메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 66, Issue 7, 2017, Pages 1216-1224

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate DSS-induced colitis: Role of the NLRP3 inflammasome

Author keywords

IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS; INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

Indexed keywords

CRYOPYRIN; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA CONVERTING ENZYME; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLE; COLORING AGENT; DEXTRAN SULFATE; INFLAMMASOME; NANOPARTICLE; NLRP3 PROTEIN, MOUSE; TITANIUM; TITANIUM DIOXIDE;

EID: 84958093561     PISSN: 00175749     EISSN: 14683288     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310297     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (239)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 79959271087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal homeostasis and its breakdown in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Maloy KJ, Powrie F. Intestinal homeostasis and its breakdown in inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011;474:298-306.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.474 , pp. 298-306
    • Maloy, K.J.1    Powrie, F.2
  • 2
    • 84862278489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: What is new?
    • Scharl M, Rogler G. Inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: what is new? Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2012;28:301-9.
    • (2012) Curr Opin Gastroenterol , vol.28 , pp. 301-309
    • Scharl, M.1    Rogler, G.2
  • 3
    • 79960117507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between susceptibility and environment: Examples from the digestive tract
    • Rogler G. Interaction between susceptibility and environment: examples from the digestive tract. Dig Dis 2011;29:136-43.
    • (2011) Dig Dis , vol.29 , pp. 136-143
    • Rogler, G.1
  • 4
    • 84924694448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposome in IBD: Recent insights in environmental factors that influence the onset and course of IBD
    • Rogler G, Vavricka S. Exposome in IBD: recent insights in environmental factors that influence the onset and course of IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015;21:400-8.
    • (2015) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.21 , pp. 400-408
    • Rogler, G.1    Vavricka, S.2
  • 5
    • 30344445931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic opportunities
    • Hanauer SB. Inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic opportunities. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12(Suppl 1):S3-9.
    • (2006) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.12 , pp. S3-S9
    • Hanauer, S.B.1
  • 6
    • 2442563304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences
    • Loftus EV Jr. Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1504-17.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 1504-1517
    • Loftus, E.V.1
  • 7
    • 84857765569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products
    • Weir A, Westerhoff P, Fabricius L, et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products. Environ Sci Technol 2012;46:2242-50.
    • (2012) Environ Sci Technol , vol.46 , pp. 2242-2250
    • Weir, A.1    Westerhoff, P.2    Fabricius, L.3
  • 8
    • 84872078504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing AIDS and materials in contact with Food on a request from the Commission related to the safety in use of rutile titanium dioxide as an alternative to the presently permitted anatase form
    • EFSA. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and materials in Contact with Food on a request from the Commission related to the safety in use of rutile titanium dioxide as an alternative to the presently permitted anatase form. EFSA J 2004;163:1-12.
    • (2004) EFSA J , vol.163 , pp. 1-12
  • 9
    • 11144290160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary sources of inorganic microparticles and their intake in healthy subjects and patients with Crohn's disease
    • Lomer MC, Hutchinson C, Volkert S, et al. Dietary sources of inorganic microparticles and their intake in healthy subjects and patients with Crohn's disease. Br J Nutr 2004;92:947-55.
    • (2004) Br J Nutr , vol.92 , pp. 947-955
    • Lomer, M.C.1    Hutchinson, C.2    Volkert, S.3
  • 10
    • 0014714843 scopus 로고
    • Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: Some food colours, emulsifiers, stabilizers, anticaking agents, and certain other substances. Thirtenth report of the joint FAO-WHO expert committee on food additives. Rome, 27 may-4 June 1969
    • [No authors listed]
    • [No authors listed]. Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some food colours, emulsifiers, stabilizers, anticaking agents, and certain other substances. Thirtenth report of the Joint FAO-WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Rome, 27 May-4 June 1969. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1970;445:1-36.
    • (1970) World Health Organ Tech Rep ser , vol.445 , pp. 1-36
  • 13
    • 1342267646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary responses of mice, rats, and hamsters to subchronic inhalation of ultrafine titanium dioxide particles
    • Bermudez E, Mangum JB, Wong BA, et al. Pulmonary responses of mice, rats, and hamsters to subchronic inhalation of ultrafine titanium dioxide particles. Toxicol Sci 2004;77:347-57.
