메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 1293-1317

Neuroprotective properties of the marine carotenoid astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids, and perspectives for the natural combination of both in krill oil

Author keywords

Alzheimer's; Anti inflammatory; Antioxidant; Cognition; Hormesis; Natural products; Neurodegenerative disorders; Oxidative stress; Parkinson's; Seafood

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; ARACHIDONIC ACID; ASCORBIC ACID; ASTAXANTHIN; CAROTENOID; CASPASE 9; CATALASE; CREATINE KINASE; CYCLIC AMP RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN; DOPAMINE; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; GLUTAMATE AMMONIA LIGASE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; KRILL OIL; NATURAL PRODUCT; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; OXIDOPAMINE; REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; TOCOPHEROL; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; URATE;

EID: 84897068159     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20726643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/nu6031293     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (94)

References (174)
  • 1
    • 33748750998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual effects of antioxidants in neurodegeneration: Direct neuroprotection against oxidative stress and indirect protection via suprresion of gliamediated inflammation
    • Wang, J.-Y.; Wen, Y.-L.; Huan, Y.-N.; Chen, T.; Ku, M.-C. Dual effects of antioxidants in neurodegeneration: Direct neuroprotection against oxidative stress and indirect protection via suprresion of gliamediated inflammation. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2006, 12, 3521-3533.
    • (2006) Curr. Pharm. Des , vol.12 , pp. 3521-3533
    • Wang, J.-Y.1    Wen, Y.-L.2    Huan, Y.-N.3    Chen, T.4    Ku, M.-C.5
  • 2
    • 77955049244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen toxicity: Chemistry and biology of reactive oxygen species
    • Buonocore, G.; Perrone, S.; Tataranno, M. L. Oxygen toxicity: Chemistry and biology of reactive oxygen species. Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010, 15, 186-190.
    • (2010) Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med , vol.15 , pp. 186-190
    • Buonocore, G.1    Perrone, S.2    Tataranno, M.L.3
  • 3
    • 84875194721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe life stress and oxidative stress in the brain: From animal models to human pathology
    • Schiavone, S.; Jaquet, V.; Trabace, L.; Krause, K.-H. Severe life stress and oxidative stress in the brain: From animal models to human pathology. Antioxid. Redox. Signal. 2013, 18, 1475-1490.
    • (2013) Antioxid. Redox. Signal , vol.18 , pp. 1475-1490
    • Schiavone, S.1    Jaquet, V.2    Trabace, L.3    Krause, K.-H.4
  • 5
    • 33846794822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: Physiology and pathophysiology
    • Bedard, K.; Krause, K. The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: Physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol. Rev. 2007, 87, 245-313.
    • (2007) Physiol. Rev , vol.87 , pp. 245-313
    • Bedard, K.1    Krause, K.2
  • 6
    • 84870299231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide-mediated oxidative damage and the progressive demise of motor neurons in ALS
    • Drechsel, D. A.; Estévez, A. G.; Barbeito, L.; Beckman, J. S. Nitric oxide-mediated oxidative damage and the progressive demise of motor neurons in ALS. Neurotox. Res. 2012, 22, 251-264.
    • (2012) Neurotox. Res , vol.22 , pp. 251-264
    • Drechsel, D.A.1    Estévez, A.G.2    Barbeito, L.3    Beckman, J.S.4
  • 8
    • 0035371184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide/glutathione couple
    • Schafer, F. Q.; Buettner, G. R. Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide/glutathione couple. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2001, 30, 1191-1212.
    • (2001) Free Radic. Biol. Med , vol.30 , pp. 1191-1212
    • Schafer, F.Q.1    Buettner, G.R.2
  • 9
    • 76149090178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interplay of oxidants and antioxidants during exercise: Implications for muscle health
    • Gomez-Cabrera, M. C.; Viña, J.; Ji, L. L. Interplay of oxidants and antioxidants during exercise: Implications for muscle health. Phys. Sportsmed. 2009, 37, 16-23.
    • (2009) Phys. Sportsmed , vol.37 , pp. 16-23
    • Gomez-Cabrera, M.C.1    Viña, J.2    Ji, L.L.3
  • 10
    • 0027568438 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen, antioxidants and brain dysfunction
    • Choi, B. H. Oxygen, antioxidants and brain dysfunction. Yonsei Med. J. 1993, 34, 1-10.
    • (1993) Yonsei Med. J , vol.34 , pp. 1-10
    • Choi, B.H.1
  • 11
    • 33745013111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: Where are we now?
    • Halliwell, B. Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: Where are we now? J. Neurochem. 2006, 97, 1634-1658.
    • (2006) J. Neurochem , vol.97 , pp. 1634-1658
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 12
    • 0031718663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and glial responses in ischemic brain lesions
    • Stoll, G.; Jander, S.; Schroeter, M. Inflammation and glial responses in ischemic brain lesions. Prog. Neurobiol. 1998, 56, 149-171.
    • (1998) Prog. Neurobiol , vol.56 , pp. 149-171
    • Stoll, G.1    Jander, S.2    Schroeter, M.3
  • 14
    • 13644253800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for the role and the most suitable biomarkers of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease and in other neurodegenerative diseases
    • Migliore, L.; Fontana, I.; Colognato, R.; Coppede, F.; Siciliano, G.; Murri, L. Searching for the role and the most suitable biomarkers of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease and in other neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol. Aging 2005, 26, 587-595.
    • (2005) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.26 , pp. 587-595
    • Migliore, L.1    Fontana, I.2    Colognato, R.3    Coppede, F.4    Siciliano, G.5    Murri, L.6
  • 15
    • 0038073076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant nutrients and hypoxia/ischemia brain injury in rodents
    • Ikeda, K.; Negishi, H.; Yamori, Y. Antioxidant nutrients and hypoxia/ischemia brain injury in rodents. Toxicology 2003, 189, 55-61.
    • (2003) Toxicology , vol.189 , pp. 55-61
    • Ikeda, K.1    Negishi, H.2    Yamori, Y.3
  • 17
    • 0036768041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degeneration of neuronal cells due to oxidative stress-Microglial contribution
    • Koutsilieri, E.; Scheller, C.; Tribl, F.; Riederer, P. Degeneration of neuronal cells due to oxidative stress-Microglial contribution. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2002, 8, 401-406.
    • (2002) Parkinsonism Relat. Disord , vol.8 , pp. 401-406
    • Koutsilieri, E.1    Scheller, C.2    Tribl, F.3    Riederer, P.4
  • 18
    • 33750159449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurohormetic phytochemicals: Low-dose toxins that induce adaptive neuronal stress responses
    • Mattson, M. P.; Cheng, A. Neurohormetic phytochemicals: Low-dose toxins that induce adaptive neuronal stress responses. Trends Neurosci. 2006, 29, 632-639.
    • (2006) Trends Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 632-639
    • Mattson, M.P.1    Cheng, A.2
  • 20
    • 28344436210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol, a natural red wine polyphenol, reduces ischemia-reperfusion-induced spinal cord injury
    • Kaplan, S.; Bisleri, G.; Morgan, J. A.; Cheema, F. H.; Oz, M. C. Resveratrol, a natural red wine polyphenol, reduces ischemia-reperfusion-induced spinal cord injury. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2005, 80, 2242-2249.
    • (2005) Ann. Thorac. Surg , vol.80 , pp. 2242-2249
    • Kaplan, S.1    Bisleri, G.2    Morgan, J.A.3    Cheema, F.H.4    Oz, M.C.5
  • 22
    • 79957921043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin limits fish oil-related oxidative insult in the anterior forebrain of Wistar rats: Putative anxiolytic effects?
    • Mattei, R.; Polotow, T. G.; Vardaris, C. V.; Guerra, B. A.; Leite, J. R.; Otton, R.; Barros, M. P. Astaxanthin limits fish oil-related oxidative insult in the anterior forebrain of Wistar rats: Putative anxiolytic effects? Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2011, 99, 349-355.
    • (2011) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav , vol.99 , pp. 349-355
    • Mattei, R.1    Polotow, T.G.2    Vardaris, C.V.3    Guerra, B.A.4    Leite, J.R.5    Otton, R.6    Barros, M.P.7
  • 23
    • 33646010041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles for NF-κB in nerve cell survival, plasticity, and disease
    • Mattson, M. P.; Meffert, M. K. Roles for NF-κB in nerve cell survival, plasticity, and disease. Cell Death Differ. 2006, 13, 852-860.
