Endothelial function, nitric oxide, and cocoa flavanols

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Volumn 47, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2006, Pages

  Heiss, Christian ^a,e   Schroeter, Hagen ^b   Balzer, Jan ^c   Kleinbongard, Petra ^c   Matern, Simone ^c   Sies, Helmut ^d   Kelm, Malte ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL RWTH AACHEN   (Germany)

^d HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cocoa; Endothelial function; Flavanol; Flow mediated dilation; Nitric oxide

Indexed keywords

DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FLAVONOL DERIVATIVE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; NITRIC OXIDE;

ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; CACAO; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; ENDOTHELIUM; FOOD COMPOSITION; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; RED WINE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TEA; VASCULAR DISEASE; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

CACAO; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CORONARY ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; DIET; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; FLAVONOIDS; HUMANS; NITRIC OXIDE; RISK FACTORS; VASODILATION;

EID: 33750342645     PISSN: 01602446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00007     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Widlansky ME, Gokce N, Keaney JF Jr, et al. The clinical implications of endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1149-1160.
2. Vita JA, Keaney JF Jr. Endothelial function: a barometer for cardiovascular risk? Circulation. 2002;106:640-642.
3. Rassaf T, Preik M, Kleinbongard P, et al. Evidence for in vivo transport of bioactive nitric oxide in human plasma. J Clin Invest. 2002;109:1241-1248.
4. de Belder AJ, MacAllister R, Radomski MW, et al. Effects of S-nitroso-glutathione in the human forearm circulation: evidence for selective inhibition of platelet activation. Cardiovasc Res. 1994;28:691-694.
5. Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002;105:1135-1143.
6. Heiss C, Keymel S, Niesler U, et al. Impaired progenitor cell activity in age-related endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1441-1448.
7. Lauer T, Heiss C, Preik M, et al. Reduction of peripheral flow reserve impairs endothelial function in conduit arteries of patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 2005;23:563-569.
8. Preik M, Kelm M, Schöbel F, et al. Selective impairment of nitric oxide dependent vasodilation in young adults with hypercholesterolaemia. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1996;3:465-471.
9. Sies H, Stahl W, Sevanian A. Nutritional, dietary and postprandial oxidative stress. J Nutr. 2005;135:969-972.
10. Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirashima O, et al. Hyperglycemia rapidly suppresses flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation of brachial artery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:146-154.
11. Clarkson P, Celermajer DS, Powe AJ, et al. Endothelium-dependent is impaired in young healthy subjects with a family history of premature coronary disease. Circulation. 1997;96:3378-3383.
12. Heiss C, Lauer T, Dejam A, et al. Plasma nitroso compounds are decreased in patients with endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;47:573-579.
13. Steinberg HO, Chaker H, Leaming R, et al. Obesity/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Implications for the syndrome of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:2601-2610.
14. Clapp BR, Hirschfield GM, Storry C, et al. Inflammation and endothelial function: direct vascular effects of human C-reactive protein on nitric oxide bioavailability. Circulation. 2005;111:1530-1536.
15. Bellamy MF, McDowell IF, Ramsey MW, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia after an oral methionine load acutely impairs endothelial function in healthy adults. Circulation. 1998;98:1848-1852.
16. Hingorani AD, Cross J, Kharbanda RK, et al. Acute systemic inflammation impairs endothelium-dependent dilatation in humans. Circulation. 2000;102:994-999.
17. Cushman M, Lemaitre RN, Kuller LH, et al. Fibrinolytic activation markers predict myocardial infarction in the elderly. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19:493-498.
18. De Caterina R, Libby P, Peng HB, et al. Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:60-68.
19. Levine GN, Keaney JF Jr, Vita JA. Cholesterol reduction in cardiovascular disease. Clinical benefits and possible mechanisms. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:512-521.
20. Ross R. Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:115-126.
21. Okumura K, Yasue H, Matsuyama K, et al. Effect of acetylcholine on the highly stenotic coronary artery: difference between the constrictor response of the infarct-related coronary artery and that of the noninfarct-related artery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19:752-758.
