Coinhibitory molecules in cancer biology and therapy

Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 147-161

  Mocellin, Simone ^a   Benna, Clara ^a   Pilati, Pierluigi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cancer; Coinhibitory molecule; Immune escape; Immune suppression; Immunotherapy; Therapy; Tumor immunology

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; BICALUTAMIDE; CANCER VACCINE; CARBOPLATIN; CELL PROTEIN; CISPLATIN; COINHIBITORY MOLECULE; CP 870893; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4 ANTIBODY; DACARBAZINE; ETOPOSIDE; EVEROLIMUS; FOTEMUSTINE; GEMCITABINE; INTERLEUKIN 21; IPILIMUMAB; MPDL 3280A; NIVOLUMAB; PACLITAXEL; PIDILIZUMAB; PLACEBO; PROGRAMMED DEATH 1 RECEPTOR; RECOMBINANT ALPHA INTERFERON; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 2; SAMALIZUMAB; TICILIMUMAB; TUMOR ANTIGEN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VEMURAFENIB;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ADVANCED CANCER; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; B CELL LEUKEMIA; BIOLOGY; CANCER BIOLOGY; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER IMMUNIZATION; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RESEARCH; CANCER SURVIVAL; CANCER THERAPY; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINT; CELL LOSS; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLONAL ANERGY; CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; CYTOKINE RELEASE; CYTOLOGY; DNA IMMUNIZATION; DRUG POTENTIATION; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOREGULATION; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE; IN VIVO STUDY; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; KIDNEY METASTASIS; LUNG CANCER; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MELANOMA; MESOTHELIOMA; METASTASIS POTENTIAL; METASTATIC MELANOMA; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; MONOTHERAPY; NONHUMAN; PANCREAS CANCER; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN TARGETING; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOLID TUMOR; STOMACH CANCER; T LYMPHOCYTE; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TISSUE INJURY; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, SURFACE; CTLA-4 ANTIGEN; HUMANS; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; NEOPLASMS; PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 1 RECEPTOR; RECEPTORS, CELL SURFACE; RECEPTORS, IMMUNOLOGIC; V-SET DOMAIN-CONTAINING T-CELL ACTIVATION INHIBITOR 1;

EID: 84875276926     PISSN: 13596101     EISSN: 18790305     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.01.003     Document Type: Review

References (220)

1. Dunn G.P., Old L.J., Schreiber R.D. The three Es of cancer immunoediting. Annual Review of Immunology 2004, 22:329-360.
2. Vesely M.D., Kershaw M.H., Schreiber R.D., Smyth M.J. Natural innate and adaptive immunity to cancer. Annual Review of Immunology 2011, 29:235-271.
3. Choudhury A., Mosolits S., Kokhaei P., Hansson L., Palma M., Mellstedt H. Clinical results of vaccine therapy for cancer: learning from history for improving the future. Advances in Cancer Research 2006, 95:147-202.
4. Mocellin S., Mandruzzato S., Bronte V., Lise M., Nitti D. Vaccines for solid tumours. Part I. Lancet Oncology 2004, 5:681-689.
5. Zitvogel L., Tesniere A., Kroemer G. Cancer despite immunosurveillance: immunoselection and immunosubversion. Nature Reviews Immunology 2006, 6:715-727.
6. Marincola F.M., Wang E., Herlyn M., Seliger B., Ferrone S. Tumors as elusive targets of T-cell-based active immunotherapy. Trends in Immunology 2003, 24:335-342.
7. Rabinovich G.A., Gabrilovich D., Sotomayor E.M. Immunosuppressive strategies that are mediated by tumor cells. Annual Review of Immunology 2007, 25:267-296.
8. Poschke I., Mougiakakos D., Kiessling R. Camouflage and sabotage: tumor escape from the immune system. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 2011, 60:1161-1171.
9. Zou W. Immunosuppressive networks in the tumour environment and their therapeutic relevance. Nature Reviews Cancer 2005, 5:263-274.
10. Mocellin S., Nitti D. Therapeutics targeting tumor immune escape: towards the development of new generation anticancer vaccines. Medicinal Research Reviews 2008, 28:413-444.
11. Carreno B.M., Collins M. The B7 family of ligands and its receptors: new pathways for costimulation and inhibition of immune responses. Annual Review of Immunology 2002, 20:29-53.
12. Schwartz R.H. T cell anergy. Annual Review of Immunology 2003, 21:305-334.
13. Chen L. Co-inhibitory molecules of the B7-CD28 family in the control of T-cell immunity. Nature Reviews Immunology 2004, 4:336-347.
14. Butte M.J., Keir M.E., Phamduy T.B., Sharpe A.H., Freeman G.J. Programmed death-1 ligand 1 interacts specifically with the B7-1 costimulatory molecule to inhibit T cell responses. Immunity 2007, 27:111-122.
15. Guermonprez P., Valladeau J., Zitvogel L., Thery C., Amigorena S. Antigen presentation and T cell stimulation by dendritic cells. Annual Review of Immunology 2002, 20:621-667.
16. Steinman R.M., Hawiger D., Nussenzweig M.C. Tolerogenic dendritic cells. Annual Review of Immunology 2003, 21:685-711.
17. Colonna M., Trinchieri G., Liu Y.J. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in immunity. Nature Immunology 2004, 5:1219-1226.