    • (2006) Cell Death Differ , vol.13 , pp. 852-860
    • Mattson, M.P.1    Meffert, M.K.2
  • 25
    • 33644649421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nrf2: A potential molecular target for cancer chemoprevention by natural compounds
    • Jeong, W. S.; Jun, M.; Kong, A. N. Nrf2: A potential molecular target for cancer chemoprevention by natural compounds. Antioxid. Redox. Signal. 2006, 8, 99-106.
    • (2006) Antioxid. Redox. Signal , vol.8 , pp. 99-106
    • Jeong, W.S.1    Jun, M.2    Kong, A.N.3
  • 26
    • 20444430402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection by hypoxic preconditioning involves oxidative stress-mediated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor and erythropoietin
    • Liu, J.; Narasimhan, P.; Yu, F.; Chan, P. H. Neuroprotection by hypoxic preconditioning involves oxidative stress-mediated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor and erythropoietin. Stroke 2005, 36, 1264-1269.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 1264-1269
    • Liu, J.1    Narasimhan, P.2    Yu, F.3    Chan, P.H.4
  • 27
    • 84878776025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching the basics of redox biology to medical and graduate students: Oxidants, antioxidants and disease mechanisms
    • Kalyanaraman, B. Teaching the basics of redox biology to medical and graduate students: Oxidants, antioxidants and disease mechanisms. Redox. Biol. 2013, 1, 244-257.
    • (2013) Redox. Biol , vol.1 , pp. 244-257
    • Kalyanaraman, B.1
  • 28
    • 84870902532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging roles of Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes in neuroprotection
    • Zhang, M.; An, C.; Gao, Y.; Leak, R. K.; Chen, J.; Zhang, F. Emerging roles of Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes in neuroprotection. Prog. Neurobiol. 2013, 100, 30-47.
    • (2013) Prog. Neurobiol , vol.100 , pp. 30-47
    • Zhang, M.1    An, C.2    Gao, Y.3    Leak, R.K.4    Chen, J.5    Zhang, F.6
  • 30
    • 84858151224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant therapies in traumatic brain and spinal cord injury
    • Bains, M.; Hall, E. D. Antioxidant therapies in traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2012, 1822, 675-684.
    • (2012) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1822 , pp. 675-684
    • Bains, M.1    Hall, E.D.2
  • 31
    • 84879074528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional consequences of age-dependent changes in glutathione status in the brain
    • Currais, A.; Maher, P. Functional consequences of age-dependent changes in glutathione status in the brain. Antioxid. Redox. Signal. 2013, 19, 813-822.
    • (2013) Antioxid. Redox. Signal , vol.19 , pp. 813-822
    • Currais, A.1    Maher, P.2
  • 34
    • 84883660265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory responses in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
    • Liu, F.; McCullough, L. D. Inflammatory responses in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 2013, 34, 1121-1130.
    • (2013) Acta Pharmacol. Sin , vol.34 , pp. 1121-1130
    • Liu, F.1    McCullough, L.D.2
  • 35
    • 0031046186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of glial cells to ischemia: Roles of reactive oxygen species and glutathione
    • Juurlink, B. H. Response of glial cells to ischemia: Roles of reactive oxygen species and glutathione. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1997, 21, 151-166.
    • (1997) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev , vol.21 , pp. 151-166
    • Juurlink, B.H.1
  • 36
    • 0029799756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low glutathione and high iron govern the susceptibility of oligodendroglial precursors to oxidative stress
    • Thorborne, S. K.; Juurlink, B. H. Low glutathione and high iron govern the susceptibility of oligodendroglial precursors to oxidative stress. J. Neurochem. 1996, 67, 1014-1022.
    • (1996) J. Neurochem , vol.67 , pp. 1014-1022
    • Thorborne, S.K.1    Juurlink, B.H.2
  • 38
    • 0034672943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain
    • Dringen, R. Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 2000, 62, 649-671.
    • (2000) Prog. Neurobiol , vol.62 , pp. 649-671
    • Dringen, R.1
  • 39
    • 0023780459 scopus 로고
    • N-Methyl-D-aspartate raises cytosolic calcium concentration in rat cerebellar granule cells in culture
    • Burgoyne, R. D.; Pearce, I. A.; Cambray-Deakin, M. N-Methyl-D-aspartate raises cytosolic calcium concentration in rat cerebellar granule cells in culture. Neurosci. Lett. 1988, 91, 47-52.
    • (1988) Neurosci. Lett , vol.91 , pp. 47-52
    • Burgoyne, R.D.1    Pearce, I.A.2    Cambray-Deakin, M.3
  • 40
    • 79960152288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A possible pivotal role of mitochondrial free calcium in neurotoxicity mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
    • Kambe, Y.; Nakamichi, N.; Takarada, T.; Fukumori, R.; Nakazato, R.; Hinoi, E.; Yoneda, Y. A possible pivotal role of mitochondrial free calcium in neurotoxicity mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Neurochem. Int. 2011, 59, 10-20.
    • (2011) Neurochem. Int , vol.59 , pp. 10-20
    • Kambe, Y.1    Nakamichi, N.2    Takarada, T.3    Fukumori, R.4    Nakazato, R.5    Hinoi, E.6    Yoneda, Y.7
  • 42
    • 0035194145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease brain: Central role for amyloid β-peptide
    • Butterfield, D. A.; Drake, J.; Pocernich, C.; Castegna, A. Evidence of oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease brain: Central role for amyloid β-peptide. Trends Mol. Med. 2001, 7, 548-554.
    • (2001) Trends Mol. Med , vol.7 , pp. 548-554
    • Butterfield, D.A.1    Drake, J.2    Pocernich, C.3    Castegna, A.4
  • 43
    • 0025309791 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial mutations may increase oxidative stress
    • Bandy, B.; Davidson, A. J. Mitochondrial mutations may increase oxidative stress. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1990, 8, 523-529.
    • (1990) Free Radic. Biol. Med , vol.8 , pp. 523-529
    • Bandy, B.1    Davidson, A.J.2
  • 44
    • 79959344446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for aging and neurodegenerative diseases
    • Reddy, P. H.; Reddy, T. P. Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 2011, 8, 393-409.
    • (2011) Curr. Alzheimer Res , vol.8 , pp. 393-409
    • Reddy, P.H.1    Reddy, T.P.2
  • 46
    • 0032904412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases: Mitochondrial and oxidative pathology, protective nuclear responses, and cell death in neurodegeneration
    • Cassarino, D. S.; Bennett, J. P., Jr. An evaluation of the role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases: Mitochondrial and oxidative pathology, protective nuclear responses, and cell death in neurodegeneration. Brain Res. Rev. 1999, 29, 1-25.
    • (1999) Brain Res. Rev , vol.29 , pp. 1-25
    • Cassarino, D.S.1    Bennett Jr., J.P.2
  • 47
    • 0027975453 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide: A physiologic messenger molecule
    • Bredt, D. S.; Snyder, S. H. Nitric oxide: A physiologic messenger molecule. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 1994, 63, 175-195.
    • (1994) Ann. Rev. Biochem , vol.63 , pp. 175-195
    • Bredt, D.S.1    Snyder, S.H.2
  • 48
    • 84875725411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the telomeric complex as therapeutic targets in acute neurodegeneration
    • Smith, J. A.; Park, S.; Krause, J. S.; Banik, N. L. Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the telomeric complex as therapeutic targets in acute neurodegeneration. Neurochem. Int. 2013, 62, 764-775.
    • (2013) Neurochem. Int , vol.62 , pp. 764-775
    • Smith, J.A.1    Park, S.2    Krause, J.S.3    Banik, N.L.4
  • 49
    • 0030915855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease
    • Markesbery, W. Oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 1997, 23, 134-147.
    • (1997) Free. Radic. Biol. Med , vol.23 , pp. 134-147
    • Markesbery, W.1
  • 50
    • 0031947574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidized lipoproteins may play a role in neuronal cell dath in Alzheimer disease
    • Draczynska-Lusiak, B.; Doung, A.; Sun, A. Y. Oxidized lipoproteins may play a role in neuronal cell dath in Alzheimer disease. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 1998, 33, 139-148.
