메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue , 2013, Pages 1656-1666

Astaxanthin protects ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress via upregulation of Nrf2-regulated phase II enzymes through activation of PI3K/AkT

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASTAXANTHIN; CASPASE 3; GLUTAMATE CYSTEINE LIGASE CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; GLUTAMATE CYSTEINE LIGASE MODIFIER SUBUNIT; HEME OXYGENASE 1; LIGASE; MESSENGER RNA; NAD(P)H QUININE OXIDOREDUCTASE 1; OXIDOREDUCTASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PROTEIN KINASE B; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84880802399     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10900535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (137)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 0033795036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
    • [PMID:11033038]
    • Beatty S, Koh H, Phil M, Henson D, Boulton M. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2000; 45:115-34. [PMID:11033038.
    • (2000) Surv Ophthalmol , vol.45 , pp. 115-134
    • Beatty, S.1    Koh, H.2    Phil, M.3    Henson, D.4    Boulton, M.5
  • 2
    • 0142088514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Important causes of visual impairment in the world today
    • [PMID: 14559961]
    • Congdon NG, Friedman DS, Lietman T. Important causes of visual impairment in the world today. JAMA 2003; 290:2057-60. [PMID: 14559961.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 2057-2060
    • Congdon, N.G.1    Friedman, D.S.2    Lietman, T.3
  • 5
    • 79961220493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of canolol from oxidative stress-induced cell damage in ARPE-19 cells via an ERK mediated antioxidative pathway
    • [PMID: 21850179]
    • Dong X, Li Z, Wang W, Zhang W, Liu S, Zhang X. Protective effect of canolol from oxidative stress-induced cell damage in ARPE-19 cells via an ERK mediated antioxidative pathway. Mol Vis 2011; 17:2040-8. [PMID: 21850179.
    • (2011) Mol Vis , vol.17 , pp. 2040-2048
    • Dong, X.1    Li, Z.2    Wang, W.3    Zhang, W.4    Liu, S.5    Zhang, X.6
  • 7
    • 79953212580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin: A potential therapeutic agent in cardiovascular disease
    • [PMID: 21556169]
    • Fassett RG, Coombes JS. Astaxanthin: a potential therapeutic agent in cardiovascular disease. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:447-65. [PMID: 21556169.
    • (2011) Mar Drugs , vol.9 , pp. 447-465
    • Fassett, R.G.1    Coombes, J.S.2
  • 8
    • 78650257134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin protects against MPTP/MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production in vivo and in vitro
    • [PMID: 21056612]
    • Lee DH, Kim CS, Lee YJ. Astaxanthin protects against MPTP/MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production in vivo and in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:271-80. [PMID: 21056612.
    • (2011) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.49 , pp. 271-280
    • Lee, D.H.1    Kim, C.S.2    Lee, Y.J.3
  • 10
    • 77956606248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective Effects of Astax-anthin in Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in SH-SY5Y Cells and Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rat
    • [PMID: 20838567]
    • Lee DH, Lee YJ, Kwon KH. Neuroprotective Effects of Astax-anthin in Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in SH-SY5Y Cells and Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rat. J Clin Biochem Nutr2010; 47:121-9. [PMID: 20838567.
    • (2010) J Clin Biochem Nutr , vol.47 , pp. 121-129
    • Lee, D.H.1    Lee, Y.J.2    Kwon, K.H.3
  • 12
    • 79957974850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in rat hepatocellular carcinoma CBRH-7919 cells
    • [PMID: 21628881]
    • Song XD, Zhang JJ, Wang MR, Liu WB, Gu XB, Lv CJ. Astaxanthin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in rat hepatocellular carcinoma CBRH-7919 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:839-44. [PMID: 21628881.
    • (2011) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.34 , pp. 839-844
    • Song, X.D.1    Zhang, J.J.2    Wang, M.R.3    Liu, W.B.4    Gu, X.B.5    Lv, C.J.6
  • 13
    • 0034011558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and related carotenoids
    • [PMID: 10775364]
    • Naguib YM. Antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and related carotenoids. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:1150-4. [PMID: 10775364.