    • (2004) Toxicol Sci , vol.77 , pp. 347-357
    • Bermudez, E.1    Mangum, J.B.2    Wong, B.A.3
  • 14
    • 72249115549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce DNA damage and genetic instability in vivo in mice
    • Trouiller B, Reliene R, Westbrook A, et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce DNA damage and genetic instability in vivo in mice. Cancer Res 2009;69:8784-9.
    • (2009) Cancer Res , vol.69 , pp. 8784-8789
    • Trouiller, B.1    Reliene, R.2    Westbrook, A.3
  • 15
    • 33847256798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyto- and genotoxicity of ultrafine TiO2 particles in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells
    • Wang JJ, Sanderson BJ, Wang H. Cyto- and genotoxicity of ultrafine TiO2 particles in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells. Mutat Res 2007;628:99-106.
    • (2007) Mutat Res , vol.628 , pp. 99-106
    • Wang, J.J.1    Sanderson, B.J.2    Wang, H.3
  • 16
    • 77955743192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanomaterial cytotoxicity is composition, size, and cell type dependent
    • Sohaebuddin SK, Thevenot PT, Baker D, et al. Nanomaterial cytotoxicity is composition, size, and cell type dependent. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010;7:22.
    • (2010) Part Fibre Toxicol , vol.7 , pp. 22
    • Sohaebuddin, S.K.1    Thevenot, P.T.2    Baker, D.3
  • 17
    • 33645769057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc
    • Baan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, et al. Carcinogenicity of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc. Lancet Oncol 2006;7:295-6.
    • (2006) Lancet Oncol , vol.7 , pp. 295-296
    • Baan, R.1    Straif, K.2    Grosse, Y.3
  • 18
    • 33846131928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute toxicity and biodistribution of different sized titanium dioxide particles in mice after oral administration
    • Wang J, Zhou G, Chen C, et al. Acute toxicity and biodistribution of different sized titanium dioxide particles in mice after oral administration. Toxicol Lett 2007;168:176-85.
    • (2007) Toxicol Lett , vol.168 , pp. 176-185
    • Wang, J.1    Zhou, G.2    Chen, C.3
  • 19
    • 33749543675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential risks of nanomaterials: A review carried out for ECETOC
    • Borm PJ, Robbins D, Haubold S, et al. The potential risks of nanomaterials: a review carried out for ECETOC. Part Fibre Toxicol 2006;3:11.
    • (2006) Part Fibre Toxicol , vol.3 , pp. 11
    • Borm, P.J.1    Robbins, D.2    Haubold, S.3
  • 20
    • 0029926235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of inorganic microparticles in pigment cells of human gut associated lymphoid tissue
    • Powell JJ, Ainley CC, Harvey RS, et al. Characterisation of inorganic microparticles in pigment cells of human gut associated lymphoid tissue. Gut 1996;38:390-5.
    • (1996) Gut , vol.38 , pp. 390-395
    • Powell, J.J.1    Ainley, C.C.2    Harvey, R.S.3
  • 21
    • 0036183331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine and ultrafine particles of the diet: Influence on the mucosal immune response and association with Crohn's disease
    • Lomer MC, Thompson RP, Powell JJ. Fine and ultrafine particles of the diet: influence on the mucosal immune response and association with Crohn's disease. Proc Nutr Soc 2002;61:123-30.
    • (2002) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.61 , pp. 123-130
    • Lomer, M.C.1    Thompson, R.P.2    Powell, J.J.3
  • 22
    • 60749104683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammasome: A caspase-1-activation platform that regulates immune responses and disease pathogenesis
    • Franchi L, Eigenbrod T, Muñoz-Planillo R, et al. The inflammasome: a caspase-1-activation platform that regulates immune responses and disease pathogenesis. Nat Immunol 2009;10:241-7.
