Dietary polyphenols regulate endothelial function and prevent cardiovascular disease

Nutrition

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 28-37

  Yamagata, Kazuo ^a   Tagami, Motoki ^b   Yamori, Yukio ^c  

^a NIHON UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b University of Tokyo   (Japan)

^c MUKOGAWA WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Endothelial cells; Epidemiologic study; Epigallocatechin 3 gallate; Nitric oxide; Polyphenol

Indexed keywords

APIGENIN; ARYLDIALKYLPHOSPHATASE 1; CAFFEIC ACID; CALCIUM CALMODULIN DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE; CASEIN; CHLOROGENIC ACID; CHRYSANTHEMUM MORIFOLIUM EXTRACT; DAIDZEIN; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; ENDOTHELIN 1; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; FLAVANOL DERIVATIVE; FLAVANONE; FLAVONE; FLAVONOID; FLAVONOL; GALLIC ACID; GENISTEIN; ISOFLAVONE; LUTEOLIN; NITRIC OXIDE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PLANT EXTRACT; POLYPHENOL; QUERCETIN; RESVERATROL; SOYBEAN PROTEIN; TANNIN DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ARYLDIALKYLPHOSPHATASE; CATECHIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; NOS3 PROTEIN, HUMAN; PON1 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; APPLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BRAIN INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRYSANTHEMUM MORIFOLIUM; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY INTAKE; DRUG BILE LEVEL; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG FECES LEVEL; DRUG URINE LEVEL; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; FRUIT; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; ONION; ORANGE JUICE; PARSLEY; RED WINE; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SOYBEAN MILK; TEA; VEGETABLE; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; ANIMAL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIET; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG EFFECTS; GENETICS; METABOLISM; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; U937 CELL LINE;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANIMALS; APIGENIN; ARYLDIALKYLPHOSPHATASE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CATECHIN; DIET; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; ENDOTHELIN-1; HUMANS; LIPOPROTEINS, HDL; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE TYPE III; POLYPHENOLS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; U937 CELLS;

EID: 84922260469     PISSN: 08999007     EISSN: 18731244     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.011     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. Renaud S., de Lorgeril M. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet 1992, 339:1523-1526.
2. Artaud-Wild S.M., Connor S.L., Sexton G., Connor W.E. Differences in coronary mortality can be explained by differences in cholesterol and saturated fat intakes in 40 countries but not in France and Finland. A paradox. Circulation 1993, 88:2771-2779.
3. Richard J.L., Cambien F., Ducimetiere P. Epidemiologic characteristics of coronary disease in France. Nouv Presse Med 1981, 10:1111-1114.
4. Miyagi Y., Miwa K., Inoue H. Inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation by flavonoids in red wine and grape juice. Am J Cardiol 1997, 80:1627-1631.
5. Petyaev I.M., Bashmakov Y.K. Could cheese be the missing piece in the French paradox puzzle?. Med Hypotheses 2012, 79:746-749.
6. Poli A., Marangoni F., Avogaro A., Barba G., Bellentani S., Bucci M., et al. Moderate alcohol use and health: A consensus paper. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013, 23:487-504.
7. Dudley J.I., Lekli I., Mukherjee S., Das M. Does white wine qualify for French paradox? Comparison of the cardioprotective effects of red and white wines and their constituents: resveratrol, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol. J Agric Food Chem 2008, 56:9362-9373.
8. Huxley R.R., Neil H.A. The relation between dietary flavonol intake and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003, 57:904-908.
9. Manach C., Scalbert A., Morand C., Remesy C., Jimenez L. Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 79:727-747.
10. Paixao J., Dinis T.C., Almeida L.M. Malvidin-3-glucoside protects EC cells up-regulating endothelial NO synthase and inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced NF-kB activation. Chem Biol Interact 2012, 199:192-200.
