Current approaches in SELEX: An update to aptamer selection technology

Biotechnology Advances

Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 1141-1161

  Darmostuk, Mariia ^a   Rimpelova, Silvie ^a   Gbelcova, Helena ^a,b   Ruml, Tomas ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

^b Bratislava   (Slovakia)

Author keywords

Aptamers; In silico selection; Oligonucleotide library; PCR; Post SELEX; SELEX

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODIES; CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS; COST EFFECTIVENESS; DNA; NUCLEIC ACIDS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; RNA;

APTAMERS; IN-SILICO; PCR; POST-SELEX; SELEX;

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

ANTIBIOTICS; BIOENGINEERING; CANCER; CHEMICAL COMPOUND; DNA; GENETIC ANALYSIS; MICROORGANISM; PROTEIN; RNA;

APTAMER; MICROSPHERE;

CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; CELL SURFACE DISPLAY; MAGNETISM; METABOLISM; PROCEDURES; SYSTEMATIC EVOLUTION OF LIGANDS BY EXPONENTIAL ENRICHMENT APTAMER TECHNIQUE;

APTAMERS, NUCLEOTIDE; CELL SURFACE DISPLAY TECHNIQUES; ELECTROPHORESIS, CAPILLARY; MAGNETICS; MICROSPHERES; SELEX APTAMER TECHNIQUE;

EID: 84948757225     PISSN: 07349750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.008     Document Type: Review

References (238)