    • (2000) J Agric Food Chem , vol.48 , pp. 1150-1154
    • Naguib, Y.M.1
  • 15
    • 8844236897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma appearance of unesterified astaxanthin geometricalE/Z and optical R/S isomers in men given single doses of a mixture of optical 3 and 3′R/S isomers of astaxanthin fatty acyl diesters
    • [PMID: 15556071]
    • Coral-Hinostroza GN, Ytrestøyl T, Ruyter B, Bjerkeng B. Plasma appearance of unesterified astaxanthin geometricalE/Z and optical R/S isomers in men given single doses of a mixture of optical 3 and 3′R/S isomers of astaxanthin fatty acyl diesters. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2004; 139:99-110. [PMID: 15556071.
    • (2004) Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.139 , pp. 99-110
    • Coral-Hinostroza, G.N.1    Ytrestøyl, T.2    Ruyter, B.3    Bjerkeng, B.4
  • 16
    • 84857609672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids in Age-related Maculopathy Italian Study (CARMIS): Two-year results of a randomized study
    • Carmis Study Group. [PMID: 22009916]]
    • Piermarocchi S, Saviano S, Parisi V, Tedeschi M, Panozzo G, Scarpa G, Boschi G, Lo Giudice G. Carmis Study Group. Carotenoids in Age-related Maculopathy Italian Study (CARMIS): two-year results of a randomized study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2012; 22:216-25. [PMID: 22009916.
    • (2012) Eur J Ophthalmol , vol.22 , pp. 216-225
    • Piermarocchi, S.1    Saviano, S.2    Parisi, V.3    Tedeschi, M.4    Panozzo, G.5    Scarpa, G.6    Boschi, G.7    Lo Giudice, G.8
  • 17
    • 79551696850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grape seed proantho-cyanidin extract protects human lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress via reducing NF-k{cyrillic}B and MAPK protein expression
    • [PMID: 21264233]
    • Jia Z, Song Z, Zhao Y, Wang X, Liu P. Grape seed proantho-cyanidin extract protects human lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress via reducing NF-k{cyrillic}B and MAPK protein expression. Mol Vis 2011; 17:210-7. [PMID: 21264233.
    • (2011) Mol Vis , vol.17 , pp. 210-217
    • Jia, Z.1    Song, Z.2    Zhao, Y.3    Wang, X.4    Liu, P.5
  • 18
    • 77950520685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of H2O2 availability to ARPE-19 cultures in models of oxidative stress
    • [PMID: 20100568]
    • Kaczara P, Sarna T, Burke JM. Dynamics of H2O2 availability to ARPE-19 cultures in models of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:1064-70. [PMID: 20100568.
    • (2010) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.48 , pp. 1064-1070
    • Kaczara, P.1    Sarna, T.2    Burke, J.M.3
  • 19
    • 77955637594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol protects human lens epithelial cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by increasing catalase, SOD-1, and HO-1 expression
    • [PMID: 20806083]
    • Zheng Y, Liu Y, Ge J, Wang X, Liu L, Bu Z, Liu P. Resveratrol protects human lens epithelial cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by increasing catalase, SOD-1, and HO-1 expression. Mol Vis 2010; 16:1467-74. [PMID: 20806083.
    • (2010) Mol Vis , vol.16 , pp. 1467-1474
    • Zheng, Y.1    Liu, Y.2    Ge, J.3    Wang, X.4    Liu, L.5    Bu, Z.6    Liu, P.7
  • 20
    • 45549087514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential roles of the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway in regulating Nrf2-dependent antioxidant functions in the RPE
    • [PMID: 18385090]
    • Wang L, Chen Y, Sternberg P, Cai J. Essential roles of the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway in regulating Nrf2-dependent antioxidant functions in the RPE. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:1671-8. [PMID: 18385090.
