메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 171-208

Progestogens used in postmenopausal hormone therapy: Differences in their pharmacological properties, intracellular actions, and clinical effects

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLORMADINONE ACETATE; CYPROTERONE ACETATE; CYTOCHROME P450; DEMEGESTONE; DESOGESTREL; DIENOGEST; DROSPIRENONE; DYDROGESTERONE; GESTAGEN; GESTODENE; LEVONORGESTREL; LYNESTRENOL; MEDROGESTONE; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; MEGESTROL ACETATE; NOMEGESTROL ACETATE; NORETHISTERONE; NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; NORETYNODREL; NORGESTIMATE; PROGESTERONE; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; PROMEGESTONE; STEROID RECEPTOR; TESTOSTERONE; TIBOLONE; TRANSCORTIN; TRIMEGESTONE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN;

EID: 84876059228     PISSN: 0163769X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (335)

References (314)
  • 1
    • 0037125379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators 2002 Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
    • Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SA, Howard BV, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM, Ockene J Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators 2002 Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:321-333
    • JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 321-333
    • Rossouw, J.E.1    Anderson, G.L.2    Prentice, R.L.3    LaCroix, A.Z.4    Kooperberg, C.5    Stefanick, M.L.6    Jackson, R.D.7    Beresford, S.A.8    Howard, B.V.9    Johnson, K.C.10    Kotchen, J.M.11    Ockene, J.12
  • 4
    • 0038798005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of progestogen in hormone therapy for postmenopausal women: position statement of the North American Menopause Society
    • North American Menopause Society
    • North American Menopause Society 2003 Role of progestogen in hormone therapy for postmenopausal women: position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause 10:113-132
    • (2003) Menopause , vol.10 , pp. 113-132
  • 5
    • 0345735762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All progestins are not created equal
    • Stanczyk FZ 2003 All progestins are not created equal. Steroids 68:879-890
    • (2003) Steroids , vol.68 , pp. 879-890
    • Stanczyk, F.Z.1
  • 7
    • 24144485432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration
    • Kuhl H 2005 Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration. Climacteric 8(Suppl 1):3-63
    • (2005) Climacteric , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 3-63
    • Kuhl, H.1
  • 8
    • 0025277570 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of levonorgestrel, norethindrone, and structurally related contraceptive steroids
    • Stanczyk FZ, Roy S 1990 Metabolism of levonorgestrel, norethindrone, and structurally related contraceptive steroids. Contraception 42:67-96
    • (1990) Contraception , vol.42 , pp. 67-96
    • Stanczyk, F.Z.1    Roy, S.2
  • 9
    • 0033494064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nomenclature of the gonane progestins
    • Edgren RA, Stanczyk FZ 1999 Nomenclature of the gonane progestins. Contraception 60:313
    • (1999) Contraception , vol.60 , pp. 313
    • Edgren, R.A.1    Stanczyk, F.Z.2
  • 10
    • 0010715752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of progesterone administered orally and parenterally
    • Sitruk-Ware R, Mishell Jr DR, eds. New York: Marcel-Dekker;
    • Stanczyk FZ 2000 Pharmacokinetics of progesterone administered orally and parenterally. In: Sitruk-Ware R, Mishell Jr DR, eds. Progestins and antiprogestins in clinical practice. New York: Marcel-Dekker; 393-400
    • (2000) Progestins and antiprogestins in clinical practice , pp. 393-400
    • Stanczyk, F.Z.1
  • 11
    • 0031431370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo conversion of norethesterone and norethisterone acetate to ethinyl estradiol in postmenopausal women
    • Kuhnz W, Heuner A, Hümpel M, Seifert W, Michaelis K 1997 In vivo conversion of norethesterone and norethisterone acetate to ethinyl estradiol in postmenopausal women. Contraception 56:379-385
    • (1997) Contraception , vol.56 , pp. 379-385
    • Kuhnz, W.1    Heuner, A.2    Hümpel, M.3    Seifert, W.4    Michaelis, K.5
  • 14
    • 0025062383 scopus 로고
    • Protein binding of the contraceptive steroids gestodene 3-keto-desogestrel and ethinylestradiol in human serum
    • Kuhnz W, Pfeffer M, al-Yacoub G 1990 Protein binding of the contraceptive steroids gestodene, 3-keto-desogestrel and ethinylestradiol in human serum. J Steroid Biochem 35:313-318
    • (1990) J Steroid Biochem , vol.35 , pp. 313-318
    • Kuhnz, W.1    Pfeffer, M.2    al-Yacoub, G.3
  • 16
    • 0027241151 scopus 로고
    • The absorption of oral micronized progesterone: the effect of food, dose proportionality, and comparison with intramuscular progesterone
    • Simon JA, Robinson DE, Andrews MC, Hildebrand 3rd JR, Rocci Jr ML, Blake RE, Hodgen G D 1993 The absorption of oral micronized progesterone: the effect of food, dose proportionality, and comparison with intramuscular progesterone. Fertil Steril 60:26-33
    • (1993) Fertil Steril , vol.60 , pp. 26-33
    • Simon, J.A.1    Robinson, D.E.2    Andrews, M.C.3    Hildebrand III, J.R.4    Rocci Jr., M.L.5    Blake, R.E.6    Hodgen, G.D.7
  • 17
    • 0017198526 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic observations on medroxyprogesterone acetate administered orally and intravaginally
    • Victor A, Johansson ED 1976 Pharmacokinetic observations on medroxyprogesterone acetate administered orally and intravaginally. Contraception 14:319-329
    • (1976) Contraception , vol.14 , pp. 319-329
    • Victor, A.1    Johansson, E.D.2
  • 18
    • 0034003917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved bioavailability of a micronized megestrol acetate tablet formulation in humans
    • Farinha A, Bica A, Tavares P 2000 Improved bioavailability of a micronized megestrol acetate tablet formulation in humans. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 26:567-570
    • (2000) Drug Dev Ind Pharm , vol.26 , pp. 567-570
    • Farinha, A.1    Bica, A.2    Tavares, P.3
  • 19
    • 0027745232 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol in 15 women who received a combination oral contraceptive during three treatment cycles
    • Kuhnz W, Staks T, Jütting G 1993 Pharmacokinetics of cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol in 15 women who received a combination oral contraceptive during three treatment cycles. Contraception 48:557-575
    • (1993) Contraception , vol.48 , pp. 557-575
    • Kuhnz, W.1    Staks, T.2    Jütting, G.3
  • 20
    • 0024993114 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of oestrogens and progestogens
    • Kuhl H 1990 Pharmacokinetics of oestrogens and progestogens. Maturitas 12:171-197
    • (1990) Maturitas , vol.12 , pp. 171-197
    • Kuhl, H.1
  • 21
    • 0031864460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of medrogestone in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography
    • Lin WJ, Her SJ, Chen PF, Chen RR 1998 Determination of medrogestone in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 714:263-268
    • (1998) J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl , vol.714 , pp. 263-268
    • Lin, W.J.1    Her, S.J.2    Chen, P.F.3    Chen, R.R.4
  • 22
    • 79954587977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nomegestrol acetate, a novel progestogen for oral contraception
    • Mueck AO, Sitruk-Ware R 2011 Nomegestrol acetate, a novel progestogen for oral contraception. Steroids 76:531-539
    • (2011) Steroids , vol.76 , pp. 531-539
    • Mueck, A.O.1    Sitruk-Ware, R.2
  • 25
    • 0025604218 scopus 로고
    • Serum pharmacokinetics of orally administered desogestrel and binding of contraceptive progestogens to sex hormone-binding globulin
    • Bergink W, Assendorp R, Kloosterboer L, van Lier W, Voortman G, Qvist I 1990 Serum pharmacokinetics of orally administered desogestrel and binding of contraceptive progestogens to sex hormone-binding globulin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 163:2132-2137
    • (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.163 , pp. 2132-2137
    • Bergink, W.1    Assendorp, R.2    Kloosterboer, L.3    van Lier, W.4    Voortman, G.5    Qvist, I.6
  • 26
    • 0023202839 scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of 3-keto-desogestrel after oral administration of desogestrel and intravenous administration of 3-ketodesogestrel
    • Back DJ, Grimmer SF, Shenoy N, Orme ML 1987 Plasma concentrations of 3-keto-desogestrel after oral administration of desogestrel and intravenous administration of 3-ketodesogestrel. Contraception 35:619-626
    • (1987) Contraception , vol.35 , pp. 619-626
    • Back, D.J.1    Grimmer, S.F.2    Shenoy, N.3    Orme, M.L.4
  • 27
    • 0025727963 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of ethinylestradiol in the presence and absence of gestodene and desogestrel
    • Orme M, Back DJ, Ward S, Green S 1991 The pharmacokinetics of ethinylestradiol in the presence and absence of gestodene and desogestrel. Contraception 43:305-316
    • (1991) Contraception , vol.43 , pp. 305-316
    • Orme, M.1    Back, D.J.2    Ward, S.3    Green, S.4
  • 28
    • 0024431275 scopus 로고
    • Single dose pharmacokinetics of gestodene in women after intravenous and oral administration
    • Täuber U, Tack JW, Matthes H 1989 Single dose pharmacokinetics of gestodene in women after intravenous and oral administration. Contraception 40:461-479
    • (1989) Contraception , vol.40 , pp. 461-479
    • Täuber, U.1    Tack, J.W.2    Matthes, H.3
  • 30
    • 0034473223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Al-year pharmacokinetic investigation of a novel oral contraceptive containing drospirenone in healthy female volunteers
    • Blode H, Wuttke W, Loock W, Röll G, Heithecker R 2000 Al-year pharmacokinetic investigation of a novel oral contraceptive containing drospirenone in healthy female volunteers. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 5:256-264
    • (2000) Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care , vol.5 , pp. 256-264
    • Blode, H.1    Wuttke, W.2    Loock, W.3    Röll, G.4    Heithecker, R.5
  • 31
    • 0033833321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drospirenone: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of a unique progestogen
    • Krattenmacher R 2000 Drospirenone: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of a unique progestogen. Contraception 62:29-38
    • (2000) Contraception , vol.62 , pp. 29-38
    • Krattenmacher, R.1
  • 32
    • 0015225978 scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of progesterone after vaginal, rectal, or intramuscular administration of progesterone
    • Nillius SJ, Johansson EDB 1971 Plasma levels of progesterone after vaginal, rectal, or intramuscular administration of progesterone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 110:470-477
    • (1971) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.110 , pp. 470-477
    • Nillius, S.J.1    Johansson, E.D.B.2
  • 33
    • 0028038146 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and endometrial tissue levels of progesterone after administration by intramuscular and vaginal routes: a comparative study
    • Miles RA, Paulson RJ, Lobo RA, Press MF, Dahmoush L, Sauer MV 1994 Pharmacokinetics and endometrial tissue levels of progesterone after administration by intramuscular and vaginal routes: a comparative study. Fertil Steril 62:485-490
    • (1994) Fertil Steril , vol.62 , pp. 485-490
    • Miles, R.A.1    Paulson, R.J.2    Lobo, R.A.3    Press, M.F.4    Dahmoush, L.5    Sauer, M.V.6
  • 34
    • 16244398660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous administration of progesterone: blood levels and endometrial protection
