메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 7, 2018, Pages 440-452

Urbanization and the gut microbiota in health and inflammatory bowel disease

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RNA 16S; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 85045653616     PISSN: 17595045     EISSN: 17595053     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0003-z     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (201)

References (245)
  • 1
    • 80052236883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global obesity pandemic: Shaped by global drivers and local environments
    • Swinburn, B. A. et al. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet 378, 804-814 (2011).
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 804-814
    • Swinburn, B.A.1
  • 2
    • 84996560225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Globalisation of inflammatory bowel disease: Perspectives from the evolution of inflammatory bowel disease in the UK and China
    • Kaplan, G. G. & Ng, S. C. Globalisation of inflammatory bowel disease: perspectives from the evolution of inflammatory bowel disease in the UK and China. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1, 307-316 (2016).
    • (2016) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , vol.1 , pp. 307-316
    • Kaplan, G.G.1    Ng, S.C.2
  • 3
    • 84931589238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Southern Asia: A systematic analysis
    • Cheema, A., Adeloye, D., Sidhu, S., Sridhar, D. & Chan, K. Y. Urbanization and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Southern Asia: a systematic analysis. J. Glob. Health 4, 010404 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Glob. Health , vol.4 , pp. 010404
    • Cheema, A.1    Adeloye, D.2    Sidhu, S.3    Sridhar, D.4    Chan, K.Y.5
  • 4
    • 57049088523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of urbanization in relation to chronic diseases in developing countries: A systematic review
    • Allender, S., Foster, C., Hutchinson, L. & Arambepola, C. Quantification of urbanization in relation to chronic diseases in developing countries: a systematic review. J. Urban Health-Bull. New York Acad. Med. 85, 938-951 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Urban Health-Bull. New York Acad. Med. , vol.85 , pp. 938-951
    • Allender, S.1    Foster, C.2    Hutchinson, L.3    Arambepola, C.4
  • 8
    • 84858439578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human microbiome: At the interface of health and disease
    • Cho, I. & Blaser, M. J. The human microbiome: at the interface of health and disease. Nat. Rev. Genet. 13, 260-270 (2012).
    • (2012) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.13 , pp. 260-270
    • Cho, I.1    Blaser, M.J.2
  • 9
    • 0026432216 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel-disease
    • Podolsky, D. K. Inflammatory bowel-disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 325, 928-937 (1991).
    • (1991) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.325 , pp. 928-937
    • Podolsky, D.K.1
  • 11
    • 0033981670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Sands, B. E. Therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 118, S68-S82 (2000).
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118 , pp. S68-S82
    • Sands, B.E.1
  • 12
    • 83755219473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review
    • Molodecky, N. A. et al. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology 142, 46-54 (2012).
    • (2012) Gastroenterology , vol.142 , pp. 46-54
    • Molodecky, N.A.1
  • 13
    • 84868514758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease: A Canadian burden of illness review
    • Rocchi, A. et al. Inflammatory bowel disease: a Canadian burden of illness review. Can. J. Gastroenterol. 26, 811-817 (2012).
    • (2012) Can. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.26 , pp. 811-817
    • Rocchi, A.1
  • 14
    • 85014370072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Faroese IBD study: Incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases across 54 years of population-based data
    • Hammer, T., Nielsen, K. R., Munkholm, P., Burisch, J. & Lynge, E. The Faroese IBD study: incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases across 54 years of population-based data. J. Crohns Colitis 10, 934-942 (2016).
    • (2016) J. Crohns Colitis , vol.10 , pp. 934-942
    • Hammer, T.1    Nielsen, K.R.2    Munkholm, P.3    Burisch, J.4    Lynge, E.5
  • 15
    • 84924444007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing age demographics of inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: A population-based cohort study of epidemiology trends
    • Benchimol, E. I. et al. Changing age demographics of inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: a population-based cohort study of epidemiology trends. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 20, (1761-1769 (2014).
    • (2014) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 1761-1769
    • Benchimol, E.I.1
  • 16
    • 84949091936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global burden of IBD: From 2015 to 2025
    • Kaplan, G. G. The global burden of IBD: from 2015 to 2025. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 12, 720-727 (2015).
    • (2015) Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , vol.12 , pp. 720-727
    • Kaplan, G.G.1
  • 17
    • 70350221893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: Evidence from health administrative data
    • Benchimol, E. I. et al. Increasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: evidence from health administrative data. Gut 58, (1490-1497 (2009).
    • (2009) Gut , vol.58 , pp. 1490-1497
    • Benchimol, E.I.1
  • 18
    • 85031499214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: A systematic review of population-based studies
    • Ng, S. C. et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet 390, 2769-2778 (2017).
    • (2017) Lancet , vol.390 , pp. 2769-2778
    • Ng, S.C.1
  • 19
    • 84879479335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease based on results from the Asia-Pacific Crohn's and colitis epidemiology study
    • Ng, S. C. et al. Incidence and phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease based on results from the Asia-Pacific Crohn's and colitis epidemiology study. Gastroenterology 145, 158-165.e2 (2013).
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.145 , pp. 158e2-165e2
    • Ng, S.C.1
  • 20
    • 84874652518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Ng, S. C. et al. Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 62, 630-649 (2013).
    • (2013) Gut , vol.62 , pp. 630-649
    • Ng, S.C.1
  • 21
    • 84909594698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: A comparison of Eastern and Western perspectives
    • Park, S. J., Kim, W. H. & Cheon, J. H. Clinical characteristics and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison of Eastern and Western perspectives. World J. Gastroenterol. 20, 11525-11537 (2014).
    • (2014) World J. Gastroenterol. , vol.20 , pp. 11525-11537
    • Park, S.J.1    Kim, W.H.2    Cheon, J.H.3
  • 22
    • 84923251444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging leadership lecture: Inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: Emergence of a "western" disease
    • Ng, S. C. Emerging leadership lecture: inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: emergence of a "Western" disease. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 30, 440-445 (2015).
    • (2015) J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , vol.30 , pp. 440-445
    • Ng, S.C.1
  • 23
    • 67651180688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease in Turkey a multicenter epidemiologic survey
    • Tozun, N. et al. Clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease in Turkey a multicenter epidemiologic survey. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 43, 51-57 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Clin. Gastroenterol. , vol.43 , pp. 51-57
    • Tozun, N.1
  • 24
    • 0035034523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical origins of current IBD concepts
    • Kirsner, J. B. Historical origins of current IBD concepts. World J. Gastroenterol. 7, 175-184 (2001).
    • (2001) World J. Gastroenterol. , vol.7 , pp. 175-184
    • Kirsner, J.B.1
  • 26
    • 84861329106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between urban environment and the inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Soon, S. et al. The relationship between urban environment and the inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 12, 51 (2012).
    • (2012) BMC Gastroenterol. , vol.12 , pp. 51
    • Soon, S.1
  • 27
    • 84927799698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease in immigrants to Canada and their children: A population-based cohort study
    • Benchimol, E. I. et al. Inflammatory bowel disease in immigrants to Canada and their children: a population-based cohort study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 110, 553-563 (2015).
    • (2015) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.110 , pp. 553-563
    • Benchimol, E.I.1
  • 28
    • 85042308462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dramatic increase in incidence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (1988-2011): A population-based study of French adolescents
    • Ghione, S. et al. Dramatic increase in incidence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (1988-2011): a population-based study of French adolescents. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 113, 265-272 (2018).
    • (2018) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.113 , pp. 265-272
    • Ghione, S.1
  • 29
    • 85006063423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing epidemiological trends of inflammatory bowel disease inAsia
    • Ng, W. K., Wong, S. H. & Ng, S. C. Changing epidemiological trends of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia. Intestinal Res. 14, 111-119 (2016).
    • (2016) Intestinal Res. , vol.14 , pp. 111-119
    • Ng, W.K.1    Wong, S.H.2    Ng, S.C.3
  • 30
    • 84934936350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based case-control study in Asia-Pacific
    • Ng, S. C. et al. Environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based case-control study in Asia-Pacific. Gut 64, 1063-1071 (2015).
    • (2015) Gut , vol.64 , pp. 1063-1071
    • Ng, S.C.1
  • 31
    • 85007508333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles for intestinal bacteria, viruses, and fungi in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and therapeutic approaches
    • Sartor, R. B. & Wu, G. D. Roles for intestinal bacteria, viruses, and fungi in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and therapeutic approaches. Gastroenterology 152, 327-339.e4 (2017).
    • (2017) Gastroenterology , vol.152 , pp. 327e4-339e4
    • Sartor, R.B.1    Wu, G.D.2
  • 32
    • 84868336049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Jostins, L. et al. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 491, 119-124 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.491 , pp. 119-124
    • Jostins, L.1
  • 33
    • 84902292435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic studies of Crohn's disease: Past, present and future
    • Liu, J. Z. & Anderson, C. A. Genetic studies of Crohn's disease: past, present and future. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 28, 373-386 (2014).
    • (2014) Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. , vol.28 , pp. 373-386
    • Liu, J.Z.1    Anderson, C.A.2
  • 34
    • 84940771118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association analyses identify 38 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease and highlight shared genetic risk across populations
    • Liu, J. Z. et al. Association analyses identify 38 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease and highlight shared genetic risk across populations. Nat. Genet. 47, 979-986 (2015).
    • (2015) Nat. Genet. , vol.47 , pp. 979-986
    • Liu, J.Z.1
  • 35
    • 84952700582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing landscape of inflammatory bowel disease: East meets West
    • Kaplan, G. G. & Jess, T. The changing landscape of inflammatory bowel disease: East meets West. Gastroenterology 150, 24-26 (2016).
    • (2016) Gastroenterology , vol.150 , pp. 24-26
    • Kaplan, G.G.1    Jess, T.2
  • 36
    • 84861328957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Ng, S. C. et al. Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 18, 1164-1176 (2012).
    • (2012) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 1164-1176
    • Ng, S.C.1
  • 37
    • 84898809123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: Current status and the future ahead
    • Kostic, A. D., Xavier, R. J. & Gevers, D. The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and the future ahead. Gastroenterology 146, 1489-1499 (2014).