1. Ababneh N., Alshaer W., Allozi O., Mahafzah A., El-Khateeb M., Hillaireau H., et al. In vitro selection of modified RNA aptamers against CD44 cancer stem cell marker. Nucleic Acids Ther 2012, 23:401-407.
2. Ahmad K.M., Oh S.S., Kim S., McClellen F.M., Xiao Y., Soh H.T. Probing the limits of aptamer affinity with a microfluidic SELEX platform. PLoS One 2011, 6:e27051.
3. Ara M.N., Hyodo M., Ohga N., Hida K., Harashima H. Development of a novel DNA aptamer ligand targeting to primary cultured tumor endothelial cells by a cell-based SELEX method. PLoS One 2012, 7:e50174.
4. Arap W., Pasqualini R. The human vascular mapping project. Selection and utilization of molecules for tumor endothelial targeting. Haemostasis 2001, 31:30-31.
5. Arnold S., Pampalakis G., Kantiotou K., Silva D., Cortez C., Missailidis S., et al. One round of SELEX for the generation of DNA aptamers directed against KLK6. Biol Chem 2012, 393:343-353.
6. Asai R., Nishimura S.I., Aita T., Takahashi K. In vitro selection of DNA aptamers on chips using a method for generating point mutations. Anal Lett 2004, 37:645-656.
7. Ashley J., Ji K., Li S.F. Selection of bovine catalase aptamers using non-SELEX. Electrophoresis 2012, 33:2783-2789.
8. Avci-Adali M., Metzger M., Perle N., Ziemer G., Wendel H.P. Pitfalls of cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX): existing dead cells during in vitro selection anticipate the enrichment of specific aptamers. Oligonucleotides 2010, 20(6):317-323.
9. Bábíčková J., Tóthová Ľ., Boor P., Celec P. In vivo phage display - a discovery tool in molecular biomedicine. Biotechnol Adv 2013, 31:1247-1259.
10. Bayrac A.T., Sefah K., Parekh P., Bayrac C., Gulbakan B., Oktem H.A., et al. In vitro selection of DNA aptamers to glioblastoma multiforme. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011, 2:175-181.
11. Beghetto E., Gargano N. Lambda-display: a powerful tool for antigen discovery. Molecules 2011, 16:3089-3105.
12. Benhar I. Biotechnological applications of phage and cell display. Biotechnol Adv 2001, 19:1-33.
13. Berezovski M., Krylov S.N. Nonequilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures-a single experiment reveals equilibrium and kinetic parameters of protein-DNA interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2002, 124:13674-13675.
14. Berezovski M.V., Musheev M.U., Drabovich A.P., Jitkova J.V., Krylov S.N. Non-SELEX: selection of aptamers without intermediate amplification of candidate oligonucleotides. Nat Protoc 2006, 1:1359-1369.
15. Berkhout B., Klaver B. In vivo selection of randomly mutated retroviral genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 1993, 21:5020-5024.
16. Bharat T.A., Davey N.E., Ulbrich P., Riches J.D., de Marco A., Rumlova M., Sachse C., Ruml T., Briggs J.A. Structure of the immature retroviral capsid at 8Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. Nature 2012, 487(7407):385-389.
17. Bouchard P.R., Hutabarat R.M., Thompson K.M. Discovery and development of therapeutic aptamers. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2010, 50:237-257.
18. Brieke C., Rohrbach F., Gottschalk A., Mayer G., Heckel A. Light-controlled tools. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012, 51(34):8446-8476.
19. Bruno J.G. In vitro selection of DNA to chloroaromatics using magnetic microbead-based affinity separation and fluorescence detection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997, 234:117-120.
20. BuffM.C., Schäfer F., Wulffen B., Müller J., Pötzsch B., Heckel A. Dependence of aptamer activity on opposed terminal extensions: improvement of light-regulation efficiency. Nucleic Acids Res 2010, 38(6):2111-2118.
21. Burke D.H., Willis J.H. Recombination, RNA evolution, and bifunctional RNA molecules isolated through chimeric SELEX. RNA 1998, 4(9):1165-1175.
22. Cella L.N., Sanchez P., Zhong W., Myung N.V., Chen W., Mulchandani A. Nano aptasensor for protective antigen toxin of anthrax. Anal Chem 2010, 82:2042-2047.
23. Chang Y.M., Donovan M.J., Tan W. Using aptamers for cancer biomarker discovery. J Nucleic Acids 2013, 2013:817350.
24. Charlton J., Sennello J., Smith D. In vivo imaging of inflammation using an aptamer inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase. Chem Biol 1997, 4:809-816.
25. Chen H., Hou Y., Qi F., Zhang J., Koh K., Shen Z., et al. Detection of vascular endothelial growth factor based on rolling circle amplification as a means of signal enhancement in surface plasmon resonance. Biosens Bioelectron 2014, 61C:83-87.
26. Cheng J., Teply B.A., SherifiI., Sung J., Luther G., Gu F.X., et al. Formulation of functionalized PLGA-PEG nanoparticles for in vivo targeted drug delivery. Biomaterials 2007, 28:869-876.
27. Cheng C., Chen Y.H., Lennox K.A., Behlke M.A., Davidson B.L. In vivo SELEX for identification of brain-penetrating aptamers. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2013, 2:e67.
28. Cho M., Xiao Y., Nie J., Stewart R., Csordas A.T., Oh S.S., et al. Quantitative selection of DNA aptamers through microfluidic selection and high-throughput sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107:15373-15378.
29. Chushak Y., Stone M.O. In silico selection of RNA aptamers. Nucleic Acids Res 2009, 37:e87.
30. Clackson T., Hoogenboom H.R., Griffiths A.D., Winter G. Making antibody fragments using phage display libraries. Nature 1991, 352:624-628.
31. Cruz-Toledo J., McKeague M., Zhang X., Giamberardino A., McConnell E., Francis T., et al. Aptamer Base: a collaborative knowledge base to describe aptamers and SELEX experiments. Database (Oxford) 2012, bas006.
32. Cunningham E.T., Adamis A.P., Altaweel M., Aiello L.P., Bressler N.M., D'Amico D.J., et al. A phase II randomized double-masked trial of Pegaptanib, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer, for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2005, 112:1747-1757.
33. Das R., Karanicolas J., Baker D. Atomic accuracy in predicting and designing noncanonical RNA structure. Nat Methods 2010, 7:291-294.
34. Dassie J.P., Giangrande P.H. Current progress on aptamer-targeted oligonucleotide therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2013, 4:1527-1546.
35. Dassie J.P., Liu X.Y., Thomas G.S., Whitaker R.M., Thiel K.W., Stockdale K.R., et al. Systemic administration of optimized aptamer-siRNA chimeras promotes regression of PSMA-expressing tumors. Nat Biotechnol 2009, 27:839-849.