    • (1998) Mol. Chem. Neuropathol , vol.33 , pp. 139-148
    • Draczynska-Lusiak, B.1    Doung, A.2    Sun, A.Y.3
  • 52
    • 0033860372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide-associated free radical oxidative stress
    • Varadarajan, S.; Yatin, S.; Aksenova, M.; Butterfield, D. A. Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide-associated free radical oxidative stress. J. Struct. Biol. 2000, 130, 184-208.
    • (2000) J. Struct. Biol , vol.130 , pp. 184-208
    • Varadarajan, S.1    Yatin, S.2    Aksenova, M.3    Butterfield, D.A.4
  • 53
    • 0036905921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid beta-peptide (1, 42)-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: Implications form neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease brain. A review
    • Butterfield, D. A. Amyloid beta-peptide (1, 42)-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: Implications form neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease brain. A review. Free Radic. Res. 2002, 12, 1307-1313.
    • (2002) Free Radic. Res , vol.12 , pp. 1307-1313
    • Butterfield, D.A.1
  • 54
    • 0036753272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that amyloid beta-peptide-induced peroxidation and its sequelae in Alzheimer's disease brain contribute to neuronal death
    • Butterfield, D. A.; Castegna, A.; Lauderback, C. M.; Drake, J. Evidence that amyloid beta-peptide-induced peroxidation and its sequelae in Alzheimer's disease brain contribute to neuronal death. Neurobiol. Aging 2002, 23, 655-664.
    • (2002) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.23 , pp. 655-664
    • Butterfield, D.A.1    Castegna, A.2    Lauderback, C.M.3    Drake, J.4
  • 55
    • 0036591849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in Alzheimer's disease brain: Potential causes and consequences involving amyloid β-peptide-associated free radical oxidative stress
    • Butterfield, D. A.; Lauderback, C. M. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in Alzheimer's disease brain: Potential causes and consequences involving amyloid β-peptide-associated free radical oxidative stress. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 2002, 32, 1050-1060.
    • (2002) Free. Radic. Biol. Med , vol.32 , pp. 1050-1060
    • Butterfield, D.A.1    Lauderback, C.M.2
  • 58
    • 0141673405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant treatment in Alzheimer's disease: Current state
    • Gilkun-Sherki, Y.; Melamed, E.; Offen, D. Antioxidant treatment in Alzheimer's disease: Current state. J. Mol. Neurosci. 2003, 21, 1-11.
    • (2003) J. Mol. Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 1-11
    • Gilkun-Sherki, Y.1    Melamed, E.2    Offen, D.3
  • 60
    • 33745727582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease
    • Chauhan, V.; Chauhan, A. Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. Pathophysiology 2006, 13, 195-208.
    • (2006) Pathophysiology , vol.13 , pp. 195-208
    • Chauhan, V.1    Chauhan, A.2
  • 62
    • 54249100455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Cerebrovascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and advanced clinical therapies
    • Marlatt, M. W.; Lucassen, P. J.; Perry, G.; Smith, M. A.; Zhu, X. Alzheimer's disease: Cerebrovascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and advanced clinical therapies. J. Alzheimer Dis. 2008, 15, 199-210.
    • (2008) J. Alzheimer Dis , vol.15 , pp. 199-210
    • Marlatt, M.W.1    Lucassen, P.J.2    Perry, G.3    Smith, M.A.4    Zhu, X.5
  • 63
    • 70350507972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-β, tau protein, and oxidative changes as a physiological compensatory mechanism to maintain CNS plasticity under Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative conditions
    • Koudinov, A.; Koudinova, K. E.; Berezov, T. Amyloid-β, tau protein, and oxidative changes as a physiological compensatory mechanism to maintain CNS plasticity under Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative conditions. J. Alzheimer Dis. 2009, 18, 381-400.
    • (2009) J. Alzheimer Dis , vol.18 , pp. 381-400
    • Koudinov, A.1    Koudinova, K.E.2    Berezov, T.3
  • 64
    • 77953257870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvements of the lipid peroxidation production, HNE, in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease
    • Butterfield, D. A.; Langue, M. L. B.; Sultana, R. Involvements of the lipid peroxidation production, HNE, in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2010, 180, 924-929.
    • (2010) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.180 , pp. 924-929
    • Butterfield, D.A.1    Langue, M.L.B.2    Sultana, R.3
  • 65
    • 34247366072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation as a causative factor in the aethiology of Parkinson's disease
    • Whitton, P. S. Inflammation as a causative factor in the aethiology of Parkinson's disease. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2007, 150, 963-976.
    • (2007) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.150 , pp. 963-976
    • Whitton, P.S.1
  • 66
    • 77956958953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammation is a key player in Parkinson's disease and a prime target for therapy
    • Qian, L.; Flood, P. M.; Hong, J.-S. Neuroinflammation is a key player in Parkinson's disease and a prime target for therapy. J. Neural Transm. 2010, 117, 971-979.
    • (2010) J. Neural Transm , vol.117 , pp. 971-979
    • Qian, L.1    Flood, P.M.2    Hong, J.-S.3
  • 67
    • 84872893030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Janus-faced microglia: Beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis
    • Sierra, A.; Abiega, O.; Shahraz, A.; Neumann, H. Janus-faced microglia: Beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2013, 7, 6.
    • (2013) Front. Cell. Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 6
    • Sierra, A.1    Abiega, O.2    Shahraz, A.3    Neumann, H.4
  • 68
    • 84875772691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances on the neuroprotective potential of antioxidants in experimental models of Parkinson's disease
    • Koppula, C.; Kumar, H.; More, S. V.; Kim, B. W.; Kim, I. S.; Choi, D. K. Recent advances on the neuroprotective potential of antioxidants in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 10608-10629.
    • (2012) Int. J. Mol. Sci , vol.13 , pp. 10608-10629
    • Koppula, C.1    Kumar, H.2    More, S.V.3    Kim, B.W.4    Kim, I.S.5    Choi, D.K.6
  • 69
    • 75149155060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in ALS: A key role in motor neuron injury and therapeutic target
    • Barber, S. C.; Shaw, P. J. Oxidative stress in ALS: A key role in motor neuron injury and therapeutic target. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2010, 48, 629-641.
    • (2010) Free Radic. Biol. Med , vol.48 , pp. 629-641
    • Barber, S.C.1    Shaw, P.J.2
  • 70
    • 84864032314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress underlying axonal degeneration in adrenoleukodystrophy: A paradigm for multifactorial neurodegenerative disease?
    • Galea, E.; Launay, N.; Portero-Otin, M.; Ruiz, M.; Pamplona, R.; Aubourg, P.; Ferrer, I.; Pujol, A. Oxidative stress underlying axonal degeneration in adrenoleukodystrophy: A paradigm for multifactorial neurodegenerative disease? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2012, 1822, 1475-1488.
    • (2012) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1822 , pp. 1475-1488
    • Galea, E.1    Launay, N.2    Portero-Otin, M.3    Ruiz, M.4    Pamplona, R.5    Aubourg, P.6    Ferrer, I.7    Pujol, A.8
  • 71
    • 67349247037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial structural and functional dynamics in Huntington's disease
    • Reddy, P. H.; Mao, P.; Manczak, M. Mitochondrial structural and functional dynamics in Huntington's disease. Brain Res. Rev. 2009, 61, 33-48.
    • (2009) Brain Res. Rev , vol.61 , pp. 33-48
    • Reddy, P.H.1    Mao, P.2    Manczak, M.3
  • 73
    • 27644485874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in brain aging, neurodegenerative and vascular diseases: An overview
    • Mariani, E.; Polidori, M. C.; Cherubini, A.; Mecocci, P. Oxidative stress in brain aging, neurodegenerative and vascular diseases: An overview. J. Chromatogr. 2005, 827, 65-75.
    • (2005) J. Chromatogr , vol.827 , pp. 65-75
    • Mariani, E.1    Polidori, M.C.2    Cherubini, A.3    Mecocci, P.4
  • 74
    • 9244257382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-associated dementia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress
    • Valcour, V.; Shiramizu, B. HIV-associated dementia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Mitochondrion 2004, 4, 119-129.
    • (2004) Mitochondrion , vol.4 , pp. 119-129
    • Valcour, V.1    Shiramizu, B.2
  • 76
    • 84873526680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia is primed for an increased expression of depression through activation of immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and tryptophan catabolite pathways
    • Anderson, G.; Maes, M.; Berk, M. Schizophrenia is primed for an increased expression of depression through activation of immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and tryptophan catabolite pathways. Prog. Neuro-Psycopharmacol. Biol. Psichyatry 2013, 42, 101-114.