    • (2014) Gastroenterology , vol.146 , pp. 1489-1499
    • Kostic, A.D.1    Xavier, R.J.2    Gevers, D.3
  • 38
    • 84943738024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immuno-ecology: How the microbiome regulates tolerance and autoimmunity
    • Paun, A. & Danska, J. S. Immuno-ecology: how the microbiome regulates tolerance and autoimmunity. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 37, 34-39 (2015).
    • (2015) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.37 , pp. 34-39
    • Paun, A.1    Danska, J.S.2
  • 39
    • 84897138296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation
    • Belkaid, Y. & Hand, T. W. Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell 157, 121-141 (2014).
    • (2014) Cell , vol.157 , pp. 121-141
    • Belkaid, Y.1    Hand, T.W.2
  • 40
    • 84965002935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system
    • Gensollen, T., Iyer, S. S., Kasper, D. L. & Blumberg, R. S. How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system. Science 352, 539-544 (2016).
    • (2016) Science , vol.352 , pp. 539-544
    • Gensollen, T.1    Iyer, S.S.2    Kasper, D.L.3    Blumberg, R.S.4
  • 41
    • 82255186408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emigration to western industrialized countries: A risk factor for developing inflammatory bowel disease
    • Barreiro-de Acosta, M. et al. Emigration to western industrialized countries: a risk factor for developing inflammatory bowel disease. J. Crohns Colitis 5, 566-569 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Crohns Colitis , vol.5 , pp. 566-569
    • Barreiro-De Acosta, M.1
  • 42
    • 0026544789 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic-study of ulcerative proctocolitis in Indian migrants and the indigenous population of Leicestershire
    • Probert, C. S. J., Jayanthi, V., Pinder, D., Wicks, A. C. & Mayberry, J. F. Epidemiologic-study of ulcerative proctocolitis in Indian migrants and the indigenous population of Leicestershire. Gut 33, 687-693 (1992).
    • (1992) Gut , vol.33 , pp. 687-693
    • Probert, C.S.J.1    Jayanthi, V.2    Pinder, D.3    Wicks, A.C.4    Mayberry, J.F.5
  • 43
    • 77957075815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and ruralAfrica
    • De Filippo, C. et al. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 14691-14696 (2010).
    • (2010) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.107 , pp. 14691-14696
    • De Filippo, C.1
  • 44
    • 84923080032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers
    • Schnorr, S. L. et al. Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers. Nat. Commun. 5, 3654 (2014).
    • (2014) Nat. Commun. , vol.5 , pp. 3654
    • Schnorr, S.L.1
  • 45
    • 84862141704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
    • Yatsunenko, T. et al. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature 486, 222-227 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.486 , pp. 222-227
    • Yatsunenko, T.1
  • 46
    • 84928587108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gut microbiota of rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, diversity patterns, and ecological processes
    • Martinez, I. et al. The gut microbiota of rural Papua New Guineans: composition, diversity patterns, and ecological processes. Cell Rep. 11, 527-538 (2015).
    • (2015) Cell Rep. , vol.11 , pp. 527-538
    • Martinez, I.1
  • 47
    • 85049147880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct microbiotas are present in urban and rural native South Africans, and in African Americans
    • Zoetendal, E. G. et al. Distinct microbiotas are present in urban and rural native South Africans, and in African Americans. Gastroenterology 144, S347-S347 (2013).
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.144 , pp. S347-S347
    • Zoetendal, E.G.1
  • 48
    • 0024510314 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of faecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan
    • Benno, Y. et al. Comparison of faecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 1100-1105 (1989).
    • (1989) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.55 , pp. 1100-1105
    • Benno, Y.1
  • 49
    • 84891604596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity of intestinal microbiota of Mongolians living in Inner Mongolia, China
    • Zhang, J. et al. The diversity of intestinal microbiota of Mongolians living in Inner Mongolia, China. Benef. Microbes 4, 319-328 (2013).
    • (2013) Benef. Microbes , vol.4 , pp. 319-328
    • Zhang, J.1
  • 50
    • 84884238541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia
    • Tyakht, A. V. et al. Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia. Nat. Commun. 4, 2469 (2013).
    • (2013) Nat. Commun. , vol.4 , pp. 2469
    • Tyakht, A.V.1
  • 51
    • 85027927719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome
    • Arumugam, M. et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 473, 174-180 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.473 , pp. 174-180
    • Arumugam, M.1
  • 52
    • 0141891108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity, diet, and poverty: Trends in the Russian transition to market economy
    • Jahns, L., Baturin, A. & Popkin, B. M. Obesity, diet, and poverty: trends in the Russian transition to market economy. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 57, 1295-1302 (2003).
    • (2003) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.57 , pp. 1295-1302
    • Jahns, L.1    Baturin, A.2    Popkin, B.M.3
  • 54
    • 85026406060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The theory of disappearing microbiota and the epidemics of chronic diseases
    • Blaser, M. J. The theory of disappearing microbiota and the epidemics of chronic diseases. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 17, 461-463 (2017).
    • (2017) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.17 , pp. 461-463
    • Blaser, M.J.1
  • 55
    • 84861992014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of ecological theory toward an understanding of the human microbiome
    • Costello, E. K., Stagaman, K., Dethlefsen, L., Bohannan, B. J. M. & Relman, D. A. The application of ecological theory toward an understanding of the human microbiome. Science 336, 1255-1262 (2012).
    • (2012) Science , vol.336 , pp. 1255-1262
    • Costello, E.K.1    Stagaman, K.2    Dethlefsen, L.3    Bohannan, B.J.M.4    Relman, D.A.5
  • 56
    • 35348961403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human-microbe mutualism and disease
    • Dethlefsen, L., McFall-Ngai, M. & Relman, D. A. An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human-microbe mutualism and disease. Nature 449, 811-818 (2007).
    • (2007) Nature , vol.449 , pp. 811-818
    • Dethlefsen, L.1    McFall-Ngai, M.2    Relman, D.A.3
  • 57
    • 84889561670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Please pass the microbes
    • Leach, J. Please pass the microbes. Nature 504, 33-33 (2013).
    • (2013) Nature , vol.504 , pp. 33
    • Leach, J.1
  • 58
    • 84861330675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking metacommunity theory and symbiont evolutionary ecology
    • Mihaljevic, J. R. Linking metacommunity theory and symbiont evolutionary ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 27, 323-329 (2012).
    • (2012) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.27 , pp. 323-329
    • Mihaljevic, J.R.1
  • 59
    • 84884520264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns and processes of microbial community assembly
    • Nemergut, D. R. et al. Patterns and processes of microbial community assembly. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 77, 342-356 (2013).
    • (2013) Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. , vol.77 , pp. 342-356
    • Nemergut, D.R.1
  • 60
    • 84880298131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using null models to disentangle variation in community dissimilarity from variation in alpha-diversity
    • Chase, J. M., Kraft, N. J. B., Smith, K. G., Vellend, M. & Inouye, B. D. Using null models to disentangle variation in community dissimilarity from variation in alpha-diversity. Ecosphere 2, 24 (2011).
    • (2011) Ecosphere , vol.2 , pp. 24
    • Chase, J.M.1    Kraft, N.J.B.2    Smith, K.G.3    Vellend, M.4    Inouye, B.D.5
  • 61
    • 84865345637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic and deterministic assembly processes in subsurface microbial communities
    • Stegen, J. C., Lin, X. J., Konopka, A. E. & Fredrickson, J. K. Stochastic and deterministic assembly processes in subsurface microbial communities. ISME J. 6, 1653-1664 (2012).
    • (2012) ISME J. , vol.6 , pp. 1653-1664
    • Stegen, J.C.1    Lin, X.J.2    Konopka, A.E.3    Fredrickson, J.K.4
  • 63
    • 84996584385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians
    • Clemente, J. C. et al. The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians. Sci. Adv. 1, e1500183 (2015).
    • (2015) Sci. Adv. , vol.1 , pp. e1500183
    • Clemente, J.C.1
  • 64
    • 84859789374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cesarean section and offspring's risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A national cohort study
    • Bager, P., Simonsen, J., Nielsen, N. M. & Frisch, M. Cesarean section and offspring's risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a national cohort study. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 18, 857-862 (2012).
    • (2012) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 857-862
    • Bager, P.1    Simonsen, J.2    Nielsen, N.M.3    Frisch, M.4
  • 65
    • 84903638258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cesarean delivery and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Li, Y. et al. Cesarean delivery and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 49, 834-844 (2014).
    • (2014) Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.49 , pp. 834-844
    • Li, Y.1
  • 66
    • 15444371238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breastfeeding and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis(1-3)
    • Klement, E., Cohen, R. V., Boxman, J., Joseph, A. & Reif, S. Breastfeeding and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis(1-3). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80, 1342-1352 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 1342-1352
    • Klement, E.1    Cohen, R.V.2    Boxman, J.3    Joseph, A.4    Reif, S.5
  • 67
    • 84978531660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: Evidence based literature review
    • Abegunde, A. T., Muhammad, B. H., Bhatti, O. & Ali, T. Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: evidence based literature review. World J. Gastroenterol. 22, 6296-6317 (2016).
    • (2016) World J. Gastroenterol. , vol.22 , pp. 6296-6317
    • Abegunde, A.T.1    Muhammad, B.H.2    Bhatti, O.3    Ali, T.4
  • 68
    • 59849129867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease and early exposure to domestic refrigeration
    • Malekzadeh, F. et al. Crohn's disease and early exposure to domestic refrigeration. PLoS ONE 4, e4288 (2009).
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4 , pp. e4288
    • Malekzadeh, F.1
  • 69
    • 39049187390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease: The cold chain hypothesis
    • Forbes, A. & Kalantzis, T. Crohn's disease: the cold chain hypothesis. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 21, 399-401 (2006).