18. Yang L., Carbone D.P. Tumor-host immune interactions and dendritic cell dysfunction. Advances in Cancer Research 2004, 92:13-27.
19. Gabrilovich D. Mechanisms and functional significance of tumour-induced dendritic-cell defects. Nature Reviews Immunology 2004, 4:941-952.
20. Zou W., Machelon V., Coulomb-L'Hermin A., Borvak J., Nome F., Isaeva T., et al. Stromal-derived factor-1 in human tumors recruits and alters the function of plasmacytoid precursor dendritic cells. Nature Medicine 2001, 7:1339-1346.
21. Sakaguchi S. Naturally arising CD4+ regulatory t cells for immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses. Annual Review of Immunology 2004, 22:531-562.
22. Linehan D.C., Goedegebuure P.S. CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T-cells in cancer. Immunologic Research 2005, 32:155-168.
23. Curiel T.J., Coukos G., Zou L., Alvarez X., Cheng P., Mottram P., et al. Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival. Nature Medicine 2004, 10:942-949.
24. Roncarolo M.G., Levings M.K., Traversari C. Differentiation of T regulatory cells by immature dendritic cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2001, 193:F5-F9.
25. Pardoll D.M. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nature Reviews Cancer 2012, 12:252-264.
26. Weber J. Immune checkpoint proteins: a new therapeutic paradigm for cancer - preclinical background: CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade. Seminars in Oncology 2010, 37:430-439.
27. Norde W.J., Hobo W., van der Voort R., Dolstra H. Coinhibitory molecules in hematologic malignancies: targets for therapeutic intervention. Blood 2012, 120:728-736.
28. Brunet J.F., Denizot F., Luciani M.F., Roux-Dosseto M., Suzan M., Mattei M.G., et al. A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily - CTLA-4. Nature 1987, 328:267-270.
29. Walunas T.L., Lenschow D.J., Bakker C.Y., Linsley P.S., Freeman G.J., Green J.M., et al. CTLA-4 can function as a negative regulator of T cell activation. Immunity 1994, 1:405-413.
30. Waterhouse P., Penninger J.M., Timms E., Wakeham A., Shahinian A., Lee K.P., et al. Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4. Science 1995, 270:985-988.
31. Ueda H., Howson J.M., Esposito L., Heward J., Snook H., Chamberlain G., et al. Association of the T-cell regulatory gene CTLA4 with susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Nature 2003, 423:506-511.
32. Mandelbrot D.A., McAdam A.J., Sharpe A.H. B7-1 or B7-2 is required to produce the lymphoproliferative phenotype in mice lacking cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Journal of Experimental Medicine 1999, 189:435-440.
33. Chambers C.A., Kuhns M.S., Egen J.G., Allison J.P. CTLA-4-mediated inhibition in regulation of T cell responses: mechanisms and manipulation in tumor immunotherapy. Annual Review of Immunology 2001, 19:565-594.
34. Fallarino F., Grohmann U., Hwang K.W., Orabona C., Vacca C., Bianchi R., et al. Modulation of tryptophan catabolism by regulatory T cells. Nature Immunology 2003, 4:1206-1212.
35. Shevach E.M. Mechanisms of foxp3+ T regulatory cell-mediated suppression. Immunity 2009, 30:636-645.
36. Takahashi T., Tagami T., Yamazaki S., Uede T., Shimizu J., Sakaguchi N., et al. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells constitutively expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2000, 192:303-310.
37. Wing K., Onishi Y., Prieto-Martin P., Yamaguchi T., Miyara M., Fehervari Z., et al. CTLA-4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function. Science 2008, 322:271-275.
38. Vasu C., Prabhakar B.S., Holterman M.J. Targeted CTLA-4 engagement induces CD4+CD25+CTLA-4high T regulatory cells with target (allo)antigen specificity. Journal of Immunology 2004, 173:2866-2876.
39. Peggs K.S., Quezada S.A., Korman A.J., Allison J.P. Principles and use of anti-CTLA4 antibody in human cancer immunotherapy. Current Opinion in Immunology 2006, 18:206-213.
40. Wolchok J.D., Saenger Y. The mechanism of anti-CTLA-4 activity and the negative regulation of T-cell activation. Oncologist 2008, 13(Suppl 4):2-9.
41. Leach D.R., Krummel M.F., Allison J.P. Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade. Science 1996, 271:1734-1736.
42. Yang Y.F., Zou J.P., Mu J., Wijesuriya R., Ono S., Walunas T., et al. Enhanced induction of antitumor T-cell responses by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 blockade: the effect is manifested only at the restricted tumor-bearing stages. Cancer Research 1997, 57:4036-4041.
43. Hurwitz A.A., Yu T.F., Leach D.R., Allison J.P. CTLA-4 blockade synergizes with tumor-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for treatment of an experimental mammary carcinoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998, 95:10067-10071.
44. Kwon E.D., Hurwitz A.A., Foster B.A., Madias C., Feldhaus A.L., Greenberg N.M., et al. Manipulation of T cell costimulatory and inhibitory signals for immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997, 94:8099-8103.
45. Van Ginderachter J.A., Liu Y., Geldhof A.B., Brijs L., Thielemans K., De Baetselier P., et al. B7-1, IFN gamma and anti-CTLA-4 co-operate to prevent T-cell tolerization during immunotherapy against a murine T-lymphoma. International Journal of Cancer 2000, 87:539-547.