    • (2013) Prog. Neuro-Psycopharmacol. Biol. Psichyatry , vol.42 , pp. 101-114
    • Anderson, G.1    Maes, M.2    Berk, M.3
  • 79
    • 78649975279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis, in vitro assessment of bioavailability and antioxidant activity of food carotenoids-A review
    • Rodriguez-Amaya, D. B. Quantitative analysis, in vitro assessment of bioavailability and antioxidant activity of food carotenoids-A review. J. Food Comp. Anal. 2010, 23, 726-740.
    • (2010) J. Food Comp. Anal , vol.23 , pp. 726-740
    • Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B.1
  • 80
    • 0001829248 scopus 로고
    • 1st ed.; Britton, G., Liaaen-Jensen, S., Pfander, H., Eds.; Birkhäuser: Basel, Switzerland
    • Britton, G. Carotenoids: Spectroscopy, 1st ed.; Britton, G., Liaaen-Jensen, S., Pfander, H., Eds.; Birkhäuser: Basel, Switzerland, 1995; Volume 1B, pp. 13-62.
    • (1995) Carotenoids: Spectroscopy , vol.1 B , pp. 13-62
    • Britton, G.1
  • 81
    • 0027345830 scopus 로고
    • Color as a factor in food choice
    • Clydesdale, F. M. Color as a factor in food choice. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 1993, 33, 83-101.
    • (1993) Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr , vol.33 , pp. 83-101
    • Clydesdale, F.M.1
  • 82
    • 33748799397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the colour and the chemical structure of carotenoid pigments
    • Meléndez-Martínez, A. J.; Britton, G.; Vicario, I. M.; Heredia, F. J. Relationship between the colour and the chemical structure of carotenoid pigments. Food Chem. 2007, 101, 1145-1150.
    • (2007) Food Chem , vol.101 , pp. 1145-1150
    • Meléndez-Martínez, A.J.1    Britton, G.2    Vicario, I.M.3    Heredia, F.J.4
  • 83
    • 0034775553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of carotenoids
    • Young, A. J.; Lowe, G. M. Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of carotenoids. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2001, 385, 20-27.
    • (2001) Arch. Biochem. Biophys , vol.385 , pp. 20-27
    • Young, A.J.1    Lowe, G.M.2
  • 84
    • 0031669520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prooxidant actions of carotenoids in biologic systems
    • Palozza, P. Prooxidant actions of carotenoids in biologic systems. Nutr. Rev. 1998, 56, 257-265.
    • (1998) Nutr. Rev , vol.56 , pp. 257-265
    • Palozza, P.1
  • 86
    • 0035914071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin and peridinin inhibit oxidative damage in Fe2+-loaded liposomes: Scavenging oxyradicals or changing membrane permeability?
    • Barros, M. P.; Pinto, E.; Colepicolo, P.; Pedersén, M. Astaxanthin and peridinin inhibit oxidative damage in Fe2+-loaded liposomes: Scavenging oxyradicals or changing membrane permeability? Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001, 288, 225-232.
    • (2001) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.288 , pp. 225-232
    • Barros, M.P.1    Pinto, E.2    Colepicolo, P.3    Pedersén, M.4
  • 88
    • 77957705883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin prevents in vitro auto-oxidative injury in human lymphocytes
    • Bolin, A. P.; Macedo, R. C.; Marin, D. P.; Barros, M. P.; Otton, R. Astaxanthin prevents in vitro auto-oxidative injury in human lymphocytes. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 2010, 26, 457-467.
    • (2010) Cell Biol. Toxicol , vol.26 , pp. 457-467
    • Bolin, A.P.1    Macedo, R.C.2    Marin, D.P.3    Barros, M.P.4    Otton, R.5
  • 89
    • 0037407158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haematococcus astaxanthin: Applications for human health and nutrition
    • Guerin, M.; Huntley, M. E.; Olaizola, M. Haematococcus astaxanthin: Applications for human health and nutrition. Trends Biotechnol. 2003, 21, 210-216.
    • (2003) Trends Biotechnol , vol.21 , pp. 210-216
    • Guerin, M.1    Huntley, M.E.2    Olaizola, M.3
  • 90
    • 79958842776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putative benefits of microalgal astaxanthin on exercise and human health
    • Barros, M. P.; Poppe, S. C.; Souza-Junior, T. P. Putative benefits of microalgal astaxanthin on exercise and human health. Braz. J. Pharmacognos. 2011, 21, 283-289.
    • (2011) Braz. J. Pharmacognos , vol.21 , pp. 283-289
    • Barros, M.P.1    Poppe, S.C.2    Souza-Junior, T.P.3
  • 91
    • 54949147176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New regulators of NF-κB in inflammation
    • Ghosh, S.; Hayden, M. S. New regulators of NF-κB in inflammation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2008, 8, 837-848.
    • (2008) Nat. Rev. Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 837-848
    • Ghosh, S.1    Hayden, M.S.2
  • 92
    • 33745298519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear factor-κB in cancer development and progression
    • Karin, M. Nuclear factor-κB in cancer development and progression. Nature 2006, 441, 431-436.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 431-436
    • Karin, M.1
  • 93
    • 0031172065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-κB: A crucial transcription factor for glial and neuronal cell function
    • O'Neill, L. A. J.; Kaltschmidt, C. NF-κB: A crucial transcription factor for glial and neuronal cell function. Trends Neurosci. 1997, 20, 252-258.
    • (1997) Trends Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 252-258
    • O'Neill, L.A.J.1    Kaltschmidt, C.2
  • 95
    • 78650033287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of IL-6 production by astaxanthin via ERK-, MSK-, and NF-κB-mediated signals in activated microglia
    • Kim, Y. H.; Koh, H.-K.; Kim, D.-S. Down-regulation of IL-6 production by astaxanthin via ERK-, MSK-, and NF-κB-mediated signals in activated microglia. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2010, 10, 1560-1572.
    • (2010) Int. Immunopharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 1560-1572
    • Kim, Y.H.1    Koh, H.-K.2    Kim, D.-S.3
  • 96
    • 3042742915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin inhibits nitric oxide production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing I(kappa)B kinase-dependent NF-kappaB activation
    • Lee, S. J.; Bai, S. K.; Lee, K. S.; Namkoong, S.; Na, H. J.; Ha, K. S.; Han, J. A.; Yim, S. V.; Chang, K.; Kwon, Y. G.; et al. Astaxanthin inhibits nitric oxide production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing I(kappa)B kinase-dependent NF-kappaB activation. Mol. Cells 2003, 16, 97-105.
    • (2003) Mol. Cells , vol.16 , pp. 97-105
    • Lee, S.J.1    Bai, S.K.2    Lee, K.S.3    Namkoong, S.4    Na, H.J.5    Ha, K.S.6    Han, J.A.7    Yim, S.V.8    Chang, K.9    Kwon, Y.G.10
  • 97
    • 79956080227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin inhibits tumor invasion by decreasing extracellular matrix production and induces apoptosis in experimental rat colon carcinogenesis by modulating the expressions of ERK-2, NFκB and COX-2
    • Nagendraprabhu, P.; Sudhandiran, G. Astaxanthin inhibits tumor invasion by decreasing extracellular matrix production and induces apoptosis in experimental rat colon carcinogenesis by modulating the expressions of ERK-2, NFκB and COX-2. Investig. New Drugs 2011, 29, 207-224.
    • (2011) Investig. New Drugs , vol.29 , pp. 207-224
    • Nagendraprabhu, P.1    Sudhandiran, G.2
  • 98
    • 0346726169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid action on the immune response
    • Chew, B. P.; Park, J. S. Carotenoid action on the immune response. J. Nutr. 2004, 134, 257S-261S.
    • (2004) J. Nutr , vol.134
    • Chew, B.P.1    Park, J.S.2
  • 100
    • 0033395874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary β-carotene and astaxanthin but not canthaxanthin stimulate splenocyte function in mice
    • Chew, B. P.; Wong, M. W.; Park, J. S.; Wong, T. S. Dietary β-carotene and astaxanthin but not canthaxanthin stimulate splenocyte function in mice. Anticancer Res. 1999, 19, 5223-5227.