36. Dausse E., Taouji S., Evadé L., Di Primo C., Chevet E., Toulmé J.J. HAPIscreen, a method for high-throughput aptamer identification. J Nanobiotechnol 2011, 9:25.
37. Detering C., Varani G. Validation of automated docking programs for docking and database screening against RNA drug targets. J Med Chem 2004, 47:4188-4201.
38. Dhar S., Gu F.X., Langer R., Farokhzad O.C., Lippard S.J. Targeted delivery of cisplatin to prostate cancer cells by aptamer functionalized Pt(IV) prodrug-PLGA-PEG nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008, 105(45):17356-17361.
39. Dhar S., Kolishetti N., Lippard S.J., Farokhzad O.C. Targeted delivery of a cisplatin prodrug for safer and more effective prostate cancer therapy in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011, 108:1850-1855.
40. Di Giusto D.A., WlassoffW.A., Gooding J.J., Messerle B.A., King G.C. Proximity extension of circular DNA aptamers with real-time protein detection. Nucleic Acids Res 2005, 33:e64.
41. Dittmar K.A., Jiang P., Park J.W., Amirikian K., Wan J., Shen S., et al. Genome-wide determination of a broad ESRP-regulated posttranscriptional network by high-throughput sequencing. Mol Cell Biol 2012, 32:1468-1482.
42. Ditzler M.A., Lange M.J., Bose D., Bottoms C.A., Virkler K.F., Sawyer A.W., et al. High-throughput sequence analysis reveals structural diversity and improved potency among RNA inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase. Nucleic Acids Res 2013, 41:1873-1884.
43. Doria-Rose N.A., Vogt V.M. In vivo selection of Rous sarcoma virus mutants with randomized sequences in the packaging signal. J Virol 1998, 72:8073-8082.
44. Drabovich A., Berezovski M., Krylov S.N. Selection of smart aptamers by equilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (ECEEM). J Am Chem Soc 2005, 127:11224-11225.
45. Duan N., Wu S., Chen X., Huang Y., Wang Z. Selection and identification of a DNA aptamer targeted to Vibrio parahemolyticus. J Agric Food Chem 2012, 60:4034-4038.
46. Dwivedi H.P., Smiley R.D., Jaykus L.A. Selection of DNA aptamers for capture and detection of Salmonella typhimurium using a whole-cell SELEX approach in conjunction with cell sorting. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013, 97:3677-3686.
47. Ellington A.D., Szostak J.W. In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands. Nature 1990, 346:818-822.
48. Elshafey R., Siaj M., Zourob M. In vitro selection, characterization, and biosensing application of high-affinity cylindrospermopsin-targeting aptamers. Anal Chem 2014, 86:9196-9203.
49. Eulberg D., Klussmann S. Spiegelmers: biostable aptamers. Chembiochem 2003, 4:979-983.
50. Falciani C., Lozzi L., Pini A., Bracci L. Bioactive peptides from libraries. Chem Biol 2005, 12:417-426.
51. Fan M., McBurnett S.R., Andrews C.J., Allman A.M., Bruno J.G., Kiel J.L. Aptamer selection express: a novel method for rapid single-step selection and sensing of aptamers. J Biomol Tech 2008, 19(5):311-319.
52. Farokhzad O.C., Cheng J., Teply B.A., SherifiI., Jon S., KantoffP.W., et al. Targeted nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for cancer chemotherapy in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103:6315-6320.
53. Förster C., Zydek M., Rothkegel M., Wu Z., Gallin C., Geßner R., et al. Properties of an LNA-modified ricin RNA aptamer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012, 419:60-65.
54. Fujimoto Y., Nakamura Y., Ohuchi S. HEXIM1-binding elements on mRNAs identified through transcriptomic SELEX and computational screening. Biochimie 2012, 94:1900-1909.
55. Gao J., Wang Y., Liu Z., Wang Z. Phage display and its application in vaccine design. Ann Microbiol 2010, 60:13-19.
56. Gening L.V., Klincheva S.A., Reshetnjak A., Grollman A.P., Miller H. RNA aptamers selected against DNA polymerase beta inhibit the polymerase activities of DNA polymerases beta and kappa. Nucleic Acids Res 2006, 34:2579-2586.
57. Golden M.C., Collins B.D., Willis M.C., Koch T.H. Diagnostic potential of PhotoSELEX-evolved ssDNA aptamers. J Biotechnol 2000, 81(2-3):167-178.
58. Gong Q., Wang J., Ahmad K.M., Csordas A.T., Zhou J., Nie J., et al. Selection strategy to generate aptamer pairs that bind to distinct sites on protein targets. Anal Chem 2012, 84:5365-5371.
59. Gupta A., Onda M., Pastan I., Adhya S., Chaudhary V.K. High-density functional display of proteins on bacteriophage lambda. J Mol Biol 2003, 334:241-254.
60. Hammers C.M., Stanley J.R. Antibody phage display: technique and applications. J Invest Dermatol 2013, 134:e17.
61. He M., Taussig M.J. Ribosome display: cell-free protein display technology. Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic 2002, 1:204-212.
62. Henry M., Debarbieux L. Tools from viruses: bacteriophage successes and beyond. Virology 2012, 434:151-161.
63. Herdewijn P., Marlière P. Toward safe genetically modified organisms through the chemical diversification of nucleic acids. Chem Biodivers 2009, 6(6):791-808.
64. Hicke B.J., Marion C., Chang Y.F., Gould T., Lynott C.K., Parma D., et al. Tenascin-C aptamers are generated using tumor cells and purified protein. J Biol Chem 2001, 276(52):48644-48654.
65. Hicke B.J., Stephens A.W., Gould T., Chang Y.F., Lynott C.K., et al. Tumor targeting by an aptamer. J Nucl Med 2006, 47:668-678.
66. Hoinka J., Zotenko E., Friedman A., Sauna Z.E., Przytycka T.M. Identification of sequence-structure RNA binding motifs for SELEX-derived aptamers. Bioinformatics 2012, 28:i215-i223.
67. Hong H., Goel S., Zhang Y., Cai W. Molecular imaging with nucleic acid aptamers. Curr Med Chem 2011, 18:4195-4205.
68. Hoogenboom H.R., de Bruine A.P., Hufton S.E., Hoet R.M., Arends J.W., Roovers R.C. Antibody phage display technology and its applications. Immunotechnology 1998, 4:1-20.
69. Hoppe-Seyler F., Crnkovic-Mertens I., Denk C., Fitscher B.A., Klevenz B., Tomai E., et al. Peptide aptamers: new tools to study protein interactions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2001, 78:105-111.
70. Hu Y., Duan J., Zhan Q., Wang F., Lu X., Yang X.-D. Novel MUC1 aptamer selectively delivers cytotoxic agent to cancer cells in vitro. PLoS One 2012, 7:e31970.
71. Iida M., Yoshida T., Watari A., Yagi K., Hamakubo T., Kondoh M. A baculoviral display system to assay viral entry. Biol Pharm Bull 2013, 36:1867-1869.