11. Stoclet J.C., Chataigneau T., Ndiaye M., Oak M.H., El Bedoui J., Chataigneau M., et al. Vascular protection by dietary polyphenols. Eur J Pharmacol 2004, 500:299-313.
12. Martin S., Andriambeloson E., Takeda K., Andriantsitohaina R. Red wine polyphenols increase calcium in bovine aortic endothelial cells: a basis to elucidate signalling pathways leading to nitric oxide production. Br J Pharmacol 2002, 135:1579-1587.
13. Zhao X., Gu Z., Attele A.S., Yuan C.S. Effects of quercetin on the release of endothelin, prostacyclin and tissue plasminogen activator from human endothelial cells in culture. J Ethnopharmacol 1999, 67:279-285.
14. Dauchet L., Amouyel P., Hercberg S. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Nutr 2006, 136:2588-2893.
15. He F.J., Nowson C.A., Lucas M., MacGregor G.A. Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is related to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: metaanalysis of cohort studies. J Hum Hypertens 2007, 21:717-728.
16. Ness A.R., Powles J.W. Fruit and vegetables, and cardiovascular disease: a review. Int J Epidemiol 1997, 26:1-13.
17. Kokubo Y., Iso H., Ishihara J., Okada K., Inoue M., Tsugane S., et al. Association of dietary intake of soy, beans, and isoflavones with risk of cerebral and myocardial infarctions in Japanese populations: the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) study cohort I. Circulation 2007, 116:2553-2562.
18. Kuriyama S., Shimazu T., Ohmori K., Kikuchi N., Nakaya N., Nishino Y., et al. Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in Japan:the Ohsaki study. JAMA 2006, 296:1255-1265.
19. Imai K., Nakachi K. Cross sectional study of effects of drinking green tea on cardiovascular and liver diseases. BMJ 1995, 310:693-696.
20. Sesso H.D., Gaziano J.M., Buring J.E., Hennekens C.H. Coffee and tea intake and the risk of myocardial infarction. Am J Epidemiol 1999, 149:162-167.
21. Klatsky A.L., Friedman G.D., Armstrong M.A., Kipp H. Wine, liquor, beer, and mortality. Am J Epidemiol 2003, 158:585-595.
22. Rosenkranz S., Knirel D., Dietrich H., Flesch M., Erdmann E., Bohm M. Inhibition of the PDGF receptor by red wine flavonoids provides a molecular explanation for the "French paradox". FASEB J 2002, 16:1958-1960.
23. Chiva-Blanch G., Arranz S., Lamuela-Raventos R.M., Estruch R. Effects of wine alcohol and polyphenols on cardiovascular disease risk factors: evidences from human studies. Alcohol Alcohol 2013, 48:270-277.
24. Hertog M.G., Feskens E.J., Hollman P.C., Katan M.B., Kromhout D. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: The Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993, 342:1007-1011.
25. Scalbert A., Williamson G. Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols. J Nutr 2000, 130:2073S-2085S.
26. Gooderham M.J., Adlercreutz H., St Ojala, Wahala K., Holub B.J. A soy protein isolate rich in genistein and daidzein and its effects on plasma isoflavone concentrations, platelet aggregation, blood lipids and fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid in normal men. J Nutr 1996, 126:2000-2006.
27. Xu X., Wang H.-J., Murphy P.A., Cook L., Hendrich S. Daidzein is a more bioavailable soymilk isoflavone than is genistein in adult women. J Nutr 1994, 124:825-832.
28. Fuhr U., Kummert A.L. The fate of naringin in humans: a key to grapefruit juice-drug interactions?. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995, 58:365-373.
29. Ameer B., Weintraub R.A., Johnson J.V., Yost R.A., Rouseff R.L. Flavanone absorption after naringin, hesperidin, and citrus administration. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996, 60:34-40.
30. Li H., Chen L., Sun Y., Gobbo S., Balentine D.A., Yang C.S. Analysis of plasma and urinary tea polyphenols in human subjects. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 1995, 4:393-399.