    • Stanczyk FZ, Paulson RJ, Roy S 2005 Percutaneous administration of progesterone: blood levels and endometrial protection. Menopause 12:232-237
    • (2005) Menopause , vol.12 , pp. 232-237
    • Stanczyk, F.Z.1    Paulson, R.J.2    Roy, S.3
  • 35
    • 0037225262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical progesterone cream has an antiproliferative effect on estrogenstimulated endometrium
    • Leonetti HB, Wilson KJ, Anasti JN 2003 Topical progesterone cream has an antiproliferative effect on estrogenstimulated endometrium. Fertil Steril 79:221-222
    • (2003) Fertil Steril , vol.79 , pp. 221-222
    • Leonetti, H.B.1    Wilson, K.J.2    Anasti, J.N.3
  • 36
    • 0033783083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sequential transdermal progesterone cream on endometrium, bleeding pattern, and plasma progesterone and salivary progesterone levels in postmenopausal women
    • Wren BG, McFarland K, Edwards L, O'Shea P, Sufi S, Gross B, Eden JA 2000 Effect of sequential transdermal progesterone cream on endometrium, bleeding pattern, and plasma progesterone and salivary progesterone levels in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 3:155-160
    • (2000) Climacteric , vol.3 , pp. 155-160
    • Wren, B.G.1    McFarland, K.2    Edwards, L.3    O'Shea, P.4    Sufi, S.5    Gross, B.6    Eden, J.A.7
  • 37
    • 85172052368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Product insert, Wayne, NJ: Bayer HealthCare, Pharmaceuticals
    • Product insert 2007 Climara Pro. Wayne, NJ: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals
    • (2007) Climara, Pro
  • 38
    • 34249302421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous estradiol and levonorgestrel transdermal delivery from a 7-day patch: in vitro and in vivo drug deliveries of three formulations
    • Harrison LI, Zurth C, Gunther C, Karara AH, Melikian A, Lipp R 2007 Simultaneous estradiol and levonorgestrel transdermal delivery from a 7-day patch: in vitro and in vivo drug deliveries of three formulations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 33:373-380
    • (2007) Drug Dev Ind Pharm , vol.33 , pp. 373-380
    • Harrison, L.I.1    Zurth, C.2    Gunther, C.3    Karara, A.H.4    Melikian, A.5    Lipp, R.6
  • 39
    • 85172051213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Product insert CombiPatch., East Hanover, NJ: Novartis, Pharmaceuticals
    • Product insert 2006 CombiPatch. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals
    • (2006)
  • 41
    • 79956289710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of steroid receptor-mediated actions by synthetic progestins used in HRT and contraception
    • Africander D, Verhoog N, Hapgood JP 2011 Molecular mechanisms of steroid receptor-mediated actions by synthetic progestins used in HRT and contraception. Steroids 76:636-652
    • (2011) Steroids , vol.76 , pp. 636-652
    • Africander, D.1    Verhoog, N.2    Hapgood, J.P.3
  • 42
    • 84860342733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple nuclear receptor signaling pathways mediate the actions of synthetic progestins in target cells
    • Moore NL, Hickey TE, Butler LM, Tilley WD 2012 Multiple nuclear receptor signaling pathways mediate the actions of synthetic progestins in target cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 357:60-70
    • (2012) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.357 , pp. 60-70
    • Moore, N.L.1    Hickey, T.E.2    Butler, L.M.3    Tilley, W.D.4
  • 43
    • 27744511919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of steroid receptorAF1transactivation domains: induction of active conformations
    • Lavery DN, McEwan IJ 2005 Structure and function of steroid receptorAF1transactivation domains: induction of active conformations. Biochem J 391:449-464
    • (2005) Biochem J , vol.391 , pp. 449-464
    • Lavery, D.N.1    McEwan, I.J.2
  • 45
    • 0032160629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DNA-binding and ι2 transactivation domains of the rat glucocorticoid receptor constitute a nuclear matrix-targeting signal
    • Tang Y, Getzenberg RH, Vietmeier BN, Stallcup MR, Eggert M, Renkawitz R, DeFranco DB 1998 The DNA-binding and ι2 transactivation domains of the rat glucocorticoid receptor constitute a nuclear matrix-targeting signal. Mol Endocrinol 12:1420-1431
    • (1998) Mol Endocrinol , vol.12 , pp. 1420-1431
    • Tang, Y.1    Getzenberg, R.H.2    Vietmeier, B.N.3    Stallcup, M.R.4    Eggert, M.5    Renkawitz, R.6    DeFranco, D.B.7
  • 46
    • 0034306499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear receptor ligand-binding domains: three-dimensional structures, molecular interactions and pharmacological implications
    • Bourguet W, Germain P, Gronemeyer H 2000 Nuclear receptor ligand-binding domains: three-dimensional structures, molecular interactions and pharmacological implications. Trends Pharmacol Sci 21:381-388
    • (2000) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.21 , pp. 381-388
    • Bourguet, W.1    Germain, P.2    Gronemeyer, H.3
  • 47
    • 0034129679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid hormone receptors: an update
    • Beato M, Klug J 2000 Steroid hormone receptors: an update. Hum Reprod Update 6:225-236
    • (2000) Hum Reprod Update , vol.6 , pp. 225-236
    • Beato, M.1    Klug, J.2
  • 49
    • 0032568527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and progesterone receptor's ligand binding domains
    • Tanenbaum DM, Wang Y, Williams SP, Sigler PB 1998 Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and progesterone receptor's ligand binding domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:5998-6003
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 5998-6003
    • Tanenbaum, D.M.1    Wang, Y.2    Williams, S.P.3    Sigler, P.B.4
  • 50
    • 0032575057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomic structure of progesterone complexed with its receptor
    • Williams SP, Sigler PB 1998 Atomic structure of progesterone complexed with its receptor. Nature 393:392-396
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 392-396
    • Williams, S.P.1    Sigler, P.B.2
  • 51
    • 0026349338 scopus 로고
    • The steroid receptor superfamily: mechanisms of diversity
    • Fuller PJ 1991 The steroid receptor superfamily: mechanisms of diversity. FASEB J 5:3092-3099
    • (1991) FASEB J , vol.5 , pp. 3092-3099
    • Fuller, P.J.1
  • 52
    • 0023913120 scopus 로고
    • The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily
    • Evans RM 1988 The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science 240:889-895
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 889-895
    • Evans, R.M.1
  • 55
    • 0025323132 scopus 로고
    • Transient expression ofhumanand chicken progesterone receptors does not support alternative translational initiation from a single mRNA as the mechanism generating two receptor isoforms
    • Kastner P, Bocquel MT, Turcotte B, Garnier JM, Horwitz KB, Chambon P, Gronemeyer H 1990 Transient expression ofhumanand chicken progesterone receptors does not support alternative translational initiation from a single mRNA as the mechanism generating two receptor isoforms. J Biol Chem 265:12163-12167
    • (1990) J Biol Chem , vol.265 , pp. 12163-12167
    • Kastner, P.1    Bocquel, M.T.2    Turcotte, B.3    Garnier, J.M.4    Horwitz, K.B.5    Chambon, P.6    Gronemeyer, H.7
  • 56
    • 0028073682 scopus 로고
    • Athird transactivation function (AF3) of human progesterone receptors located in the unique N-terminal segment of the B-isoform
    • Sartorius CA, Melville MY, Hovland AR, Tung L, Takimoto GS, Horwitz KB 1994 Athird transactivation function (AF3) of human progesterone receptors located in the unique N-terminal segment of the B-isoform. Mol Endocrinol 8:1347-1360
    • (1994) Mol Endocrinol , vol.8 , pp. 1347-1360
    • Sartorius, C.A.1    Melville, M.Y.2    Hovland, A.R.3    Tung, L.4    Takimoto, G.S.5    Horwitz, K.B.6
  • 57
    • 0028033988 scopus 로고
    • The A and B isoforms of the human progesterone receptor operate through distinct signaling pathways within target cells
    • Wen DX, Xu YF, Mais DE, Goldman ME, McDonnell DP 1994 The A and B isoforms of the human progesterone receptor operate through distinct signaling pathways within target cells. Mol Cell Biol 14:8356-8364
    • (1994) Mol Cell Biol , vol.14 , pp. 8356-8364
    • Wen, D.X.1    Xu, Y.F.2    Mais, D.E.3    Goldman, M.E.4    McDonnell, D.P.5
  • 58
    • 0034000089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The opposing transcriptional activities of the two isoforms of the human progesterone receptor are due to differential cofactor binding
    • Giangrande PH, Kimbrel EA, Edwards DP, McDonnell DP 2000 The opposing transcriptional activities of the two isoforms of the human progesterone receptor are due to differential cofactor binding. Mol Cell Biol 20:3102-3115
    • (2000) Mol Cell Biol , vol.20 , pp. 3102-3115
    • Giangrande, P.H.1    Kimbrel, E.A.2    Edwards, D.P.3    McDonnell, D.P.4
  • 59
    • 79952799756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular processing of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and protein: new mechanisms for generating tissue-specific actions of glucocorticoids
    • Oakley RH, Cidlowski JA 2011 Cellular processing of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and protein: new mechanisms for generating tissue-specific actions of glucocorticoids. J Biol Chem 286:3177-3184
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , pp. 3177-3184
    • Oakley, R.H.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 60
    • 18144399332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human glucocorticoid receptor: one gene, multiple proteins and diverse responses
    • Zhou J, Cidlowski JA 2005 The human glucocorticoid receptor: one gene, multiple proteins and diverse responses. Steroids 70:407-417
    • (2005) Steroids , vol.70 , pp. 407-417
    • Zhou, J.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 61
    • 0031405453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of uterine progesterone receptor forms A and B during the menstrual cycle
    • Mangal RK, Wiehle RD, Poindexter 3rd AN, Weigel NL 1997 Differential expression of uterine progesterone receptor forms A and B during the menstrual cycle. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 63:195-202
    • (1997) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.63 , pp. 195-202
    • Mangal, R.K.1    Wiehle, R.D.2    Poindexter III, A.N.3    Weigel, N.L.4
  • 62
    • 14944339721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cre-mediated recombination in cell lineages that express the progesterone receptor
    • Soyal SM, Mukherjee A, Lee KY, Li J, Li H, DeMayo FJ, Lydon JP 2005 Cre-mediated recombination in cell lineages that express the progesterone receptor. Genesis 41: 58-66
    • (2005) Genesis , vol.41 , pp. 58-66
    • Soyal, S.M.1    Mukherjee, A.2    Lee, K.Y.3    Li, J.4    Li, H.5    DeMayo, F.J.6    Lydon, J.P.7
  • 63
    • 0025374592 scopus 로고
    • Developmental regulation of murinemammaryprogesterone receptor gene expression
    • Shyamala G, Schneider W, Schott D 1990 Developmental regulation of murinemammaryprogesterone receptor gene expression. Endocrinology 126:2882-2889
    • (1990) Endocrinology , vol.126 , pp. 2882-2889
    • Shyamala, G.1    Schneider, W.2    Schott, D.3
  • 64
    • 4444284496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive tissue selective actions of progesterone receptors
    • Mulac-Jericevic B, Conneely OM 2004 Reproductive tissue selective actions of progesterone receptors. Reproduction 128:139-146
    • (2004) Reproduction , vol.128 , pp. 139-146
    • Mulac-Jericevic, B.1    Conneely, O.M.2
  • 66
  • 67
    • 79952515594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone receptors in the human pregnancy uterus: do they hold the key to birth timing?