    • (1999) Anticancer Res , vol.19 , pp. 5223-5227
    • Chew, B.P.1    Wong, M.W.2    Park, J.S.3    Wong, T.S.4
  • 101
    • 0028107320 scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulating actions of carotenoids: Enhancement of in vivo and in vitro antibody production to T-dependent antigens
    • Jyonouchi, H.; Zhang, L.; Gross, M.; Tomita, Y. Immunomodulating actions of carotenoids: Enhancement of in vivo and in vitro antibody production to T-dependent antigens. Nutr. Cancer 1994, 21, 47-58.
    • (1994) Nutr. Cancer , vol.21 , pp. 47-58
    • Jyonouchi, H.1    Zhang, L.2    Gross, M.3    Tomita, Y.4
  • 102
    • 77950289867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humans
    • Park, J. S.; Chyun, J. H.; Kim, Y. K.; Line, L. L.; Chew, B. P. Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humans. Nutr. Metab. 2010, 7, 18.
    • (2010) Nutr. Metab , vol.7 , pp. 18
    • Park, J.S.1    Chyun, J.H.2    Kim, Y.K.3    Line, L.L.4    Chew, B.P.5
  • 103
    • 0037066403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of the antioxidative property of astaxanthin to its protective effect on the promotion of cancer metastasis in mice treated with restraint stress
    • Kurihara, H.; Koda, H.; Asami, S.; Kiso, Y.; Tanaka, T. Contribution of the antioxidative property of astaxanthin to its protective effect on the promotion of cancer metastasis in mice treated with restraint stress. Life Sci. 2002, 70, 2509-2520.
    • (2002) Life Sci , vol.70 , pp. 2509-2520
    • Kurihara, H.1    Koda, H.2    Asami, S.3    Kiso, Y.4    Tanaka, T.5
  • 104
    • 78651446193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ROS production in neutrophils from alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated in vivo with astaxanthin
    • Marin, D. P.; Bolin, A. P.; Macedo, R. C.; Sampaio, S. C.; Otton, R. ROS production in neutrophils from alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated in vivo with astaxanthin. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2011, 11, 103-109.
    • (2011) Int. Immunopharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 103-109
    • Marin, D.P.1    Bolin, A.P.2    Macedo, R.C.3    Sampaio, S.C.4    Otton, R.5
  • 105
    • 84871590215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin protects against MPP+-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells via the HO-1/NOX2 axis
    • Ye, Q.; Huang, B.; Zhang, X.; Zhu, Y.; Chen, X. Astaxanthin protects against MPP+-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells via the HO-1/NOX2 axis. BMC Neurosci. 2012, 13, 156.
    • (2012) BMC Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 156
    • Ye, Q.1    Huang, B.2    Zhang, X.3    Zhu, Y.4    Chen, X.5
  • 107
    • 84876324420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supra-physiological doses of testosterone affect membrane oxidation of human neutrophils monitored by the fluorescent probe C11-BODIPY581/591
    • Souza-Junior, T. P.; Yamada, A. K.; Simão, R.; Polotow, T. G.; Curi, R.; Pope, Z.; Willardson, J. M.; Barros, M. P. Supra-physiological doses of testosterone affect membrane oxidation of human neutrophils monitored by the fluorescent probe C11-BODIPY581/591. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2013, 113, 1241-1248.
    • (2013) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol , vol.113 , pp. 1241-1248
    • Souza-Junior, T.P.1    Yamada, A.K.2    Simão, R.3    Polotow, T.G.4    Curi, R.5    Pope, Z.6    Willardson, J.M.7    Barros, M.P.8
  • 108
    • 84880802399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin protects ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress via upregulation of Nrf2-regulated phase II enzymes through activation of PI3K/Akt
    • Li, Z. R.; Dong, X.; Liu, H. L.; Chen, X.; Shi, H. Q.; Fan, Y. S.; Hou, D. S.; Zhang, X. M. Astaxanthin protects ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress via upregulation of Nrf2-regulated phase II enzymes through activation of PI3K/Akt. Mol. Vis. 2013, 19, 1656-1666.
    • (2013) Mol. Vis , vol.19 , pp. 1656-1666
    • Li, Z.R.1    Dong, X.2    Liu, H.L.3    Chen, X.4    Shi, H.Q.5    Fan, Y.S.6    Hou, D.S.7    Zhang, X.M.8
  • 109
    • 84878559318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of blastocyst development in vitro: Astaxanthin colocalization with and action on mitochondria
    • Kuroki, T.; Ikeda, S.; Okada, T.; Maoka, T.; Kitamura, A.; Sugimoto, M.; Kume, S. Astaxanthin ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of blastocyst development in vitro: Astaxanthin colocalization with and action on mitochondria. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2013, 30, 623-631.
    • (2013) J. Assist. Reprod. Genet , vol.30 , pp. 623-631
    • Kuroki, T.1    Ikeda, S.2    Okada, T.3    Maoka, T.4    Kitamura, A.5    Sugimoto, M.6    Kume, S.7
  • 110
    • 84873961757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin modulates age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in healthy dogs
    • Park, J. S.; Mathison, B. D.; Hayek, M. G.; Zhang, J.; Reinhart, G. A.; Chew, B. P. Astaxanthin modulates age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in healthy dogs. J. Anim. Sci. 2013, 91, 268-275.
    • (2013) J. Anim. Sci , vol.91 , pp. 268-275
    • Park, J.S.1    Mathison, B.D.2    Hayek, M.G.3    Zhang, J.4    Reinhart, G.A.5    Chew, B.P.6
  • 111
    • 78650257134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin protects against MPTP/MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production in vivo and in vitro
    • Lee, D. H.; Kim, C. S.; Lee, Y. J. Astaxanthin protects against MPTP/MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production in vivo and in vitro. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2011, 49, 271-280.
    • (2011) Food Chem. Toxicol , vol.49 , pp. 271-280
    • Lee, D.H.1    Kim, C.S.2    Lee, Y.J.3
  • 112
    • 77951497956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin protects mitochondrial redox state and functional integrity against oxidative stress
    • Wolf, A. M.; Asoh, S.; Hiranuma, H.; Ohsawa, I.; Iio, K.; Satou, A.; Ishikura, M.; Ohta, S. Astaxanthin protects mitochondrial redox state and functional integrity against oxidative stress. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2010, 21, 381-389.
    • (2010) J. Nutr. Biochem , vol.21 , pp. 381-389
    • Wolf, A.M.1    Asoh, S.2    Hiranuma, H.3    Ohsawa, I.4    Iio, K.5    Satou, A.6    Ishikura, M.7    Ohta, S.8
  • 113
    • 79957974850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in rat hepatocellular carcinoma CBRH-7919 cells
    • Song, X. D.; Zhang, J. J.; Wang, M. R.; Liu, W. B.; Gu, X. B.; Ly, C. J. Astaxanthin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in rat hepatocellular carcinoma CBRH-7919 cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2011, 34, 839-844.
    • (2011) Biol. Pharm. Bull , vol.34 , pp. 839-844
    • Song, X.D.1    Zhang, J.J.2    Wang, M.R.3    Liu, W.B.4    Gu, X.B.5    Ly, C.J.6
  • 114
    • 84879478157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin inhibits NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways via inactivation of Erk/MAPK and PI3K/Akt to induce intrinsic apoptosis in a hamster model of oral cancer
    • Kavitha, K.; Kowshik, J.; Kishore, T. K.; Baba, A. B.; Nagini, S. Astaxanthin inhibits NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways via inactivation of Erk/MAPK and PI3K/Akt to induce intrinsic apoptosis in a hamster model of oral cancer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2013, 1830, 4433-4444.
    • (2013) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1830 , pp. 4433-4444
    • Kavitha, K.1    Kowshik, J.2    Kishore, T.K.3    Baba, A.B.4    Nagini, S.5
  • 115
    • 84875760496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin attenuates the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in db/db mice by inhibition of oxidative stress
    • Dong, L. Y.; Jin, J.; Lu, G.; Kang, X. L. Astaxanthin attenuates the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in db/db mice by inhibition of oxidative stress. Mar. Drugs 2013, 11, 960-974.
    • (2013) Mar. Drugs , vol.11 , pp. 960-974
    • Dong, L.Y.1    Jin, J.2    Lu, G.3    Kang, X.L.4
  • 117
    • 84894243395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations that affect mitochondrial functions and their association with neurodegenerative diseases
    • Dhillon, V. S.; Fenech, M. Mutations that affect mitochondrial functions and their association with neurodegenerative diseases. Mutat. Res. 2014, 759, 1-13.