    • (2006) Int. J. Colorectal Dis. , vol.21 , pp. 399-401
    • Forbes, A.1    Kalantzis, T.2
  • 70
    • 15444376177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past and current theories of etiology of IBD - Toothpaste, worms, and refrigerators
    • Korzenik, J. R. Past and current theories of etiology of IBD - toothpaste, worms, and refrigerators. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 39, S59-S65 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Gastroenterol. , vol.39 , pp. S59-S65
    • Korzenik, J.R.1
  • 71
    • 85008684245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse association between poor oral health and inflammatory bowel diseases
    • Yin, W. Y. et al. Inverse association between poor oral health and inflammatory bowel diseases. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15, 525-531 (2017).
    • (2017) Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , vol.15 , pp. 525-531
    • Yin, W.Y.1
  • 72
    • 85032492045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectopic colonization of oral bacteria in the intestine drives TH1 cell induction and inflammation
    • Atarashi, K. et al. Ectopic colonization of oral bacteria in the intestine drives TH1 cell induction and inflammation. Science 358, 359-365 (2017).
    • (2017) Science , vol.358 , pp. 359-365
    • Atarashi, K.1
  • 73
    • 0025011998 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis revisited: Toothpaste and the cause of Crohn's disease
    • Sullivan, S. N. Hypothesis revisited: toothpaste and the cause of Crohn's disease. Lancet 336, 1096-1097 (1990).
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 1096-1097
    • Sullivan, S.N.1
  • 74
    • 84898771147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and the intestinal microbiome: Associations, functions, and implications for health and disease
    • Albenberg, L. G. & Wu, G. D. Diet and the intestinal microbiome: associations, functions, and implications for health and disease. Gastroenterology 146, 1564-1572 (2014).
    • (2014) Gastroenterology , vol.146 , pp. 1564-1572
    • Albenberg, L.G.1    Wu, G.D.2
  • 75
    • 46249085739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes
    • Ley, R. E. et al. Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science 320, 1647-1651 (2008).
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1647-1651
    • Ley, R.E.1
  • 76
    • 84953357157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity risk in rural, urban and rural-to-urban migrants: Prospective results of the PERU MIGRANT study
    • Carrillo-Larco, R. M. et al. Obesity risk in rural, urban and rural-to-urban migrants: prospective results of the PERU MIGRANT study. Int. J. Obes. 40, 181-185 (2016).
    • (2016) Int. J. Obes. , vol.40 , pp. 181-185
    • Carrillo-Larco, R.M.1
  • 77
    • 84919795588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health
    • Conlon, M. A. & Bird, A. R. The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health. Nutrients 7, 17-44 (2015).
    • (2015) Nutrients , vol.7 , pp. 17-44
    • Conlon, M.A.1    Bird, A.R.2
  • 78
    • 84953889373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. Coli infection and intestinal inflammation
    • Agus, A. et al. Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation. Sci. Rep. 6, 19032 (2016).
    • (2016) Sci. Rep. , vol.6 , pp. 19032
    • Agus, A.1
  • 79
    • 41849127118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome
    • Turnbaugh, P. J., Baeckhed, F., Fulton, L. & Gordon, J. I. Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome. Cell Host Microbe 3, 213-223 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell Host Microbe , vol.3 , pp. 213-223
    • Turnbaugh, P.J.1    Baeckhed, F.2    Fulton, L.3    Gordon, J.I.4
  • 80
    • 85041124000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western diet triggers NLRP3-dependent innate immune reprogramming
    • Christ, A. et al. Western diet triggers NLRP3-dependent innate immune reprogramming. Cell 172, 162-175.e14 (2018).
    • (2018) Cell , vol.172 , pp. 162e14-175e14
    • Christ, A.1
  • 81
    • 85026518404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of Western diet and nutrients on the microbiota and immune response at mucosal interfaces
    • Statovci, D., Aguilera, M., MacSharry, J. & Melgar, S. The impact of Western diet and nutrients on the microbiota and immune response at mucosal interfaces. Front. Immunol. 8, 838 (2017).
    • (2017) Front. Immunol. , vol.8 , pp. 838
    • Statovci, D.1    Aguilera, M.2    MacSharry, J.3    Melgar, S.4
  • 82
    • 80053618114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes
    • Wu, G. D. et al. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science 334, 105-108 (2011).
    • (2011) Science , vol.334 , pp. 105-108
    • Wu, G.D.1
  • 83
    • 79956301905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet drives convergence in gut microbiome functions across mammalian phylogeny and within humans
    • Muegge, B. D. et al. Diet drives convergence in gut microbiome functions across mammalian phylogeny and within humans. Science 332, 970-974 (2011).
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , pp. 970-974
    • Muegge, B.D.1
  • 84
    • 84892828465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome
    • David, L. A. et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature 505, 559-563 (2014).
    • (2014) Nature , vol.505 , pp. 559-563
    • David, L.A.1
  • 85
    • 84925708427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subsistence strategies in traditional societies distinguish gut microbiomes
    • Obregon-Tito, A. J. et al. Subsistence strategies in traditional societies distinguish gut microbiomes. Nat. Commun. 6, 6505 (2015).
    • (2015) Nat. Commun. , vol.6 , pp. 6505
    • Obregon-Tito, A.J.1
  • 86
    • 84961226434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal microbiota sustains inflammation and autoimmunity induced by hypomorphic RAG defects
    • Rigoni, R. et al. Intestinal microbiota sustains inflammation and autoimmunity induced by hypomorphic RAG defects. J. Exp. Med. 213, 355-375 (2016).
    • (2016) J. Exp. Med. , vol.213 , pp. 355-375
    • Rigoni, R.1
  • 87
    • 84859795928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli isolated from pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Negroni, A. et al. Characterization of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli isolated from pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 18, 913-924 (2012).
    • (2012) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 913-924
    • Negroni, A.1
  • 88
    • 84966389739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrageenan gum and Adherent Invasive Escherichia coli in a piglet model of inflammatory bowel disease: Impact on intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota
    • Munyaka, P. M., Sepehri, S., Ghia, J. E. & Khafipour, E. Carrageenan gum and Adherent Invasive Escherichia coli in a piglet model of inflammatory bowel disease: impact on intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota. Front. Microbiol 7, 462 (2016).
    • (2016) Front. Microbiol , vol.7 , pp. 462
    • Munyaka, P.M.1    Sepehri, S.2    Ghia, J.E.3    Khafipour, E.4
  • 89
    • 35348982432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Rolhion, N. & Darfeuille-Michaud, A. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 13, 1277-1283 (2007).
    • (2007) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 1277-1283
    • Rolhion, N.1    Darfeuille-Michaud, A.2
  • 90
    • 85049150273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative genomics of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) associated with Crohn's disease
    • Simpson, K., Dogan, B., Bitar, P. P., Schukken, Y. & Stanhope, M. Comparative genomics of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) associated with Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 17, S1 (2011).
    • (2011) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.17 , pp. S1
    • Simpson, K.1    Dogan, B.2    Bitar, P.P.3    Schukken, Y.4    Stanhope, M.5
  • 91
    • 85049136864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of regional diets with global incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Shivashankar, R., Beauvais, J. C. & Lewis, J. D. The relationship of regional diets with global incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 152, S975-S976 (2017).
    • (2017) Gastroenterology , vol.152 , pp. S975-S976
    • Shivashankar, R.1    Beauvais, J.C.2    Lewis, J.D.3
  • 92
    • 84879411201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The abundance and variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the human gut microbiota
    • El Kaoutari, A., Armougom, F., Gordon, J. I., Raoult, D. & Henrissat, B. The abundance and variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the human gut microbiota. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11, 497-504 (2013).
    • (2013) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.11 , pp. 497-504
    • El Kaoutari, A.1    Armougom, F.2    Gordon, J.I.3    Raoult, D.4    Henrissat, B.5
  • 93
    • 84954099831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet-induced extinctions in the gut microbiota compound over generations
    • Sonnenburg, E. D. et al. Diet-induced extinctions in the gut microbiota compound over generations. Nature 529, 212-U208 (2016).
    • (2016) Nature , vol.529 , pp. U208-U212
    • Sonnenburg, E.D.1
  • 94
    • 85009377539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prior dietary practices and connections to a human gut microbial metacommunity alter responses to diet interventions
    • Griffin, N. W. et al. Prior dietary practices and connections to a human gut microbial metacommunity alter responses to diet interventions. Cell Host Microbe 21, 84-96 (2017).
    • (2017) Cell Host Microbe , vol.21 , pp. 84-96
    • Griffin, N.W.1
  • 95
    • 84995739780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dietary fiber-deprived gut microbiota degrades the colonic mucus barrier and enhances pathogen susceptibility
    • Desai, M. S. et al. A dietary fiber-deprived gut microbiota degrades the colonic mucus barrier and enhances pathogen susceptibility. Cell 167, 1339-1353.e21 (2016).
    • (2016) Cell , vol.167 , pp. 1339-1339e21
    • Desai, M.S.1
  • 96
    • 85038814668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bifidobacteria or fiber protects against diet-induced microbiota-mediated colonic mucus deterioration
    • Schroeder, B. O. et al. Bifidobacteria or fiber protects against diet-induced microbiota-mediated colonic mucus deterioration. Cell Host Microbe 23, 27-40.e7 (2017).
    • (2017) Cell Host Microbe , vol.23 , pp. 27e7-40e7
    • Schroeder, B.O.1
  • 97
    • 85038876729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiber-mediated nourishment of gut microbiota protects against diet-induced obesity by restoring IL-22-mediated colonic health
    • Zou, J. et al. Fiber-mediated nourishment of gut microbiota protects against diet-induced obesity by restoring IL-22-mediated colonic health. Cell Host Microbe 23, 41-53.e4 (2017).
    • (2017) Cell Host Microbe , vol.23 , pp. 41e4-53e4
    • Zou, J.1
  • 98
    • 84929945458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary emulsifiers-sweepers of the gut lining?
    • Cani, P. D. Dietary emulsifiers-sweepers of the gut lining? Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 11, 319-320 (2015).
    • (2015) Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. , vol.11 , pp. 319-320
    • Cani, P.D.1
  • 99
    • 84924301510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome
    • Chassaing, B. et al. Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. Nature 519, 92-96 (2015).
