression by TNF-α
151. Calcium-regulated phosphorylation within the leucine zipper of C/EBPβ
152. Phosphorylation at threonine-235 by a ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is essential for transcription factor NF-IL6
153. Transcativation by NF-JLC/LAP is enhanced by phosphorylation of its activation domain
154. Regulated nuclear-cytoplasmic localization of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ in osteoblasts
155. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ε is a potential retinoid target gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia treatment
156. Induction of the mammalian stress response gene GADD153 by oxidative stress: Role of AP-1 element
157. CHOP/GADD153 gene expression response to cellular stresses inhibited by prior exposure to ultraviolet light wavelength band C (UVC). Inhibitory sequence mediating the UVC response localized to exon 1
158. Induction of GADD153, a CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-related gene, during the acute phase response in rats. Evidence for the involvement of C/EBPs in regulating its expression
159. Complexes containing activating transcription factor (ATF)/cAMP-responsive-element-binding protein (CREB) interact with the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)/ATF composite site to regulate GADD153 expression during the stress response
160. Amino acid limitation induces expression of CHOP, a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-related gene, at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels
161. Amino acids control mammalian gene transcription: Activating transcription factor 2 is essential for the amino acid responsiveness of the CHOP promoter
162. Amino acid regulation of gene expression
163. CHOP gene expression in response to endoplasmic reticular stress requires NFY interaction with different domains of a conserved DNA binding element
164. Analysis of the Xenopus laevis CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α gene promoter demonstrates species-specific differences in the mechanisms for both autoactivation and regulation by Sp1
165. Molecular characterization of the Xenopus CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β gene promoter
166. Autoregulation of the human C/EBPα gene by stimulation of upstream stimulating factor binding
167. High level activity of the mouse CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) gene promoter involves autoregulation and several ubiquitoes transcription factors
168. Characterization of the promoter region of the rat CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α gene and regulation by thyroid hormone in rat immortalized brown adipocytes
169. Myc inhibits CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α gene expression in HIB-1B hibernoma cells through interactions with the core promoter regions
170. c-myc represses transcription in vivo by a novel mechanism dependent on the initiator dement and myc box II
171. Autoregulated induction of the acute-phase response transcription factor gene, agp/ebp
172. Autoregulation enables different pathways to control CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) transcription
173. The v-myb oncoprotein activates C/EBPβ expression by stimulating an autoregulatory loop at the C/EBPβ promoter
174. CREB controls LAP/C/EBPβ transcription
175. Interleukin-6-induced tethering of STAT3 to the LAP/C/EBPβ promoter suggests a new mechanism of transcriptional regulation by STAT3
176. Transcription of a minimal promoter from the NF-IL6 gene is regulated by CREB/ATF and Sp1 proteins in U937 promonocytic cells
177. Runt domain factor (Runx)-dependent effects on CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ expression and activity in osteoblasts
178. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activates CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-δ gene transcription in G0 growth-arrested mouse mammary epithelial cells and in involuting mouse mammary gland
179. Expression of the genes encoding CCAAT-enhancer binding protein isoforms in the mouse mammary gland during lactation and involution
180. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ gene expression is mediated by APRF/STAT3
181. Interleukin-6-specific activation of the C/EBPδ gene in hepatocytes is mediated by Stat3 and Sp1
182. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ gene expression is mediated through downstream binding sites
183. Transcriptional regulation of C/EBPδ in G(0) growth-arrested mouse mammary epithelial cells
184. Induction of the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) by amino acid deprivation requires insulin-like growth factor I, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and mammalian target of rapamycin signalling
185. A role for CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β-liver-enriched inhibitory protein in mammary epithelial cell proliferation
186. Translation start site multiplicity of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α mRNA is dictated by a small 5′ open reading frame
187. Inhibition of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α and β translation by upstream open reading frames
188. Insulin suppresses transactivation by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ)
189. Protein kinase A and C site-specific phosphorylations of LAP (NF-IL6) modulates its binding affinity to DNA recognition elements
190. Antioxidant-induced nuclear translocation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β. A critical role for protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of Ser299
191. Autocrine signals control CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β expression, localization, and activity in macrophages
192. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 is an insulin-regulated C/EBPα kinase
193. Activation and centromeric localization of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins during the mitotic clonal expansion of adipocyte differentiation
194. Role of C/EDP homologous protein (CHOP-10) in the programmed activation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β during adipogenesis
195. Inhibition of adipogenesis by the stress-induced protein CHOP (GADD153)
196. Repression of transcription mediated by dual elements in the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α gene
197. Derepression of the C/EBPα gene during adipogenesis: Identification of AP-2α as a repressor
198. Sequential repression and activation of the CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) gene during adipogenesis
199. Repressive effect of Sp1 on the C/EBPα gene promoter: Role in adipocyte differentiation
200. Tumor necrosis factor-induced reversal of adipocytic phenotype of 3T3-L1 cells is preceded by a loss of nuclear CCAAT/enhancer binding protein C/EBP
201. Retinoic acid blocks adipogenesis by blocking C/EBPβ-mediated transcription
202. Translational induction of liver-enriched transcriptional inhibitory protein during acute phase response leads to repression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α mRNA
203. CUG repeat binding protein (CUGBP1) interacts with the 5′ region of C/EBPβ mRNA and regulates translation of C/EBPβ isoforms
204. Generation of truncated C/EBPβ isoforms by in vitro proteolysis
205. Location analysis of DNA-bound proteins at the whole-genome level: Untangling transcriptional regulatory networks