72. Ikebukuro K., Yoshida W., Noma T., Sode K. Analysis of the evolution of the thrombin-inhibiting DNA aptamers using a genetic algorithm. Biotechnol Lett 2006, 28:1933-1937.
73. Ireson C.R., Kelland L.R. Discovery and development of anticancer aptamers. Mol Cancer Ther 2006, 5(12):2957-2962.
74. Jagannathan V., Roulet E., Delorenzi M., Bucher P. HTPSELEX-a database of high-throughput SELEX libraries for transcription factor binding sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2006, 34:D90-D94.
75. James W.C. Aptamers. Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry 2000, 4848-4871. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester. R.A. Meyers (Ed.).
76. Jayasena S.D. Aptamers: an emerging class of molecules that rival antibodies in diagnostics. Clin Chem 1999, 45:1628-1650.
77. Jensen K.B., Atkinson B.L., Willis M.C., Koch T.H., Gold L. Using in vitro selection to direct the covalent attachment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev protein to high-affinity RNA ligands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995, 92(26):12220-12224.
78. Jiang P., Meyer S., Hou Z., Propson N.E., Soh H.T., Thomson J.A., et al. MPBind: a meta-motif-based statistical framework and pipeline to predict binding potential of SELEX-derived aptamers. Bioinformatics 2014, 30(18):2265-2267.
79. Jiménez E., Sefah K., López-Colón D., Van Simaeys D., Chen H.W., Tockman M.S., et al. Generation of lung adenocarcinoma DNA aptamers for cancer studies. PLoS One 2012, 7:e46222.
80. Jing M., Bowser M.T. Isolation of DNA aptamers using micro free flow electrophoresis. Lab Chip 2011, 11:3703-3709.
81. Jolma A., Kivioja T., Toivonen J., Cheng L., Wei G., Enge M., et al. Multiplexed massively parallel SELEX for characterization of human transcription factor binding specificities. Genome Res 2010, 20:861-873.
82. Jung Y.K., Lee T., Shin E., Kim B.S. Highly tunable aptasensing microarrays with graphene oxide multilayers. Sci Rep 2013, 3:3367.
83. 2+. J Inorg Biochem 2000, 82(1-4):197-206.
84. Kempeni J. Preliminary results of early clinical trials with the fully human anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody D2E7. Ann Rheum Dis 1999, 58:170-172.
85. Khati M., Schüman M., Ibrahim J., Sattentau Q., Gordon S., James W. Neutralization of infectivity of diverse R5 clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by gp120-binding 2'F-RNA aptamers. J Virol 2003, 77(23):12692-12698.
86. Kiel JL, Holwitt EA, Fan M, Roper SD, Methods and compositions for a process of rapid selection and production of DNA, patent pending, Patent and Trademark Office 2008.
87. Kiilerich-Pedersen K., Daprà J., Cherré S., Rozlosnik N. High sensitivity point-of-care device for direct virus diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2013, 49:374-379.
88. Kim Y.S., Gu M.B. Advances in aptamer screening and small molecule aptasensors. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2014, 140:29-67.
89. Kim Y.S., Hyun C.J., Kim I.A., Gu M.B. Isolation and characterization of enantioselective DNA aptamers for ibuprofen. Bioorg Med Chem 2010, 18:3467-3473.
90. Kim Y.S., Song M.Y., Jurng J., Kim B.C. Isolation and characterization of DNA aptamers against Escherichia coli using a bacterial cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment approach. Anal Biochem 2013, 436:22-28.
91. Kim J.W., Kim E.Y., Kim S.Y., Byun S.K., Lee D., Oh K.J. Identification of DNA aptamers toward epithelial cell adhesion molecule via cell-SELEX. Mol Cells 2014, 37:742-746.
92. Klussmann S., Nolte A., Bald R., Erdmann V.A., Fürste J.P. Mirror-image RNA that binds d-adenosine. Nat Biotechnol 1996, 14(9):1112-1115.
93. Knight C.G., Platt M., Rowe W., Wedge D.C., Khan F., Day P.J., et al. Array-based evolution of DNA aptamers allows modelling of an explicit sequence-fitness landscape. Nucleic Acids Res 2009, 37:e6.
94. Kolishetti N., Dhar S., Valencia P.M., Lin L.Q., Karnik R., Lippard S.J., et al. Engineering of self-assembled nanoparticle platform for precisely controlled combination drug therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107(42):17939-17944.
95. Kronqvist N., Löfblom J., Jonsson A., Wernérus H., Ståhl S. A novel affinity protein selection system based on staphylococcal cell surface display and flow cytometry. Protein Eng Des Sel 2008, 21:247-255.
96. Kunii T., Ogura S., Mie M., Kobatake E. Selection of DNA aptamers recognizing small cell lung cancer using living cell-SELEX. Analyst 2011, 136:1310-1312.
97. Lai Y.T., DeStefano J.J. A primer-free method that selects high-affinity single-stranded DNA aptamers using thermostable RNA ligase. Anal Biochem 2011, 414:246-253.
98. Lai J.C., Hong C.Y. Magnetic-assisted rapid aptamer selection (MARAS) for generating high-affinity DNA aptamer using rotating magnetic fields. ACS Comb Sci 2014, 16(7):321-327.
99. Lai H.C., Wang C.H., Liou T.M., Lee G.B. Influenza A virus-specific aptamers screened by using an integrated microfluidic system. Lab Chip 2014, 14(12):2002-2013.
100. Lakhin A.V., Kazakov A.A., Makarova A.V., Pavlov Y.I., Efremova A.S., Shram S.I. Isolation and characterization of high affinity aptamers against DNA polymerase iota. Nucleic Acids Ther 2012, 22:49-57.
101. Lao Y.H., Chiang H.Y., Yang D.K., Peck K., Chen L.C. Selection of aptamers targeting the sialic acid receptor of hemagglutinin by epitope-specific SELEX. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014, 50(63):8719-8722.
102. Lauridsen L.H., Shamaileh H.A., Edwards S.L., Taran E., Veedu R.N. Rapid one-step selection method for generating nucleic acid aptamers: development of a DNA aptamer against α-bungarotoxin. PLoS One 2012, 7:e41702.
103. Layzer J.M., Sullenger B.A. Simultaneous generation of aptamers to multiple gamma-carboxyglutamic acid proteins from a focused aptamer library using DeSELEX and convergent selection. Oligonucleotides 2007, 17(1):1-11.
104. Lee S.W., Sullenger B.A. Isolation of a nuclease-resistant decoy RNA that can protect human acetylcholine receptors from myasthenic antibodies. Nat Biotechnol 1997, 15:41-45.
105. Lee J.F., Hesselberth J.R., Meyers L.A., Ellington A.D. Aptamer database. Nucleic Acids Res 2004, 32(Database issue):D95-D100.