    • (2014) Mutat. Res , vol.759 , pp. 1-13
    • Dhillon, V.S.1    Fenech, M.2
  • 118
    • 84885056536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, delays disease progression and alleviates pathogenesis in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis
    • Mao, P.; Manczak, M.; Shirendeb, U. P.; Reddy, P. H. MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, delays disease progression and alleviates pathogenesis in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2013, 1832, 2322-2331.
    • (2013) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1832 , pp. 2322-2331
    • Mao, P.1    Manczak, M.2    Shirendeb, U.P.3    Reddy, P.H.4
  • 119
    • 67650246073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin protects neuronal cells against oxidative damage and is a potent candidate for brain food
    • Liu, X.; Osawa, T. Astaxanthin protects neuronal cells against oxidative damage and is a potent candidate for brain food. Forum Nutr. 2009, 61, 129-135.
    • (2009) Forum Nutr , vol.61 , pp. 129-135
    • Liu, X.1    Osawa, T.2
  • 120
    • 77957949839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin upregulates heme oxygenase-1 expression through ERK1/2 pathway and its protective effect against beta-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells
    • Wang, H.-Q.; Sun, X.-B.; Xu, Y.-X.; Zhao, H.; Zhu, Q.-Y.; Zhu, C.-Q. Astaxanthin upregulates heme oxygenase-1 expression through ERK1/2 pathway and its protective effect against beta-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Brain Res. 2010, 1360, 159-167.
    • (2010) Brain Res , vol.1360 , pp. 159-167
    • Wang, H.-Q.1    Sun, X.-B.2    Xu, Y.-X.3    Zhao, H.4    Zhu, Q.-Y.5    Zhu, C.-Q.6
  • 121
    • 77957940294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of astaxanthin on H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and on focal cerebral ischemia in vivo
    • Lu, Y.-P.; Liu, S.-Y.; Sun, H.; Wu, X.-M.; Li, J.-J.; Zhu, L. Neuroprotective effect of astaxanthin on H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and on focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. Brain Res. 2010, 1360, 40-48.
    • (2010) Brain Res , vol.1360 , pp. 40-48
    • Lu, Y.-P.1    Liu, S.-Y.2    Sun, H.3    Wu, X.-M.4    Li, J.-J.5    Zhu, L.6
  • 122
    • 69749118947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in nerve growth factor differentiated PC12 cells
    • Chan, K.-C.; Mong, M.-C.; Yin, A.-C. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in nerve growth factor differentiated PC12 cells. J. Food Sci. 2009, 74, H225-H231.
    • (2009) J. Food Sci , vol.74
    • Chan, K.-C.1    Mong, M.-C.2    Yin, A.-C.3
  • 123
    • 0142059080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid: Membrane properties of a unique fatty acid
    • Stillwell, W.; Wassall, S. R. Docosahexaenoic acid: Membrane properties of a unique fatty acid. Chem. Phys. Lipids 2003, 126, 1-27.
    • (2003) Chem. Phys. Lipids , vol.126 , pp. 1-27
    • Stillwell, W.1    Wassall, S.R.2
  • 124
    • 84884546418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on marine omega-3 fatty acids: Management of dyslipidemia and current omega-3 treatment options
    • Weintraub, H. Update on marine omega-3 fatty acids: Management of dyslipidemia and current omega-3 treatment options. Atherosclerosis 2013, 230, 381-389.
    • (2013) Atherosclerosis , vol.230 , pp. 381-389
    • Weintraub, H.1
  • 126
    • 28444484605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential fatty acids and the brain: From infancy to aging
    • Yehuda, S.; Rabinovitz, S.; Mostofsky, D. I. Essential fatty acids and the brain: From infancy to aging. Neurobiol. Aging 2005, 26, 98-102.
    • (2005) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.26 , pp. 98-102
    • Yehuda, S.1    Rabinovitz, S.2    Mostofsky, D.I.3
  • 127
    • 33750139770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovative dietary sources of n-3 fatty acids
    • Whelan, J.; Rust, C. Innovative dietary sources of n-3 fatty acids. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2006, 26, 75-103.
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Nutr , vol.26 , pp. 75-103
    • Whelan, J.1    Rust, C.2
  • 128
    • 57349107147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid and the aging brain
    • Lukiw, W. J.; Bazan, N. G. Docosahexaenoic acid and the aging brain. J. Nutr. 2008, 138, 2510-2514.
    • (2008) J. Nutr , vol.138 , pp. 2510-2514
    • Lukiw, W.J.1    Bazan, N.G.2
  • 129
    • 0025265676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary effects on brain fatty acid composition: The reversibility of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain, erythrocytes, and plasma of rhesus monkeys
    • Connor, W. E.; Neuringer, M.; Lin, D. S. Dietary effects on brain fatty acid composition: The reversibility of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain, erythrocytes, and plasma of rhesus monkeys. J. Lipid Res. 2009, 31, 237-247.
    • (2009) J. Lipid Res , vol.31 , pp. 237-247
    • Connor, W.E.1    Neuringer, M.2    Lin, D.S.3
  • 130
    • 34548616866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory discrimination ability and brain expression of c-fos, Gir and Glut1 mRNA are altered in n-3 fatty acid-depleted rats
    • Hichami, A.; Datiche, F.; Ullah, S.; Liénard, F.; Chardigny, J. M.; Cattarelli, M.; Khan, N. A. Olfactory discrimination ability and brain expression of c-fos, Gir and Glut1 mRNA are altered in n-3 fatty acid-depleted rats. Behav. Brain Res. 2007, 184, 1-10.
    • (2007) Behav. Brain Res , vol.184 , pp. 1-10
    • Hichami, A.1    Datiche, F.2    Ullah, S.3    Liénard, F.4    Chardigny, J.M.5    Cattarelli, M.6    Khan, N.A.7
  • 131
    • 1342280472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid and catechins on maze behavior in mice
    • Shirai, N.; Suzuki, H. Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid and catechins on maze behavior in mice. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 2004, 48, 51-58.
    • (2004) Ann. Nutr. Metab , vol.48 , pp. 51-58
    • Shirai, N.1    Suzuki, H.2
  • 132
    • 33745498488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition in brain development and aging: Role of essential fatty acids
    • Uauy, R.; Dangour, A. D. Nutrition in brain development and aging: Role of essential fatty acids. Nutr. Rev. 2006, 64, S24-S33.
    • (2006) Nutr. Rev , vol.64
    • Uauy, R.1    Dangour, A.D.2
  • 134
    • 0026597063 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: The amyloid cascade hypothesis
    • Hardy, J. A.; Higgins, G. A. Alzheimer's disease: The amyloid cascade hypothesis. Science 1992, 256, 184-185.
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 184-185
    • Hardy, J.A.1    Higgins, G.A.2
  • 135
    • 0026021804 scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes, not neurons, produce docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6 omega-3) and arachidonic acid (20: 4 omega-6)
    • Moore, S. A.; Yoder, E.; Murphy, S.; Dutton, G. R.; Spector, A. A. Astrocytes, not neurons, produce docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6 omega-3) and arachidonic acid (20: 4 omega-6). J. Neurochem. 1991, 56, 518-524.
    • (1991) J. Neurochem , vol.56 , pp. 518-524
    • Moore, S.A.1    Yoder, E.2    Murphy, S.3    Dutton, G.R.4    Spector, A.A.5
  • 136
    • 14944376646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic administration of docosahexaenoic acid ameliorates the impairment of spatial cognition learning ability in amyloid beta-infused rats
    • Hashimoto, M.; Tanabe, Y.; Fujii, Y.; Kikuta, T.; Shibata, H.; Shido, O. Chronic administration of docosahexaenoic acid ameliorates the impairment of spatial cognition learning ability in amyloid beta-infused rats. J. Nutr. 2005, 13, 549-555.
    • (2005) J. Nutr , vol.13 , pp. 549-555
    • Hashimoto, M.1    Tanabe, Y.2    Fujii, Y.3    Kikuta, T.4    Shibata, H.5    Shido, O.6
  • 137
    • 33748907870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid-induced protective effect against impaired learning in amyloid beta-infused rats is associated with increased synaptosomal membrane fluidity
    • Hashimoto, M.; Hossain, S.; Shimada, T.; Shido, O. Docosahexaenoic acid-induced protective effect against impaired learning in amyloid beta-infused rats is associated with increased synaptosomal membrane fluidity. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2006, 33, 934-939.