46. Hodi F.S. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4. Clinical Cancer Research 2007, 13:5238-5242.
47. van Elsas A., Hurwitz A.A., Allison J.P. Combination immunotherapy of B16 melanoma using anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing vaccines induces rejection of subcutaneous and metastatic tumors accompanied by autoimmune depigmentation. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1999, 190:355-366.
48. Hurwitz A.A., Foster B.A., Kwon E.D., Truong T., Choi E.M., Greenberg N.M., et al. Combination immunotherapy of primary prostate cancer in a transgenic mouse model using CTLA-4 blockade. Cancer Research 2000, 60:2444-2448.
49. Gregor P.D., Wolchok J.D., Ferrone C.R., Buchinshky H., Guevara-Patino J.A., Perales M.A., et al. CTLA-4 blockade in combination with xenogeneic DNA vaccines enhances T-cell responses, tumor immunity and autoimmunity to self antigens in animal and cellular model systems. Vaccine 2004, 22:1700-1708.
50. van Elsas A., Sutmuller R.P., Hurwitz A.A., Ziskin J., Villasenor J., Medema J.P., et al. Elucidating the autoimmune and antitumor effector mechanisms of a treatment based on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 blockade in combination with a B16 melanoma vaccine: comparison of prophylaxis and therapy. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2001, 194:481-489.
51. Ribas A. Clinical development of the anti-CTLA-4 antibody tremelimumab. Seminars in Oncology 2010, 37:450-454.
52. Boasberg P., Hamid O., O'Day S. Ipilimumab: unleashing the power of the immune system through CTLA-4 blockade. Seminars in Oncology 2010, 37:440-449.
53. Ribas A., Comin-Anduix B., Economou J.S., Donahue T.R., de la Rocha P., Morris L.F., et al. Intratumoral immune cell infiltrates, FoxP3, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in patients with melanoma undergoing CTLA4 blockade. Clinical Cancer Research 2009, 15:390-399.
54. Huang R.R., Jalil J., Economou J.S., Chmielowski B., Koya R.C., Mok S., et al. CTLA4 blockade induces frequent tumor infiltration by activated lymphocytes regardless of clinical responses in humans. Clinical Cancer Research 2011, 17:4101-4109.
55. Phan G.Q., Yang J.C., Sherry R.M., Hwu P., Topalian S.L., Schwartzentruber D.J., et al. Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003, 100:8372-8377.
56. Sanderson K., Scotland R., Lee P., Liu D., Groshen S., Snively J., et al. Autoimmunity in a phase I trial of a fully human anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 monoclonal antibody with multiple melanoma peptides and Montanide ISA 51 for patients with resected stages III and IV melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005, 23:741-750.
57. Maker A.V., Phan G.Q., Attia P., Yang J.C., Sherry R.M., Topalian S.L., et al. Tumor regression and autoimmunity in patients treated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade and interleukin 2: a phase I/II study. Annals of Surgical Oncology 2005, 12:1005-1016.
58. Yuan J., Adamow M., Ginsberg B.A., Rasalan T.S., Ritter E., Gallardo H.F., et al. Integrated NY-ESO-1 antibody and CD8+ T-cell responses correlate with clinical benefit in advanced melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011, 108:16723-16728.
59. Hutloff A., Dittrich A.M., Beier K.C., Eljaschewitsch B., Kraft R., Anagnostopoulos I., et al. ICOS is an inducible T-cell co-stimulator structurally and functionally related to CD28. Nature 1999, 397:263-266.
60. Liakou C.I., Kamat A., Tang D.N., Chen H., Sun J., Troncoso P., et al. CTLA-4 blockade increases IFNgamma-producing CD4+ICOShi cells to shift the ratio of effector to regulatory T cells in cancer patients. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008, 105:14987-14992.
61. Kirkwood J.M., Lorigan P., Hersey P., Hauschild A., Robert C., McDermott D., et al. Phase II trial of tremelimumab (CP-675,206) in patients with advanced refractory or relapsed melanoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2010, 16:1042-1048.
62. Camacho L.H., Antonia S., Sosman J., Kirkwood J.M., Gajewski T.F., Redman B., et al. Phase I/II trial of tremelimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009, 27:1075-1081.
63. Ribas A., Comin-Anduix B., Chmielowski B., Jalil J., de la Rocha P., McCannel T.A., et al. Dendritic cell vaccination combined with CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2009, 15:6267-6276.
64. Ribas A., Hauschild A., Kefford R.F., Punt C., Haanen J., Marmol M., et al. Phase III, open-label, randomized, comparative study of tremelimumab (CP-675,206) and chemotherapy (temozolomide [TMZ] or dacarbazine [DTIC]) in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2008, (May (20 suppl.)):26. [abstr LBA9011].
65. Tarhini A.A., Cherian J., Moschos S.J., Tawbi H.A., Shuai Y., Gooding W.E., et al. Safety and efficacy of combination immunotherapy with interferon alfa-2b and tremelimumab in patients with stage IV melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012, 30:322-328.
66. McNeel D.G., Smith H.A., Eickhoff J.C., Lang J.M., Staab M.J., Wilding G., et al. Phase I trial of tremelimumab in combination with short-term androgen deprivation in patients with PSA-recurrent prostate cancer. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 2012, 61:1137-1147.