    • Mesiano S, Wang Y, Norwitz ER 2011 Progesterone receptors in the human pregnancy uterus: do they hold the key to birth timing? Reprod Sci 18:6-19
    • (2011) Reprod Sci , vol.18 , pp. 6-19
    • Mesiano, S.1    Wang, Y.2    Norwitz, E.R.3
  • 68
    • 33644638521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptors and human disease
    • Deroo BJ, Korach KS 2006 Estrogen receptors and human disease. J Clin Invest 116:561-570
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 561-570
    • Deroo, B.J.1    Korach, K.S.2
  • 70
    • 2542624590 scopus 로고
    • Renal mineralocorticoid receptors and hippocampal corticosterone-binding species have identical intrinsic steroid specificity
    • Krozowski ZS, Funder JW 1983 Renal mineralocorticoid receptors and hippocampal corticosterone-binding species have identical intrinsic steroid specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:6056-6060
    • (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.80 , pp. 6056-6060
    • Krozowski, Z.S.1    Funder, J.W.2
  • 72
    • 2342454479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptors and vascular inflammation
    • Funder JW 2004 Aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptors and vascular inflammation.MolCell Endocrinol 217:263-269
    • (2004) MolCell Endocrinol , vol.217 , pp. 263-269
    • Funder, J.W.1
  • 75
    • 0025230237 scopus 로고
    • Progestational and androgenic receptor binding affinities and in vivo activities of norgestimate and other progestins
    • Phillips A, Demarest K, Hahn DW, Wong F, McGuire JL 1990 Progestational and androgenic receptor binding affinities and in vivo activities of norgestimate and other progestins. Contraception 41:399-410
    • (1990) Contraception , vol.41 , pp. 399-410
    • Phillips, A.1    Demarest, K.2    Hahn, D.W.3    Wong, F.4    McGuire, J.L.5
  • 76
    • 0027457382 scopus 로고
    • Receptor binding of norgestimate: a new orally active synthetic progestational compound
    • Juchem M, Pollow K, Elger W, Hoffmann G, Möbus V 1993 Receptor binding of norgestimate: a new orally active synthetic progestational compound. Contraception 47: 283-294
    • (1993) Contraception , vol.47 , pp. 283-294
    • Juchem, M.1    Pollow, K.2    Elger, W.3    Hoffmann, G.4    Möbus, V.5
  • 77
    • 0033310360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociative glucocorticoid activity of medroxyprogesterone acetate in normal human lymphocytes
    • Bamberger CM, Else T, Bamberger AM, Beil FU, Schulte HM 1999 Dissociative glucocorticoid activity of medroxyprogesterone acetate in normal human lymphocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:4055-4061
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 4055-4061
    • Bamberger, C.M.1    Else, T.2    Bamberger, A.M.3    Beil, F.U.4    Schulte, H.M.5
  • 79
    • 0033740135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15, and/or 18-methyl groups in norethisterone on receptor binding, transactivation assays and biological activities in animals
    • 15, and/or 18-methyl groups in norethisterone on receptor binding, transactivation assays and biological activities in animals. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 74:83-92
    • (2000) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.74 , pp. 83-92
    • Deckers, G.H.1    Schoonen, W.G.2    Kloosterboer, H.J.3
  • 81
    • 0018854496 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, and progesterone receptors in progestin-induced regression of human breast cancer
    • Teulings FA, van Gilse HA, Henkelman MS, Portengen H, Alexieva-Figusch J 1980 Estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, and progesterone receptors in progestin-induced regression of human breast cancer. Cancer Res 40:2557-2561
    • (1980) Cancer Res , vol.40 , pp. 2557-2561
    • Teulings, F.A.1    van Gilse, H.A.2    Henkelman, M.S.3    Portengen, H.4    Alexieva-Figusch, J.5
  • 83
    • 0032935119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: distinct mechanisms of activation by medroxyprogesterone acetate and dihydrotestosterone
    • Kemppainen JA, Langley E, Wong CI, Bobseine K, Kelce WR, Wilson EM 1999 Distinguishing androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: distinct mechanisms of activation by medroxyprogesterone acetate and dihydrotestosterone. Mol Endocrinol 13:440-454
    • (1999) Mol Endocrinol , vol.13 , pp. 440-454
    • Kemppainen, J.A.1    Langley, E.2    Wong, C.I.3    Bobseine, K.4    Kelce, W.R.5    Wilson, E.M.6
  • 85
    • 0027298799 scopus 로고
    • Medroxyprogesterone acetate inhibits the proliferation of estrogen- and progesterone-receptor negative MFM-223 human mammary cancer cells via the androgen receptor
    • Hackenberg R, Hawighorst T, Filmer A, Nia AH, Schulz KD 1993 Medroxyprogesterone acetate inhibits the proliferation of estrogen- and progesterone-receptor negative MFM-223 human mammary cancer cells via the androgen receptor. Breast Cancer Res Treat 25:217-224
    • (1993) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.25 , pp. 217-224
    • Hackenberg, R.1    Hawighorst, T.2    Filmer, A.3    Nia, A.H.4    Schulz, K.D.5
  • 86
    • 0032768738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgen receptor agonist activity of the synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, in human breast cancer cells
    • Bentel JM, Birrell SN, Pickering MA, Holds DJ, Horsfall DJ, Tilley WD 1999 Androgen receptor agonist activity of the synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, in human breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 154:11-20
    • (1999) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.154 , pp. 11-20
    • Bentel, J.M.1    Birrell, S.N.2    Pickering, M.A.3    Holds, D.J.4    Horsfall, D.J.5    Tilley, W.D.6
  • 88
    • 1942439064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological profile of progestogens
    • Sitruk-Ware R 2004 Pharmacological profile of progestogens. Maturitas 47:277-283
    • (2004) Maturitas , vol.47 , pp. 277-283
    • Sitruk-Ware, R.1
  • 89
    • 0025629997 scopus 로고
    • Interactions with oral contraceptives
    • Fotherby K 1990 Interactions with oral contraceptives. Am J Obstet Gynecol 163:2153-2159
    • (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.163 , pp. 2153-2159
    • Fotherby, K.1
  • 90
    • 0030273673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel progestin drospirenone and its natural counterpart progesterone: biochemical profile and antiandrogenic potential
    • Fuhrmann U, Krattenmacher R, Slater EP, Fritzemeier KH 1996 The novel progestin drospirenone and its natural counterpart progesterone: biochemical profile and antiandrogenic potential. Contraception 54:243-251
    • (1996) Contraception , vol.54 , pp. 243-251
    • Fuhrmann, U.1    Krattenmacher, R.2    Slater, E.P.3    Fritzemeier, K.H.4
  • 91
    • 0018639337 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of synthetic progestagens with renal mineralocorticoid receptors
    • Wambach G, Higgins JR, Kem DC, Kaufmann W 1979 Interaction of synthetic progestagens with renal mineralocorticoid receptors. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 92:560-567
    • (1979) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.92 , pp. 560-567
    • Wambach, G.1    Higgins, J.R.2    Kem, D.C.3    Kaufmann, W.4
  • 92
    • 0026609062 scopus 로고
    • Differences between aldosterone and its antagonists in binding kinetics and ligand-induced hsp90 release from mineralocorticosteroid receptor
    • Rafestin-Oblin ME, Lombes M, Couette B, Baulieu EE 1992 Differences between aldosterone and its antagonists in binding kinetics and ligand-induced hsp90 release from mineralocorticosteroid receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 41:815-821
    • (1992) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.41 , pp. 815-821
    • Rafestin-Oblin, M.E.1    Lombes, M.2    Couette, B.3    Baulieu, E.E.4
  • 93
    • 0036941102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difference of in vivo and in vitro antimineralocorticoid potency of progesterone
    • Quinkler M, Diederich S 2002 Difference of in vivo and in vitro antimineralocorticoid potency of progesterone. Endocr Res 28:465-470
    • (2002) Endocr Res , vol.28 , pp. 465-470
    • Quinkler, M.1    Diederich, S.2
  • 95
    • 0345735759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preclinical biology of a new potent and selective progestin: trimegestone
    • Winneker RC, Bitran D, Zhang Z 2003 The preclinical biology of a new potent and selective progestin: trimegestone. Steroids 68:915-920
    • (2003) Steroids , vol.68 , pp. 915-920
    • Winneker, R.C.1    Bitran, D.2    Zhang, Z.3
  • 97
    • 37649011457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dienogest is a selective progesterone receptor agonist in transactivation analysis with potent oral endometrial activity due to its efficient pharmacokinetic profile
    • Sasagawa S, Shimizu Y, Kami H, Takeuchi T, Mita S, Imada K, Kato S, Mizuguchi K 2008 Dienogest is a selective progesterone receptor agonist in transactivation analysis with potent oral endometrial activity due to its efficient pharmacokinetic profile. Steroids 73:222-231
    • (2008) Steroids , vol.73 , pp. 222-231
    • Sasagawa, S.1    Shimizu, Y.2    Kami, H.3    Takeuchi, T.4    Mita, S.5    Imada, K.6    Kato, S.7    Mizuguchi, K.8
  • 100
    • 0020539207 scopus 로고
    • Binding of progestogens to the glucocorticoid receptor Correlation to their glucocorticoid-like effects on in vitro functions of human mononuclear leukocytes
    • Kontula K, Paavonen T, Luukkainen T, Andersson LC 1983 Binding of progestogens to the glucocorticoid receptor. Correlation to their glucocorticoid-like effects on in vitro functions of human mononuclear leukocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 32:1511-1518
    • (1983) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 1511-1518
    • Kontula, K.1    Paavonen, T.2    Luukkainen, T.3    Andersson, L.C.4
  • 101
    • 0028876786 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the novel progestin gestodene by receptor binding studies and transactivation assays
    • Fuhrmann U, Slater EP, Fritzemeier KH 1995 Characterization of the novel progestin gestodene by receptor binding studies and transactivation assays. Contraception 51: 45-52
    • (1995) Contraception , vol.51 , pp. 45-52
    • Fuhrmann, U.1    Slater, E.P.2    Fritzemeier, K.H.3
  • 102
    • 84944495442 scopus 로고
    • The assay of progestin
    • McPhail MK 1934 The assay of progestin. J Physiol 83: 145-156
    • (1934) J Physiol , vol.83 , pp. 145-156
    • McPhail, M.K.1
  • 103
    • 0002502557 scopus 로고
    • Issues in animal pharmacology
    • Goldzieher JW, Fotherby K, eds. New York: Raven Press;
    • Edgren RA 1994 Issues in animal pharmacology. In: Goldzieher JW, Fotherby K, eds. Pharmacology of the contraceptive steroids. New York: Raven Press; 81-97
    • (1994) Pharmacology of the contraceptive steroids , pp. 81-97
    • Edgren, R.A.1
  • 105
    • 34447644893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The progestational and androgenic properties of medroxyprogesterone acetate: gene regulatory overlap with dihydrotestosterone in breast cancer cells
    • Ghatge RP, Jacobsen BM, Schittone SA, Horwitz KB 2005 The progestational and androgenic properties of medroxyprogesterone acetate: gene regulatory overlap with dihydrotestosterone in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 7:R1036-R1050
    • (2005) Breast Cancer Res , vol.7
    • Ghatge, R.P.1    Jacobsen, B.M.2    Schittone, S.A.3    Horwitz, K.B.4
  • 106
    • 0032005986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progestin regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer cells
    • Hyder SM, Murthy L, Stancel GM 1998 Progestin regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 58:392-395
    • (1998) Cancer Res , vol.58 , pp. 392-395
    • Hyder, S.M.1    Murthy, L.2    Stancel, G.M.3
  • 107
    • 0037307258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progestogens activate vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells
    • Mueller MD, Vigne JL, Pritts EA, Chao V, Dreher E, Taylor RN 2003 Progestogens activate vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Fertil Steril 79:386-392
    • (2003) Fertil Steril , vol.79 , pp. 386-392
    • Mueller, M.D.1    Vigne, J.L.2    Pritts, E.A.3    Chao, V.4    Dreher, E.5    Taylor, R.N.6
  • 109
    • 77949941545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nomegestrol acetate: pharmacology, safety profile and therapeutic efficacy
    • Lello S 2010 Nomegestrol acetate: pharmacology, safety profile and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 70:541-559
    • (2010) Drugs , vol.70 , pp. 541-559
    • Lello, S.1
  • 110
    • 79956264011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nomegestrol acetate: steroid receptor transactivation profile in Chinese hamster ovary cells and ovulation inhibition in rat and monkey
    • van Diepen HA, Lam TW, Kuil CW 2011 Nomegestrol acetate: steroid receptor transactivation profile in Chinese hamster ovary cells and ovulation inhibition in rat and monkey. Contraception 84:199-204
    • (2011) Contraception , vol.84 , pp. 199-204
    • van Diepen, H.A.1    Lam, T.W.2    Kuil, C.W.3
  • 112
    • 0014361064 scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of relative potency of progestogens
    • Swyer GI, Little V 1968 Clinical assessment of relative potency of progestogens. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 5:63-68
    • (1968) J Reprod Fertil Suppl , vol.5 , pp. 63-68
    • Swyer, G.I.1    Little, V.2
  • 113
    • 0021807155 scopus 로고
    • Relative potency of progestins used in oral contraceptives