    • (2006) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol , vol.33 , pp. 934-939
    • Hashimoto, M.1    Hossain, S.2    Shimada, T.3    Shido, O.4
  • 138
    • 23944503308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion activates caspases and decreases NMDA receptors in the brain of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Calon, F.; Lim, G. P.; Morihara, T.; Yang, F.; Ubeda, O.; Salem, N., Jr.; Frautschy, S. A.; Cole, G. M. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion activates caspases and decreases NMDA receptors in the brain of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2005, 22, 617-626.
    • (2005) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 617-626
    • Calon, F.1    Lim, G.P.2    Morihara, T.3    Yang, F.4    Ubeda, O.5    Salem Jr., N.6    Frautschy, S.A.7    Cole, G.M.8
  • 139
    • 16244416174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A diet enriched with the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid reduces amyloid burden in an aged Alzheimer mouse model
    • Lim, G. P.; Calon, F.; Morihara, T.; Yang, F.; Teter, B.; Ubeda, O.; Salem, N., Jr.; Frautschy, S. A.; Cole, G. M. A diet enriched with the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid reduces amyloid burden in an aged Alzheimer mouse model. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25, 3032-3040.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 3032-3040
    • Lim, G.P.1    Calon, F.2    Morihara, T.3    Yang, F.4    Teter, B.5    Ubeda, O.6    Salem Jr., N.7    Frautschy, S.A.8    Cole, G.M.9
  • 140
    • 37549040611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid increases SorLA/LR11, a sorting protein with reduced expression in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD): Relevance to AD prevention
    • Ma, Q. L.; Teter, B.; Ubeda, O. J.; Morihara, T.; Dhoot, D.; Nyby, M. D.; Tuck, M. L.; Frautschy, S. A.; Cole, G. M. Omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid increases SorLA/LR11, a sorting protein with reduced expression in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD): Relevance to AD prevention. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27, 14299-14307.
    • (2007) J. Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 14299-14307
    • Ma, Q.L.1    Teter, B.2    Ubeda, O.J.3    Morihara, T.4    Dhoot, D.5    Nyby, M.D.6    Tuck, M.L.7    Frautschy, S.A.8    Cole, G.M.9
  • 141
    • 35348824359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A diet high in omega-3 fatty acids does not improve or protect cognitive performance in Alzheimer's transgenic mice
    • Arendash, G. W.; Jensen, M. T.; Salem, N., Jr.; Hussein, N.; Cracchiolo, J.; Dickson, A.; Leighty, R.; Potter, H. A diet high in omega-3 fatty acids does not improve or protect cognitive performance in Alzheimer's transgenic mice. Neuroscience 2007, 149, 286-302.
    • (2007) Neuroscience , vol.149 , pp. 286-302
    • Arendash, G.W.1    Jensen, M.T.2    Salem Jr., N.3    Hussein, N.4    Cracchiolo, J.5    Dickson, A.6    Leighty, R.7    Potter, H.8
  • 144
    • 79959973322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Alzheimer's disease: Key questions and partial answers
    • Calon, F. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Alzheimer's disease: Key questions and partial answers. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 2011, 8, 470-478.
    • (2011) Curr. Alzheimer Res , vol.8 , pp. 470-478
    • Calon, F.1
  • 145
    • 36649010031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective action of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against neurodegenerative diseases: Evidence from animal studies
    • Calon, F.; Cole, G. Neuroprotective action of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against neurodegenerative diseases: Evidence from animal studies. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 2007, 77, 287-293.
    • (2007) Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids , vol.77 , pp. 287-293
    • Calon, F.1    Cole, G.2
  • 146
    • 42049096538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on toxin-induced neuronal degeneration in an animal model of Parkinson's disease
    • Bousquet, M.; Saint-Pierre, M.; Julien, C.; Salem, N., Jr.; Cicchetti, F.; Calon, F. Beneficial effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on toxin-induced neuronal degeneration in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. FASEB J. 2008, 22, 1213-1325.
    • (2008) FASEB J , vol.22 , pp. 1213-1325
    • Bousquet, M.1    Saint-Pierre, M.2    Julien, C.3    Salem Jr., N.4    Cicchetti, F.5    Calon, F.6
  • 147
    • 23844437947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of Parkinson disease: Risk of dementia and mortality: The Rotterdam Study
    • De Lau, L. M.; Schipper, C. M.; Hofman, A.; Koudstaal, P. J.; Breteler, M. M. Prognosis of Parkinson disease: Risk of dementia and mortality: The Rotterdam Study. Arch. Neurol. 2005, 62, 1265-1269.
    • (2005) Arch. Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 1265-1269
    • De Lau, L.M.1    Schipper, C.M.2    Hofman, A.3    Koudstaal, P.J.4    Breteler, M.M.5
  • 148
    • 54049153609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression in Parkinson's disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of omega-3 fatty-acid supplementation
    • Da Silva, T. M.; Munhoz, R. P.; Alvarez, C.; Naliwaiko, K.; Kiss, A.; Andreatini, R.; Ferraz, A. C. Depression in Parkinson's disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of omega-3 fatty-acid supplementation. J. Affect. Disord. 2008, 111, 351-359.
    • (2008) J. Affect. Disord , vol.111 , pp. 351-359
    • Da Silva, T.M.1    Munhoz, R.P.2    Alvarez, C.3    Naliwaiko, K.4    Kiss, A.5    Andreatini, R.6    Ferraz, A.C.7
  • 150
    • 79951670641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and first-pass metabolism of astaxanthin in rats
    • Choi, H. D.; Kang, H. E.; Yang, S. H.; Lee, M. G.; Shin, W. G. Pharmacokinetics and first-pass metabolism of astaxanthin in rats. Br. J. Nutr. 2011, 105, 220-227.
    • (2011) Br. J. Nutr , vol.105 , pp. 220-227
    • Choi, H.D.1    Kang, H.E.2    Yang, S.H.3    Lee, M.G.4    Shin, W.G.5
  • 152
    • 46049091140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No clear evidence of an association between plasma concentrations of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and depressed mood in a non-clinical population
    • Appleton, K. M.; Gunnell, D.; Peters, T. J.; Ness, A. R.; Kessler, D.; Rogers, P. J. No clear evidence of an association between plasma concentrations of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and depressed mood in a non-clinical population. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 2008, 78, 337-342.
    • (2008) Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids , vol.78 , pp. 337-342
    • Appleton, K.M.1    Gunnell, D.2    Peters, T.J.3    Ness, A.R.4    Kessler, D.5    Rogers, P.J.6
  • 154
    • 33646844063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acids improve recovery, whereas omega-6 fatty acids worsen outcome, after spinal cord injury in the adult rat
    • King, V. R.; Huang, W. L.; Dyall, S. C.; Curran, O. E.; Priestley, J. V.; Michael-Titus, A. T. Omega-3 fatty acids improve recovery, whereas omega-6 fatty acids worsen outcome, after spinal cord injury in the adult rat. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26, 4672-4680.
    • (2006) J. Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 4672-4680
    • King, V.R.1    Huang, W.L.2    Dyall, S.C.3    Curran, O.E.4    Priestley, J.V.5    Michael-Titus, A.T.6
  • 155
    • 77958126450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular stress responses, the hormesis paradigm, and vitagenes: Novel targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders
    • Calabrese, V.; Cornelius, C.; Dinkova-Kostova, A. T.; Calabrese, E. J.; Mattson, M. P. Cellular stress responses, the hormesis paradigm, and vitagenes: Novel targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2010, 13, 1763-1811.
    • (2010) Antioxid. Redox Signal , vol.13 , pp. 1763-1811
    • Calabrese, V.1    Cornelius, C.2    Dinkova-Kostova, A.T.3    Calabrese, E.J.4    Mattson, M.P.5
  • 156
    • 77951173605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acids: Potential role in the management of early Alzheimer's disease
    • Jicha, G. A.; Markesbery, W. R. Omega-3 fatty acids: Potential role in the management of early Alzheimer's disease. Clin. Interv. Aging 2010, 5, 45-61.