    • (2008) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.49 , pp. 1671-1678
    • Wang, L.1    Chen, Y.2    Sternberg, P.3    Cai, J.4
  • 21
    • 33750583591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidant-mediated Akt activation in human RPE cells
    • [PMID: 17003457]
    • Yang P, Peairs JJ, Tano R, Jaffe GJ. Oxidant-mediated Akt activation in human RPE cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:4598-606. [PMID: 17003457.
    • (2006) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.47 , pp. 4598-4606
    • Yang, P.1    Peairs, J.J.2    Tano, R.3    Jaffe, G.J.4
  • 22
    • 78650979180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin Improves Stem Cell Potency via an Increase in the Proliferation of Neural Progenitor Cells
    • [PMID: 21614195]
    • Kim JH, Nam SW, Kim BW, Choi W, Lee JH, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Astaxanthin Improves Stem Cell Potency via an Increase in the Proliferation of Neural Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci2010; 11:5109-19. [PMID: 21614195.
    • Int J Mol Sci2010 , vol.11 , pp. 5109-5119
    • Kim, J.H.1    Nam, S.W.2    Kim, B.W.3    Choi, W.4    Lee, J.H.5    Kim, W.J.6    Choi, Y.H.7
  • 23
    • 18444366458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive and neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin in experimental animals
    • [PMID: 15635162]
    • Hussein G, Nakamura M, Zhao Q, Iguchi T, Goto H, Sankawa U, Watanabe H. Antihypertensive and neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin in experimental animals. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:47-52. [PMID: 15635162.
    • (2005) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.28 , pp. 47-52
    • Hussein, G.1    Nakamura, M.2    Zhao, Q.3    Iguchi, T.4    Goto, H.5    Sankawa, U.6    Watanabe, H.7
  • 25
    • 34247545083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of astax-anthin in obese mice fed a high-fat diet
    • [PMID: 17420580]
    • Ikeuchi M, Koyama T, Takahashi J, Yazawa K. Effects of astax-anthin in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:893-9. [PMID: 17420580.
    • (2007) Biosci Biotechnol Biochem , vol.71 , pp. 893-899
    • Ikeuchi, M.1    Koyama, T.2    Takahashi, J.3    Yazawa, K.4
  • 27
    • 56749107503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of astaxanthin on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells
    • [PMID: 19014378]
    • Ikeda Y, Tsuji S, Satoh A, Ishikura M, Shirasawa T, Shimizu T. Protective effects of astaxanthin on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurochem 2008; 107:1730-40. [PMID: 19014378.
    • (2008) J Neurochem , vol.107 , pp. 1730-1740
    • Ikeda, Y.1    Tsuji, S.2    Satoh, A.3    Ishikura, M.4    Shirasawa, T.5    Shimizu, T.6
  • 28
    • 77951497956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin protects mitochondrial redox state and functional integrity against oxidative stress
    • [PMID: 19423317]
    • Wolf AM, Asoh S, Hiranuma H, Ohsawa I, Iio K, Satou A, Ishikura M, Ohta S. Astaxanthin protects mitochondrial redox state and functional integrity against oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:381-9. [PMID: 19423317.
    • (2010) J Nutr Biochem , vol.21 , pp. 381-389
    • Wolf, A.M.1    Asoh, S.2    Hiranuma, H.3    Ohsawa, I.4    Iio, K.5    Satou, A.6    Ishikura, M.7    Ohta, S.8
  • 30
    • 0037375044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial DNA damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: A possible mechanism for RPE aging and age-related macular degeneration
    • [PMID: 12634104]]
    • Liang FQ, Godley BF. Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial DNA damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: a possible mechanism for RPE aging and age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2003; 76:397-403. [PMID: 12634104].
    • (2003) Exp Eye Res , vol.76 , pp. 397-403
    • Liang, F.Q.1    Godley, B.F.2
  • 32
    • 28744435638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cultures: Do melanosomes confer cytoprotection?
    • [PMID:, 16337882]]
    • Zareba M, Raciti MW, Henry MM, Sarna T, Burke JM. Oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cultures: do melanosomes confer cytoprotection? Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:87-100. [PMID: 16337882].