67. Genova C., Rijavec E., Barletta G., Sini C., Dal Bello M.G., Truini M., et al. Ipilimumab (MDX-010) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2012, 12:939-948.
68. Hodi F.S., O'Day S.J., McDermott D.F., Weber R.W., Sosman J.A., Haanen J.B., et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2010, 363:711-723.
69. Eigentler T.K., Caroli U.M., Radny P., Garbe C. Palliative therapy of disseminated malignant melanoma: a systematic review of 41 randomised clinical trials. Lancet Oncology 2003, 4:748-759.
70. Robert C., Thomas L., Bondarenko I., O'Day S.M.D.J., Garbe C., et al. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2011, 364:2517-2526.
71. Chapman P.B., Hauschild A., Robert C., Haanen J.B., Ascierto P., Larkin J., et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. New England Journal of Medicine 2011, 364:2507-2516.
72. Bhatia S., Thompson J.A. Systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma in 2012: dawn of a new era. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2012, 10:403-412.
73. Sharma P., Wagner K., Wolchok J.D., Allison J.P. Novel cancer immunotherapy agents with survival benefit: recent successes and next steps. Nature Reviews Cancer 2011, 11:805-812.
74. Eggermont A.M., Robert C. New drugs in melanoma: it is a whole new world. European Journal of Cancer 2011, 47:2150-2157.
75. Sondak V.K., Flaherty L.E. Targeted therapies: improved outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 2011, 8:513-515.
76. Lesterhuis W.J., Haanen J.B., Punt C.J. Cancer immunotherapy - revisited. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2011, 10:591-600.
77. Mellman I., Coukos G., Dranoff G. Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. Nature 2011, 480:480-489.
78. Lipson E.J., Drake C.G. Ipilimumab: an anti-CTLA-4 antibody for metastatic melanoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2011, 17:6958-6962.
79. Calabro L., Danielli R., Sigalotti L., Maio M. Clinical studies with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in non-melanoma indications. Seminars in Oncology 2010, 37:460-467.
80. Lynch T.J., Bondarenko I., Luft A., Serwatowski P., Barlesi F., Chacko R., et al. Ipilimumab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line treatment in stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase II study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012, 30:2046-2054.
81. Madan R.A., Mohebtash M., Arlen P.M., Vergati M., Rauckhorst M., Steinberg S.M., et al. Ipilimumab and a poxviral vaccine targeting prostate-specific antigen in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet Oncology 2012, 13:501-508.
82. Di Giacomo A.M., Biagioli M., Maio M. The emerging toxicity profiles of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies across clinical indications. Seminars in Oncology 2010, 37:499-507.
83. Weber J.S., Kahler K.C., Hauschild A. Management of immune-related adverse events and kinetics of response with ipilimumab. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012, 30:2691-2697.
84. Keir M.E., Butte M.J., Freeman G.J., Sharpe A.H. PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity. Annual Review of Immunology 2008, 26:677-704.
85. Chemnitz J.M., Parry R.V., Nichols K.E., June C.H., Riley J.L. SHP-1 and SHP-2 associate with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif of programmed death 1 upon primary human T cell stimulation, but only receptor ligation prevents T cell activation. Journal of Immunology 2004, 173:945-954.
86. Greenwald R.J., Freeman G.J., Sharpe A.H. The B7 family revisited. Annual Review of Immunology 2005, 23:515-548.
87. Francisco L.M., Sage P.T., Sharpe A.H. The PD-1 pathway in tolerance and autoimmunity. Immunological Reviews 2010, 236:219-242.
88. Nishimura H., Okazaki T., Tanaka Y., Nakatani K., Hara M., Matsumori A., et al. Autoimmune dilated cardiomyopathy in PD-1 receptor-deficient mice. Science 2001, 291:319-322.
89. Probst H.C., McCoy K., Okazaki T., Honjo T., van den Broek M. Resting dendritic cells induce peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance through PD-1 and CTLA-4. Nature Immunology 2005, 6:280-286.
90. Barber D.L., Wherry E.J., Masopust D., Zhu B., Allison J.P., Sharpe A.H., et al. Restoring function in exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection. Nature 2006, 439:682-687.
91. Topalian S.L., Drake C.G., Pardoll D.M. Targeting the PD-1/B7-H1(PD-L1) pathway to activate anti-tumor immunity. Current Opinion in Immunology 2012, 24:207-212.
92. Subudhi S.K., Zhou P., Yerian L.M., Chin R.K., Lo J.C., Anders R.A., et al. Local expression of B7-H1 promotes organ-specific autoimmunity and transplant rejection. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2004, 113:694-700.
93. Zou W., Chen L. Inhibitory B7-family molecules in the tumour microenvironment. Nature Reviews Immunology 2008, 8:467-477.
94. Seliger B., Marincola F.M., Ferrone S., Abken H. The complex role of B7 molecules in tumor immunology. Trends in Molecular Medicine 2008, 14:550-559.
95. Iwai Y., Ishida M., Tanaka Y., Okazaki T., Honjo T., Minato N. Involvement of PD-L1 on tumor cells in the escape from host immune system and tumor immunotherapy by PD-L1 blockade. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002, 99:12293-12297.
96. Strome S.E., Dong H., Tamura H., Voss S.G., Flies D.B., Tamada K., et al. B7-H1 blockade augments adoptive T-cell immunotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Research 2003, 63:6501-6505.