    • (2015) Nature , vol.519 , pp. 92-96
    • Chassaing, B.1
  • 100
    • 85024388141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation
    • Chassaing, B., Van de Wiele, T., De Bodt, J., Marzorati, M. & Gewirtz, A. T. Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation. Gut 66, 1414-1427 (2017).
    • (2017) Gut , vol.66 , pp. 1414-1427
    • Chassaing, B.1    Van De Wiele, T.2    De Bodt, J.3    Marzorati, M.4    Gewirtz, A.T.5
  • 101
    • 84908325271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota
    • Suez, J. et al. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota. Nature 514, 181-186 (2014).
    • (2014) Nature , vol.514 , pp. 181-186
    • Suez, J.1
  • 102
    • 84958093561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate DSS-induced colitis: Role of the NLRP3 inflammasome
    • Ruiz, P. A. et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate DSS-induced colitis: role of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Gut 66, 1216-1224 (2017).
    • (2017) Gut , vol.66 , pp. 1216-1224
    • Ruiz, P.A.1
  • 103
    • 84910138842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Starving our microbial self: The deleterious consequences of a diet deficient in microbiota-accessible carbohydrates
    • Sonnenburg, E. D. & Sonnenburg, J. L. Starving our microbial self: the deleterious consequences of a diet deficient in microbiota-accessible carbohydrates. Cell. Metab. 20, 779-786 (2014).
    • (2014) Cell. Metab. , vol.20 , pp. 779-786
    • Sonnenburg, E.D.1    Sonnenburg, J.L.2
  • 106
    • 84940066271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High amount of dietary fiber not harmful but favorable for Crohn disease
    • Chiba, M., Tsuji, T., Nakane, K. & Komatsu, M. High amount of dietary fiber not harmful but favorable for Crohn disease. Perm. J. 19, 58 (2015).
    • (2015) Perm. J. , vol.19 , pp. 58
    • Chiba, M.1    Tsuji, T.2    Nakane, K.3    Komatsu, M.4
  • 107
    • 84863261926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanisation and health in China
    • Gong, P. et al. Urbanisation and health in China. Lancet 379, 843-852 (2012).
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 843-852
    • Gong, P.1
  • 108
    • 84957796730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics detected in urines and adipogenesis in school children
    • Wang, H. X. et al. Antibiotics detected in urines and adipogenesis in school children. Environ. Int. 89-90, 204-211 (2016).
    • (2016) Environ. Int. , vol.89-90 , pp. 204-211
    • Wang, H.X.1
  • 109
    • 78049522796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term impacts of antibiotic exposure on the human intestinal microbiota
    • Jernberg, C., Lofmark, S., Edlund, C. & Jansson, J. K. Long-term impacts of antibiotic exposure on the human intestinal microbiota. Microbiology 156, 3216-3223 (2010).
    • (2010) Microbiology , vol.156 , pp. 3216-3223
    • Jernberg, C.1    Lofmark, S.2    Edlund, C.3    Jansson, J.K.4
  • 110
    • 84965058071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic use and its consequences for the normal microbiome
    • Blaser, M. J. Antibiotic use and its consequences for the normal microbiome. Science 352, 544-545 (2016).
    • (2016) Science , vol.352 , pp. 544-545
    • Blaser, M.J.1
  • 111
    • 56849106496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing
    • Dethlefsen, L., Huse, S., Sogin, M. L. & Relman, D. A. The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing. PLoS Biol. 6, 2383-2400 (2008).
    • (2008) PLoS Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 2383-2400
    • Dethlefsen, L.1    Huse, S.2    Sogin, M.L.3    Relman, D.A.4
  • 112
    • 79952756960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incomplete recovery and individualized responses of the human distal gut microbiota to repeated antibiotic perturbation
    • Dethlefsen, L. & Relman, D. A. Incomplete recovery and individualized responses of the human distal gut microbiota to repeated antibiotic perturbation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 4554-4561 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 4554-4561
    • Dethlefsen, L.1    Relman, D.A.2
  • 113
    • 27744580095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience of the dominant human fecal microbiota upon short-course antibiotic challenge
    • De La Cochetiere, M. F. et al. Resilience of the dominant human fecal microbiota upon short-course antibiotic challenge. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 5588-5592 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.43 , pp. 5588-5592
    • De La Cochetiere, M.F.1
  • 114
    • 84872962071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota
    • Jernberg, C., Lofmark, S., Edlund, C. & Jansson, J. K. Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota. ISME J. 7, 456-456 (2013).
    • (2013) ISME J. , vol.7 , pp. 456
    • Jernberg, C.1    Lofmark, S.2    Edlund, C.3    Jansson, J.K.4
  • 115
    • 77953307288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease
    • Molodecky, N. A. & Kaplan, G. G. Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6, 339 (2010).
    • (2010) Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , vol.6 , pp. 339
    • Molodecky, N.A.1    Kaplan, G.G.2
  • 116
    • 84937393952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease environmental risk factors: A population-based case-control study of Middle Eastern migration to Australia
    • Ko, Y. et al. Inflammatory bowel disease environmental risk factors: a population-based case-control study of Middle Eastern migration to Australia. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13, 1453-1463.e1 (2015).
    • (2015) Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , vol.13 , pp. 1453e1-1463e1
    • Ko, Y.1
  • 117
    • 84962376505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hygiene hypothesis: Is the evidence the same all over the world?
    • Leong, R. W., Mitrev, N. & Ko, Y. N. Hygiene hypothesis: is the evidence the same all over the world? Dig. Dis. 34, 35-42 (2016).
    • (2016) Dig. Dis. , vol.34 , pp. 35-42
    • Leong, R.W.1    Mitrev, N.2    Ko, Y.N.3
  • 118
    • 85000634220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early development of the gut microbiota and immune health
    • Francino, M. P. Early development of the gut microbiota and immune health. Pathogens 3, 769-790 (2014).
    • (2014) Pathogens , vol.3 , pp. 769-790
    • Francino, M.P.1
  • 119
    • 84975068696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life
    • Bokulich, N. A. et al. Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life. Sci. Transl Med. 8, 343ra82 (2016).
    • (2016) Sci. Transl Med. , vol.8 , pp. 343ra82
    • Bokulich, N.A.1
  • 120
    • 84907563983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altering the intestinal microbiota during a critical developmental window has lasting metabolic consequences
    • Cox, L. M. et al. Altering the intestinal microbiota during a critical developmental window has lasting metabolic consequences. Cell 158, 705-721 (2014).
    • (2014) Cell , vol.158 , pp. 705-721
    • Cox, L.M.1
  • 121
    • 84963782238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics, obesity and the link to microbes - What are we doing to our children?
    • Turta, O. & Rautava, S. Antibiotics, obesity and the link to microbes - what are we doing to our children? BMC Med. 14, 57 (2016).
    • (2016) BMC Med. , vol.14 , pp. 57
    • Turta, O.1    Rautava, S.2
  • 122
    • 84980406432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the gut microbiota in childhood obesity
    • Pihl, A. F. et al. The role of the gut microbiota in childhood obesity. Childhood Obes. 12, 292-299 (2016).
    • (2016) Childhood Obes. , vol.12 , pp. 292-299
    • Pihl, A.F.1
  • 123
    • 84929346795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics in early life alter the gut microbiome and increase disease incidence in a spontaneous mouse model of autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Candon, S. et al. Antibiotics in early life alter the gut microbiome and increase disease incidence in a spontaneous mouse model of autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes. PLoS ONE 10, e0125448 (2015).
    • (2015) PLoS ONE , vol.10 , pp. e0125448
    • Candon, S.1
  • 124
    • 85017311250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early-life antibiotic treatment enhances the pathogenicity of CD4(+) T cells during intestinal inflammation
    • + T cells during intestinal inflammation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 101, 893-900 (2017).
    • (2017) J. Leukoc. Biol. , vol.101 , pp. 893-900
    • Scheer, S.1
  • 125
    • 84938791971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks of antibiotic exposures early in life on the developing microbiome
    • Schulfer, A. & Blaser, M. J. Risks of antibiotic exposures early in life on the developing microbiome. PLoS Pathog. 11, e1004903 (2015).
    • (2015) PLoS Pathog. , vol.11 , pp. e1004903
    • Schulfer, A.1    Blaser, M.J.2
  • 126
    • 85021006322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of antibiotic use in early childhood on asthma and allergic diseases at age 5
    • Yamamoto-Hanada, K., Yang, L. M., Narita, M., Saito, H. & Ohya, Y. Influence of antibiotic use in early childhood on asthma and allergic diseases at age 5. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 119, 54-58 (2017).
    • (2017) Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. , vol.119 , pp. 54-58
    • Yamamoto-Hanada, K.1    Yang, L.M.2    Narita, M.3    Saito, H.4    Ohya, Y.5
  • 127
    • 85049126460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hygiene factors in India and the US in early childhood influence the subsequent development of Crohn's disease but not ulcerative colitis: A large case controlled study in two countries
    • Ramakrishna, B. S. et al. Hygiene factors in India and the US in early childhood influence the subsequent development of Crohn's disease but not ulcerative colitis: a large case controlled study in two countries. Gastroenterology 142, S789 (2012).
    • (2012) Gastroenterology , vol.142 , pp. S789
    • Ramakrishna, B.S.1
  • 128
    • 1642492954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic use and the development of Crohn's disease
    • Card, T., Logan, R. F. A., Rodrigues, L. C. & Wheeler, J. G. Antibiotic use and the development of Crohn's disease. Gut 53, 246-250 (2004).
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 246-250
    • Card, T.1    Logan, R.F.A.2    Rodrigues, L.C.3    Wheeler, J.G.4
  • 129
    • 47949129213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early-life exposures associated with antibiotic use and risk of subsequent Crohn's disease
    • Hildebrand, H., Malmborg, P., Askling, J., Ekbom, A. & Montgomery, S. M. Early-life exposures associated with antibiotic use and risk of subsequent Crohn's disease. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 43, 961-966 (2008).