31. Unno T., Kondo K., Itakura H., Takeo T. Analysis of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in human serum obtained after ingesting green tea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996, 60:2066-2068.
32. Hollman P.C., van Trijp J.M.P., Buysman M.N., van der Gaag M.S., Mengelers M.J., de Vries J.H. Relative bioavailability of the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin from various foods in man. FEBS Lett 1997, 418:152-156.
33. Aziz A.A., Edwards C.A., Lean M.E., Crozier A. Absorption and excretion of conjugated flavonols, including quercetin-4'-O-'-glucoside and isorhamnetin-4'-O-'-glucoside by human volunteers after the consumption of onions. Free Radic Res 1998, 29:257-269.
34. Lapidot T., Harel S., Akiri B., Granit R., Kanner J. PH-dependent forms of red wine anthocyanins as antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem 1999, 47:67-70.
35. Eichholzer M., Lüthy J., Gutzwiller F., Stahelin H.B. The role of folate, antioxidant vitamins and other constituents in fruit and vegetables in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological evidence. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2001, 71:5-17.
36. Ruxton C.H., Gardner E.J., Walker D. Can pure fruit and vegetable juices protect against cancer and cardiovascular disease too? A review of the evidence. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2006, 57:249-272.
37. Severi S., Bedogni G., Manzieri A.M., Poli M., Battistini N. Effects of cooking and storage methods on the micronutrient content of foods. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997, 6:S21-S24.
38. Vane J.R., Anggard E.E., Botting R.M. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium. N Engl J Med 1990, 323:27-36.
39. Vane J.R., Botting R.M. Secretory functions of the vascular endothelium. J Physiol Pharmacol 1992, 43:195-207.
40. Arnal J.F., Dinh-Xuan A.T., Pueyo M., Darblade B., Rami J. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide and vascular physiology and pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 1999, 55:1078-1087.
41. Best P.J., Lerman A. Endothelin in cardiovascular disease: from atherosclerosis to heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000, 35:S61-S63.
42. Kasprzak J.D., Klosinska M., Drozdz J. Clinical aspects of assessment of endothelial function. Pharmacol Rep 2006, 58:33-40.
43. Landmesser U., Drexler H. The clinical significance of endothelial dysfunction. Curr Opin Cardiol 2005, 20:547-551.
44. Vita J.A., Treasure C.B., Nabel E.G., McLenachan J.M., Fish R.D., Yeung A.C., et al. Coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine relates to risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circulation 1990, 81:491-497.
45. Heiss C., Schroeter H., Balzer J., Kleinbongard P., Matern S., Sies H., et al. Endothelial function, nitric oxide, and cocoa flavanols. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2006, 47:S128-S135.
46. Werner N., Kosiol S., Schiegl T., Ahlers P., Walenta K., Link A., et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med 2005, 353:999-1007.
47. Ndiaye M., Chataigneau M., Lobysheva I., Chataigneau T., Schini-Kerth V.B. Red wine polyphenol-induced, endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxation is due to the redox-sensitive PI3-kinase/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial NO-synthase in the isolated porcine coronary artery. FASEB J 2005, 19:455-457.
48. Taubert D., Berkels R., Klaus W., Roesen R. Nitric oxide formation and corresponding relaxation of porcine coronary arteries induced by plant phenols: essential structural features. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2002, 40:701-713.
49. Mizugaki M., Ishizawa F., Yamazaki T., Hishinuma T. Epigallocatechin gallate increase the prostacyclin production of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2000, 62:157-164.
50. Kim J.A., Formoso G., Li Y., Potenza M.A., Marasciulo F.L., Montagnani M., et al. Epigallocatechin gallate, a green tea polyphenol, mediates NO-dependent vasodilation using signaling pathways in vascular endothelium requiring reactive oxygen species and Fyn. J Biol Chem 2007, 282:13736-13745.