    • (2010) Clin. Interv. Aging , vol.5 , pp. 45-61
    • Jicha, G.A.1    Markesbery, W.R.2
  • 157
    • 77957905917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica Sars)
    • Tarling, G. A. Population dynamics of Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica Sars). Adv. Mar. Biol. 2010, 57, 59-90.
    • (2010) Adv. Mar. Biol , vol.57 , pp. 59-90
    • Tarling, G.A.1
  • 158
    • 33947546891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Krill for human consumption: Nutritional value and potential health benefits
    • Tou, J. C.; Jaczynski, J.; Chen, Y. Krill for human consumption: Nutritional value and potential health benefits. Nutr. Rev. 2007, 65, 63-77.
    • (2007) Nutr. Rev , vol.65 , pp. 63-77
    • Tou, J.C.1    Jaczynski, J.2    Chen, Y.3
  • 159
    • 79952537919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of krill oil are essentially similar to those of fish oil but at lower dose of EPA and DHA, in healthy volunteers
    • Ulven, S. M.; Kirkhus, B.; Lamglait, A.; Basu, S.; Elind, E.; Haider, T.; Berge, K.; Vik, H.; Pedersen, J. I. Metabolic effects of krill oil are essentially similar to those of fish oil but at lower dose of EPA and DHA, in healthy volunteers. Lipids 2011, 46, 37-46.
    • (2011) Lipids , vol.46 , pp. 37-46
    • Ulven, S.M.1    Kirkhus, B.2    Lamglait, A.3    Basu, S.4    Elind, E.5    Haider, T.6    Berge, K.7    Vik, H.8    Pedersen, J.I.9
  • 160
    • 44949200622 scopus 로고
    • Southern Ocean Fisheries Survey Programme, GLO/SO/7/3; Food and Agriculture Organization: Rome, Italy
    • Grantham, G. J. The Southern Ocean: The Utilization of Krill; Southern Ocean Fisheries Survey Programme, GLO/SO/7/3; Food and Agriculture Organization: Rome, Italy, 1977; pp. 1-61.
    • (1977) The Southern Ocean: The Utilization of Krill , pp. 1-61
    • Grantham, G.J.1
  • 161
    • 30344434049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unambiguous detection of astaxanthin and astaxanthin fatty acid esters in krill (Euphausia superba Dana)
    • Grynbaum, M. D.; Hentschel, P.; Putzbach, K.; Rehbein, J.; Krucker, M.; Nicholson, G.; Albert, K. Unambiguous detection of astaxanthin and astaxanthin fatty acid esters in krill (Euphausia superba Dana). J. Sep. Sci. 2005, 28, 1685-1693.
    • (2005) J. Sep. Sci , vol.28 , pp. 1685-1693
    • Grynbaum, M.D.1    Hentschel, P.2    Putzbach, K.3    Rehbein, J.4    Krucker, M.5    Nicholson, G.6    Albert, K.7
  • 162
    • 67650225004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Function of marine carotenoids
    • Miyashita, K. Function of marine carotenoids. Forum Nutr. 2009, 61, 136-146.
    • (2009) Forum Nutr , vol.61 , pp. 136-146
    • Miyashita, K.1
  • 163
    • 78149407581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraction and characterisation of lipids from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba)
    • Gigliotti, J. C.; Davenport, M. P.; Beamer, S. K.; Tou, J. C.; Jaczynski, J. Extraction and characterisation of lipids from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Food Chem. 2011, 125, 1028-1036.
    • (2011) Food Chem , vol.125 , pp. 1028-1036
    • Gigliotti, J.C.1    Davenport, M.P.2    Beamer, S.K.3    Tou, J.C.4    Jaczynski, J.5
  • 164
    • 0000241113 scopus 로고
    • The utilization of Antarctic krill for human food
    • Suzuki, T.; Shibata, N. The utilization of Antarctic krill for human food. Food Rev. Int. 1990, 6, 119-147.
    • (1990) Food Rev. Int , vol.6 , pp. 119-147
    • Suzuki, T.1    Shibata, N.2
  • 165
    • 70350088425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Krill oil supplementation increases plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in overweight and obese men and women
    • Maki, K. C.; Reeves, M. S.; Farmer, M.; Griinari, M.; Berge, K.; Vik, H.; Hubacher, R.; Rains, T. M. Krill oil supplementation increases plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in overweight and obese men and women. Nutr. Res. 2009, 29, 609-615.
    • (2009) Nutr. Res , vol.29 , pp. 609-615
    • Maki, K.C.1    Reeves, M.S.2    Farmer, M.3    Griinari, M.4    Berge, K.5    Vik, H.6    Hubacher, R.7    Rains, T.M.8
  • 166
    • 0033212893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of surfactant type, pH, and chelators on the oxidation of salmon oil-in-water emulsions
    • Mancuso, J. R.; McClements, D. J.; Decker, E. A. The effects of surfactant type, pH, and chelators on the oxidation of salmon oil-in-water emulsions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 4112-4116.
    • (1999) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.47 , pp. 4112-4116
    • Mancuso, J.R.1    McClements, D.J.2    Decker, E.A.3
  • 167
    • 80054007285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affects apparent digestibility, tissue deposition, and tissue oxidative stability in growing female rats
    • Tou, J. C.; Altman, S. N.; Gigliotti, J. C.; Benedito, V. A.; Cordonier, E. L. Different sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affects apparent digestibility, tissue deposition, and tissue oxidative stability in growing female rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2011, 10, 179.
    • (2011) Lipids Health Dis , vol.10 , pp. 179
    • Tou, J.C.1    Altman, S.N.2    Gigliotti, J.C.3    Benedito, V.A.4    Cordonier, E.L.5
  • 168
    • 0027966188 scopus 로고
    • Effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on the activities and expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in autoimmune-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice
    • Venkatraman, J. T.; Chandrasekar, B.; Kim, J. D.; Fernandes, G. Effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on the activities and expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in autoimmune-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice. Lipids 1994, 29, 561-568.
    • (1994) Lipids , vol.29 , pp. 561-568
    • Venkatraman, J.T.1    Chandrasekar, B.2    Kim, J.D.3    Fernandes, G.4
  • 169
    • 75549090956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary krill oil increases docosahexaenoic acid and reduces 2-arachidonoylglycerol but not N-acylethanolamine levels in the brain of obese Zucker rats
    • Di Marzo, V.; Griinari, M.; Carta, G.; Murru, E.; Ligresti, A.; Cordeddu, L.; Giordano, E.; Bisogno, T.; Collu, M.; Batetta, B.; et al. Dietary krill oil increases docosahexaenoic acid and reduces 2-arachidonoylglycerol but not N-acylethanolamine levels in the brain of obese Zucker rats. Int. Dairy J. 2010, 20, 231-235.
    • (2010) Int. Dairy J , vol.20 , pp. 231-235
    • Di Marzo, V.1    Griinari, M.2    Carta, G.3    Murru, E.4    Ligresti, A.5    Cordeddu, L.6    Giordano, E.7    Bisogno, T.8    Collu, M.9    Batetta, B.10
  • 170
    • 84858280750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish oil and Krill oil differentially regulate gene expression
    • Tillander, V.; Burri, L.; Alexson, S. Fish oil and Krill oil differentially regulate gene expression. Chem. Phys. Lipids 2010, 163S, S22-S33.
    • (2010) Chem. Phys. Lipids , vol.163 S
    • Tillander, V.1    Burri, L.2    Alexson, S.3
  • 171
    • 84878564904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Krill oil versus fish oil in modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism in mice transgenic for TNF-α
    • Vigerust, N. F.; Bjørndal, B.; Bohov, P.; Brattelid, T.; Svardal, A.; Berge, R. K. Krill oil versus fish oil in modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism in mice transgenic for TNF-α. Eur. J. Nutr. 2013, 52, 1315-1325.
    • (2013) Eur. J. Nutr , vol.52 , pp. 1315-1325
    • Vigerust, N.F.1    Bjørndal, B.2    Bohov, P.3    Brattelid, T.4    Svardal, A.5    Berge, R.K.6
  • 172
    • 33947181320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the effect of neptune krill oil on chronic inflammation and arthritic symptoms
    • Deutsch, L. Evaluation of the effect of neptune krill oil on chronic inflammation and arthritic symptoms. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2007, 26, 39-48.
    • (2007) J. Am. Coll. Nutr , vol.26 , pp. 39-48
    • Deutsch, L.1
  • 173


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.