    • (2006) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.40 , pp. 87-100
    • Zareba, M.1    Raciti, M.W.2    Henry, M.M.3    Sarna, T.4    Burke, J.M.5
  • 33
    • 84860389989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in human lymphocytes treated with fatty acid mixture: Role of carotenoid astaxanthin
    • [PMID: 21549829]
    • Campoio TR, Oliveira FA, Otton R. Oxidative stress in human lymphocytes treated with fatty acid mixture: role of carotenoid astaxanthin. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1448-56. [PMID: 21549829.
    • (2011) Toxicol In Vitro , vol.25 , pp. 1448-1456
    • Campoio, T.R.1    Oliveira, F.A.2    Otton, R.3
  • 34
    • 52949135872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin, a dietary carotenoid, protects retinal cells against oxidative stress in-vitro and in mice in-vivo
    • [PMID: 18812030]
    • Nakajima Y, Inokuchi Y, Shimazawa M, Otsubo K, Ishibashi T, Hara H. Astaxanthin, a dietary carotenoid, protects retinal cells against oxidative stress in-vitro and in mice in-vivo. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60:1365-74. [PMID: 18812030.
    • (2008) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.60 , pp. 1365-1374
    • Nakajima, Y.1    Inokuchi, Y.2    Shimazawa, M.3    Otsubo, K.4    Ishibashi, T.5    Hara, H.6
  • 35
    • 78149415856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A formulated red ginseng extract rescues PC12 cells from PCB-induced oxidative cell death through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate cysteine ligase
    • [PMID: 20399244]
    • Park SH, Jang JH, Chen CY, Na HK, Surh YJ. A formulated red ginseng extract rescues PC12 cells from PCB-induced oxidative cell death through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate cysteine ligase. Toxicology 2010; 278:131-9. [PMID: 20399244.
    • (2010) Toxicology , vol.278 , pp. 131-139
    • Park, S.H.1    Jang, J.H.2    Chen, C.Y.3    Na, H.K.4    Surh, Y.J.5
  • 36
    • 84858619079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deprenyl prevents MPP(+)-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells 1665 by the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated NQO1 expression through the activation of PI3K/Akt and Erk
    • [PMID: 22019741]
    • Xiao H, Lv F, Xu W, Zhang L, Jing P, Cao X. Deprenyl prevents MPP(+)-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells 1665 by the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated NQO1 expression through the activation of PI3K/Akt and Erk. Toxicology 2011; 290:286-94. [PMID: 22019741.
    • (2011) Toxicology , vol.290 , pp. 286-294
    • Xiao, H.1    Lv, F.2    Xu, W.3    Zhang, L.4    Jing, P.5    Cao, X.6
  • 37
    • 78249255217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • α-Tocopherol is an effective Phase II enzyme inducer: Protective effects on acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
    • [PMID: 20153624]
    • Feng Z, Liu Z, Li X, Jia H, Sun L, Tian C, Jia L, Liu J. α-Tocopherol is an effective Phase II enzyme inducer: protective effects on acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:1222-31. [PMID: 20153624.
    • (2010) J Nutr Biochem , vol.21 , pp. 1222-1231
    • Feng, Z.1    Liu, Z.2    Li, X.3    Jia, H.4    Sun, L.5    Tian, C.6    Jia, L.7    Liu, J.8
  • 38
    • 41149134840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GSK-3beta down-regulates the transcription factor Nrf2 after oxidant damage: Relevance to exposure of neuronal cells to oxidative stress
    • [PMID: 18005231]
    • Rojo AI, Sagarra MR, Cuadrado A. GSK-3beta down-regulates the transcription factor Nrf2 after oxidant damage: relevance to exposure of neuronal cells to oxidative stress. J Neuro-chem 2008; 105:192-202. [PMID: 18005231.