    • (2009) Nat Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 241-247
    • Franchi, L.1    Eigenbrod, T.2    Muñoz-Planillo, R.3
  • 23
    • 78650610580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoparticles activate the NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome and cause pulmonary inflammation through release of IL-1α and IL-1β
    • Yazdi AS, Guarda G, Riteau N, et al. Nanoparticles activate the NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome and cause pulmonary inflammation through release of IL-1α and IL-1β. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:19449-54.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 19449-19454
    • Yazdi, A.S.1    Guarda, G.2    Riteau, N.3
  • 24
    • 58149159542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common variants in the NLRP3 region contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility
    • Villani AC, Lemire M, Fortin G, et al. Common variants in the NLRP3 region contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility. Nat Genet 2009;41:71-6.
    • (2009) Nat Genet , vol.41 , pp. 71-76
    • Villani, A.C.1    Lemire, M.2    Fortin, G.3
  • 25
    • 32944470765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome in response to toxins and ATP
    • Mariathasan S, Weiss DS, Newton K, et al. Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome in response to toxins and ATP. Nature 2006;440:228-32.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , pp. 228-232
    • Mariathasan, S.1    Weiss, D.S.2    Newton, K.3
  • 26
    • 32944468985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome
    • Martinon F, Pétrilli V, Mayor A, et al. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature 2006;440:237-41.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , pp. 237-241
    • Martinon, F.1    Pétrilli, V.2    Mayor, A.3
  • 27
    • 84858677223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensing and reacting to microbes through the inflammasomes
    • Franchi L, Muñoz-Planillo R, Nuñez G. Sensing and reacting to microbes through the inflammasomes. Nat Immunol 2012;13:325-32.
    • (2012) Nat Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 325-332
    • Franchi, L.1    Muñoz-Planillo, R.2    Nuñez, G.3
  • 28
    • 47849097202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization
    • Hornung V, Bauernfeind F, Halle A, et al. Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization. Nat Immunol 2008;9:847-56.
    • (2008) Nat Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 847-856
    • Hornung, V.1    Bauernfeind, F.2    Halle, A.3
  • 29
    • 43249125839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immune activation through nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica
    • Dostert C, Pétrilli V, Van Bruggen R, et al. Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica. Science 2008;320:674-7.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 674-677
    • Dostert, C.1    Pétrilli, V.2    Van Bruggen, R.3
  • 30
    • 0032941175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)- and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced nitric oxide as toxic effector molecule in chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice
    • Obermeier F, Kojouharoff G, Hans W, et al. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)- and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced nitric oxide as toxic effector molecule in chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 1999;116:238-45.
    • (1999) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.116 , pp. 238-245
    • Obermeier, F.1    Kojouharoff, G.2    Hans, W.3
  • 31
    • 34447280907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High resolution colonoscopy in live mice
    • Becker C, Fantini MC, Neurath MF. High resolution colonoscopy in live mice. Nat Protoc 2006;1:2900-4.
    • (2006) Nat Protoc , vol.1 , pp. 2900-2904
    • Becker, C.1    Fantini, M.C.2    Neurath, M.F.3
  • 32
    • 34247116009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo treatment with the herbal phenylethanoid acteoside ameliorates intestinal inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis
    • Hausmann M, Obermeier F, Paper DH, et al. In vivo treatment with the herbal phenylethanoid acteoside ameliorates intestinal inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2007;148:373-81.
    • (2007) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.148 , pp. 373-381
    • Hausmann, M.1    Obermeier, F.2    Paper, D.H.3
  • 33
    • 34347262689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemically induced mouse models of intestinal inflammation
    • Wirtz S, Neufert C, Weigmann B, et al. Chemically induced mouse models of intestinal inflammation. Nat Protoc 2007;2:541-6.
    • (2007) Nat Protoc , vol.2 , pp. 541-546
    • Wirtz, S.1    Neufert, C.2    Weigmann, B.3
  • 34
    • 77955246772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid segregation optic neuropathy: An experimental model and a hypothesis
    • Jaggi GP, Harlev M, Ziegler U, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid segregation optic neuropathy: an experimental model and a hypothesis. Br J Ophthalmol 2010;94:1088-93.