    • (2008) Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.43 , pp. 961-966
    • Hildebrand, H.1    Malmborg, P.2    Askling, J.3    Ekbom, A.4    Montgomery, S.M.5
  • 130
    • 84872362892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distortions in development of intestinal microbiota associated with late onset sepsis in preterm infants
    • Mai, V. et al. Distortions in development of intestinal microbiota associated with late onset sepsis in preterm infants. PLoS ONE 8, e52876 (2013).
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e52876
    • Mai, V.1
  • 131
    • 79958154014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal microbiota in premature infants prior to necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Mai, V. et al. Fecal microbiota in premature infants prior to necrotizing enterocolitis. PLoS ONE 6, e20647 (2011).
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , pp. e20647
    • Mai, V.1
  • 132
    • 77951799018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated meta-analysis of probiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates
    • Deshpande, G., Rao, S., Patole, S. & Bulsara, M. Updated meta-analysis of probiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Pediatrics 125, 921-930 (2010).
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.125 , pp. 921-930
    • Deshpande, G.1    Rao, S.2    Patole, S.3    Bulsara, M.4
  • 133
    • 0035978074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: The ORACLE i randomised trial
    • Kenyon, S. L., Taylor, D. J., Tarnow-Mordi, W. & Grp, O. C. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. Lancet 357, 979-988 (2001).
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 979-988
    • Kenyon, S.L.1    Taylor, D.J.2    Tarnow-Mordi, W.3    Grp, O.C.4
  • 134
    • 80052272960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age
    • Bisgaard, H. et al. Reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 128, 646-U318 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , vol.128 , pp. U318-U646
    • Bisgaard, H.1
  • 135
    • 84856454758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low diversity of the gut microbiota in infants with atopic eczema
    • Abrahamsson, T. R. et al. Low diversity of the gut microbiota in infants with atopic eczema. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 129, 434-U244 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , vol.129 , pp. U244-U434
    • Abrahamsson, T.R.1
  • 136
    • 0036157879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early exposure to infections and antibiotics and the incidence of allergic disease: A birth cohort study with the West Midlands General Practice Research Database
    • McKeever, T. M. et al. Early exposure to infections and antibiotics and the incidence of allergic disease: A birth cohort study with the West Midlands General Practice Research Database. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 109, 43-50 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , vol.109 , pp. 43-50
    • McKeever, T.M.1
  • 137
    • 34250861286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of childhood asthma from antibiotic use in early life
    • Kozyrskyj, A. L., Ernst, P. & Becker, A. B. Increased risk of childhood asthma from antibiotic use in early life. Chest 131, 1753-1759 (2007).
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 1753-1759
    • Kozyrskyj, A.L.1    Ernst, P.2    Becker, A.B.3
  • 138
    • 79251477530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic exposure by 6 months and asthma and allergy at 6 years: Findings in a cohort of 1,401 US children
    • Risnes, K. R., Belanger, K., Murk, W. & Bracken, M. B. Antibiotic exposure by 6 months and asthma and allergy at 6 years: findings in a cohort of 1,401 US children. Am. J. Epidemiol. 173, 310-318 (2011).
    • (2011) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.173 , pp. 310-318
    • Risnes, K.R.1    Belanger, K.2    Murk, W.3    Bracken, M.B.4
  • 139
    • 84922042487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution, health, and human rights
    • Samet, J. M. & Gruskin, S. Air pollution, health, and human rights. Lancet. Respir. Med. 3, 98 (2015).
    • (2015) Lancet. Respir. Med. , vol.3 , pp. 98
    • Samet, J.M.1    Gruskin, S.2
  • 141
    • 78149285376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammatory bowel diseases and ambient air pollution: A novel association
    • Kaplan, G. G. et al. The inflammatory bowel diseases and ambient air pollution: a novel association. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105, 2412-2419 (2010).
    • (2010) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.105 , pp. 2412-2419
    • Kaplan, G.G.1
  • 142
    • 79953869927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambient air pollution correlates with hospitalizations for inflammatory bowel disease: An ecologic analysis
    • Ananthakrishnan, A. N., McGinley, E. L., Binion, D. G. & Saeian, K. Ambient air pollution correlates with hospitalizations for inflammatory bowel disease: an ecologic analysis. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 17, 1138-1145 (2011).
    • (2011) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.17 , pp. 1138-1145
    • Ananthakrishnan, A.N.1    McGinley, E.L.2    Binion, D.G.3    Saeian, K.4
  • 143
    • 84982932020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of smoking cessation in improving disease course in Crohn's disease
    • To, N., Gracie, D. J. & Ford, A. C. The importance of smoking cessation in improving disease course in Crohn's disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 111, 1198-1198 (2016).
    • (2016) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.111 , pp. 1198
    • To, N.1    Gracie, D.J.2    Ford, A.C.3
  • 144
    • 84957831143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of smoking cessation on the clinical course of Crohn's disease under current therapeutic algorithms: A multicenter prospective study
    • Nunes, T. et al. Impact of smoking cessation on the clinical course of Crohn's disease under current therapeutic algorithms: a multicenter prospective study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 111, 411-419 (2016).
    • (2016) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.111 , pp. 411-419
    • Nunes, T.1
  • 145
    • 17244372169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: Smoking cessation as primary therapy to modify the course of Crohn's disease
    • Johnson, G. J., Cosnes, J. & Mansfield, J. C. Review article: Smoking cessation as primary therapy to modify the course of Crohn's disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 21, 921-931 (2005).
    • (2005) Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.21 , pp. 921-931
    • Johnson, G.J.1    Cosnes, J.2    Mansfield, J.C.3
  • 146
    • 84861331645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smokers with active Crohn's disease have a clinically relevant dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota
    • Benjamin, J. L. et al. Smokers with active Crohn's disease have a clinically relevant dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 18, 1092-1100 (2012).
    • (2012) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 1092-1100
    • Benjamin, J.L.1
  • 147
    • 77954852151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic metabolism by human gut microbiota upon in vitro digestion of contaminated soils
    • Van de Wiele, T. et al. Arsenic metabolism by human gut microbiota upon in vitro digestion of contaminated soils. Environ. Health Persp. 118, 1004 (2010).
    • (2010) Environ. Health Persp. , vol.118 , pp. 1004
    • Van De Wiele, T.1
  • 148
    • 12744273189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human colon microbiota transform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to estrogenic metabolites
    • Van de Wiele, T. et al. Human colon microbiota transform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to estrogenic metabolites. Environ. Health Persp. 113, 6-10 (2005).
    • (2005) Environ. Health Persp. , vol.113 , pp. 6-10
    • Van De Wiele, T.1
  • 149
    • 71449105242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of ambient particulate matter on human alveolar macrophage oxidative and inflammatory responses
    • Sawyer, K., Mundandhara, S., Ghio, A. J. & Madden, M. C. The effects of ambient particulate matter on human alveolar macrophage oxidative and inflammatory responses. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 73, 41-57 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , vol.73 , pp. 41-57
    • Sawyer, K.1    Mundandhara, S.2    Ghio, A.J.3    Madden, M.C.4
  • 150
    • 0035448130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines involved in the systemic inflammatory response induced by exposure to particulate Matter air pollutants (PM10)
    • van Eeden, S. F. et al. Cytokines involved in the systemic inflammatory response induced by exposure to particulate Matter air pollutants (PM10). Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164, 826-830 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.164 , pp. 826-830
    • Van Eeden, S.F.1
  • 151
    • 0021125238 scopus 로고
    • Dinitrotoluene - Acute toxicity, oncogenicity, genotoxicity, and metabolism
    • Rickert, D. E., Butterworth, B. E. & Popp, J. A. Dinitrotoluene - acute toxicity, oncogenicity, genotoxicity, and metabolism. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 13, 217-234 (1984).
    • (1984) CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.13 , pp. 217-234
    • Rickert, D.E.1    Butterworth, B.E.2    Popp, J.A.3
  • 152
    • 0019492342 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and excretion of 2,4-dinitrotoluene-C-14 in conventional and axenic Fischer-344 rats
    • Rickert, D. E., Long, R. M., Krakowka, S. & Dent, J. G. Metabolism and excretion of 2,4-dinitrotoluene-C-14 in conventional and axenic Fischer-344 rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 59, 574-579 (1981).
    • (1981) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.59 , pp. 574-579
    • Rickert, D.E.1    Long, R.M.2    Krakowka, S.3    Dent, J.G.4
  • 153
    • 40549118482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductive dechlorination of methoxychlor and DDT by human intestinal bacterium Eubacterium limosum under anaerobic conditions
    • Yim, Y. J., Seo, J., Kang, S. I., Ahn, J. H. & Hur, H. G. Reductive dechlorination of methoxychlor and DDT by human intestinal bacterium Eubacterium limosum under anaerobic conditions. Arch. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 54, 406-411 (2008).
    • (2008) Arch. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. , vol.54 , pp. 406-411
    • Yim, Y.J.1    Seo, J.2    Kang, S.I.3    Ahn, J.H.4    Hur, H.G.5
  • 154
    • 84876735430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of chronic exposure to low doses of chlorpyrifos on the intestinal microbiota in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME (R)) and in the rat
    • Joly, C. et al. Impact of chronic exposure to low doses of chlorpyrifos on the intestinal microbiota in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME (R)) and in the rat. Environ. Sci. Poll. Res. 20, 2726-2734 (2013).
    • (2013) Environ. Sci. Poll. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 2726-2734
    • Joly, C.1
  • 155
    • 79551536531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadmium chloride exhibits a profound toxic effect on bacterial microflora of the mice gastrointestinal tract
    • Fazeli, M., Hassanzadeh, P. & Alaei, S. Cadmium chloride exhibits a profound toxic effect on bacterial microflora of the mice gastrointestinal tract. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 30, 152-159 (2011).
    • (2011) Hum. Exp. Toxicol. , vol.30 , pp. 152-159
    • Fazeli, M.1    Hassanzadeh, P.2    Alaei, S.3
  • 156
    • 84903346403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecotoxicology inside the gut: Impact of heavy metals on the mouse microbiome
    • Breton, J. et al. Ecotoxicology inside the gut: impact of heavy metals on the mouse microbiome. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol. 14, 62 (2013).