    • Dorflinger LJ 1985 Relative potency of progestins used in oral contraceptives. Contraception 31:557-570
    • (1985) Contraception , vol.31 , pp. 557-570
    • Dorflinger, L.J.1
  • 114
    • 0019834060 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogens and progestins on the biochemistry and morphology of the postmenopausal endometrium
    • Whitehead MI, Townsend PT, Pryse-Davies J, Ryder TA, King RJB 1981 Effects of estrogens and progestins on the biochemistry and morphology of the postmenopausal endometrium. N Engl J Med 305:1599-1605
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.305 , pp. 1599-1605
    • Whitehead, M.I.1    Townsend, P.T.2    Pryse-Davies, J.3    Ryder, T.A.4    King, R.J.B.5
  • 118
    • 0010715782 scopus 로고
    • The use of progestins and progesterone in the treatment of climacteric and postmenopausal symptoms
    • CW Bardin, E Milgrom, P Mauvais Jarvis, eds. New York: Raven Press;
    • Whitehead MI, Siddle NC, Townsend PT, Lane G, King RJ 1983 The use of progestins and progesterone in the treatment of climacteric and postmenopausal symptoms. In: CW Bardin, E Milgrom, P Mauvais Jarvis, eds. Progesterone and progestins. New York: Raven Press; 277
    • (1983) Progesterone and progestins , pp. 277
    • Whitehead, M.I.1    Siddle, N.C.2    Townsend, P.T.3    Lane, G.4    King, R.J.5
  • 121
    • 0023003337 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the potency of orally administered progestins in women
    • King RJ, Whitehead MI 1986 Assessment of the potency of orally administered progestins in women. Fertil Steril 46: 1062-1066
    • (1986) Fertil Steril , vol.46 , pp. 1062-1066
    • King, R.J.1    Whitehead, M.I.2
  • 125
    • 0032941272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential localization and activity of the A- and B-forms of the human progesterone receptor using green fluorescent protein chimeras
    • Lim CS, Baumann CT, Htun H, Xian W, Irie M, Smith CL, Hager GL 1999 Differential localization and activity of the A- and B-forms of the human progesterone receptor using green fluorescent protein chimeras. Mol Endocrinol 13: 366-375
    • (1999) Mol Endocrinol , vol.13 , pp. 366-375
    • Lim, C.S.1    Baumann, C.T.2    Htun, H.3    Xian, W.4    Irie, M.5    Smith, C.L.6    Hager, G.L.7
  • 126
    • 0030925683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid receptor interactions with heat shock protein and immunophilin chaperones
    • Pratt WB, Toft DO 1997 Steroid receptor interactions with heat shock protein and immunophilin chaperones. Endocr Rev 18:306-360
    • (1997) Endocr Rev , vol.18 , pp. 306-360
    • Pratt, W.B.1    Toft, D.O.2
  • 127
    • 37349081370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extranuclear steroid receptors: nature and actions
    • Hammes SR, Levin ER 2007 Extranuclear steroid receptors: nature and actions. Endocr Rev 28:726-741
    • (2007) Endocr Rev , vol.28 , pp. 726-741
    • Hammes, S.R.1    Levin, E.R.2
  • 128
    • 21744435965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling nuclear receptors: the circular logic of cofactor cycles
    • Perissi V, Rosenfeld MG 2005 Controlling nuclear receptors: the circular logic of cofactor cycles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:542-554
    • (2005) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.6 , pp. 542-554
    • Perissi, V.1    Rosenfeld, M.G.2
  • 129
    • 0024545638 scopus 로고
    • Gene regulation by steroid hormones
    • Beato M 1989 Gene regulation by steroid hormones. Cell 56:335-344
    • (1989) Cell , vol.56 , pp. 335-344
    • Beato, M.1
  • 130
    • 0037371863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twodomains of the progesterone receptor interact with the estrogen receptor and are required for progesterone activation of the c-Src/Erk pathway in mammalian cells
    • Ballaré C, Uhrig M, Bechtold T, Sancho E, Di Domenico M,Migliaccio A, Auricchio F, Beato M 2003 Twodomains of the progesterone receptor interact with the estrogen receptor and are required for progesterone activation of the c-Src/Erk pathway in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol 23: 1994-2008
    • (2003) Mol Cell Biol , vol.23 , pp. 1994-2008
    • Ballaré, C.1    Uhrig, M.2    Bechtold, T.3    Sancho, E.4    Di Domenico, M.5    Migliaccio, A.6    Auricchio, F.7    Beato, M.8
  • 131
    • 79953871100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread negative response elements mediate direct repression by agonist-liganded glucocorticoid receptor
    • Surjit M, Ganti KP, Mukherji A, Ye T, Hua G, Metzger D, Li M, Chambon P 2011 Widespread negative response elements mediate direct repression by agonist-liganded glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 145:224-241
    • (2011) Cell , vol.145 , pp. 224-241
    • Surjit, M.1    Ganti, K.P.2    Mukherji, A.3    Ye, T.4    Hua, G.5    Metzger, D.6    Li, M.7    Chambon, P.8
  • 132
    • 34547884315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crosstalk between the glucocorticoid receptor and other transcription factors: Molecular aspects
    • Kassel O, Herrlich P 2007 Crosstalk between the glucocorticoid receptor and other transcription factors: Molecular aspects. Mol Cell Endocrinol 275:13-29
    • (2007) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.275 , pp. 13-29
    • Kassel, O.1    Herrlich, P.2
  • 133
    • 61449229273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minireview: latest perspectives on antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoids
    • De Bosscher K, Haegeman G 2009 Minireview: latest perspectives on antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoids. Mol Endocrinol 23:281-291
    • (2009) Mol Endocrinol , vol.23 , pp. 281-291
    • De Bosscher, K.1    Haegeman, G.2
  • 135
    • 0041324898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interplay between the glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor-κB or activator protein-1: molecular mechanisms for gene repression
    • De Bosscher K, VandenBerghe W, Haegeman G 2003 The interplay between the glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor-κB or activator protein-1: molecular mechanisms for gene repression. Endocr Rev 24:488-522
    • (2003) Endocr Rev , vol.24 , pp. 488-522
    • De Bosscher, K.1    VandenBerghe, W.2    Haegeman, G.3
  • 136
    • 70449348176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms generating diversity in glucocorticoid receptor signaling
    • Revollo JR, Cidlowski JA 2009 Mechanisms generating diversity in glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Ann NY Acad Sci 1179:167-178
    • (2009) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1179 , pp. 167-178
    • Revollo, J.R.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 138
    • 0033304494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular control of immune/ inflammatory responses: interactions between nuclear factor-κB and steroid receptor-signaling pathways
    • McKay LI, Cidlowski JA 1999 Molecular control of immune/ inflammatory responses: interactions between nuclear factor-κB and steroid receptor-signaling pathways. Endocr Rev 20:435-459
    • (1999) Endocr Rev , vol.20 , pp. 435-459
    • McKay, L.I.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 139
    • 0029939162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative interaction between the RelA(p65) subunit of NF-κB and the progesterone receptor
    • Kalkhoven E, Wissink S, van der Saag PT, van der Burg B 1996 Negative interaction between the RelA(p65) subunit of NF-κB and the progesterone receptor. J Biol Chem 271: 6217-6224
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 6217-6224
    • Kalkhoven, E.1    Wissink, S.2    van der Saag, P.T.3    van der Burg, B.4
  • 142
    • 0030824266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new function for the C-terminal zinc finger of the glucocorticoid receptor Repression of Rel A transactivation
    • Liden J, Delaunay F, Rafter I, Gustafsson J, Okret S 1997 A new function for the C-terminal zinc finger of the glucocorticoid receptor. Repression of RelA transactivation. J Biol Chem 272:21467-21472
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 21467-21472
    • Liden, J.1    Delaunay, F.2    Rafter, I.3    Gustafsson, J.4    Okret, S.5
  • 143
    • 41649119043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone receptor rapid signaling mediates serine 345 phosphorylation and tethering to specificity protein 1 transcription factors
    • Faivre EJ, Daniel AR, Hillard CJ, Lange CA 2008 Progesterone receptor rapid signaling mediates serine 345 phosphorylation and tethering to specificity protein 1 transcription factors. Mol Endocrinol 22:823-837
    • (2008) Mol Endocrinol , vol.22 , pp. 823-837
    • Faivre, E.J.1    Daniel, A.R.2    Hillard, C.J.3    Lange, C.A.4
  • 144
    • 33846138978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone receptors upregulate Wnt-1 to induce epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation and c-Src-dependent sustained activation of Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase in breast cancer cells
    • Faivre EJ, Lange CA 2007 Progesterone receptors upregulate Wnt-1 to induce epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation and c-Src-dependent sustained activation of Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol 27:466-480
    • (2007) Mol Cell Biol , vol.27 , pp. 466-480
    • Faivre, E.J.1    Lange, C.A.2
  • 145
    • 79951725581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone induces expression of the prolactin receptor gene through cooperative action of Sp1 and C/EBP
    • Goldhar AS, Duan R, Ginsburg E, Vonderhaar BK 2011 Progesterone induces expression of the prolactin receptor gene through cooperative action of Sp1 and C/EBP. Mol Cell Endocrinol 335:148-157
    • (2011) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.335 , pp. 148-157
    • Goldhar, A.S.1    Duan, R.2    Ginsburg, E.3    Vonderhaar, B.K.4
  • 146
    • 15544371000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand control of coregulator recruitment to nuclear receptors
    • Nettles KW, Greene GL 2005 Ligand control of coregulator recruitment to nuclear receptors. Annu Rev Physiol 67:309-333
    • (2005) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 309-333
    • Nettles, K.W.1    Greene, G.L.2
  • 147
    • 0033305547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear receptor coregulators: cellular and molecular biology
    • McKenna NJ, Lanz RB, O'Malley BW 1999 Nuclear receptor coregulators: cellular and molecular biology. Endocr Rev 20:321-344
    • (1999) Endocr Rev , vol.20 , pp. 321-344
    • McKenna, N.J.1    Lanz, R.B.2    O'Malley, B.W.3
  • 148
    • 0036219918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgen receptor (AR) coregulators: an overview
    • Heinlein CA, Chang C 2002 Androgen receptor (AR) coregulators: an overview. Endocr Rev 23:175-200
    • (2002) Endocr Rev , vol.23 , pp. 175-200
    • Heinlein, C.A.1    Chang, C.2
  • 153
    • 79952103416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation by nuclear receptors: a plethora of mechanisms
    • Santos GM, Fairall L, Schwabe JW 2011 Negative regulation by nuclear receptors: a plethora of mechanisms. Trends Endocrinol Metab 22:87-93
    • (2011) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.22 , pp. 87-93
    • Santos, G.M.1    Fairall, L.2    Schwabe, J.W.3
  • 155
    • 0042018741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study
    • Million Women Study Collaborators, [Erratum (2003) 362:1160]
    • Beral V; Million Women Study Collaborators 2003 Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet [Erratum (2003) 362:1160] 362: 419-427
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 419-427
    • Beral, V.1
  • 156
    • 33646803851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: trumping fear with facts
    • Kaunitz AM 2006 Hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: trumping fear with facts. Menopause 13:160-163
    • (2006) Menopause , vol.13 , pp. 160-163
    • Kaunitz, A.M.1
  • 157
    • 12144252426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen, estrogen plus progestin therapy, and risk of breast cancer
    • Colditz GA 2005 Estrogen, estrogen plus progestin therapy, and risk of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 11:909s-917s
    • (2005) Clin Cancer Res , vol.11
    • Colditz, G.A.1
  • 158
    • 0035702683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative cardiovascular effects of different progestogens in menopause
    • Rosano GM, Fini M 2001 Comparative cardiovascular effects of different progestogens in menopause. Int J Fertil Womens Med 46:248-256
    • (2001) Int J Fertil Womens Med , vol.46 , pp. 248-256
    • Rosano, G.M.1    Fini, M.2
  • 159
    • 0033663674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progestins and cardiovascular risk markers
    • Sitruk-Ware R 2000 Progestins and cardiovascular risk markers. Steroids 65:651-658
    • (2000) Steroids , vol.65 , pp. 651-658
    • Sitruk-Ware, R.1
  • 161
    • 0031425890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of estrogen and medroxyprogesterone on basal and stressinduced growth hormone release, IGF-1 levels, and cellular immunity in postmenopausal women
    • Malarkey WB, Burleson M, Cacioppo JT, Poehlmann K, Glaser R, Kiecolt-Glaser JK 1997 Differential effects of estrogen and medroxyprogesterone on basal and stressinduced growth hormone release, IGF-1 levels, and cellular immunity in postmenopausal women. Endocrine 7:227-233
    • (1997) Endocrine , vol.7 , pp. 227-233
    • Malarkey, W.B.1    Burleson, M.2    Cacioppo, J.T.3    Poehlmann, K.4    Glaser, R.5    Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K.6
  • 162