22. Ludmer PL, Selwyn AP, Shook TL, et al. Paradoxical vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:1046-1051.
23. Cox DA, Vita JA, Treasure CB, et al. Atherosclerosis impairs flow-mediated dilation of coronary arteries in humans. Circulation. 1989;80:458-465.
24. Linder L, Kiowski W, Buhler FR, et al. Indirect evidence for release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in human forearm circulation in vivo. Blunted response in essential hypertension. Circulation. 1990;81:1762-1767.
25. Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, et al. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: a report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:257-265.
26. Dimmeler S, Fleming I, Fisslthaler B, et al. Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Nature. 1999;399:601-605.
27. Joannides R, Haefeli WE, Lindner L, et al. Nitric oxide is responsible for flow-dependent dilatation of human peripheral conduit arteries in vivo. Circulation. 1995;91:1314-1319.
28. Corretti MC, Plotnick GD, Vogel RA. Technical aspects of evaluating brachial artery vasodilatation using high-frequency ultrasound. Am J Physiol. 1995;268:H1397-H1404.
29. Kelm M. Flow-mediated dilatation in human circulation: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002;282:H1-H5.
30. Anderson TJ, Uehata A, Gerhard MD, et al. Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1235-1241.
31. Eskurza I, Seals DR, DeSouza CA, et al. Pharmacologic versus flow-mediated assessments of peripheral vascular endothelial vasodilatory function in humans. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:1067-1069.
32. Balletshofer BM, Goebbel S, Rittig K, et al. Influence of experience on intra- and interindividual variability in assessing peripheral endothelial dysfunction with high resolution ultrasound. Ultraschall Med. 2001;22:231-235.
33. Bonetti PO, Pumper GM, Higano ST, et al. Noninvasive identification of patients with early coronary atherosclerosis by assessment of digital reactive hyperemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:2137-2141.
34. Fisher ND, Hughes M, Gerhard-Herman M, et al. Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans. J Hypertens. 2003;21:2281-2286.
35. Kuvin JT, Patel AR, Sliney KA, et al. Assessment of peripheral vascular endothelial function with finger arterial pulse wave amplitude. Am Heart J. 2003;146:168-174.
36. Arts IC, Hollman PC. Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:317S-325S.
37. Hammerstone JF, Lazarus SA, Schmitz HH. Procyanidin content and variation in some commonly consumed foods. J Nutr. 2000;130:2086S-2092S.
38. Heiss C, Dejam A, Kleinbongard P, et al. Vascular effects of cocoa rich in flavan-3-ols. JAMA. 2003;290:1030-1031.
39. Richelle M, Tavazzi I, Enslen M, et al. Plasma kinetics in man of epicatechin from black chocolate. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999;53:22-26.
40. Duffy SJ, Keaney JF Jr, Holbrook M, et al. Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001;104:151-156.
41. Stein JH, Keevil JG, Wiebe DA, et al. Purple grape juice improves endothelial function and reduces the susceptibility of LDL cholesterol to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1999;100:1050-1055.
42. Heiss C, Kleinbongard P, Dejam A, et al. Acute consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa and the reversal of endothelial dysfunction in smokers. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1276-1283.
43. Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1731-1737.
44. Gokce N, Keaney JF Jr, Frei B, et al. Long-term ascorbic acid administration reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1999;99:3234-3240.
45. Heitzer T, Brockhoff C, Mayer B, et al. Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in chronic smokers: evidence for a dysfunctional nitric oxide synthase. Circ Res. 2000;86:E36-E41.
46. Frei B. On the role of vitamin C and other antioxidants in atherogenesis and vascular dysfunction. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999;222:196-204.
47. Taubert D, Berkels R, Roesen R, et al. Chocolate and blood pressure in elderly individuals with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA. 2003;290:1029-1030.
48. Grassi D, Necozione S, Lippi C, et al. Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives. Hypertension. 2005;46:398-405.
49. Grassi D, Lippi C, Necozione S, et al. Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:611-614.
50. Engler MB, Engler MM, Chen CY, et al. Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004;23:197-204.
51. Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Alexopoulos N, et al. Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:785-791.
52. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Burke V, et al. Regular ingestion of black tea improves brachial artery vasodilator function. Clin Sci (London). 2002;102:195-201.
53. Agewall S, Wright S, Doughty RN, et al. Does a glass of red wine improve endothelial function? Eur Heart J. 2000;21:74-78.