51. Reiter C.E., Kim J.A., Quon M.J. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate reduces endothelin-1 expression and secretion in vascular endothelial cells: roles for AMP-activated protein kinase, Akt, and FOXO1. Endocrinology 2010, 151:103-114.
52. Manach C., Williamson G., Morand C., Scalbert A., Rémésy C. Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 81:230S-242S.
53. Yi L., Chen C.Y., Jin X., Zhang T., Zhou Y., Zhang Q.Y., et al. Differential suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells by several subclasses of flavonoids. Biochimie 2012, 94:2035-2044.
54. Yamagata K., Tanaka N., Matsufuji H., Chino M. β-carotene reverses the IL-1β-mediated reduction in paraoxonase-1 expression via induction of theCaMKKII pathway in human endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2012, 84:297-305.
55. Yamagata K., Miyashita A., Chino M., Matsufuji H. Apigenin inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha plus high glucose-induced LOX-1 expression in human endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2011, 81:60-67.
56. Balentine D.A., Wiseman S.A., Bouwens L.C. The chemistry of tea flavonoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1997, 37:693-704.
57. Sano M., Tabata M., Suzuki M., Degawa M., Miyase T., Maeda-Yamamoto M. Simultaneous determination of twelve tea catechins by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Analyst 2001, 126:816-820.
58. Thangapazham R.L., Singh A.K., Sharma A., Warren J., Gaddipati J.P., Maheshwari R.K. Green tea polyphenols and its constituent epigallocatechin gallate inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells invitro and invivo. Cancer Lett 2007, 245:232-241.
59. Shankar S., Ganapathy S., Srivastava R.K. Green tea polyphenols: biology and therapeutic implications in cancer. Front Biosci 2007, 12:4881-4899.
60. Dona M., Dell'Aica I., Calabrese F., Benelli R., Morini M., Albini A., et al. Neutrophil restraint by green tea: inhibition of inflammation, associated angiogenesis, and pulmonary fibrosis. J Immunol 2003, 170:4335-4341.
61. Stapleton P.D., Shah S., Anderson J.C., Hara Y., Hamilton-Miller J.M., Taylor P.W. Modulation of beta-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by catechins and gallates. Int. J Antimicrob Agents 2004, 23:462-467.
62. Liu Z., Ma L.P., Zhou B., Liu Z.L. Antioxidative effects of green tea polyphenols on free radical initiated and photosensitized peroxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Chem Phys Lipids 2000, 106:53-63.
63. Zhu B.H., Zhan W.H., Li Z.R., Wang Z., He Y.L., Peng J.S., et al. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits growth of gastric cancer by reducing VEGF production and angiogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2007, 13:1162-1169.
64. Chow H.H., Hakim I.A. Pharmacokinetic and chemoprevention studies on tea in humans. Pharmacol Res 2011, 64:105-112.
65. Pullikotil P., Chen H., Muniyappa R., Greenberg C.C., Yang S., Reiter C.E., et al. Epigallocatechin gallate induces expression of heme oxygenase-1 in EC cells via p38 MAPK and Nrf-2 that suppresses proinflammatory actions of TNF-α. J Nutr Biochem 2012, 23:1134-1145.
66. Yamagata K., Tanaka N., Suzuki K. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate inhibits 7-ketocholesterol-induced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Microvasc Res 2013, 88:25-31.
67. Kimura T., Tomura H., Sato K., Ito M., Matsuoka I., Im D.S., et al. Mechanism and role of high density lipoprotein-induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2010, 285:4387-4397.
68. Auger C., Kim J.H., Chabert P., Chaabi M., Anselm E., Lanciaux X., et al. The EGCg-induced redox-sensitive activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and relaxation are critically dependent on hydroxyl moieties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010, 393:162-167.
69. Alhosin M., Anselm E., Rashid S., Kim J.H., Madeira S.V., Bronner C., et al. Redox-sensitive up-regulation of eNOS by purple grape juice in EC cells: role of PI3-kinase/Akt, p38 MAPK, JNK, FoxO1 and FoxO3a. PLoS One 2013, 8:e57883.