    • 0037177150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on vascular inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen
    • Wakatsuki A, Okatani Y, Ikenoue N, Fukaya T 2002 Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on vascular inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen. Circulation 105:1436-1439
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1436-1439
    • Wakatsuki, A.1    Okatani, Y.2    Ikenoue, N.3    Fukaya, T.4
  • 163
    • 31344444422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of estrogen/progesterone hormone replacement therapy on natural killer cell cytotoxicity and immunoregulatory cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of postmenopausal women
    • Stopiń ska-Głuszak U, Waligóra J, Grzela T, Głuszak M, Jóźwiak J, Radomski D, Roszkowski PI, Malejczyk J 2006 Effect of estrogen/progesterone hormone replacement therapy on natural killer cell cytotoxicity and immunoregulatory cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of postmenopausal women. J Reprod Immunol 69:65-75
    • (2006) J Reprod Immunol , vol.69 , pp. 65-75
    • Stopiń ska-Głuszak, U.1    Waligóra, J.2    Grzela, T.3    Głuszak, M.4    Jóźwiak, J.5    Radomski, D.6    Roszkowski, P.I.7    Malejczyk, J.8
  • 164
    • 0028969073 scopus 로고
    • Long-term estrogen replacement therapy in female patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type: 7 case reports
    • Ohkura T, Isse K, Akazawa K, Hamamoto M, Yaoi Y, Hagino N 1995 Long-term estrogen replacement therapy in female patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type: 7 case reports. Dementia 6:99-107
    • (1995) Dementia , vol.6 , pp. 99-107
    • Ohkura, T.1    Isse, K.2    Akazawa, K.3    Hamamoto, M.4    Yaoi, Y.5    Hagino, N.6
  • 166
    • 1642377145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone therapy on mammographic breast density and breast histochemical markers in postmenopausal women
    • Valdivia I, Campodónico I, Tapia A, Capetillo M, Espinoza A, Lavín P 2004 Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone therapy on mammographic breast density and breast histochemical markers in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 81:617-623
    • (2004) Fertil Steril , vol.81 , pp. 617-623
    • Valdivia, I.1    Campodónico, I.2    Tapia, A.3    Capetillo, M.4    Espinoza, A.5    Lavín, P.6
  • 167
    • 3142719694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longterm effects of two different continuous combined regimens of hormone replacement therapy on well-being
    • Odmark IS, Bäckström T, Jonsson B, Bixo M 2004 Longterm effects of two different continuous combined regimens of hormone replacement therapy on well-being. Gynecol Endocrinol 18:305-317
    • (2004) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.18 , pp. 305-317
    • Odmark, I.S.1    Bäckström, T.2    Jonsson, B.3    Bixo, M.4
  • 168
    • 2342563102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drospirenone, a progestogen with antimineralocorticoid properties: a short review
    • Oelkers W 2004 Drospirenone, a progestogen with antimineralocorticoid properties: a short review. Mol Cell Endocrinol 217:255-261
    • (2004) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.217 , pp. 255-261
    • Oelkers, W.1
  • 170
    • 0036072256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term progestin treatment inhibits RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) gene expression in human endometrial stromal cells
    • Zhao D, Lebovic DI, Taylor R N 2002 Long-term progestin treatment inhibits RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) gene expression in human endometrial stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:2514-2519
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 2514-2519
    • Zhao, D.1    Lebovic, D.I.2    Taylor, R.N.3
  • 172
    • 0037199745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of stimulatory effect of dienogest on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by endothelial cell as compared with other synthetic progestogens
    • Tatsumi H, Kitawaki J, Tanaka K, Hosoda T, Honjo H 2002 Lack of stimulatory effect of dienogest on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by endothelial cell as compared with other synthetic progestogens. Maturitas 42:287-294
    • (2002) Maturitas , vol.42 , pp. 287-294
    • Tatsumi, H.1    Kitawaki, J.2    Tanaka, K.3    Hosoda, T.4    Honjo, H.5
  • 173
    • 77952921863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasoprotective effects of nitric oxide in atherosclerosis
    • Yasa M, Turkseven S 2005 Vasoprotective effects of nitric oxide in atherosclerosis. FABAD J Pharm Sci 30:41-53
    • (2005) FABAD J Pharm Sci , vol.30 , pp. 41-53
    • Yasa, M.1    Turkseven, S.2
  • 175
    • 35349027687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of dydrogesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate in critical areas: the brain and the vessels
    • Simoncini T, Mannella P, Pluchino N, Genazzani A 2007 Comparative effects of dydrogesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate in critical areas: the brain and the vessels. Gynecol Endocrinol 23(Suppl 1):9-16
    • (2007) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.23 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 9-16
    • Simoncini, T.1    Mannella, P.2    Pluchino, N.3    Genazzani, A.4
  • 176
    • 79951655087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medroxyprogesterone acetate antagonizes estrogen up-regulation of brain mitochondrial function
    • Irwin RW, Yao J, Ahmed SS, Hamilton RT, Cadenas E, Brinton RD 2011 Medroxyprogesterone acetate antagonizes estrogen up-regulation of brain mitochondrial function. Endocrinology 152:556-567
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 556-567
    • Irwin, R.W.1    Yao, J.2    Ahmed, S.S.3    Hamilton, R.T.4    Cadenas, E.5    Brinton, R.D.6
  • 177
    • 0642333865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgens and antiandrogens
    • Schneider HP 2003 Androgens and antiandrogens. Ann NY Acad Sci 997:292-306
    • (2003) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.997 , pp. 292-306
    • Schneider, H.P.1
  • 179
    • 0033673829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro characterization of trimegestone: a new potent and selective progestin
    • Zhang Z, Lundeen SG, Zhu Y, Carver JM, Winneker RC 2000 In vitro characterization of trimegestone: a new potent and selective progestin. Steroids 65:637-643
    • (2000) Steroids , vol.65 , pp. 637-643
    • Zhang, Z.1    Lundeen, S.G.2    Zhu, Y.3    Carver, J.M.4    Winneker, R.C.5
  • 180
  • 181
    • 80052790423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of endogenous pro-inflammatory cytokine genes by medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone acetate in cell lines of the female genital tract
    • Africander D, Louw R, Verhoog N, Noeth D, Hapgood JP 2011 Differential regulation of endogenous pro-inflammatory cytokine genes by medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone acetate in cell lines of the female genital tract. Contraception 84:423-435
    • (2011) Contraception , vol.84 , pp. 423-435
    • Africander, D.1    Louw, R.2    Verhoog, N.3    Noeth, D.4    Hapgood, J.P.5
  • 182
    • 34547760403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of androgen receptor signaling by synthetic progestogens may increase risk of developing breast cancer
    • Birrell SN, Butler LM, Harris JM, Buchanan G, TilleyWD 2007 Disruption of androgen receptor signaling by synthetic progestogens may increase risk of developing breast cancer. FASEB J 21:2285-2293
    • (2007) FASEB J , vol.21 , pp. 2285-2293
    • Birrell, S.N.1    Butler, L.M.2    Harris, J.M.3    Buchanan, G.4    Tilley, W.D.5
  • 183
    • 79960464803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential nuclear localisation and promoter occupancy play a role in glucocorticoid receptor ligand-specific transcriptional responses
    • Hadley KE, Louw A, Hapgood JP 2011 Differential nuclear localisation and promoter occupancy play a role in glucocorticoid receptor ligand-specific transcriptional responses. Steroids 76:1176-1184
    • (2011) Steroids , vol.76 , pp. 1176-1184
    • Hadley, K.E.1    Louw, A.2    Hapgood, J.P.3
  • 184
    • 0036345830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic doses of medroxyprogesterone may cause bone loss through glucocorticoid activity: an hypothesis
    • Ishida Y, Ishida Y, Heersche JN 2002 Pharmacologic doses of medroxyprogesterone may cause bone loss through glucocorticoid activity: an hypothesis. Osteoporos Int 13: 601-605
    • (2002) Osteoporos Int , vol.13 , pp. 601-605
    • Ishida, Y.1    Ishida, Y.2    Heersche, J.N.3
  • 185
    • 39149120605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of progestogens with different glucocorticoid activity on bone metabolism
    • Ishida Y, Mine T, Taguchi T 2008 Effect of progestogens with different glucocorticoid activity on bone metabolism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 68:423-428
    • (2008) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.68 , pp. 423-428
    • Ishida, Y.1    Mine, T.2    Taguchi, T.3
  • 186
    • 0037365827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medroxyprogesterone acetate decreases secretion of interleukin-6 and parathyroid hormone-related protein in a new anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line
    • Kurebayashi J, Otsuki T, Tanaka K, Yamamoto Y, Moriya T, Sonoo H 2003 Medroxyprogesterone acetate decreases secretion of interleukin-6 and parathyroid hormone-related protein in a new anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line, KTC-2. Thyroid 13:249-258
    • (2003) KTC-2. Thyroid , vol.13 , pp. 249-258
    • Kurebayashi, J.1    Otsuki, T.2    Tanaka, K.3    Yamamoto, Y.4    Moriya, T.5    Sonoo, H.6
  • 187
    • 0242412337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor density dictates the behavior of a subset of steroid ligands in glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transrepression
    • Zhao Q, Pang J, Favata MF, Trzaskos JM 2003 Receptor density dictates the behavior of a subset of steroid ligands in glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transrepression. Int Immunopharmacol 3:1803-1817
    • (2003) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.3 , pp. 1803-1817
    • Zhao, Q.1    Pang, J.2    Favata, M.F.3    Trzaskos, J.M.4
  • 188
    • 33644859967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medroxyprogesterone acetate binds the glucocorticoid receptor to stimulate _-ENaC and sgk1 expression in renal collecting duct epithelia
    • Thomas CP, Liu KZ, Vats HS 2006 Medroxyprogesterone acetate binds the glucocorticoid receptor to stimulate _-ENaC and sgk1 expression in renal collecting duct epithelia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290:F306-F312
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.290
    • Thomas, C.P.1    Liu, K.Z.2    Vats, H.S.3
  • 189
    • 0141568002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone and medroxyprogesterone acetate elevate Nm23-H1 metastasis suppressor gene expression in metastatic human breast carcinoma cells: new uses for old compounds
    • Ouatas T, Halverson D, Steeg PS 2003 Dexamethasone and medroxyprogesterone acetate elevate Nm23-H1 metastasis suppressor gene expression in metastatic human breast carcinoma cells: new uses for old compounds. Clin Cancer Res 9:3763-3772
    • (2003) Clin Cancer Res , vol.9 , pp. 3763-3772
    • Ouatas, T.1    Halverson, D.2    Steeg, P.S.3
  • 190
    • 33845965679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progestogens overcome inhibition of platelet aggregation by endothelial cells by down-regulating endothelial NO synthase via glucocorticoid receptors
    • Zerr-Fouineau M, Chataigneau M, Blot C, Schini-Kerth VB 2007 Progestogens overcome inhibition of platelet aggregation by endothelial cells by down-regulating endothelial NO synthase via glucocorticoid receptors. FASEB J 21:265-273
    • (2007) FASEB J , vol.21 , pp. 265-273
    • Zerr-Fouineau, M.1    Chataigneau, M.2    Blot, C.3    Schini-Kerth, V.B.4
  • 191
    • 0028964422 scopus 로고
    • Role of the cytokines in the neuroendocrine-immune system axis
    • Spangelo BL, Gorospe WC 1995 Role of the cytokines in the neuroendocrine-immune system axis. Front Neuroendocrinol 16:1-22
    • (1995) Front Neuroendocrinol , vol.16 , pp. 1-22
    • Spangelo, B.L.1    Gorospe, W.C.2
  • 193
    • 0035808001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex steroids used in hormonal treatment increase vascular procoagulant activity by inducing thrombin receptor (PAR-1) expression: role of the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Herkert O, Kuhl H, Sandow J, Busse R, Schini-Kerth VB 2001 Sex steroids used in hormonal treatment increase vascular procoagulant activity by inducing thrombin receptor (PAR-1) expression: role of the glucocorticoid receptor. Circulation 104:2826-2831
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2826-2831
    • Herkert, O.1    Kuhl, H.2    Sandow, J.3    Busse, R.4    Schini-Kerth, V.B.5
  • 194
    • 41149119366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glucocorticoid receptor signalling in breast cancer
    • Moutsatsou P, Papavassiliou AG 2008 The glucocorticoid receptor signalling in breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 12: 145-163
    • (2008) J Cell Mol Med , vol.12 , pp. 145-163
    • Moutsatsou, P.1    Papavassiliou, A.G.2
  • 196
    • 85047682043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overlapping but distinct gene regulation profiles by glucocorticoids and progestins in human breast cancer cells