97. Hirano F., Kaneko K., Tamura H., Dong H., Wang S., Ichikawa M., et al. Blockade of B7-H1 and PD-1 by monoclonal antibodies potentiates cancer therapeutic immunity. Cancer Research 2005, 65:1089-1096.
98. Nomi T., Sho M., Akahori T., Hamada K., Kubo A., Kanehiro H., et al. Clinical significance and therapeutic potential of the programmed death-1 ligand/programmed death-1 pathway in human pancreatic cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 2007, 13:2151-2157.
99. Peng W., Liu C., Xu C., Lou Y., Chen J., Yang Y., et al. PD-1 blockade enhances T-cell migration to tumors by elevating IFN-gamma inducible chemokines. Cancer Research 2012.
100. Iwai Y., Terawaki S., Honjo T. PD-1 blockade inhibits hematogenous spread of poorly immunogenic tumor cells by enhanced recruitment of effector T cells. International Immunology 2005, 17:133-144.
101. Fourcade J., Kudela P., Sun Z., Shen H., Land S.R., Lenzner D., et al. PD-1 is a regulator of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cell expansion in melanoma patients. Journal of Immunology 2009, 182:5240-5249.
102. Fourcade J., Sun Z., Benallaoua M., Guillaume P., Luescher I.F., Sander C., et al. Upregulation of Tim-3 and PD-1 expression is associated with tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell dysfunction in melanoma patients. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2010, 207:2175-2186.
103. Rosenblatt J., Glotzbecker B., Mills H., Vasir B., Tzachanis D., Levine J.D., et al. PD-1 blockade by CT-011, anti-PD-1 antibody, enhances ex vivo T-cell responses to autologous dendritic cell/myeloma fusion vaccine. Journal of Immunotherapy 2011, 34:409-418.
104. Wong R.M., Scotland R.R., Lau R.L., Wang C., Korman A.J., Kast W.M., et al. Programmed death-1 blockade enhances expansion and functional capacity of human melanoma antigen-specific CTLs. International Immunology 2007, 19:1223-1234.
105. Curiel T.J., Wei S., Dong H., Alvarez X., Cheng P., Mottram P., et al. Blockade of B7-H1 improves myeloid dendritic cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Nature Medicine 2003, 9:562-567.
106. Sharma M.D., Baban B., Chandler P., Hou D.Y., Singh N., Yagita H., et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells from mouse tumor-draining lymph nodes directly activate mature Tregs via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007, 117:2570-2582.
107. Shi F., Shi M., Zeng Z., Qi R.Z., Liu Z.W., Zhang J.Y., et al. PD-1 and PD-L1 upregulation promotes CD8(+) T-cell apoptosis and postoperative recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. International Journal of Cancer 2011, 128:887-896.
108. Hino R., Kabashima K., Kato Y., Yagi H., Nakamura M., Honjo T., et al. Tumor cell expression of programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 is a prognostic factor for malignant melanoma. Cancer 2010, 116:1757-1766.
109. Gao Q., Wang X.Y., Qiu S.J., Yamato I., Sho M., Nakajima Y., et al. Overexpression of PD-L1 significantly associates with tumor aggressiveness and postoperative recurrence in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2009, 15:971-979.
110. Thompson R.H., Gillett M.D., Cheville J.C., Lohse C.M., Dong H., Webster W.S., et al. Costimulatory B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma patients: indicator of tumor aggressiveness and potential therapeutic target. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004, 101:17174-17179.
111. Richendollar B.G., Pohlman B., Elson P., Hsi E.D. Follicular programmed death 1-positive lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment are an independent prognostic factor in follicular lymphoma. Human Pathology 2011, 42:552-557.
112. Hsu M.C., Hsiao J.R., Chang K.C., Wu Y.H., Su I.J., Jin Y.T., et al. Increase of programmed death-1-expressing intratumoral CD8 T cells predicts a poor prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Modern Pathology 2010, 23:1393-1403.
113. Kline J., Gajewski T.F. Clinical development of mAbs to block the PD1 pathway as an immunotherapy for cancer. Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs 2010, 11:1354-1359.
114. Brahmer J.R., Tykodi S.S., Chow L.Q., Hwu W.J., Topalian S.L., Hwu P., et al. Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 2012, 366:2455-2465.
115. Topalian S.L., Hodi F.S., Brahmer J.R., Gettinger S.N., Smith D.C., McDermott D.F., et al. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 2012, 366:2443-2454.
116. Watanabe N., Gavrieli M., Sedy J.R., Yang J., Fallarino F., Loftin S.K., et al. BTLA is a lymphocyte inhibitory receptor with similarities to CTLA-4 and PD-1. Nature Immunology 2003, 4:670-679.
117. Murphy T.L., Murphy K.M. Slow down and survive: enigmatic immunoregulation by BTLA and HVEM. Annual Review of Immunology 2010, 28:389-411.
118. Steinberg M.W., Cheung T.C., Ware C.F. The signaling networks of the herpesvirus entry mediator (TNFRSF14) in immune regulation. Immunological Reviews 2011, 244:169-187.
119. Sedy J.R., Gavrieli M., Potter K.G., Hurchla M.A., Lindsley R.C., Hildner K., et al. B and T lymphocyte attenuator regulates T cell activation through interaction with herpesvirus entry mediator. Nature Immunology 2005, 6:90-98.