    • (2010) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.94 , pp. 1088-1093
    • Jaggi, G.P.1    Harlev, M.2    Ziegler, U.3
  • 36
    • 68949116316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cohort profile: The swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort study (SIBDCS)
    • Pittet V, Juillerat P, Mottet C, et al. Cohort profile: the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study (SIBDCS). Int J Epidemiol 2009;38:922-31.
    • (2009) Int J Epidemiol , vol.38 , pp. 922-931
    • Pittet, V.1    Juillerat, P.2    Mottet, C.3
  • 37
    • 0019319257 scopus 로고
    • A simple index of Crohn's-disease activity
    • Harvey RF, Bradshaw JM. A simple index of Crohn's-disease activity. Lancet 1980;1:514.
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 514
    • Harvey, R.F.1    Bradshaw, J.M.2
  • 38
    • 0024587677 scopus 로고
    • Coated mesazaline (5-aminosalicylic acid) versus sulphasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: A randomised trial
    • Rachmilewitz D. Coated mesazaline (5-aminosalicylic acid) versus sulphasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial. Br Med J 1989;298:82-6.
    • (1989) Br Med J , vol.298 , pp. 82-86
    • Rachmilewitz, D.1
  • 39
    • 84890347545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue distribution and clearance of intravenously administered titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles
    • Shinohara N, Danno N, Ichinose T, et al. Tissue distribution and clearance of intravenously administered titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2014;8:132-41.
    • (2014) Nanotoxicology , vol.8 , pp. 132-141
    • Shinohara, N.1    Danno, N.2    Ichinose, T.3
  • 40
    • 65649110160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo acute toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to mice after intraperitioneal injection
    • Chen J, Dong X, Zhao J, et al. In vivo acute toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to mice after intraperitioneal injection. J Appl Toxicol 2009;29:330-7.
    • (2009) J Appl Toxicol , vol.29 , pp. 330-337
    • Chen, J.1    Dong, X.2    Zhao, J.3
  • 41
    • 77649179433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NLRP3 inflammasome activation: The convergence of multiple signalling pathways on ROS production?
    • Tschopp J, Schroder K. NLRP3 inflammasome activation: The convergence of multiple signalling pathways on ROS production? Nat Rev Immunol 2010;10:210-15.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 210-215
    • Tschopp, J.1    Schroder, K.2
  • 42
    • 70649101217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological characteristics of nanoparticulate anatase titanium dioxide in mice
    • Duan Y, Liu J, Ma L, et al. Toxicological characteristics of nanoparticulate anatase titanium dioxide in mice. Biomaterials 2010;31:894-9.
    • (2010) Biomaterials , vol.31 , pp. 894-899
    • Duan, Y.1    Liu, J.2    Ma, L.3
  • 43
    • 84927649790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical review of public health regulations of titanium dioxide, a human food additive
    • Jovanović B. Critical review of public health regulations of titanium dioxide, a human food additive. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:10-20.
    • (2015) Integr Environ Assess Manag , vol.11 , pp. 10-20
    • Jovanović, B.1
  • 44
    • 84867711676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titanium dioxide induced inflammation in the small intestine
    • Nogueira CM, de Azevedo WM, Dagli ML, et al. Titanium dioxide induced inflammation in the small intestine. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:4729-35.
    • (2012) World J Gastroenterol , vol.18 , pp. 4729-4735
    • Nogueira, C.M.1    De Azevedo, W.M.2    Dagli, M.L.3
  • 45
    • 77956128040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colitis induced in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome
    • Bauer C, Duewell P, Mayer C, et al. Colitis induced in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Gut 2010;59:1192-9.
    • (2010) Gut , vol.59 , pp. 1192-1199
    • Bauer, C.1    Duewell, P.2    Mayer, C.3
  • 46
    • 77950002937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NLRP3 inflammasome protects against loss of epithelial integrity and mortality during experimental colitis
    • Zaki MH, Boyd KL, Vogel P, et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome protects against loss of epithelial integrity and mortality during experimental colitis. Immunity 2010;32:379-91.