106. Li S., Xu H., Ding H., Huang Y., Cao X., Yang G., et al. Identification of an aptamer targeting hnRNP A1 by tissue slide-based SELEX. J Pathol 2009, 218(3):327-336.
107. Li L., Xiang D., Shigdar S., Yang W., Li Q., Lin J., Liu K., Duan W. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule aptamer functionalized PLGA-lecithin-curcumin-PEG nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014, 9:1083-1096.
108. Li W.M., Bing T., Wei J.Y., Chen Z.Z., Shangguan D.H., Fang J. Cell-SELEX-based selection of aptamers that recognize distinct targets on metastatic colorectal cancer cells. Biomaterials 2014, 35(25):6998-7007.
109. Liang H.R., Hu G.Q., Zhang T., Yang Y.J., Zhao L.L., Qi Y.L., et al. Isolation of ssDNA aptamers that inhibit rabies virus. Int Immunopharmacol 2012, 14:341-347.
110. Lin H.I., Wu C.C., Yang C.H., Chang K.W., Lee G.B., Shiesh S.C. Selection of aptamers specific for glycated hemoglobin and total hemoglobin using on-chip SELEX. Lab Chip 2014, 15:486-494.
111. Liu Y., Kuan C.T., Mi J., Zhang X., Clary B.M., Bigner D.D. Aptamers selected against the unglycosylated EGFRvIII ectodomain and delivered intracellularly reduce membrane-bound EGFRvIII and induce apoptosis. Biol Chem 2009, 390:137-144.
112. Liu J., Liu H., Sefah K., Liu B., Pu Y., Van Simaeys D., et al. Selection of aptamers specific for adipose tissue. PLoS One 2012, 7:e37789.
113. Lorenz C., von Pelchrzim F., Schroeder R. Genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (genomic SELEX) for the identification of protein-binding RNAs independent of their expression levels. Nat Protoc 2006, 1(5):2204-2212.
114. Lorenz C., Gesell T., Zimmermann B., Schoeberl U., Bilusic I., Rajkowitsch L., et al. Genomic SELEX for Hfq-binding RNAs identifies genomic aptamers predominantly in antisense transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res 2010, 38:3794-3808.
115. Lou X., Qian J., Xiao Y., Viel L., Gerdon A.E., Lagally E.T., et al. Micromagnetic selection of aptamers in microfluidic channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106:2989-2994.
116. Lupold S.E., Hicke B.J., Lin Y., Coffey D.S. Identification and characterization of nuclease-stabilized RNA molecules that bind human prostate cancer cells via the prostate-specific membrane antigen. Cancer Res 2002, 62:4029-4033.
117. Maasch C., Buchner K., Eulberg D., VonhoffS., Klussmann S. Physicochemical stability of NOX-E36, a 40mer L-RNA (Spiegelmer) for therapeutic applications. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf) 2008, 52:61-62.
118. Mallikaratchy P., Stahelin R.V., Cao Z., Cho W., Tan W. Selection of DNA ligands for protein kinase C-delta. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006, 30:3229-3231.
119. Mallikaratchy P., Tang Z., Kwame S., Meng L., Shangguan D., Tan W. Aptamer directly evolved from live cells recognizes membrane bound immunoglobin heavy mu chain in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007, 6:2230-2238.
120. Martell R.E., Nevins J.R., Sullenger B.A. Optimizing aptamer activity for gene therapy applications using expression cassette SELEX. Mol Ther 2002, 6(1):30-34.
121. Mayer G., Ahmed M.S., Dolf A., Endl E., Knolle P.A., Famulok M. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting for aptamer SELEX with cell mixtures. Nat Protoc 2010, 5(12):1993-2004.
122. McCafferty J., Griffiths A.D., Winter G., Chiswell D.J. Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains. Nature 1990, 348:552-554.
123. McNamara J.O., Andrechek E.R., Wang Y., Viles K.D., Rempel R.E., Gilboa E. Cell type-specific delivery of siRNAs with aptamer-siRNA chimeras. Nat Biotechnol 2006, 24:1005-1015.
124. Mehta J., Van Dorst B., Devriese L., Rouah-Martin E., Bekaert K., Somers K., et al. The use of phages and aptamers as alternatives to antibodies in medical and food diagnostics. Biomedical engineering, trends, research and technologies 2011, 450. InTech, Rijeka. M.A. Komorowska, S. Olsztynska-Janus (Eds.).
125. Mendonsa S.D., Bowser M.T. In vitro evolution of functional DNA using capillary electrophoresis. J Am Chem Soc 2004, 126:20-21.
126. Mendonsa S.D., Bowser M.T. In vitro selection of high-affinity DNA ligands for human IgE using capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2004, 76:5387-5392.
127. Mendonsa S.D., Bowser M.T. In vitro selection of aptamers with affinity for neuropeptide Y using capillary electrophoresis. J Am Chem Soc 2005, 127:9382-9383.
128. Meyer M., Scheper T., Walter J.G. Aptamers: versatile probes for flow cytometry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013, 97:7097-7109.
129. Mi J., Liu Y., Rabbani Z.N., Yang Z., Urban J.H., Sullenger B.A., et al. In vivo selection of tumor-targeting RNA motifs. Nat Chem Biol 2010, 6:22-24.
130. Morris K.N., Jensen K.B., Julin C.M., Weil M., Gold L. High affinity ligands from in vitro selection: complex targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998, 95(6):2902-2907.
131. Mosing R.K., Mendonsa S.D., Bowser M.T. Capillary electrophoresis-SELEX selection of aptamers with affinity for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Anal Chem 2005, 77:6107-6112.
132. Mottershead D., van der Linden I., von BonsdorffC.H., Keinänen K., Oker-Blom C. Baculoviral display of the green fluorescent protein and rubella virus envelope proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997, 238:717-722.
133. Nagarkatti R., Bist V., Sun S., Fortes de Araujo F., Nakhasi H.L., Debrabant A. Development of an aptamer-based concentration method for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in blood. PLoS One 2012, 7:e43533.
134. NeffC.P., Zhou J., Remling L., Kuruvilla J., Zhang J., Li H., et al. An aptamer-siRNA chimera suppresses HIV-1 viral loads and protects from helper CD4(+) T cell decline in humanized mice. Sci Transl Med 2011, 3:66ra6.
135. Ng E.W., Adamis A.P. Anti-VEGF aptamer (Pegaptanib) therapy for ocular vascular diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 1082:151-171.
136. Ng E.W., Shima D.T., Calias P., Cunningham E.T., Guyer D.R., Adamis A.P. Pegaptanib, a targeted anti-VEGF aptamer for ocular vascular disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006, 5:123-132.
137. Ni X., Zhang Y., Ribas J., Chowdhury W.H., Castanares M., Zhang Z., et al. Prostate-targeted radiosensitization via aptamer-shRNA chimeras in human tumor xenografts. J Clin Invest 2011, 121:2383-2390.