120. Cai G., Freeman G.J. The CD160, BTLA, LIGHT/HVEM pathway: a bidirectional switch regulating T-cell activation. Immunological Reviews 2009, 229:244-258.
121. Tao R., Wang L., Murphy K.M., Fraser C.C., Hancock W.W. Regulatory T cell expression of herpesvirus entry mediator suppresses the function of B and T lymphocyte attenuator-positive effector T cells. Journal of Immunology 2008, 180:6649-6655.
122. Hurchla M.A., Sedy J.R., Gavrieli M., Drake C.G., Murphy T.L., Murphy K.M. B and T lymphocyte attenuator exhibits structural and expression polymorphisms and is highly induced in anergic CD4+ T cells. Journal of Immunology 2005, 174:3377-3385.
123. Oya Y., Watanabe N., Owada T., Oki M., Hirose K., Suto A., et al. Development of autoimmune hepatitis-like disease and production of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens in mice lacking B and T lymphocyte attenuator. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2008, 58:2498-2510.
124. Watanabe N., Nakajima H. Coinhibitory molecules in autoimmune diseases. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012, 2012:269756.
125. Inman B.A., Frigola X., Dong H., Kwon E.D. Costimulation, coinhibition and cancer. Current Cancer Drug Targets 2007, 7:15-30.
126. Pasero C., Speiser D.E., Derre L., Olive D., The HVEM network: new directions in targeting novel costimulatory/co-inhibitory molecules for cancer therapy. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2012, 12:478-485.
127. M'Hidi H., Thibult M.L., Chetaille B., Rey F., Bouadallah R., Nicollas R., et al. High expression of the inhibitory receptor BTLA in T-follicular helper cells and in B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 2009, 132:589-596.
128. Baitsch L., Baumgaertner P., Devevre E., Raghav S.K., Legat A., Barba L., et al. Exhaustion of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells in metastases from melanoma patients. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2011, 121:2350-2360.
129. Derre L., Rivals J.P., Jandus C., Pastor S., Rimoldi D., Romero P., et al. BTLA mediates inhibition of human tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that can be partially reversed by vaccination. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2010, 120:157-167.
130. Fourcade J., Sun Z., Pagliano O., Guillaume P., Luescher I.F., Sander C., et al. CD8(+) T cells specific for tumor antigens can be rendered dysfunctional by the tumor microenvironment through upregulation of the inhibitory receptors BTLA and PD-1. Cancer Research 2012, 72:887-896.
131. Lasaro M.O., Sazanovich M., Giles-Davis W., Mrass P., Bunte R.M., Sewell D.A., et al. Active immunotherapy combined with blockade of a coinhibitory pathway achieves regression of large tumor masses in cancer-prone mice. Molecular Therapy 2011, 19:1727-1736.
132. Norde W.J., Maas F., Hobo W., Korman A., Quigley M., Kester M.G., et al. PD-1/PD-L1 interactions contribute to functional T-cell impairment in patients who relapse with cancer after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Cancer Research 2011, 71:5111-5122.
133. Hobo W., Norde W.J., Schaap N., Fredrix H., Maas F., Schellens K., et al. B and T lymphocyte attenuator mediates inhibition of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Journal of Immunology 2012, 189:39-49.
134. Paulos C.M., June C.H. Putting the brakes on BTLA in T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2010, 120:76-80.
135. Sica G.L., Choi I.H., Zhu G., Tamada K., Wang S.D., Tamura H., et al. B7-H4, a molecule of the B7 family, negatively regulates T cell immunity. Immunity 2003, 18:849-861.
136. Choi I.H., Zhu G., Sica G.L., Strome S.E., Cheville J.C., Lau J.S., et al. Genomic organization and expression analysis of B7-H4, an immune inhibitory molecule of the B7 family. Journal of Immunology 2003, 171:4650-4654.
137. Prasad D.V., Richards S., Mai X.M., Dong C. B7S1, a novel B7 family member that negatively regulates T cell activation. Immunity 2003, 18:863-873.
138. Suh W.K., Wang S., Duncan G.S., Miyazaki Y., Cates E., Walker T., et al. Generation and characterization of B7-H4/B7S1/B7x-deficient mice. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2006, 26:6403-6411.
139. Kryczek I., Wei S., Zou L., Zhu G., Mottram P., Xu H., et al. Cutting edge: induction of B7-H4 on APCs through IL-10: novel suppressive mode for regulatory T cells. Journal of Immunology 2006, 177:40-44.
140. Yi K.H., Chen L. Fine tuning the immune response through B7-H3 and B7-H4. Immunological Reviews 2009, 229:145-151.
141. Sadun R.E., Sachsman S.M., Chen X., Christenson K.W., Morris W.Z., Hu P., et al. Immune signatures of murine and human cancers reveal unique mechanisms of tumor escape and new targets for cancer immunotherapy. Clinical Cancer Research 2007, 13:4016-4025.
142. Krambeck A.E., Thompson R.H., Dong H., Lohse C.M., Park E.S., Kuntz S.M., et al. B7-H4 expression in renal cell carcinoma and tumor vasculature: associations with cancer progression and survival. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103:10391-10396.
143. Kryczek I., Zou L., Rodriguez P., Zhu G., Wei S., Mottram P., et al. B7-H4 expression identifies a novel suppressive macrophage population in human ovarian carcinoma. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2006, 203:871-881.