    • (2010) Immunity , vol.32 , pp. 379-391
    • Zaki, M.H.1    Boyd, K.L.2    Vogel, P.3
  • 47
    • 79955846705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis
    • Hirota SA, Ng J, Lueng A, et al. NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:1359-72.
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 1359-1372
    • Hirota, S.A.1    Ng, J.2    Lueng, A.3
  • 48
    • 84902588650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nlrp3 activation in the intestinal epithelium protects against a mucosal pathogen
    • Song-Zhao GX, Srinivasan N, Pott J, et al. Nlrp3 activation in the intestinal epithelium protects against a mucosal pathogen. Mucosal Immunol 2014;7:763-74.
    • (2014) Mucosal Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 763-774
    • Song-Zhao, G.X.1    Srinivasan, N.2    Pott, J.3
  • 49
    • 84883495773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behaviour of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in an in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion model
    • Walczak AP, Fokkink R, Peters R, et al. Behaviour of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in an in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion model. Nanotoxicology 2013;7:1198-210.
    • (2013) Nanotoxicology , vol.7 , pp. 1198-1210
    • Walczak, A.P.1    Fokkink, R.2    Peters, R.3
  • 50
    • 84859125696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of nano-sized silica during in vitro digestion of foods containing silica as a food additive
    • Peters R, Kramer E, Oomen AG, et al. Presence of nano-sized silica during in vitro digestion of foods containing silica as a food additive. ACS Nano 2012;6: 2441-51.
    • (2012) ACS Nano , vol.6 , pp. 2441-2451
    • Peters, R.1    Kramer, E.2    Oomen, A.G.3
  • 51
    • 84897408868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titanium dioxide nanoparticle impact and translocation through ex vivo, in vivo and in vitro gut epithelia
    • Brun E, Barreau F, Veronesi G, et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle impact and translocation through ex vivo, in vivo and in vitro gut epithelia. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014;11:13.
    • (2014) Part Fibre Toxicol , vol.11 , pp. 13
    • Brun, E.1    Barreau, F.2    Veronesi, G.3
  • 52
    • 84906783859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulatory effects in the spleen-injured mice following exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles
    • Sang X, Fei M, Sheng L, et al. Immunomodulatory effects in the spleen-injured mice following exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014;102:3562-72.
    • (2014) J Biomed Mater Res A , vol.102 , pp. 3562-3572
    • Sang, X.1    Fei, M.2    Sheng, L.3
  • 53
    • 27744533436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrafine particles cross cellular membranes by nonphagocytic mechanisms in lungs and in cultured cells
    • Geiser M, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Kapp N, et al. Ultrafine particles cross cellular membranes by nonphagocytic mechanisms in lungs and in cultured cells. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:1555-60.
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , pp. 1555-1560
    • Geiser, M.1    Rothen-Rutishauser, B.2    Kapp, N.3
  • 54
    • 84867814859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of cellular uptake of genotoxic silica nanoparticles
    • Mu Q, Hondow NS, Krzemiński L, et al. Mechanism of cellular uptake of genotoxic silica nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012;9:29.
    • (2012) Part Fibre Toxicol , vol.9 , pp. 29
    • Mu, Q.1    Hondow, N.S.2    Krzemiński, L.3
  • 56
    • 0035138359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of a low microparticle diet in a double blind, randomized, pilot study in Crohn's disease
    • Lomer MC, Harvey RS, Evans SM, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a low microparticle diet in a double blind, randomized, pilot study in Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;13:101-6.
    • (2001) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.13 , pp. 101-106
    • Lomer, M.C.1    Harvey, R.S.2    Evans, S.M.3
  • 57
    • 20144367585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of efficacy of a reduced microparticle diet in a multi-centred trial of patients with active Crohn's disease
    • Lomer MC, Grainger SL, Ede R, et al. Lack of efficacy of a reduced microparticle diet in a multi-centred trial of patients with active Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;17:377-84.
    • (2005) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.17 , pp. 377-384
    • Lomer, M.C.1    Grainger, S.L.2    Ede, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.