70. Yamagata K., Miyashita A., Matsufuji H., Chino M. Dietary flavonoid apigenin inhibits high glucose and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2010, 21:116-124.
71. Mackness M.I., Durrington P.N., Mackness B. The role of paraoxonase 1 activity in cardiovascular disease: potential for therapeutic intervention. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2004, 4:211-217.
72. Hirata K., Shimada K., Watanabe H. Black tea increases coronary flow velocity reserve in healthy male subjects. Am J Cardiol 2004, 93:1384-1388.
73. Fisher N.D., Hughes M., Gerhard-Herman M., Hollenberg N.K. Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans. JHypertens 2003, 21:2281-2286.
74. Arranz S., Valderas-Martinez P., Chiva-Blanch G., Casas R., Urpi-Sarda M., Lamuela-Raventos R.M., et al. Cardioprotective effects of cocoa: clinical evidence from randomized clinical intervention trials in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013, 57:936-947.
75. Williams R.J., Spencer J.P., Rice-Evans C. Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules?. Free Radic Biol Med 2004, 36:838-849.
76. Wallerath T., Li H., Godtel-Ambrust U., Schwarz P.M., Förstermann U. A blend of polyphenolic compounds explains the stimulatory effect of red wine on human endothelial NO synthase. Nitric Oxide 2005, 12:97-104.
77. Jin B.H., Qian L.B., Chen S., Li J., Wang H.P., Bruce I.C., et al. Apigenin protects endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat aorta against oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2009, 616:200-205.
78. Osada M., Imaoka S., Funae Y. Apigenin suppresses the expression of VEGF, an important factor for angiogenesis, in endothelial cells via degradation of HIF-1alpha protein. FEBS Lett 2004, 575:59-63.
79. Yamagata K., Tagawa C., Matsufuji H., Chino M. Dietary apigenin regulates high glucose and hypoxic reoxygenation-induced reductions in apelin expression in human endothelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2012, 23:929-936.
80. Qian L.B., Wang H.P., Chen Y., Chen F.X., Ma Y.Y., Bruce I.C., et al. Luteolin reduces high glucose-mediated impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat aorta by reducing oxidative stress. Pharmacol Res 2010, 61:281-287.
81. Park S.J., Ahmad F., Philp A., Baar K., Williams T., Luo H., et al. Resveratrol ameliorates aging-related metabolic phenotypes by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterases. Cell 2012, 148:421-433.
82. Song W.O., Chun O.K., Hwang I., Shin H.S., Kim B.G., Kim K.S., et al. Soy isoflavones as safe functional ingredients. J Med Food 2007, 10:571-580.
83. Xiang Q., Lin G., Fu X., Wang S., Wang T. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and estrogen receptors in genistein-induced regulation of vascular tone in female rat aortas. Pharmacology 2010, 86:117-124.
84. Squadrito F., Altavilla D., Morabito N., Crisafulli A., D'Anna R., Corrado F., et al. The effect of the phytoestrogen genistein on plasma nitric oxide concentrations, endothelin-1 levels and endothelium dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis 2002, 163:339-347.
85. Mann G.E., Rowlands D.J., Li F.Y., de Winter P., Siow R.C. Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by dietary isoflavones: role of NO in Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression. Cardiovasc Res 2007, 75:261-274.
86. Cho H.Y., Park C.M., Kim M.J., Chinzorig R., Cho C.W., Song Y.S., et al. Comparative effect of genistein and daidzein on the expression of MCP-1, eNOS, and cell adhesion molecules in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. Nutr Res Pract 2011, 5:381-388.
87. Joy S., Siow R.C., Rowlands D.J., Becker M., Wyatt A.W., Aaronson P.I., et al. The isoflavone Equol mediates rapid vascular relaxation: Ca2+-independent activation of EC nitric-oxide synthase/Hsp90 involving ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in human EC cells. J Biol Chem 2006, 281:27335-27345.