144. Simon I., Zhuo S., Corral L., Diamandis E.P., Sarno M.J., Wolfert R.L., et al. B7-h4 is a novel membrane-bound protein and a candidate serum and tissue biomarker for ovarian cancer. Cancer Research 2006, 66:1570-1575.
145. Kryczek I., Wei S., Zhu G., Myers L., Mottram P., Cheng P., et al. Relationship between B7-H4, regulatory T cells, and patient outcome in human ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Research 2007, 67:8900-8905.
146. Zang X., Thompson R.H., Al-Ahmadie H.A., Serio A.M., Reuter V.E., Eastham J.A., et al. B7-H3 and B7x are highly expressed in human prostate cancer and associated with disease spread and poor outcome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104:19458-19463.
147. Chen L.J., Sun J., Wu H.Y., Zhou S.M., Tan Y., Tan M., et al. B7-H4 expression associates with cancer progression and predicts patient's survival in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 2011, 60:1047-1055.
148. Jiang J., Zhu Y., Wu C., Shen Y., Wei W., Chen L., et al. Tumor expression of B7-H4 predicts poor survival of patients suffering from gastric cancer. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 2010, 59:1707-1714.
149. Quandt D., Fiedler E., Boettcher D., Marsch W., Seliger B. B7-h4 expression in human melanoma: its association with patients' survival and antitumor immune response. Clinical Cancer Research 2011, 17:3100-3111.
150. Salceda S., Tang T., Kmet M., Munteanu A., Ghosh M., Macina R., et al. The immunomodulatory protein B7-H4 is overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancers and promotes epithelial cell transformation. Experimental Cell Research 2005, 306:128-141.
151. Cheng L., Jiang J., Gao R., Wei S., Nan F., Li S., et al. B7-H4 expression promotes tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 2009, 19:1481-1486.
152. Chen C., Qu Q.X., Shen Y., Mu C.Y., Zhu Y.B., Zhang X.G., et al. Induced expression of B7-H4 on the surface of lung cancer cell by the tumor-associated macrophages: a potential mechanism of immune escape. Cancer Letters 2012, 317:99-105.
153. Flies D.B., Chen L. The new B7s: playing a pivotal role in tumor immunity. Journal of Immunotherapy 2007, 30:251-260.
154. He C., Qiao H., Jiang H., Sun X. The inhibitory role of b7-h4 in antitumor immunity: association with cancer progression and survival. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2011, 2011:695834.
155. Rodriguez-Manzanet R., DeKruyff R., Kuchroo V.K., Umetsu D.T. The costimulatory role of TIM molecules. Immunological Reviews 2009, 229:259-270.
156. Freeman G.J., Casasnovas J.M., Umetsu D.T., DeKruyff R.H. TIM genes: a family of cell surface phosphatidylserine receptors that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Immunological Reviews 2010, 235:172-189.
157. Sabatos C.A., Chakravarti S., Cha E., Schubart A., Sanchez-Fueyo A., Zheng X.X., et al. Interaction of Tim-3 and Tim-3 ligand regulates T helper type 1 responses and induction of peripheral tolerance. Nature Immunology 2003, 4:1102-1110.
158. Zhu C., Anderson A.C., Schubart A., Xiong H., Imitola J., Khoury S.J., et al. The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity. Nature Immunology 2005, 6:1245-1252.
159. van de Weyer P.S., Muehlfeit M., Klose C., Bonventre J.V., Walz G., Kuehn E.W. A highly conserved tyrosine of Tim-3 is phosphorylated upon stimulation by its ligand galectin-9. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2006, 351:571-576.
160. Seki M., Oomizu S., Sakata K.M., Sakata A., Arikawa T., Watanabe K., et al. Galectin-9 suppresses the generation of Th17, promotes the induction of regulatory T cells, and regulates experimental autoimmune arthritis. Clinical Immunology 2008, 127:78-88.
161. Hastings W.D., Anderson D.E., Kassam N., Koguchi K., Greenfield E.A., Kent S.C., et al. TIM-3 is expressed on activated human CD4+ T cells and regulates Th1 and Th17 cytokines. European Journal of Immunology 2009, 39:2492-2501.
162. Boenisch O., D'Addio F., Watanabe T., Elyaman W., Magee C.N., Yeung M.Y., et al. TIM-3: a novel regulatory molecule of alloimmune activation. Journal of Immunology 2010, 185:5806-5819.
163. Reynolds J.M., Angkasekwinai P., Dong C. IL-17 family member cytokines: regulation and function in innate immunity. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews 2010, 21:413-423.
164. Murugaiyan G., Saha B. Protumor vs antitumor functions of IL-17. Journal of Immunology 2009, 183:4169-4175.
165. Zhu C., Anderson A.C., Kuchroo V.K. TIM-3 and its regulatory role in immune responses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 2011, 350:1-15.
166. Wang F., Wan L., Zhang C., Zheng X., Li J., Chen Z.K. Tim-3-Galectin-9 pathway involves the suppression induced by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Immunobiology 2009, 214:342-349.
167. Sanchez-Fueyo A., Tian J., Picarella D., Domenig C., Zheng X.X., Sabatos C.A., et al. Tim-3 inhibits T helper type 1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. Nature Immunology 2003, 4:1093-1101.
168. Jones R.B., Ndhlovu L.C., Barbour J.D., Sheth P.M., Jha A.R., Long B.R., et al. Tim-3 expression defines a novel population of dysfunctional T cells with highly elevated frequencies in progressive HIV-1 infection. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2008, 205:2763-2779.