    • Wan Y, Nordeen SK 2002 Overlapping but distinct gene regulation profiles by glucocorticoids and progestins in human breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 16:1204-1214
    • (2002) Mol Endocrinol , vol.16 , pp. 1204-1214
    • Wan, Y.1    Nordeen, S.K.2
  • 197
    • 0029917954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogens and progestogens on the renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure
    • Oelkers WK 1996 Effects of estrogens and progestogens on the renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure. Steroids 61:166-171
    • (1996) Steroids , vol.61 , pp. 166-171
    • Oelkers, W.K.1
  • 200
    • 27744554128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drospirenone in combination with estrogens: for contraception and hormone replacement therapy
    • Oelkers W 2005 Drospirenone in combination with estrogens: for contraception and hormone replacement therapy. Climacteric 8(Suppl 3):19-27
    • (2005) Climacteric , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 19-27
    • Oelkers, W.1
  • 202
    • 58149164712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of drospirenone on cardiovascular markers in human aortic endothelial cells
    • Seeger H, Wallwiener D, Mueck AO 2009 Effects of drospirenone on cardiovascular markers in human aortic endothelial cells. Climacteric 12:80-87
    • (2009) Climacteric , vol.12 , pp. 80-87
    • Seeger, H.1    Wallwiener, D.2    Mueck, A.O.3
  • 203
    • 0020557351 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the binding of oestradiol to uterine oestrogen receptors in-duced by some progesterone and 19-nor-testosterone derivatives
    • Di Carlo F, Gallo E, Conti G, Racca S 1983 Changes in the binding of oestradiol to uterine oestrogen receptors in-duced by some progesterone and 19-nor-testosterone derivatives. J Endocrinol 98:385-389
    • (1983) J Endocrinol , vol.98 , pp. 385-389
    • Di Carlo, F.1    Gallo, E.2    Conti, G.3    Racca, S.4
  • 204
    • 0028212467 scopus 로고
    • Estrogenic and progestagenic activities coexisting in steroidal drugs: quantitative evaluation by in vitro bioassays with human cells
    • Markiewicz L, Gurpide E 1994 Estrogenic and progestagenic activities coexisting in steroidal drugs: quantitative evaluation by in vitro bioassays with human cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 48:89-94
    • (1994) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.48 , pp. 89-94
    • Markiewicz, L.1    Gurpide, E.2
  • 205
    • 0344980406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations of progesterone receptor and c-fos gene expression in the rat uterus after treatment with norethisterone and its A-ring reduced metabolites
    • Mendoza-Rodríguez CA, Camacho-Arroyo I, García GA, Cerbón MA 1999 Variations of progesterone receptor and c-fos gene expression in the rat uterus after treatment with norethisterone and its A-ring reduced metabolites. Contraception 59:339-343
    • (1999) Contraception , vol.59 , pp. 339-343
    • Mendoza-Rodríguez, C.A.1    Camacho-Arroyo, I.2    García, G.A.3    Cerbón, M.A.4
  • 207
    • 26944440532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-transcriptional and nongenomic effects of glucocorticoids
    • Stellato C 2004 Post-transcriptional and nongenomic effects of glucocorticoids. Proc Am Thorac Soc 1:255-263
    • (2004) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.1 , pp. 255-263
    • Stellato, C.1
  • 208
    • 33847386641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex steroid effects at target tissues: mechanisms of action
    • Wierman ME 2007 Sex steroid effects at target tissues: mechanisms of action. Adv Physiol Educ 31:26-33
    • (2007) Adv Physiol Educ , vol.31 , pp. 26-33
    • Wierman, M.E.1
  • 209
    • 67349208215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New aspects of rapid aldosterone signaling
    • Grossmann C, Gekle M 2009 New aspects of rapid aldosterone signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 308:53-62
    • (2009) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.308 , pp. 53-62
    • Grossmann, C.1    Gekle, M.2
  • 211
    • 0042337371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent impact of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) on nuclear mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling
    • Nilsen J, Brinton RD 2003 Divergent impact of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) on nuclear mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:10506-10511
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 10506-10511
    • Nilsen, J.1    Brinton, R.D.2
  • 212
    • 44549083120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role and mechanism of progesterone receptor activation of extra-nuclear signaling pathways in regulating gene transcription and cell cycle progression
    • Boonyaratanakornkit V, Bi Y, Rudd M, Edwards DP 2008 The role and mechanism of progesterone receptor activation of extra-nuclear signaling pathways in regulating gene transcription and cell cycle progression. Steroids 73:922-928
    • (2008) Steroids , vol.73 , pp. 922-928
    • Boonyaratanakornkit, V.1    Bi, Y.2    Rudd, M.3    Edwards, D.P.4
  • 213
    • 84860339746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of phosphorylation in progesterone receptor signaling and specificity
    • Hagan CR, Daniel AR, Dressing GE, Lange CA 2012 Role of phosphorylation in progesterone receptor signaling and specificity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 357:43-49
    • (2012) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.357 , pp. 43-49
    • Hagan, C.R.1    Daniel, A.R.2    Dressing, G.E.3    Lange, C.A.4
  • 216
    • 41549091710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of membrane progestin receptor α (mPRα) and progesterone membrane receptor component 1(PGMRC1)and their roles in mediating rapid progestin actions
    • Thomas P 2008 Characteristics of membrane progestin receptor α (mPRα) and progesterone membrane receptor component 1(PGMRC1)and their roles in mediating rapid progestin actions. Front Neuroendocrinol 29:292-312
    • (2008) Front Neuroendocrinol , vol.29 , pp. 292-312
    • Thomas, P.1
  • 217
    • 33846418071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid and G protein binding characteristics of the sea trout and human progestin membrane receptor α subtypes and their evolutionary origins
    • Thomas P, Pang Y, Dong J, Groenen P, Kelder J, de Vlieg J, Zhu Y, Tubbs C 2007 Steroid and G protein binding characteristics of the sea trout and human progestin membrane receptor α subtypes and their evolutionary origins. Endocrinology 148:705-718
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 705-718
    • Thomas, P.1    Pang, Y.2    Dong, J.3    Groenen, P.4    Kelder, J.5    de Vlieg, J.6    Zhu, Y.7    Tubbs, C.8
  • 218
    • 38849164402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of membrane progesterone receptors on human T lymphocytes and Jurkat cells and activation of G-proteins by progesterone
    • Dosiou C, Hamilton AE, Pang Y, Overgaard MT, Tulac S, Dong J, Thomas P, Giudice LC 2008 Expression of membrane progesterone receptors on human T lymphocytes and Jurkat cells and activation of G-proteins by progesterone. J Endocrinol 196:67-77
    • (2008) J Endocrinol , vol.196 , pp. 67-77
    • Dosiou, C.1    Hamilton, A.E.2    Pang, Y.3    Overgaard, M.T.4    Tulac, S.5    Dong, J.6    Thomas, P.7    Giudice, L.C.8
  • 219
    • 26844491712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medroxyprogesterone acetate induces cell proliferation through up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/ nuclear factor-_B cascade in human breast cancer cells
    • Saitoh M, Ohmichi M, Takahashi K, Kawagoe J, Ohta T, Doshida M, Takahashi T, Igarashi H, Mori-Abe A, Du B, Tsutsumi S, Kurachi H 2005 Medroxyprogesterone acetate induces cell proliferation through up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/ nuclear factor-_B cascade in human breast cancer cells. Endocrinology 146:4917-4925
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 4917-4925
    • Saitoh, M.1    Ohmichi, M.2    Takahashi, K.3    Kawagoe, J.4    Ohta, T.5    Doshida, M.6    Takahashi, T.7    Igarashi, H.8    Mori-Abe, A.9    Du, B.10    Tsutsumi, S.11    Kurachi, H.12
  • 220
    • 0036897343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid nontranscriptional activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediates increased cerebral blood flow and stroke protection by corticosteroids
    • Limbourg FP, Huang Z, Plumier JC, Simoncini T, Fujioka M, Tuckermann J, Schütz G, Moskowitz MA, Liao JK 2002 Rapid nontranscriptional activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediates increased cerebral blood flow and stroke protection by corticosteroids. J Clin Invest 110:1729-1738
    • (2002) J Clin Invest , vol.110 , pp. 1729-1738
    • Limbourg, F.P.1    Huang, Z.2    Plumier, J.C.3    Simoncini, T.4    Fujioka, M.5    Tuckermann, J.6    Schütz, G.7    Moskowitz, M.A.8    Liao, J.K.9
  • 222
    • 2142647468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nongenomic actions of androgen in Sertoli cells
    • Walker WH 2003 Nongenomic actions of androgen in Sertoli cells. Curr Top Dev Biol 56:25-53
    • (2003) Curr Top Dev Biol , vol.56 , pp. 25-53
    • Walker, W.H.1
  • 223
    • 34248665831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States regulatory considerations for intrauterine progestins for hormone replacement therapy
    • Rarick L 2007 United States regulatory considerations for intrauterine progestins for hormone replacement therapy. Contraception 75:S140-S143
    • (2007) Contraception , vol.75
    • Rarick, L.1
  • 226
    • 33544458909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Million Women Study Collaborators 2005 Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study
    • Beral V, Bull D, Reeves G Million Women Study Collaborators 2005 Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 365: 1543-1551
    • Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1543-1551
    • Beral, V.1    Bull, D.2    Reeves, G.3
  • 227
    • 0001657785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Writing Group for the, PEPI., Trial 1996 Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal, women., The Postmenopausal Estrogen/ Progestin Interventions (PEPI), Trial
    • The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial 1996 Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/ Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. JAMA 275:370-375
    • JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 370-375
  • 229
    • 0036738915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twice-weekly transdermal estradiol and vaginal progesterone as continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: a 1-year prospective study
    • Cicinelli E, de Ziegler D, Galantino P, Pinto V, Barba B, Morgese S, Schonauer S 2002 Twice-weekly transdermal estradiol and vaginal progesterone as continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: a 1-year prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:556-560
    • (2002) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.187 , pp. 556-560
    • Cicinelli, E.1    de Ziegler, D.2    Galantino, P.3    Pinto, V.4    Barba, B.5    Morgese, S.6    Schonauer, S.7
  • 230
    • 20444482919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endometrial effects, bleeding control, and compliance with a new postmenopausal hormone therapy regimen based on transdermal estradiol gel and every-other-day vaginal progesterone in capsules: a 3-year pilot study
    • Cicinelli E, de Ziegler D, Alfonso R, Nicoletti R, Bellavia M, Colafiglio G 2005 Endometrial effects, bleeding control, and compliance with a new postmenopausal hormone therapy regimen based on transdermal estradiol gel and every-other-day vaginal progesterone in capsules: a 3-year pilot study. Fertil Steril 83:1859-1863
    • (2005) Fertil Steril , vol.83 , pp. 1859-1863
    • Cicinelli, E.1    de Ziegler, D.2    Alfonso, R.3    Nicoletti, R.4    Bellavia, M.5    Colafiglio, G.6
  • 231
    • 24044442911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) with conjugated oral equine estrogen: a successful regimen for HRT in perimenopausal women
    • Hampton NR, ReesMC,Lowe DG, Rauramo I, Barlow D, Guillebaud J 2005 Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) with conjugated oral equine estrogen: a successful regimen for HRT in perimenopausal women. Hum Reprod 20:2653-2660
    • (2005) Hum Reprod , vol.20 , pp. 2653-2660
    • Hampton, N.R.1    Rees, M.C.2    Lowe, D.G.3    Rauramo, I.4    Barlow, D.5    Guillebaud, J.6
  • 232
    • 0033168317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The levonorgestrel intrauterine system in menopausal hormone replacement therapy: five-year experience
    • Suvanto-Luukkonen E, Kauppila A 1999 The levonorgestrel intrauterine system in menopausal hormone replacement therapy: five-year experience. Fertil Steril 72:161-163
    • (1999) Fertil Steril , vol.72 , pp. 161-163
    • Suvanto-Luukkonen, E.1    Kauppila, A.2
  • 233
    • 0034766176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 5-year follow-up study on the use of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system in women receiving hormone replacement therapy
    • Varila E, Wahlström T, Rauramo I 2001 A 5-year follow-up study on the use of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system in women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Fertil Steril 76:969-973
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.76 , pp. 969-973
    • Varila, E.1    Wahlström, T.2    Rauramo, I.3
  • 234
    • 40849092530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the progestins responsible for breast cancer risk during hormone therapy in the postmenopause?