    • (2013) BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.14 , pp. 62
    • Breton, J.1
  • 157
    • 84895165314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic exposure perturbs the gut microbiome and its metabolic profile in mice: An integrated metagenomics and metabolomics analysis
    • Lu, K. et al. Arsenic exposure perturbs the gut microbiome and its metabolic profile in mice: an integrated metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. Environ. Health Persp. 122, 284-291 (2014).
    • (2014) Environ. Health Persp. , vol.122 , pp. 284-291
    • Lu, K.1
  • 158
    • 38449109614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaerobic metabolism of 1-amino-2-naphthol-based azo dyes (Sudan dyes) by human intestinal microflora
    • Xu, H. Y., Heinze, T. M., Chen, S. W., Cerniglia, C. E. & Chen, H. Z. Anaerobic metabolism of 1-amino-2-naphthol-based azo dyes (Sudan dyes) by human intestinal microflora. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 7759-7762 (2007).
    • (2007) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.73 , pp. 7759-7762
    • Xu, H.Y.1    Heinze, T.M.2    Chen, S.W.3    Cerniglia, C.E.4    Chen, H.Z.5
  • 159
    • 84874048883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melamine-induced renal toxicity is mediated by the gut microbiota
    • Zheng, X. et al. Melamine-induced renal toxicity is mediated by the gut microbiota. Sci. Transl Med. 5, 172ra22 (2013).
    • (2013) Sci. Transl Med. , vol.5 , pp. 172ra22
    • Zheng, X.1
  • 160
    • 84876545124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental particulate matter induces murine intestinal inflammatory responses and alters the gut microbiome
    • Kish, L. et al. Environmental particulate matter induces murine intestinal inflammatory responses and alters the gut microbiome. PLoS ONE 8, e62220 (2013).
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e62220
    • Kish, L.1
  • 161
    • 84861978076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions
    • Nicholson, J. K. et al. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science 336, 1262-1267 (2012).
    • (2012) Science , vol.336 , pp. 1262-1267
    • Nicholson, J.K.1
  • 162
    • 84878458134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise attenuates PCB-induced changes in the mouse gut microbiome
    • Choi, J. J. et al. Exercise attenuates PCB-induced changes in the mouse gut microbiome. Environ. Health Persp. 121, 725-730 (2013).
    • (2013) Environ. Health Persp. , vol.121 , pp. 725-730
    • Choi, J.J.1
  • 163
    • 79959961092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twin study indicates loss of interaction between microbiota and mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis
    • Lepage, P. et al. Twin study indicates loss of interaction between microbiota and mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 141, 227-236 (2011).
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.141 , pp. 227-236
    • Lepage, P.1
  • 164
    • 84868342031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of gut microbes in allergic diseases
    • Russell, S. L. & Finlay, B. B. The impact of gut microbes in allergic diseases. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 28, 563-569 (2012).
    • (2012) Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. , vol.28 , pp. 563-569
    • Russell, S.L.1    Finlay, B.B.2
  • 165
    • 84871901707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the developing respiratory and immune systems: A systematic review
    • Gascon, M., Morales, E., Sunyer, J. & Vrijheid, M. Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the developing respiratory and immune systems: a systematic review. Environ. Int. 52, 51-65 (2013).
    • (2013) Environ. Int. , vol.52 , pp. 51-65
    • Gascon, M.1    Morales, E.2    Sunyer, J.3    Vrijheid, M.4
  • 166
    • 84912003543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food intolerance at adulthood after perinatal exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A
    • Menard, S. et al. Food intolerance at adulthood after perinatal exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A. FASEB J. 28, 4893-4900 (2014).
    • (2014) FASEB J. , vol.28 , pp. 4893-4900
    • Menard, S.1
  • 167
    • 0037169093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cord blood lymphocyte functions in newborns from a remote maritime population exposed to organochlorines and methylmercury
    • Belles-Isles, M., Ayotte, P., Dewailly, E., Weber, J. P. & Roy, R. Cord blood lymphocyte functions in newborns from a remote maritime population exposed to organochlorines and methylmercury. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 65, 165-182 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , vol.65 , pp. 165-182
    • Belles-Isles, M.1    Ayotte, P.2    Dewailly, E.3    Weber, J.P.4    Roy, R.5
  • 168
    • 84919451917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of environmental factors in modulating immune responses in early life
    • MacGillivray, D. M. & Kollmann, T. R. The role of environmental factors in modulating immune responses in early life. Front. Immunol. 5, 434 (2014).
    • (2014) Front. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 434
    • MacGillivray, D.M.1    Kollmann, T.R.2
  • 169
    • 84899580331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aluminum enhances inflammation and decreases mucosal healing in experimental colitis in mice
    • de Chambrun, G. P. et al. Aluminum enhances inflammation and decreases mucosal healing in experimental colitis in mice. Mucosal Immunol. 7, 589-601 (2014).
    • (2014) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.7 , pp. 589-601
    • De Chambrun, G.P.1
  • 170
    • 85028891038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rural and urban residence during early life is associated with a lower risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based inception and birth cohort study
    • Benchimol, E. I. et al. Rural and urban residence during early life is associated with a lower risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based inception and birth cohort study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 112, 1412-1422 (2017).
    • (2017) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.112 , pp. 1412-1422
    • Benchimol, E.I.1
  • 171
    • 79956315886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal bacterial colonization induces mutualistic regulatory T cell responses
    • Geuking, M. B. et al. Intestinal bacterial colonization induces mutualistic regulatory T cell responses. Immunity 34, 794-806 (2011).
    • (2011) Immunity , vol.34 , pp. 794-806
    • Geuking, M.B.1
  • 172
    • 54349126459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immune recognition of the indigenous microbial flora
    • Rakoff-Nahoum, S. & Medzhitov, R. Innate immune recognition of the indigenous microbial flora. Mucosal Immunol. 1, S10-S14 (2008).
    • (2008) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. S10-S14
    • Rakoff-Nahoum, S.1    Medzhitov, R.2
  • 173
    • 0014783867 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical observations on lymphoid tissues from conventional and germ-free mice
    • Crabbe, P. A., Nash, D. R., Bazin, H., Eyssen, H. & Heremans, J. F. Immunohistochemical observations on lymphoid tissues from conventional and germ-free mice. Lab. Invest. 22, 448-457 (1970).
    • (1970) Lab. Invest. , vol.22 , pp. 448-457
    • Crabbe, P.A.1    Nash, D.R.2    Bazin, H.3    Eyssen, H.4    Heremans, J.F.5
  • 174
    • 84874692225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gut microbiota and mucosal homeostasis: Colonized at birth or at adulthood, does it matter?
    • El Aidy, S., Hooiveld, G., Tremaroli, V., Bäckhed, F. & Kleerebezem, M. The gut microbiota and mucosal homeostasis: colonized at birth or at adulthood, does it matter? Gut Microbes 4, 118-124 (2013).
    • (2013) Gut Microbes , vol.4 , pp. 118-124
    • El Aidy, S.1    Hooiveld, G.2    Tremaroli, V.3    Bäckhed, F.4    Kleerebezem, M.5
  • 175
    • 84874357602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the gut microbiome drive hormone-dependent regulation of autoimmunity
    • Markle, J. G. M. et al. Sex differences in the gut microbiome drive hormone-dependent regulation of autoimmunity. Science 339, 1084-1088 (2013).
    • (2013) Science , vol.339 , pp. 1084-1088
    • Markle, J.G.M.1
  • 176
    • 84907000772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commensal bacteria protect against food allergen sensitization
    • Stefka, A. T. et al. Commensal bacteria protect against food allergen sensitization. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 13145-13150 (2014).
    • (2014) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.111 , pp. 13145-13150
    • Stefka, A.T.1
  • 177
    • 0038575733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanitation and hygiene in urban and rural households in East Africa
    • Tumwine, J. K. et al. Sanitation and hygiene in urban and rural households in East Africa. Int. J. Environ. Health Res. 13, 107-115 (2003).
    • (2003) Int. J. Environ. Health Res. , vol.13 , pp. 107-115
    • Tumwine, J.K.1
  • 178
    • 85020167112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rural-urban spatial inequality in water and sanitation facilities in India: A cross-sectional study from household to national level
    • Chaudhuri, S. & Roy, M. Rural-urban spatial inequality in water and sanitation facilities in India: a cross-sectional study from household to national level. Appl. Geogr. 85, 27-38 (2017).
    • (2017) Appl. Geogr. , vol.85 , pp. 27-38
    • Chaudhuri, S.1    Roy, M.2
  • 179
    • 84964682615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in microbiome LPS immunogenicity contributes to autoimmunity in humans
    • Vatanen, T. et al. Variation in microbiome LPS immunogenicity contributes to autoimmunity in humans. Cell 165, 842-853 (2016).
    • (2016) Cell , vol.165 , pp. 842-853
    • Vatanen, T.1
  • 180
    • 0037136537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease: The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases
    • Bach, J. F. Mechanisms of disease: The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 911-920 (2002).
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , pp. 911-920
    • Bach, J.F.1
  • 181
    • 78649512314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farm living: Effects on childhood asthma and allergy
    • von Mutius, E. & Vercelli, D. Farm living: effects on childhood asthma and allergy. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10, 861-868 (2010).
    • (2010) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 861-868
    • Von Mutius, E.1    Vercelli, D.2
  • 182
    • 84962605055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The maternal microbiota drives early postnatal innate immune development
    • de Aguero, M. G. et al. The maternal microbiota drives early postnatal innate immune development. Science 351, 1296-1301 (2016).
    • (2016) Science , vol.351 , pp. 1296-1301
    • De Aguero, M.G.1
  • 183
    • 85026363130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How nutrition and the maternal microbiota shape the neonatal immune system
    • Macpherson, A. J., de Agüero, M. G. & Ganal-Vonarburg, S. C. How nutrition and the maternal microbiota shape the neonatal immune system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 17, 508-517 (2017).