138. Ninomiya K., Kaneda K., Kawashima S., Miyachi Y., Ogino C., Shimizu N. Cell-SELEX based selection and characterization of DNA aptamer recognizing human hepatocarcinoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013, 23:1797-1802.
139. Nitsche A., Kurth A., Dunkhorst A., Pänke O., SielaffH., Junge W., et al. One-step selection of Vaccinia virus-binding DNA aptamers by MonoLEX. BMC Biotechnol 2007, 7:48.
140. Nonaka Y., Yoshida W., Abe K., Ferri S., Schulze H., Bachmann T.T., et al. Affinity improvement of a VEGF aptamer by in silico maturation for a sensitive VEGF-detection system. Anal Chem 2013, 85(2):1132-1137.
141. Oh S.S., Qian J., Lou X., Zhang Y., Xiao Y., Soh H.T. Generation of highly specific aptamers via micromagnetic selection. Anal Chem 2009, 81:5490-5495.
142. Ohuchi S.P., Ohtsu T., Nakamura Y. Selection of RNA aptamers against recombinant transforming growth factor-beta type III receptor displayed on cell surface. Biochimie 2006, 88(7):897-904.
143. Okhonin V., Berezovski M., Krylov S.N. Sweeping capillary electrophoresis: a non-stopped-flow method for measuring bimolecular rate constant of complex formation between protein and DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2004, 126:7166-7167.
144. Padilla R., Sousa R. A Y639F/H784A T7 RNA polymerase double mutant displays superior properties for synthesizing RNAs with non-canonical NTPs. Nucleic Acids Res 2002, 30:e138.
145. Pagratis N.C., Bell C., Chang Y.F., Jennings S., Fitzwater T., Jellinek D., et al. Potent 2'-amino-, and 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyribonucleotide RNA inhibitors of keratinocyte growth factor. Nat Biotechnol 1997, 15:68-73.
146. Pagratis N, Gold L, Shtatland T, Javornik B. Truncation SELEX method. USA Patent 2001; No. 09/275,850.
147. Pan W., Xin P., Clawson G.A. Minimal primer and primer-free SELEX protocols for selection of aptamers from random DNA libraries. Biotechniques 2008, 44:351-360.
148. Pan W., Xin P., Patrick S., Dean S., Keating C., Clawson G. Primer-free aptamer selection using a random DNA library. J Vis Exp 2010, 41:2039.
149. Parekh P., Kamble S., Zhao N., Zeng Z., Portier B.P., Zu Y., et al. Immunotherapy of CD30-expressing lymphoma using a highly stable ssDNA aptamer. Biomaterials 2013, 34(35):8909-8917.
150. Park S.M., Ahn J.Y., Jo M., Lee D.K., Lis J.T., Craighead H.G., et al. Selection and elution of aptamers using nanoporous sol-gel arrays with integrated microheaters. Lab Chip 2009, 9(9):1206-1212.
151. Park J.W., Tatavarty R., Kim D.W., Jung H.T., Gu M.B. Immobilization-free screening of aptamers assisted by graphene oxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012, 48(15):2071-2073.
152. Parmley S.F., Smith G.P. Antibody-selectable filamentous fd phage vectors: affinity purification of target genes. Gene 1988, 73:305-318.
153. Pasqualini R., Ruoslahti E. Organ targeting in vivo using phage display peptide libraries. Nature 1996, 380:364-366.
154. Pasut G., Veronese F.M. State of the art in PEGylation: the great versatility achieved after forty years of research. J Control Release 2012, 161:461-472.
155. Pavoni E., Vaccaro P., D'Alessio V., De Santis R., Minenkova O. Simultaneous display of two large proteins on the head and tail of bacteriophage lambda. BMC Biotechnol 2013, 13:79.
156. Pei X., Zhang J., Liu J. Clinical applications of nucleic acid aptamers in cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2014, 2:341-348.
157. Peng L., Stephens B.J., Bonin K., Cubicciotti R., Guthold M. A combined atomic force/fluorescence microscopy technique to select aptamers in a single cycle from a small pool of random oligonucleotides. Microsc Res Tech 2007, 70:372-381.
158. Petrenko V.A., Vodyanoy V.J. Phage display for detection of biological threat agents. J Microbiol Methods 2003, 53:253-262.
159. Pieve C.D., Perkins A.C., Missailidis S. Anti-MUC1 aptamers: radiolabelling with (99m)Tc and biodistribution in MCF-7 tumour-bearing mice. Nucl Med Biol 2009, 36:703-710.
160. Pinheiro V.B., Taylor A.I., Cozens C., Abramov M., Renders M., Zhang S., et al. Synthetic genetic polymers capable of heredity and evolution. Science 2012, 336(6079):341-344.
161. Platt M., Rowe W., Wedge D.C., Kell D.B., Knowles J., Day P.J. Aptamer evolution for array-based diagnostics. Anal Biochem 2009, 390:203-205.
162. Ponomarenko J.V., Orlova G.V., Ponomarenko M.P., Lavryushev S.V., Frolov A.S., Zybova S.V., et al. SELEX_DB: an activated database on selected randomized DNA/RNA sequences addressed to genomic sequence annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 2000, 28:205-208.
163. Rahrig R.R., Leontis N.B., Zirbel C.L. R3D align: global pairwise alignment of RNA 3D structures using local superpositions. Bioinformatics 2010, 26:2689-2697.
164. Ray P., Viles K.D., Soule E.E., WoodruffR.S. Application of aptamers for targeted therapeutics. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013, 61:255-271.
165. Reiss D.J., Howard F.M., Mobley H.L. A novel approach for transcription factor analysis using SELEX with high-throughput sequencing (TFAST). PLoS One 2012, 7:e42761.
166. Rhodes A., Deakin A., Spaull J., Coomber B., Aitken A., Life P., et al. The generation and characterization of antagonist RNA aptamers to human oncostatin M. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:28555-28561.
167. Rotherham L.S., Maserumule C., Dheda K., Theron J., Khati M. Selection and application of ssDNA aptamers to detect active TB from sputum samples. PLoS One 2012, 7:e46862.
168. Roulet E., Busso S., Camargo A.A., Simpson A.J., Mermod N., Bucher P. High-throughput SELEX SAGE method for quantitative modeling of transcription-factor binding sites. Nat Biotechnol 2002, 20:831-835.
169. Ruckman J., Green L.S., Beeson J., Waugh S., Gillette W.L., Henninger D.D., et al. 2'-Fluoropyrimidine RNA-based aptamers to the 165-amino acid form of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165). Inhibition of receptor binding and VEGF-induced vascular permeability through interactions requiring the exon 7-encoded domain. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:20556-20567.
170. Rusconi C.P., Scardino E., Layzer J., Pitoc G.A., Ortel T.L., Monroe D. RNA aptamers as reversible antagonists of coagulation factor IXa. Nature 2002, 419:90-94.