    • Seeger H, Mueck AO 2008 Are the progestins responsible for breast cancer risk during hormone therapy in the postmenopause? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 109:11-15
    • (2008) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.109 , pp. 11-15
    • Seeger, H.1    Mueck, A.O.2
  • 239
    • 34248588090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral effect of ultra-low-dose continuous combined estradiol and norethisterone acetate on mammographic breast density
    • Lundström E, Bygdeson M, Svane G, Azavedo E, von Schoultz B 2007 Neutral effect of ultra-low-dose continuous combined estradiol and norethisterone acetate on mammographic breast density. Climacteric 10:249-256
    • (2007) Climacteric , vol.10 , pp. 249-256
    • Lundström, E.1    Bygdeson, M.2    Svane, G.3    Azavedo, E.4    von Schoultz, B.5
  • 241
    • 0037443689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy containing progestins and given continuously increases breast carcinoma risk in Sweden
    • Olsson HL, Ingvar C, Bladström A 2003 Hormone replacement therapy containing progestins and given continuously increases breast carcinoma risk in Sweden. Cancer 97:1387-1392
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.97 , pp. 1387-1392
    • Olsson, H.L.1    Ingvar, C.2    Bladström, A.3
  • 242
    • 0034673201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin
    • Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Wan PC, Pike MC 2000 Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:328-332
    • (2000) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.92 , pp. 328-332
    • Ross, R.K.1    Paganini-Hill, A.2    Wan, P.C.3    Pike, M.C.4
  • 243
    • 0034716353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk
    • [Erratum (2000) 284: 2597]1
    • Schairer C, Lubin J, Troisi R, Sturgeon S, Brinton L, Hoover R 2000 Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. JAMA [Erratum (2000) 284:2597] 283:485-491
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 485-449
    • Schairer, C.1    Lubin, J.2    Troisi, R.3    Sturgeon, S.4    Brinton, L.5    Hoover, R.6
  • 244
    • 0038167811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between long durations and different regimens of hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer
    • Li CI, Malone KE, Porter PL, Weiss NS, Tang MT, Cushing-Haugen KL, Daling JR 2003 Relationship between long durations and different regimens of hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer. JAMA 289:3254-3263
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 3254-3263
    • Li, C.I.1    Malone, K.E.2    Porter, P.L.3    Weiss, N.S.4    Tang, M.T.5    Cushing-Haugen, K.L.6    Daling, J.R.7
  • 245
    • 0037070255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast cancer
    • Chen CL, Weiss NS, Newcomb P, Barlow W, White E 2002 Hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast cancer. JAMA 287:734-741
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 734-741
    • Chen, C.L.1    Weiss, N.S.2    Newcomb, P.3    Barlow, W.4    White, E.5
  • 246
    • 60749131430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal estrogen-containing hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer
    • Jick SS, Hagberg KW, Kaye JA, Jick H 2009 Postmenopausal estrogen-containing hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer. Obstet Gynecol 113:74-80
    • (2009) Obstet Gynecol , vol.113 , pp. 74-80
    • Jick, S.S.1    Hagberg, K.W.2    Kaye, J.A.3    Jick, H.4
  • 248
    • 27744584615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer risk with postmenopausal hormonal treatment
    • [Erratum (2006) 12: 331]
    • Collins JA, Blake JM, Crosignani PG 2005 Breast cancer risk with postmenopausal hormonal treatment. Hum Reprod Update [Erratum (2006) 12:331] 11:545-560
    • (2005) Hum Reprod Update , vol.11 , pp. 545-560
    • Collins, J.A.1    Blake, J.M.2    Crosignani, P.G.3
  • 249
    • 61449233199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal hormone use and breast cancer associations differ by hormone regimen and histologic subtype
    • [Erratum (2009) 115: 1587]
    • Calle EE, Feigelson HS, Hildebrand JS, Teras LR, Thun MJ, Rodriguez C 2009 Postmenopausal hormone use and breast cancer associations differ by hormone regimen and histologic subtype. Cancer [Erratum (2009) 115:1587] 115:936-945
    • (2009) Cancer , vol.115 , pp. 936-945
    • Calle, E.E.1    Feigelson, H.S.2    Hildebrand, J.S.3    Teras, L.R.4    Thun, M.J.5    Rodriguez, C.6
  • 251
    • 84859509821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing concepts: menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer
    • Chlebowski RT, Anderson GL 2012 Changing concepts: menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 104:517-527
    • (2012) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.104 , pp. 517-527
    • Chlebowski, R.T.1    Anderson, G.L.2
  • 252
    • 18144399618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormones and endometrial cancer-new data from the Million Women Study
    • Brinton LA, Lacey Jr JV, Trimble EL 2005 Hormones and endometrial cancer-new data from the Million Women Study. Lancet 365:1517-1518
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1517-1518
    • Brinton, L.A.1    Lacey Jr., J.V.2    Trimble, E.L.3
  • 253
    • 14044266896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer risk in relation to different types of hormone replacement therapy in the E3N-EPIC cohort
    • Fournier A, Berrino F, Riboli E, Avenel V, Clavel-Chapelon F 2005 Breast cancer risk in relation to different types of hormone replacement therapy in the E3N-EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer 114:448-454
    • (2005) Int J Cancer , vol.114 , pp. 448-454
    • Fournier, A.1    Berrino, F.2    Riboli, E.3    Avenel, V.4    Clavel-Chapelon, F.5
  • 258
    • 73949155273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular aspects of menopausal hormone replacement therapy
    • RosanoGM,Vitale C, Fini M 2009 Cardiovascular aspects of menopausal hormone replacement therapy. Climacteric 12(Suppl 1):41-46
    • (2009) Climacteric , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 41-46
    • Rosano, G.M.1    Vitale, C.2    Fini, M.3
  • 259
    • 46649108526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate and progesterone: a case of mistaken identity?
    • Hermsmeyer RK, Thompson TL, Pohost GM, Kaski JC 2008 Cardiovascular effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate and progesterone: a case of mistaken identity? Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 5:387-395
    • (2008) Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med , vol.5 , pp. 387-395
    • Hermsmeyer, R.K.1    Thompson, T.L.2    Pohost, G.M.3    Kaski, J.C.4
  • 260
    • 77957126077 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal, women., The postmenopausal estrogen/ progestin interventions (PEPI), trial
    • Writing Group for the PEPI Trial
    • Writing Group for the PEPI Trial 1995 Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The postmenopausal estrogen/ progestin interventions (PEPI) trial. JAMA 273:199-208
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 199-208
  • 261
    • 0033662080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural progesterone, but not medroxyprogesterone acetate, enhances the beneficial effect of estrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal women
    • Rosano GM, Webb CM, Chierchia S, Morgani GL, Gabraele M, Sarrel PM, de Ziegler D, Collins P 2000 Natural progesterone, but not medroxyprogesterone acetate, enhances the beneficial effect of estrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:2154-2159
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.36 , pp. 2154-2159
    • Rosano, G.M.1    Webb, C.M.2    Chierchia, S.3    Morgani, G.L.4    Gabraele, M.5    Sarrel, P.M.6    de Ziegler, D.7    Collins, P.8
  • 266
    • 0029815067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of hormone replacement therapy on carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys
    • Wagner JD, Martino MA, Jayo MJ, Anthony MS, Clarkson TB, Cefalu WT 1996 The effects of hormone replacement therapy on carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys. Metabolism 45:1254-1262
    • (1996) Metabolism , vol.45 , pp. 1254-1262
    • Wagner, J.D.1    Martino, M.A.2    Jayo, M.J.3    Anthony, M.S.4    Clarkson, T.B.5    Cefalu, W.T.6
  • 267
    • 33646143321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which progestogen is more likely to increase the risk of fatal myocardial infarction: a combination of epidemiological and trial evidence
    • Al-Azzawi F, Thompson J, Stevenson J 2006 Which progestogen is more likely to increase the risk of fatal myocardial infarction: a combination of epidemiological and trial evidence. Maturitas 54:154-163
    • (2006) Maturitas , vol.54 , pp. 154-163
    • Al-Azzawi, F.1    Thompson, J.2    Stevenson, J.3
  • 268
    • 0035035574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (a) concentrations: analysis of studies published from 1974-2000
    • Godsland IF 2001 Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (a) concentrations: analysis of studies published from 1974-2000. Fertil Steril 75:898-915
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.75 , pp. 898-915
    • Godsland, I.F.1
  • 269
    • 0037142084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of progestins in different hormone replacement therapy formulations on estrogen-induced lipid changes in postmenopausal women
    • discussion 54E-55E
    • Shulman LP 2002 Effects of progestins in different hormone replacement therapy formulations on estrogen-induced lipid changes in postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 89:47E-54E; discussion 54E-55E
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.89
    • Shulman, L.P.1
  • 270
    • 48949106217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitors and activation markers of the haemostatic system during hormone therapy: a comparative study of oral estradiol (2 mg)/dydrogesterone and estradiol (2 mg)/trimegestone
    • Norris LA, Brosnan J, Bonnar J, Conard J, Kluft C, Hellgren M 2008 Inhibitors and activation markers of the haemostatic system during hormone therapy: a comparative study of oral estradiol (2 mg)/dydrogesterone and estradiol (2 mg)/trimegestone. Thromb Haemost 100:253-260
    • (2008) Thromb Haemost , vol.100 , pp. 253-260
    • Norris, L.A.1    Brosnan, J.2    Bonnar, J.3    Conard, J.4    Kluft, C.5    Hellgren, M.6
  • 271
    • 78649649692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated protein C resistance among postmenopausal women using transdermal estrogens: importance of progestogen
    • Canonico M, Alhenc-Gelas M, Plu-Bureau G, Olié V, Scarabin PY 2010 Activated protein C resistance among postmenopausal women using transdermal estrogens: importance of progestogen. Menopause 17:1122-1127
    • (2010) Menopause , vol.17 , pp. 1122-1127
    • Canonico, M.1    Alhenc-Gelas, M.2    Plu-Bureau, G.3    Olié, V.4    Scarabin, P.Y.5
  • 273
    • 31544483304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen, raloxifene, and hormone replacement therapy on serum C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels
    • Gol M, Akan P, Dogan E, Karas C, Saygili U, Posaci C 2006 Effects of estrogen, raloxifene, and hormone replacement therapy on serum C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels. Maturitas 53:252-259
    • (2006) Maturitas , vol.53 , pp. 252-259
    • Gol, M.1    Akan, P.2    Dogan, E.3    Karas, C.4    Saygili, U.5    Posaci, C.6
  • 274
  • 275
    • 0031024335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of hormone-replacement therapy on endogenous nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) levels in postmenopausal women substituted with 17β-estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate
    • Imthurn B, Rosselli M, Jaeger AW, Keller PJ, Dubey RK 1997 Differential effects of hormone-replacement therapy on endogenous nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) levels in postmenopausal women substituted with 17β-estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:388-394
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 388-394
    • Imthurn, B.1    Rosselli, M.2    Jaeger, A.W.3    Keller, P.J.4    Dubey, R.K.5
  • 276
    • 33748176511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a newhormone therapy, drospirenone and 17-β-estradiol, in postmenopausal women with hypertension
    • White WB, Hanes V, Chauhan V, Pitt B 2006 Effects of a newhormone therapy, drospirenone and 17-β-estradiol, in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Hypertension 48:246-253
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.48 , pp. 246-253
    • White, W.B.1    Hanes, V.2    Chauhan, V.3    Pitt, B.4
  • 277
    • 38149124055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the hormone therapy, drospirenone and 17-β estradiol, on early morning blood pressure in postmenopausal women with hypertension
    • White WB, Hanes V, Mallareddy M, Chauhan V 2008 Effects of the hormone therapy, drospirenone and 17-β estradiol, on early morning blood pressure in postmenopausal women with hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 2:20-27
    • (2008) J Am Soc Hypertens , vol.2 , pp. 20-27
    • White, W.B.1    Hanes, V.2    Mallareddy, M.3    Chauhan, V.4
  • 278
    • 75149163992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the cardiovascular and breast actions of drospirenone in preclinical studies
    • Simoncini T, Genazzani AR 2010 A review of the cardiovascular and breast actions of drospirenone in preclinical studies. Climacteric 13:22-33
    • (2010) Climacteric , vol.13 , pp. 22-33
    • Simoncini, T.1    Genazzani, A.R.2
  • 279
    • 70350666661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of cardiovascular outcomes in users of estradiol/dydrogesterone or other HRT preparations
    • Schneider C, Jick SS, Meier CR 2009 Risk of cardiovascular outcomes in users of estradiol/dydrogesterone or other HRT preparations. Climacteric 12:445-453
    • (2009) Climacteric , vol.12 , pp. 445-453
    • Schneider, C.1    Jick, S.S.2    Meier, C.R.3
  • 280
    • 33847116637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens: the ESTHER study
    • Estrogen Thromboembolism Risk (Esther) Study Group
    • Canonico M, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G, Conard J, Meyer G, Lévesque H, Trillot N, Barrellier MT, Wahl D, Emmerich J, Scarabin PY; Estrogen and Thromboembolism Risk (ESTHER) Study Group 2007 Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens: the ESTHER study. Circulation 115:840-845
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 840-845
    • Canonico, M.1    Oger, E.2    Plu-Bureau, G.3    Conard, J.4    Meyer, G.5    Lévesque, H.6    Trillot, N.7    Barrellier, M.T.8    Wahl, D.9    Emmerich, J.10    Scarabin, P.Y.11
  • 281
    • 6344286114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of venous thromboembolic disease associated with hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: a clinical review
    • Gomes MP, Deitcher SR 2004 Risk of venous thromboembolic disease associated with hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: a clinical review. Arch Intern Med 164:1965-1976
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , pp. 1965-1976
    • Gomes, M.P.1    Deitcher, S.R.2
  • 282
    • 77951591865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of venous thromboembolism with drospirenone in combined oral contraceptive products
    • Sehovic N, Smith KP 2010 Risk of venous thromboembolism with drospirenone in combined oral contraceptive products. Ann Pharmacother 44:898-903
    • (2010) Ann Pharmacother , vol.44 , pp. 898-903
    • Sehovic, N.1    Smith, K.P.2
  • 283
    • 79955549397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of oral contraceptives containing drospirenone or levonorgestrel: nested casecontrol study based on UK General Practice Research Database
    • Parkin L, Sharples K, Hernandez RK, Jick SS 2011 Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of oral contraceptives containing drospirenone or levonorgestrel: nested casecontrol study based on UK General Practice Research Database. BMJ 342:d2139
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.342
    • Parkin, L.1    Sharples, K.2    Hernandez, R.K.3    Jick, S.S.4
  • 284
    • 79955545923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of non-fatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives containing drospirenone compared withwomenusing oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel: case-control study using United States claims data
    • Jick SS, Hernandez RK 2011 Risk of non-fatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives containing drospirenone compared withwomenusing oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel: case-control study using United States claims data. BMJ 342:d2151
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.342
    • Jick, S.S.1    Hernandez, R.K.2
  • 285
    • 83655195179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2011 Risk of venous thromboembolism from use of oral contraceptives containing different progestogens and oestrogen doses: Danish cohort study 2001-9
    • Lidegaard Ø, Nielsen LH, Skovlund CW, Skjeldestad FE, Løkkegaard E 2011 2011 Risk of venous thromboembolism from use of oral contraceptives containing different progestogens and oestrogen doses: Danish cohort study, 2001-9. BMJ 343:d6423
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.343
    • Lidegaard, Ø.1    Nielsen, L.H.2    Skovlund, C.W.3    Skjeldestad, F.E.4    Løkkegaard, E.5
  • 286
    • 44249092777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone biosynthesis and action in the developing neuron
    • Tsutsui K 2008 Progesterone biosynthesis and action in the developing neuron. Endocrinology 149:2757-2761
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , pp. 2757-2761
    • Tsutsui, K.1
  • 287
    • 34948892179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progestins and neuroprotection: are all progestins created equal?