    • (2017) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.17 , pp. 508-517
    • Macpherson, A.J.1    De Agüero, M.G.2    Ganal-Vonarburg, S.C.3
  • 184
    • 0344441397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune function across generations: Integrating mechanism and evolutionary process in maternal antibody transmission
    • Grindstaff, J. L., Brodie, E. D. & Ketterson, E. D. Immune function across generations: integrating mechanism and evolutionary process in maternal antibody transmission. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol Sci. 270, 2309-2319 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. R. Soc. B Biol Sci. , vol.270 , pp. 2309-2319
    • Grindstaff, J.L.1    Brodie, E.D.2    Ketterson, E.D.3
  • 185
    • 84897480560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal retinoids control type 3 innate lymphoid cells and set the offspring immunity
    • van de Pavert, S. A. et al. Maternal retinoids control type 3 innate lymphoid cells and set the offspring immunity. Nature 508, 123-127 (2014).
    • (2014) Nature , vol.508 , pp. 123-127
    • Van De Pavert, S.A.1
  • 186
    • 85049129968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infants born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease exhibit distinct microbiome features that persist up to 3 months of life
    • Hu, J. et al. Infants born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease exhibit distinct microbiome features that persist up to 3 months of life. Gastroenterology 152, S193 (2017).
    • (2017) Gastroenterology , vol.152 , pp. S193
    • Hu, J.1
  • 187
    • 84908313599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commensal microbial regulation of natural killer T cells at the frontiers of the mucosal immune system
    • Zeissig, S. & Blumberg, R. S. Commensal microbial regulation of natural killer T cells at the frontiers of the mucosal immune system. FEBS Lett. 588, 4188-4194 (2014).
    • (2014) FEBS Lett. , vol.588 , pp. 4188-4194
    • Zeissig, S.1    Blumberg, R.S.2
  • 188
    • 84860216630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial exposure during early life has persistent effects on natural killer T cell function
    • Olszak, T. et al. Microbial exposure during early life has persistent effects on natural killer T cell function. Science 336, 489-493 (2012).
    • (2012) Science , vol.336 , pp. 489-493
    • Olszak, T.1
  • 189
    • 84892774558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sphingolipids from a symbiotic microbe regulate homeostasis of host intestinal natural killer T cells
    • An, D. D. et al. Sphingolipids from a symbiotic microbe regulate homeostasis of host intestinal natural killer T cells. Cell 156, 123-133 (2014).
    • (2014) Cell , vol.156 , pp. 123-133
    • An, D.D.1
  • 190
    • 77958105934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MiR-146a mediates protective innate immune tolerance in the neonate intestine
    • Chassin, C. et al. miR-146a mediates protective innate immune tolerance in the neonate intestine. Cell Host Microbe 8, 358-368 (2010).
    • (2010) Cell Host Microbe , vol.8 , pp. 358-368
    • Chassin, C.1
  • 191
    • 82155162472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment of intestinal homeostasis during the neonatal period
    • Stockinger, S., Hornef, M. W. & Chassin, C. Establishment of intestinal homeostasis during the neonatal period. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68, 3699-3712 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 3699-3712
    • Stockinger, S.1    Hornef, M.W.2    Chassin, C.3
  • 192
    • 0037463658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic burden of non-influenza-related viral respiratory tract infection in the United States
    • Fendrick, A. M., Monto, A. S., Nightengale, B. & Sarnes, M. The economic burden of non-influenza-related viral respiratory tract infection in the United States. Arch. Intern. Med. 163, 487-494 (2003).
    • (2003) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.163 , pp. 487-494
    • Fendrick, A.M.1    Monto, A.S.2    Nightengale, B.3    Sarnes, M.4
  • 193
    • 0346826270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000
    • Kosek, M., Bern, C. & Guerrant, R. L. The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bull. World Health Organiz. 81, 197-204 (2003).
    • (2003) Bull. World Health Organiz. , vol.81 , pp. 197-204
    • Kosek, M.1    Bern, C.2    Guerrant, R.L.3
  • 194
    • 33644839539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diarrhea in American infants and young children in the community setting: Incidence, clinical presentation and microbiology
    • Vernacchio, L. et al. Diarrhea in American infants and young children in the community setting: incidence, clinical presentation and microbiology. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 25, 2-7 (2006).
    • (2006) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. , vol.25 , pp. 2-7
    • Vernacchio, L.1
  • 195
    • 84943653785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiota-dependent sequelae of acute infection compromise tissue-specific immunity
    • da Fonseca, D. M. et al. Microbiota-dependent sequelae of acute infection compromise tissue-specific immunity. Cell 163, 354-366 (2015).
    • (2015) Cell , vol.163 , pp. 354-366
    • Da Fonseca, D.M.1
  • 196
    • 84995887416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphoid aggregates remodel lymphatic collecting vessels that serve mesenteric lymph nodes in Crohn disease
    • Randolph, G. J. et al. Lymphoid aggregates remodel lymphatic collecting vessels that serve mesenteric lymph nodes in Crohn disease. Am. J. Pathol. 186, 3066-3073 (2016).
    • (2016) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.186 , pp. 3066-3073
    • Randolph, G.J.1
  • 197
    • 84897127283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The virome in mammalian physiology and disease
    • Virgin, H. W. The virome in mammalian physiology and disease. Cell 157, 142-150 (2014).
    • (2014) Cell , vol.157 , pp. 142-150
    • Virgin, H.W.1
  • 198
    • 84946740229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human gut virome: A multifaceted majority
    • Ogilvie, L. A. & Jones, B. V. The human gut virome: a multifaceted majority. Front. Microbiol. 6, 918 (2015).
    • (2015) Front. Microbiol. , vol.6 , pp. 918
    • Ogilvie, L.A.1    Jones, B.V.2
  • 199
    • 84884986090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human virome: New tools and concepts
    • Lecuit, M. & Eloit, M. The human virome: new tools and concepts. Trends Microbiol. 21, 510-515 (2013).
    • (2013) Trends Microbiol. , vol.21 , pp. 510-515
    • Lecuit, M.1    Eloit, M.2
  • 200
    • 84880652104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of the human gut virome
    • Minot, S. et al. Rapid evolution of the human gut virome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 12450-12455 (2013).
    • (2013) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.110 , pp. 12450-12455
    • Minot, S.1
  • 202
    • 77954627922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viruses in the faecal microbiota of monozygotic twins and their mothers
    • Reyes, A. et al. Viruses in the faecal microbiota of monozygotic twins and their mothers. Nature 466, 334-338 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , pp. 334-338
    • Reyes, A.1
  • 203
    • 84903378191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification and quantification of bacteriophage taxa in human gut metagenomes
    • Waller, A. S. et al. Classification and quantification of bacteriophage taxa in human gut metagenomes. ISME J. 8, 1391-1402 (2014).
    • (2014) ISME J. , vol.8 , pp. 1391-1402
    • Waller, A.S.1
  • 204
    • 84922245262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease-specific alterations in the enteric virome in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Norman, J. M. et al. Disease-specific alterations in the enteric virome in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell 160, 447-460 (2015).
    • (2015) Cell , vol.160 , pp. 447-460
    • Norman, J.M.1
  • 205
    • 84879909112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the viral and microbial communities associated with Crohn's disease: A metagenomic approach
    • Perez-Brocal, V. et al. Study of the viral and microbial communities associated with Crohn's disease: a metagenomic approach. Clin. Transl Gastroenterol. 4, e36 (2013).
    • (2013) Clin. Transl Gastroenterol. , vol.4 , pp. e36
    • Perez-Brocal, V.1
  • 206
    • 84884563236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteriophages in gut samples from pediatric Crohn's disease patients: Metagenomic analysis using 454 Pyrosequencing
    • Wagner, J. et al. Bacteriophages in gut samples from pediatric Crohn's disease patients: metagenomic analysis using 454 Pyrosequencing. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 19, 1598-1608 (2013).
    • (2013) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.19 , pp. 1598-1608
    • Wagner, J.1
  • 207
    • 39649093188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease: A role for bacteriophages?
    • Lepage, P. et al. Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease: a role for bacteriophages? Gut 57, 424-425 (2008).
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , pp. 424-425
    • Lepage, P.1
  • 208
    • 84958068920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial disturbances in altered mucosal and luminal gut viromes of diet-induced obese mice
    • Kim, M. S. & Bae, J. W. Spatial disturbances in altered mucosal and luminal gut viromes of diet-induced obese mice. Environ. Microbiol. 18, 1498-1510 (2016).
    • (2016) Environ. Microbiol. , vol.18 , pp. 1498-1510
    • Kim, M.S.1    Bae, J.W.2
  • 209
    • 84920929686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An enteric virus can replace the beneficial function of commensal bacteria
    • Kernbauer, E., Ding, Y. & Cadwell, K. An enteric virus can replace the beneficial function of commensal bacteria. Nature 516, 94-U223 (2014).
    • (2014) Nature , vol.516 , pp. U94-U223
    • Kernbauer, E.1    Ding, Y.2    Cadwell, K.3
  • 210
    • 84879515171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteriophage adhering to mucus provide a non-host-derived immunity
    • Barr, J. J. et al. Bacteriophage adhering to mucus provide a non-host-derived immunity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 10771-10776 (2013).
    • (2013) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.110 , pp. 10771-10776
    • Barr, J.J.1
  • 211
    • 85049133618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteriophage adhered to mucus provide a novel mucosal immune system [abstract]
    • Barr, J. et al. Bacteriophage adhered to mucus provide a novel mucosal immune system [abstract]. J. Immunol. 190 (Suppl), P3166 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Immunol. , vol.190 , pp. P3166
    • Barr, J.1
  • 212
    • 84958087463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD
    • Sokol, H. et al. Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD. Gut 66, 1039-1048 (2017).