    • (2008) J Neuro-chem , vol.105 , pp. 192-202
    • Rojo, A.I.1    Sagarra, M.R.2    Cuadrado, A.3
  • 39
    • 27744488160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of endogenous antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes by the red wine polyphenol, resveratrol in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells leads to cytoprotection against oxidative and electrophilic stress
    • [PMID: 16169743]
    • Li Y, Cao Z, Zhu H. Upregulation of endogenous antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes by the red wine polyphenol, resveratrol in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells leads to cytoprotection against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Pharmacol Res 2006; 53:6-15. [PMID: 16169743.
    • (2006) Pharmacol Res , vol.53 , pp. 6-15
    • Li, Y.1    Cao, Z.2    Zhu, H.3
  • 40
    • 0034531564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1): Chemopro-tection, bioactivation, gene regulation and genetic polymorphisms
    • [PMID: 11154736]
    • Ross D, Kepa JK, Winski SL, Beall HD, Anwar A, Siegel D. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1): chemopro-tection, bioactivation, gene regulation and genetic polymorphisms. Chem Biol Interact 2000; 129:77-97. [PMID: 11154736.
    • (2000) Chem Biol Interact , vol.129 , pp. 77-97
    • Ross, D.1    Kepa, J.K.2    Winski, S.L.3    Beall, H.D.4    Anwar, A.5    Siegel, D.6
  • 41
    • 73749083990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Up-regulation of Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression by eckol, a phlorotannin compound, through activation of Erk and PI3K/Akt
    • [PMID: 19931411]
    • Kim KC, Kang KA, Zhang R, Piao MJ, Kim GY, Kang MY, Lee SJ, Lee NH, Surh YJ, Hyun JW. Up-regulation of Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression by eckol, a phlorotannin compound, through activation of Erk and PI3K/Akt. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:297-305. [PMID: 19931411.
    • (2010) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.42 , pp. 297-305
    • Kim, K.C.1    Kang, K.A.2    Zhang, R.3    Piao, M.J.4    Kim, G.Y.5    Kang, M.Y.6    Lee, S.J.7    Lee, N.H.8    Surh, Y.J.9    Hyun, J.W.10
  • 42
    • 50249105840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naringenin-7-O-glucoside protects against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes
    • [PMID: 18652870]
    • Han X, Pan J, Ren D, Cheng Y, Fan P, Lou H. Naringenin-7-O-glucoside protects against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3140-6. [PMID: 18652870.
    • (2008) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.46 , pp. 3140-3146
    • Han, X.1    Pan, J.2    Ren, D.3    Cheng, Y.4    Fan, P.5    Lou, H.6
  • 43
    • 33745667587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased glutathione synthesis through an ARE-Nrf2-dependent pathway by zinc in the RPE: Implication for protection against oxidative stress
    • [PMID: 16723490]
    • Ha KN, Chen Y, Cai J, Sternberg P Jr. Increased glutathione synthesis through an ARE-Nrf2-dependent pathway by zinc in the RPE: implication for protection against oxidative stress. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:2709-15. [PMID: 16723490.
    • (2006) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.47 , pp. 2709-2715
    • Ha, K.N.1    Chen, Y.2    Cai, J.3    Sternberg Jr., P.4
  • 45
    • 75049084688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin intervention ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and early hepatocarcinogenesis in rat: Role of Nrf2, p53, p38 and phase-II enzymes
    • [PMID: 20038455]
    • Tripathi DN, Jena GB. Astaxanthin intervention ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and early hepatocarcinogenesis in rat: role of Nrf2, p53, p38 and phase-II enzymes. Mutat Res 2010; 696:69-80. [PMID: 20038455.
    • (2010) Mutat Res , vol.696 , pp. 69-80
    • Tripathi, D.N.1    Jena, G.B.2
  • 46
    • 78650033287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of IL-6 production by astaxanthin via ERK-, MSK-, and NF-κB-mediated signals in activated microglia
    • [PMID: 20932499
    • Kim YH, Koh HK, Kim DS. Down-regulation of IL-6 production by astaxanthin via ERK-, MSK-, and NF-κB-mediated signals in activated microglia. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:1560-72. [PMID: 20932499.
    • (2010) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 1560-1572
    • Kim, Y.H.1    Koh, H.K.2    Kim, D.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.