88. Babu P.V., Si H., Fu Z., Zhen W., Liu D. Genistein prevents hyperglycemia-induced monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells through preservation of the cAMP signaling pathway and ameliorates vascular inflammation in obese diabetic mice. J Nutr 2012, 142:724-730.
89. Si H., Yu J., Jiang H., Liu D. Phytoestrogen genistein up-regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression via activation of cAMP response element-binding protein in human aortic endothelial cells. Endocrinology 2012, 153:3190-3198.
90. Liu L., Xu D.M., Cheng Y.Y. Distinct effects of naringenin and hesperetin on nitric oxide production from endothelial cells. J Agric Food Chem 2008, 56:824-829.
91. Saponara S., Testai L., Iozzi D., Martinotti E., Martelli A., Chericoni S. (+/-)-Naringenin as large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ (BKCa) channel opener in vascular smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2006, 149:1013-1021.
92. Chanet A., Milenkovic D., Claude S., Maier J.A., Kamran Khan M., Rakotomanomana N., et al. Flavanone metabolites decrease monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-activated endothelial cells by modulating expression of atherosclerosis-related genes. Br J Nutr 2013, 110:587-598.
93. Cayci C., Wahlquist T.C., Seckin S.I., Ozcan V., Tekinay A.B., Martens T.P., et al. Naringenin inhibits neointimal hyperplasia following arterial reconstruction with interpositional vein graft. Ann Plast Surg 2010, 64:105-113.
94. Li P.G., Sun L., Han X., Ling S., Gan W.T., Xu J.W., et al. Quercetin induces rapid eNOS phosphorylation and vasodilation by an Akt-independent and PKA-dependent mechanism. Pharmacology 2012, 89:220-228.
95. Guo X.D., Zhang D.Y., Gao X.J., Parry J., Liu K., Liu B.L., et al. Quercetin and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide are equally effective in ameliorating endothelial insulin resistance through inhibition of reactive oxygen species-associated inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013, 57:1037-1045.
96. Day A.J., Bao Y., Morgan M.R., Williamson G. Conjugation position of quercetin glucuronides and effect on biological activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2000, 29:1234-1243.
97. Mochizuki M., Kajiya K., Terao J., Kaji K., Kumazawa S., Nakayama T., et al. Effect of quercetin conjugates on vascular permeability and expression of adhesion molecules. Biofactors 2004, 22:201-204.
98. Crespo I., Garcia-Mediavilla M.V., Gutierrez B., Sanchez-Campos S., Tunon M.J., Gonzalez-Gallego J. A comparison of the effects of kaempferol and quercetin on cytokine-induced pro-inflammatory status of cultured human endothelial cells. Br J Nutr 2008, 100:968-976.
99. Beretz A., Anton R., Stoclet J.C. Flavonoid compounds are potent inhibitors of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Experientia 1978, 34:1054-1055.
100. Razandi M., Pedram A., Rubin T., Levin E.R. PGE2 and PGI2 inhibit ET-1 secretion from endothelial cells by stimulating particulate guanylate cyclase. Am J Physiol 1996, 270:H1342-H1349.
101. Khaza'ai H., Wahle K.W. Effect of flavonoids on arachidonic acid metabolism and prostacyclin (PGI2) formation in human vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1996, 24:173S.
102. Chen C.Y., Yi L., Jin X., Zhang T., Fu Y.J., Zhu J.D., et al. Inhibitory effect of delphinidin on monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein via ROS/p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2011, 61:337-348.
103. Oak M.H., Bedoui J.E., Madeira S.V., Chalupsky K., Schini-Kerth V.B. Delphinidin and cyanidin inhibit PDGF(AB)-induced VEGF release in vascular smooth muscle cells by preventing activation of p38 MAPK and JNK. Br J. Pharmacol 2006, 149:283-290.