    • (2016) Gut , vol.66 , pp. 1039-1049
    • Sokol, H.1
  • 214
    • 42549172433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization of mice by Candida albicans is promoted by chemically induced colitis and augments inflammatory responses through galectin-3
    • Jawhara, S. et al. Colonization of mice by Candida albicans is promoted by chemically induced colitis and augments inflammatory responses through galectin-3. J. Infect. Dis. 197, 972-980 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.197 , pp. 972-980
    • Jawhara, S.1
  • 215
    • 84877662072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic yeast inhibits VEGFR signaling and angiogenesis in intestinal inflammation
    • Chen, X. H. et al. Probiotic yeast inhibits VEGFR signaling and angiogenesis in intestinal inflammation. PLoS ONE 8, e64227 (2013).
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e64227
    • Chen, X.H.1
  • 216
    • 36348965867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces boulardii decreases inflammation and intestinal colonization by Candida albicans in a mouse model of chemically-induced colitis
    • Jawhara, S. & Poulain, D. Saccharomyces boulardii decreases inflammation and intestinal colonization by Candida albicans in a mouse model of chemically-induced colitis. Med. Mycol. 45, 691-700 (2007).
    • (2007) Med. Mycol. , vol.45 , pp. 691-700
    • Jawhara, S.1    Poulain, D.2
  • 217
    • 65949120186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Candida colonization on human ulcerative colitis and the healing of inflammatory changes of the colon in the experimental model of colitis ulcerosa
    • Zwolinska-Wcislo, M. et al. Effect of Candida colonization on human ulcerative colitis and the healing of inflammatory changes of the colon in the experimental model of colitis ulcerosa. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 60, 107-118 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Physiol. Pharmacol. , vol.60 , pp. 107-118
    • Zwolinska-Wcislo, M.1
  • 218
    • 84969983677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological consequences of intestinal fungal dysbiosis
    • Wheeler, M. L. et al. Immunological consequences of intestinal fungal dysbiosis. Cell Host Microbe 19, 865-873 (2016).
    • (2016) Cell Host Microbe , vol.19 , pp. 865-873
    • Wheeler, M.L.1
  • 219
    • 84861964286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between commensal fungi and the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 influence colitis
    • Iliev, I. D. et al. Interactions between commensal fungi and the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 influence colitis. Science 336, 1314-1317 (2012).
    • (2012) Science , vol.336 , pp. 1314-1317
    • Iliev, I.D.1
  • 220
    • 84883144028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Card9 mediates intestinal epithelial cell restitution, T-helper 17 responses, and control of bacterial infection in mice
    • Sokol, H. et al. Card9 mediates intestinal epithelial cell restitution, T-helper 17 responses, and control of bacterial infection in mice. Gastroenterology 145, 591-601 (2013).
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.145 , pp. 591-601
    • Sokol, H.1
  • 221
    • 84944684568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ubiquitin ligase TRIM62 regulates CARD9-mediated anti-fungal immunity and intestinal inflammation
    • Cao, Z. F. et al. Ubiquitin ligase TRIM62 regulates CARD9-mediated anti-fungal immunity and intestinal inflammation. Immunity 43, 715-726 (2015).
    • (2015) Immunity , vol.43 , pp. 715-726
    • Cao, Z.F.1
  • 222
    • 84888607453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida albicans is not always the preferential yeast colonizing humans: A study in Wayampi Amerindians
    • Angebault, C. et al. Candida albicans is not always the preferential yeast colonizing humans: a study in Wayampi Amerindians. J. Infect. Dis. 208, 1705-1716 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.208 , pp. 1705-1716
    • Angebault, C.1
  • 224
    • 0026021608 scopus 로고
    • Decline of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Europe
    • Arnolds, E. Decline of ectomycorrhizal fungi in europe. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 35, 209-244 (1991).
    • (1991) Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. , vol.35 , pp. 209-244
    • Arnolds, E.1
  • 225
    • 43849091480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of culturable airborne spores of selected allergenic and pathogenic fungi in outdoor air
    • O'gorman, C. M. & Fuller, H. T. Prevalence of culturable airborne spores of selected allergenic and pathogenic fungi in outdoor air. Atmospher. Environ. 42, 4355-4368 (2008).
    • (2008) Atmospher. Environ , vol.42 , pp. 4355-4368
    • O'Gorman, C.M.1    Fuller, H.T.2
  • 227
    • 0034740822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological monitoring: Lichens as bioindicators of air pollution assessment - A review
    • Conti, M. E. & Cecchetti, G. Biological monitoring: lichens as bioindicators of air pollution assessment - a review. Environ. Poll. 114, 471-492 (2001).
    • (2001) Environ. Poll. , vol.114 , pp. 471-492
    • Conti, M.E.1    Cecchetti, G.2
  • 228
    • 70449729980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of roadside pollution on the phylloplane microbial community of Alnus nepalensis (Betulaceae)
    • Joshi, S. R. Influence of roadside pollution on the phylloplane microbial community of Alnus nepalensis (Betulaceae). Revista De Biol. Trop. 56, 1521-1529 (2008).
    • (2008) Revista de Biol. Trop. , vol.56 , pp. 1521-1529
    • Joshi, S.R.1
  • 230
    • 77953636289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outdoor allergenic fungal spores: Comparison between an urban and a rural area in northern Portugal
    • Oliveira, M. et al. Outdoor allergenic fungal spores: comparison between an urban and a rural area in northern Portugal. J. Invest. Allergol. Clin. Immunol. 20, 117-128 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Invest. Allergol. Clin. Immunol. , vol.20 , pp. 117-128
    • Oliveira, M.1
  • 231
    • 33748756248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airborne fungal spores in urban and rural environments in Poland
    • Kasprzyk, I. & Worek, M. Airborne fungal spores in urban and rural environments in Poland. Aerobiologia 22, 169-176 (2006).
    • (2006) Aerobiologia , vol.22 , pp. 169-176
    • Kasprzyk, I.1    Worek, M.2
  • 232
    • 61949233686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helminths and the IBD Hygiene Hypothesis
    • Weinstock, J. V. & Elliott, D. E. Helminths and the IBD Hygiene Hypothesis. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 15, 128-133 (2009).
    • (2009) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.15 , pp. 128-133
    • Weinstock, J.V.1    Elliott, D.E.2
  • 233
    • 0035983494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The possible link between de-worming and the emergence of immunological disease
    • Weinstock, J. V. et al. The possible link between de-worming and the emergence of immunological disease. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 139, 334-338 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Lab. Clin. Med. , vol.139 , pp. 334-338
    • Weinstock, J.V.1
  • 234
    • 84963860997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity
    • Ramanan, D. et al. Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity. Science 352, 608-612 (2016).
    • (2016) Science , vol.352 , pp. 608-612
    • Ramanan, D.1
  • 235
    • 84900412715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice
    • Yang, X. D. et al. Excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice. PLoS One 9, e96454 (2014).
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , pp. e96454
    • Yang, X.D.1
  • 236
    • 57449089960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helminth antigen-based strategy to ameliorate inflammation in an experimental model of colitis
    • Motomura, Y. et al. Helminth antigen-based strategy to ameliorate inflammation in an experimental model of colitis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 155, 88-95 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.155 , pp. 88-95
    • Motomura, Y.1
  • 237
    • 67650134618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of helminth soluble proteins in TNBS-induced colitis in mice
    • Ruyssers, N. E. et al. Therapeutic potential of helminth soluble proteins in TNBS-induced colitis in mice. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 15, 491-500 (2009).
    • (2009) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.15 , pp. 491-500
    • Ruyssers, N.E.1
  • 238
    • 78649823511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells are associated with therapeutic Trichuris trichiura infection in an ulcerative colitis patient
    • + T cells are associated with therapeutic Trichuris trichiura infection in an ulcerative colitis patient. Sci. Transl Med. 2, 60ra88 (2010).
    • (2010) Sci. Transl Med. , vol.2 , pp. 60ra88
    • Broadhurst, M.J.1
  • 239
    • 53149119570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization with Heligmosomoides polygyrus suppresses mucosal IL-17 production
    • Elliott, D. E. et al. Colonization with Heligmosomoides polygyrus suppresses mucosal IL-17 production. J. Immunol. 181, 2414-2419 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Immunol. , vol.181 , pp. 2414-2419
    • Elliott, D.E.1
  • 240
    • 84881468218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection activates colonic Foxp3(+) T cells enhancing their capacity to prevent colitis
    • + T cells enhancing their capacity to prevent colitis. J. Immunol. 191, 1927-1934 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Immunol. , vol.191 , pp. 1927-1934
    • Hang, L.1
  • 241
    • 84901808283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota
    • Lee, S. C. et al. Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 8, e2880 (2014).
    • (2014) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. e2880
    • Lee, S.C.1
  • 242
    • 0036668170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the filarial nematode phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein, ES62, is stage specific
    • Stepek, G. et al. Expression of the filarial nematode phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein, ES62, is stage specific. Parasitology 125, 155-164 (2002).
    • (2002) Parasitology , vol.125 , pp. 155-164
    • Stepek, G.1
  • 243
    • 33745191896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filarial nematode secreted product ES-62 is an anti-inflammatory agent: Therapeutic potential of small molecule derivatives and ES-62 peptide mimetics
    • Harnett, W. & Harnett, M. M. Filarial nematode secreted product ES-62 is an anti-inflammatory agent: therapeutic potential of small molecule derivatives and ES-62 peptide mimetics. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 33, 511-518 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. , vol.33 , pp. 511-518
    • Harnett, W.1    Harnett, M.M.2
  • 244
    • 84925455456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human helminth therapy to treat inflammatory disorders- where do we stand?
    • Helmby, H. Human helminth therapy to treat inflammatory disorders- where do we stand? BMC Immunol. 16, 12 (2015).
    • (2015) BMC Immunol. , vol.16 , pp. 12
    • Helmby, H.1
  • 245
    • 17144402166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled trial
    • Summers, R. W., Elliott, D. E., Urban, J. F., Thompson, R. A. & Weinstock, J. V. Trichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 128, 825-832 (2005).
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 825-832
    • Summers, R.W.1    Elliott, D.E.2    Urban, J.F.3    Thompson, R.A.4    Weinstock, J.V.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.