171. Rutherford N., Mourez M. Surface display of proteins by Gram-negative bacterial autotransporters. Microb Cell Fact 2006, 5:22.
172. Samuelson P., Gunneriusson E., Nygren P.A., Stahl S. Display of proteins on bacteria. J Biotechnol 2002, 96:129-154.
173. Sarver M., Zirbel C.L., Stombaugh J., Mokdad A., Leontis N.B. FR3D: finding local and composite recurrent structural motifs in RNA 3D structures. J Math Biol 2008, 56:215-252.
174. Savla R., Taratula O., Garbuzenko O., Minko T. Tumor targeted quantum dot-mucin 1 aptamer-doxorubicin conjugate for imaging and treatment of cancer. J Control Release 2011, 153(1):16-22.
175. Savory N., Abe K., Sode K., Ikebukuro K. Selection of DNA aptamer against prostate specific antigen using a genetic algorithm and application to sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2010, 26:1386-1391.
176. Savory N., Lednor D., Tsukakoshi K., Abe K., Yoshida W., Ferri S., et al. In silico maturation of binding-specificity of DNA aptamers against Proteus mirabilis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013, 110:2573-2580.
177. Savory N., Takahashi Y., Tsukakoshi K., Hasegawa H., Takase M., Abe K., et al. Simultaneous improvement of specificity and affinity of aptamers against Streptococcus mutans by in silico maturation for biosensor development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014, 111:454-461.
178. Schaffitzel C., Hanes J., Jermutus L., Plückthun A. Ribosome display: an in vitro method for selection and evolution of antibodies from libraries. J Immunol Methods 1999, 231:119-135.
179. Schmidt K.S., Borkowski S., Kurreck J., Stephens A.W., Bald R., Hecht M., et al. Application of locked nucleic acids to improve aptamer in vivo stability and targeting function. Nucleic Acids Res 2004, 32:5757-5765.
180. Sefah K., Yang Z., Bradley K.M., Hoshika S., Jiménez E., Zhang L., et al. In vitro selection with artificial expanded genetic information systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014, 111:1449-1454.
181. Shangguan D., Cao Z., Meng L., Mallikaratchy P., Sefah K., Wang H., et al. Cell-specific aptamer probes for membrane protein elucidation in cancer cells. J Proteome Res 2008, 7:2133-2139.
182. Shazman S., Lee H., Socol Y., Mann R.S., Honig B. OnTheFly: a database of Drosophila melanogaster transcription factors and their binding sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2014, 42:D167-D171.
183. Shi H., He X., Wang K., Wu X., Ye X., Guo Q., et al. Activatable aptamer probe for contrast-enhanced in vivo cancer imaging based on cell membrane protein-triggered conformation alteration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011, 108:3900-3905.
184. Shigdar S., Qiao L., Zhou S.F., Xiang D., Wang T., Li Y., et al. RNA aptamers targeting cancer stem cell marker CD133. Cancer Lett 2013, 330:84-95.
185. Shin S., Kim I.H., Kang W., Yang J.K., Hah S.S. An alternative to Western blot analysis using RNA aptamer-functionalized quantum dots. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010, 20:3322-3325.
186. Slattery M., Riley T., Liu P., Abe N., Gomez-Alcala P., Dror I., et al. Cofactor binding evokes latent differences in DNA binding specificity between Hox proteins. Cell 2011, 147:1270-1282.
187. Smith G.P. Filamentous fusion phage: novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface. Science 1985, 228:1315-1317.
188. Smith JD, Gold L. Transcription-free SELEX. USA Patent 2002; No.: 6,387,620.
189. Smith JD, Gold L. Conditional SELEX. USA Patent 2004; No.:6,706,482.
190. Smith D., Kirschenheuter G.P., Charlton J., Guidot D.M., Repine J.E. In vitro selection of RNA-based irreversible inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Chem Biol 1995, 2(11):741-750.
191. Sosic A., Meneghello A., Antognoli A., Cretaio E., Gatto B. Development of a multiplex sandwich aptamer microarray for the detection of VEGF165 and thrombin. Sensors (Basel) 2013, 13:13425-13438.
192. Stahl S., Uhlén M. Bacterial surface display: trends and progress. Trends Biotechnol 1997, 15:185-192.
193. Stoltenburg R., Reinemann C., Strehlitz B. FluMag-SELEX as an advantageous method for DNA aptamer selection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005, 383:83-91.
194. Stoltenburg R., Reinemann C., Strehlitz B. SELEX-a (r)evolutionary method to generate high-affinity nucleic acid ligands. Biomol Eng 2007, 24(4):381-403.
195. Stoltenburg R., Nikolaus N., Strehlitz B. Capture-SELEX: selection of DNA aptamers for aminoglycoside antibiotics. J Anal Methods Chem 2012, 2012:415697.
196. Sundaram P., Kurniawan H., Byrne M.E., Wower J. Therapeutic RNA aptamers in clinical trials. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013, 48(1-2):259-271.
197. Szeto K., Latulippe D.R., Ozer A., Pagano J.M., White B.S., Shalloway D., et al. RAPID-SELEX for RNA aptamers. PLoS One 2013, 8(12):e82667.
198. Takahashi M., Minakawa N., Matsuda A. Synthesis and characterization of 2'-modified-4'-thioRNA: a comprehensive comparison of nuclease stability. Nucleic Acids Res 2009, 37:1353-1362.
199. Takahashi M., Nagai C., Hatakeyama H., Minakawa N., Harashima H., Matsuda A. Intracellular stability of 2'-OMe-4'-thioribonucleoside modified siRNA leads to long-term RNAi effect. Nucleic Acids Res 2012, 40:5787-5793.
200. Tang J., Xie J., Shao N., Yan Y. The DNA aptamers that specifically recognize ricin toxin are selected by two in vitro selection methods. Electrophoresis 2006, 27:1303-1311.
201. Thakur M.S., Ragavan K.V. Biosensors in food processing. J Food Sci Technol 2013, 50:625-641.
202. Thiel W.H., Bair T., Peek A.S., Liu X., Dassie J., Stockdale K.R., et al. Rapid identification of cell-specific, internalizing RNA aptamers with bioinformatics analyses of a cell-based aptamer selection. PLoS One 2012, 7:e43836.
203. Thiel K.W., Hernandez L.I., Dassie J.P., Thiel W.H., Liu X., Stockdale K.R., et al. Delivery of chemo-sensitizing siRNAs to HER2+-breast cancer cells using RNA aptamers. Nucleic Acids Res 2012, 40:6319-6337.
204. Thodima V., Pirooznia M., Deng Y. RiboaptDB: a comprehensive database of ribozymes and aptamers. BMC Bioinforma 2006, 7:S6.
205. Tok J.B., Fischer N.O. Single microbead SELEX for efficient ssDNA aptamer generation against botulinum neurotoxin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008, 16:1883-1885.