    • Singh M 2007 Progestins and neuroprotection: are all progestins created equal? Minerva Endocrinol 32:95-102
    • (2007) Minerva Endocrinol , vol.32 , pp. 95-102
    • Singh, M.1
  • 289
    • 43249131666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved outcomes from the administration of progesterone for patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial
    • Xiao G, Wei J, Yan W, Wang W, Lu Z 2008 Improved outcomes from the administration of progesterone for patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care 12:R61
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12
    • Xiao, G.1    Wei, J.2    Yan, W.3    Wang, W.4    Lu, Z.5
  • 290
    • 65649146102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous progesterone: a potential therapeutic candidate in CNS injury and neurodegeneration
    • Hu Z, Li Y, Fang M, Wai MS, Yew DT 2009 Exogenous progesterone: a potential therapeutic candidate in CNS injury and neurodegeneration. Curr Med Chem 16:1418-1425
    • (2009) Curr Med Chem , vol.16 , pp. 1418-1425
    • Hu, Z.1    Li, Y.2    Fang, M.3    Wai, M.S.4    Yew, D.T.5
  • 291
    • 77953446657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone in the clinical treatment of acute traumatic brain injury
    • Stein DG, Wright DW 2010 Progesterone in the clinical treatment of acute traumatic brain injury. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 19:847-857
    • (2010) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.19 , pp. 847-857
    • Stein, D.G.1    Wright, D.W.2
  • 292
    • 55849105909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone and progestins: neuroprotection and myelin repair
    • [Erratum (2009) 9 227]
    • Schumacher M, Sitruk-Ware R, De Nicola AF 2008 Progesterone and progestins: neuroprotection and myelin repair. Curr Opin Pharmacol [Erratum (2009) 9:227] 8:740-746
    • (2008) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.8 , pp. 740-746
    • Schumacher, M.1    Sitruk-Ware, R.2    De Nicola, A.F.3
  • 293
    • 33747099290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced metabolites mediate neuroprotective effects of progesterone in the adult rat hippocampus The synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) is not neuroprotective
    • Ciriza I, Carrero P, Frye CA, Garcia-Segura LM 2006 Reduced metabolites mediate neuroprotective effects of progesterone in the adult rat hippocampus. The synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) is not neuroprotective. J Neurobiol 66:916-928
    • (2006) J Neurobiol , vol.66 , pp. 916-928
    • Ciriza, I.1    Carrero, P.2    Frye, C.A.3    Garcia-Segura, L.M.4
  • 294
    • 33746211291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone-induced neuroprotection
    • Singh M 2006 Progesterone-induced neuroprotection. Endocrine 29:271-274
    • (2006) Endocrine , vol.29 , pp. 271-274
    • Singh, M.1
  • 295
    • 0036141071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of progestins on estrogeninduced neuroprotection: synergy by progesterone and 19-norprogesterone and antagonism by medroxyprogesterone acetate
    • Nilsen J, Brinton RD 2002 Impact of progestins on estrogeninduced neuroprotection: synergy by progesterone and 19-norprogesterone and antagonism by medroxyprogesterone acetate. Endocrinology 143:205-212
    • (2002) Endocrinology , vol.143 , pp. 205-212
    • Nilsen, J.1    Brinton, R.D.2
  • 296
    • 0042337371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent impact of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) on nuclear mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling
    • Nilsen J, Brinton RD 2003 Divergent impact of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) on nuclear mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:10506-10511
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 10506-10511
    • Nilsen, J.1    Brinton, R.D.2
  • 297
    • 33746837659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medroxyprogesterone acetate exacerbates glutamate excitotoxicity
    • Nilsen J, Morales A, Brinton RD 2006 Medroxyprogesterone acetate exacerbates glutamate excitotoxicity. Gynecol Endocrinol 22:355-361
    • (2006) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.22 , pp. 355-361
    • Nilsen, J.1    Morales, A.2    Brinton, R.D.3
  • 298
    • 39049104214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on cerebral oedema and spatial learning performance after traumatic brain injury in rats
    • Wright DW, Hoffman SW, Virmani S, Stein DG 2008 Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on cerebral oedema and spatial learning performance after traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Inj 22:107-113
    • (2008) Brain Inj , vol.22 , pp. 107-113
    • Wright, D.W.1    Hoffman, S.W.2    Virmani, S.3    Stein, D.G.4
  • 301
    • 0003453028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic Evidence Reviews No. 12. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Nelson HD 2002 Hormone replacement therapy and osteoporosis. Systematic Evidence Reviews No. 12. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book_es12
    • (2002) Hormone replacement therapy and osteoporosis
    • Nelson, H.D.1
  • 302
    • 0043124683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of specific post-menopausal hormone therapies on bone mineral density in post-menopausal women: a meta-analysis
    • Dören M, Nilsson JA, Johnell O 2003 Effects of specific post-menopausal hormone therapies on bone mineral density in post-menopausal women: a meta-analysis.HumReprod 18:1737-1746
    • (2003) HumReprod , vol.18 , pp. 1737-1746
    • Dören, M.1    Nilsson, J.A.2    Johnell, O.3
  • 303
  • 304
    • 0025905957 scopus 로고
    • Effect of progestin therapy on cortical and trabecular bone: comparison with estrogen
    • Gallagher JC, Kable WT, Goldgar D 1991 Effect of progestin therapy on cortical and trabecular bone: comparison with estrogen. Am J Med 90:171-178
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.90 , pp. 171-178
    • Gallagher, J.C.1    Kable, W.T.2    Goldgar, D.3
  • 305
    • 0028229114 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic medroxyprogesterone treatment increases bone density: a controlled trial in active women with menstrual cycle disturbances
    • Prior JC, Vigna YM, Barr SI, Rexworthy C, Lentle BC 1994 Cyclic medroxyprogesterone treatment increases bone density: a controlled trial in active women with menstrual cycle disturbances. Am J Med 96:521-530
    • (1994) Am J Med , vol.96 , pp. 521-530
    • Prior, J.C.1    Vigna, Y.M.2    Barr, S.I.3    Rexworthy, C.4    Lentle, B.C.5
  • 306
    • 33646100748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsuccessful attempt to demonstrate progesterone's bone formation actions
    • author reply 1503-1504
    • Prior JC, Tremollieres F, Forsmo S, Seifert-Klauss V 2006 Unsuccessful attempt to demonstrate progesterone's bone formation actions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 194:1502-1503; author reply 1503-1504
    • (2006) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.194 , pp. 1502-1503
    • Prior, J.C.1    Tremollieres, F.2    Forsmo, S.3    Seifert-Klauss, V.4
  • 307
    • 0036736743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access of reproductive steroids to target tissues
    • Hammond GL 2002 Access of reproductive steroids to target tissues. Obstet Gynecol Clin NorthAm29:411-423
    • (2002) Obstet Gynecol Clin NorthAm , vol.29 , pp. 411-423
    • Hammond, G.L.1
  • 308
    • 34247152428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routes of delivery for progesterone and progestogens
    • Sitruk-Ware R 2007 Routes of delivery for progesterone and progestogens. Maturitas 57:77-80
    • (2007) Maturitas , vol.57 , pp. 77-80
    • Sitruk-Ware, R.1
  • 309
    • 27744488740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of different progestogens: the special case of drospirenone
    • Sitruk-Ware R 2005 Pharmacology of different progestogens: the special case of drospirenone. Climacteric 8(Suppl 3):4-12
    • (2005) Climacteric , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 4-12
    • Sitruk-Ware, R.1
  • 310
    • 32044459912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contraception: an international perspective
    • Sitruk-Ware R 2006 Contraception: an international perspective. Contraception 73:215-222
    • (2006) Contraception , vol.73 , pp. 215-222
    • Sitruk-Ware, R.1
  • 311
    • 78650200109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of membrane progesterone receptors (mPR/PAQR) in ovarian cancer cells: implications for progesterone-induced signaling events
    • Charles NJ, Thomas P, Lange CA 2010 Expression of membrane progesterone receptors (mPR/PAQR) in ovarian cancer cells: implications for progesterone-induced signaling events. Horm Cancer 1:167-176
    • (2010) Horm Cancer , vol.1 , pp. 167-176
    • Charles, N.J.1    Thomas, P.2    Lange, C.A.3
  • 312
    • 0037192501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants for the tissue specificity of SERMs
    • Shang Y, Brown M 2002 Molecular determinants for the tissue specificity of SERMs. Science 295:2465-2468
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 2465-2468
    • Shang, Y.1    Brown, M.2
  • 313
    • 0021828824 scopus 로고
    • The behavior of endometrial hyperplasia A long-term study of "untreated" hyperplasia in 170 patients
    • Kurman RJ, Kaminski PF, Norris HJ 1985 The behavior of endometrial hyperplasia. A long-term study of "untreated" hyperplasia in 170 patients. Cancer 56:403-412
    • (1985) Cancer , vol.56 , pp. 403-412
    • Kurman, R.J.1    Kaminski, P.F.2    Norris, H.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.