104. Wang Y., Zhang Y., Wang X., Xia M. Supplementation with cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside protects against hypercholesterolemia-mediated endothelial dysfunction and attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Nutr 2012, 142:1033-1037.
105. Speciale A., Canali R., Chirafisi J., Liu Y., Virgili F., Cimino F. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside protection against TNF-α-induced endothelial dysfunction: involvement of nuclear factor-κB signaling. J Agric Food Chem 2010, 58:12048-12054.
106. Luo X., Fang S., Xiao Y., Song F., Zou T., Wang M., et al. Cyanidin-3-glucoside suppresses TNF-α-induced cell proliferation through the repression of Nox activator 1 in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells: involvement of the STAT3 signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2012, 362:211-218.
107. Paixao J., Dinis T.C., Almeida L.M. Malvidin-3-glucoside protects endothelial cells up-regulating endothelial NO synthase and inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced NF-kB activation. Chem Biol Interact 2012, 199:192-200.
108. Wallerath T., Deckert G., Ternes T., Anderson H., Li H., Witte K., et al. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in red wine, enhances expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circulation 2002, 106:1652-1658.
109. Xia N., Strand S., Schlufter F., Siuda D., Reifenberg G., Kleinert H., et al. Role of SIRT1 and FOXO factors in eNOS transcriptional activation by resveratrol. Nitric Oxide 2013, 32:29-35.
110. Ganjam G.K., Dimova E.Y., Unterman T.G., Kietzmann T. FoxO1 and HNF-4 are involved in regulation of hepatic glucokinase gene expression by resveratrol. J Biol Chem 2009, 284:30783-30797.
111. Wu L., Zhou L., Lu Y., Zhang J., Jian F., Liu Y., et al. Activation of SIRT1 protects pancreatic β-cells against palmitate-induced dysfunction. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012, 1822:1815-1825.
112. Kao C.L., Chen L.K., Chang Y.L., Yung M.C., Hsu C.C., Chen Y.C., et al. Resveratrol protects human endothelium from H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress and senescence via SirT1 activation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010, 17:970-979.
113. Alhosin M., Anselm E., Rashid S., Kim J.H., Madeira S.V., Bronner C., et al. Redox-sensitive up-regulation of eNOS by purple grape juice in endothelial cells: role of PI3-kinase/Akt, p38 MAPK, JNK, FoxO1 and FoxO3a. PLoS One 2013, 8:e57883.
114. Ungvari Z., Bagi Z., Feher A., Recchia F.A., Sonntag W.E., Pearson K., et al. Resveratrol confers endothelial protection via activation of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010, 299:H18-H24.
115. Chung J.H. Metabolic benefits of inhibiting cAMP-PDEs with resveratrol. Adipocyte 2012, 1:256-258.
116. Pu Y., Zhang H., Wang P., Zhao Y., Li Q., Wei X., et al. Author information. Dietary curcumin ameliorates aging-related cerebrovascular dysfunction through the AMPK/uncoupling protein 2 pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem 2013, 32:1167-1177.
117. Meyer H., Bolarinwa A. Wolfram G Linseisen. Bioavailability of apigenin from apiin-rich parsley in humans. Ann Nutr Metab 2006, 50:167-172.
118. Qin F., Siwik D.A., Luptak I., Hou X., Wang L., Higuchi A., et al. The polyphenols resveratrol and S17834 prevent the structural and functional sequelae of diet-induced metabolic heart disease in mice. Circulation 2012, 125:1757-1764. S1-S6.
119. Xu S., Jiang B., Hou X., Shi C., Bachschmid M.M., Zang M., et al. High-fat diet increases and the polyphenol, S17834, decreases acetylation of the sirtuin-1-dependent lysine-382 on p53 and apoptotic signaling in atherosclerotic lesion-prone aortic endothelium of normal mice. J. Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011, 58:263-271.