206. Tok J., Lai J., Leung T., Li S.F. Selection of aptamers for signal transduction proteins by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010, 31:2055-2062.
207. Tonelli R.R., Colli W., Alves M.J. Selection of binding targets in parasites using phage-display and aptamer libraries in vivo and in vitro. Front Immunol 2013, 3:419.
208. Tuerk C., Gold L. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. Science 1990, 249:505-510.
209. Ulbrich P., Haubova S., Nermut M.V., Hunter E., Rumlova M., Ruml T. Distinct roles for nucleic acid in in vitro assembly of purified Mason-Pfizer monkey virus CANC proteins. J Virol 2006, 80(14):7089-7099.
210. Ullman E.F., Kirakossian H., Switchenko A.C., Ishkanian J., Ericson M., Wartchow C.A., et al. Luminescent oxygen channeling assay (LOCI): sensitive, broadly applicable homogeneous immunoassay method. Clin Chem 1996, 42:1518-1526.
211. van Bel N., Das A.T., Berkhout B. In vivo SELEX of single-stranded domains in the HIV-1 leader RNA. J Virol 2014, 88:1870-1880.
212. Vater A., Jarosch F., Buchner K., Klussmann S. Short bioactive Spiegelmers to migraine-associated calcitonin gene-related peptide rapidly identified by a novel approach: tailored-SELEX. Nucleic Acids Res 2003, 31(21):e130.
213. Voráčková I., Ulbrich P., Diehl W.E., Ruml T. Engineered retroviral virus-like particles for receptor targeting. Arch Virol 2014, 159(4):677-688.
214. Wang A.Z., Farokhzad O.C. Current progress of aptamer-based molecular imaging. J Nucl Med 2014, 55(3):353-356.
215. Wang C., Zhang M., Yang G., Zhang D., Ding H., Wang H., et al. Single-stranded DNA aptamers that bind differentiated but not parental cells: subtractive systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. J Biotechnol 2003, 102(1):15-22.
216. Wang C., Yang G., Luo Z., Ding H. In vitro selection of high-affinity DNA aptamers for streptavidin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2009, 41:335-340.
217. Wang H., Chen Y., Tan W. Aptamer selection, phage display, and sensor development. Chemosensors: principles, strategies, and applications 2011, 192. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. B. Wang, E.V. Anslyn (Eds.).
218. Wang J., Gong Q., Maheshwari N., Eisenstein M., Arcila M.L., Kosik K.S., et al. Particle display: a quantitative screening method for generating high-affinity aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014, 53(19):4796-4801.
219. Wang Q., Liu W., Xing Y., Yang X., Wang K., Jiang R., et al. Screening of DNA aptamers against myoglobin using positive and negative selection units integrated microfluidic chip and its biosensing application. Anal Chem 2014, 86(13):6572-6579.
220. Wang Y., Luo Y., Bing T., Chen Z., Lu M., Zhang N., et al. DNA aptamer evolved by cell-SELEX for recognition of prostate cancer. PLoS One 2014, 9(6):e100243.
221. Waybrant B., Pearce T.R., Wang P., Sreevatsan S., Kokkoli E. Development and characterization of an aptamer binding ligand of fractalkine using domain targeted SELEX. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012, 48(80):10043-10045.
222. Wen J.D., Gray D.M. Selection of genomic sequences that bind tightly to Ff gene 5 protein: primer-free genomic SELEX. Nucleic Acids Res 2004, 32:e182.
223. Wheeler L.A., Trifonova R., Vrbanac V., Basar E., McKernan S., Xu Z. Inhibition of HIV transmission in human cervicovaginal explants and humanized mice using CD4 aptamer-siRNA chimeras. J Clin Invest 2011, 121(6):2401-2412.
224. White R., Rusconi C., Scardino E., Wolberg A., Lawson J., Hoffman M., et al. Generation of species cross-reactive aptamers using "toggle" SELEX. Mol Ther 2001, 4(6):567-573.
225. Winter G., Milstein C. Man-made antibodies. Nature 1991, 349:293-299.
226. Winter G., Griffiths A.D., Hawkins R.E., Hoogenboom H.R. Making antibodies by phage display technology. Annu Rev Immunol 1994, 12:433-455.
227. Wu L., Curran J.F. An allosteric synthetic DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1999, 27(6):1512-1516.
228. Xing H., Tang L., Yang X., Hwang K., Wang W., Yin Q., et al. Selective delivery of an anticancer drug with aptamer-functionalized liposomes to breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. J Mater Chem B Mater Biol Med 2013, 1(39):5288-5297.
229. Xu S., Yuan H., Chen S., Xu A., Wang J., Wu L. Selection of DNA aptamers against polychlorinated biphenyls as potential biorecognition elements for environmental analysis. Anal Biochem 2012, 423:195-201.
230. Zahnd C., Amstutz P., Plückthun A. Ribosome display: selecting and evolving proteins in vitro that specifically bind to a target. Nat Methods 2007, 4:269-279.
231. Zhang S., Kumar K., Jiang X., Wallqvist A., Reifman J. DOVIS: an implementation for high-throughput virtual screening using AutoDock. BMC Bioinforma 2008, 9:126.
232. Zhang W.Y., Zhang W., Liu Z., Li C., Zhu Z., Yang C.J. Highly parallel single-molecule amplification approach based on agarose droplet polymerase chain reaction for efficient and cost-effective aptamer selection. Anal Chem 2012, 84:350-355.
233. Zhang J., Liu B., Liu H., Zhang X., Tan W. Aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles for bioanalysis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013, 8:983-993.
234. Zhang H., Hou L., Jiao X., Yandan J., Zhu X., Hongji L., et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antitumor drug-loaded aptamer targeted single-walled carbon nanotubes system. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2014, 14(13):1105-1117.
235. Zhao Q., Li X.F., Shao Y., Le X.C. Aptamer-based affinity chromatographic assays for thrombin. Anal Chem 2008, 80:7586-7593.
236. Zhu Z., Song Y., Li C., Zou Y., Zhu L., An Y., Yang C.J. Monoclonal surface display SELEX for simple, rapid, efficient, and cost-effective aptamer enrichment and identification. Anal Chem 2014, 86(12):5881-5888.
237. Zou J., Dickerson M.T., Owen N.K., Landon L.A., Deutscher S.L. Biodistribution of filamentous phage peptide libraries in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2004, 31:121-129.
238. Zurita A.J., Troncoso P., Cardó-Vila M., Logothetis C.J., Pasqualini R., Arap W. Combinatorial screenings in patients: the interleukin-11 receptor alpha as a candidate target in the progression of human prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2004, 64:435-439.