169. Zhou Q., Munger M.E., Veenstra R.G., Weigel B.J., Hirashima M., Munn D.H., et al. Coexpression of Tim-3 and PD-1 identifies a CD8+ T-cell exhaustion phenotype in mice with disseminated acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 2011, 117:4501-4510.
170. Anderson A.C. Tim-3, a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity. Current Opinion in Immunology 2012, 24:213-216.
171. Sakuishi K., Jayaraman P., Behar S.M., Anderson A.C., Kuchroo V.K. Emerging Tim-3 functions in antimicrobial and tumor immunity. Trends in Immunology 2011, 32:345-349.
172. Wiener Z., Kohalmi B., Pocza P., Jeager J., Tolgyesi G., Toth S., et al. TIM-3 is expressed in melanoma cells and is upregulated in TGF-beta stimulated mast cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2007, 127:906-914.
173. Zhuang X., Zhang X., Xia X., Zhang C., Liang X., Gao L., et al. Ectopic expression of TIM-3 in lung cancers: a potential independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 2012, 137:978-985.
174. Sakuishi K., Apetoh L., Sullivan J.M., Blazar B.R., Kuchroo V.K., Anderson A.C. Targeting Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways to reverse T cell exhaustion and restore anti-tumor immunity. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2010, 207:2187-2194.
175. Gao X., Zhu Y., Li G., Huang H., Zhang G., Wang F., et al. TIM-3 expression characterizes regulatory T cells in tumor tissues and is associated with lung cancer progression. PLoS One 2012, 7:e30676.
176. Chiba S., Baghdadi M., Akiba H., Yoshiyama H., Kinoshita I., Dosaka-Akita H., et al. Tumor-infiltrating DCs suppress nucleic acid-mediated innate immune responses through interactions between the receptor TIM-3 and the alarmin HMGB1. Nature Immunology 2012, 13:832-842.
177. Huang X., Bai X., Cao Y., Wu J., Huang M., Tang D., et al. Lymphoma endothelium preferentially expresses Tim-3 and facilitates the progression of lymphoma by mediating immune evasion. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2010, 207:505-520.
178. Yang Z.Z., Grote D.M., Ziesmer S.C., Niki T., Hirashima M., Novak A.J., et al. IL-12 upregulates TIM-3 expression and induces T cell exhaustion in patients with follicular B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2012, 122:1271-1282.
179. Gorczynski R.M. CD200 and its receptors as targets for immunoregulation. Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs 2005, 6:483-488.
180. Minas K., Liversidge J. Is the CD200/CD200 receptor interaction more than just a myeloid cell inhibitory signal?. Critical Reviews in Immunology 2006, 26:213-230.
181. Zhang S., Cherwinski H., Sedgwick J.D., Phillips J.H. Molecular mechanisms of CD200 inhibition of mast cell activation. Journal of Immunology 2004, 173:6786-6793.
182. Hoek R.M., Ruuls S.R., Murphy C.A., Wright G.J., Goddard R., Zurawski S.M., et al. Down-regulation of the macrophage lineage through interaction with OX2 (CD200). Science 2000, 290:1768-1771.
183. Snelgrove R.J., Goulding J., Didierlaurent A.M., Lyonga D., Vekaria S., Edwards L., et al. A critical function for CD200 in lung immune homeostasis and the severity of influenza infection. Nature Immunology 2008, 9:1074-1083.
184. Rygiel T.P., Meyaard L. CD200R signaling in tumor tolerance and inflammation: a tricky balance. Current Opinion in Immunology 2012, 24:233-238.
185. Moreaux J., Veyrune J.L., Reme T., De Vos J., Klein B. CD200: a putative therapeutic target in cancer. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2008, 366:117-122.
186. Alapat D., Coviello-Malle J., Owens R., Qu P., Barlogie B., Shaughnessy J.D., et al. Diagnostic usefulness and prognostic impact of CD200 expression in lymphoid malignancies and plasma cell myeloma. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 2012, 137:93-100.
187. Siva A., Xin H., Qin F., Oltean D., Bowdish K.S., Kretz-Rommel A. Immune modulation by melanoma and ovarian tumor cells through expression of the immunosuppressive molecule CD200. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 2008, 57:987-996.
188. Petermann K.B., Rozenberg G.I., Zedek D., Groben P., McKinnon K., Buehler C., et al. CD200 is induced by ERK and is a potential therapeutic target in melanoma. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007, 117:3922-3929.
189. Tonks A., Hills R., White P., Rosie B., Mills K.I., Burnett A.K., et al. CD200 as a prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 2007, 21:566-568.
190. Moreaux J., Hose D., Reme T., Jourdan E., Hundemer M., Legouffe E., et al. CD200 is a new prognostic factor in multiple myeloma. Blood 2006, 108:4194-4197.
191. Kawasaki B.T., Mistree T., Hurt E.M., Kalathur M., Farrar W.L. Co-expression of the toleragenic glycoprotein, CD200, with markers for cancer stem cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2007, 364:778-782.
192. Kawasaki B.T., Farrar W.L. Cancer stem cells, CD200 and immunoevasion. Trends in Immunology 2008, 29:464-468.
193. Coles S.J., Wang E.C., Man S., Hills R.K., Burnett A.K., Tonks A., et al. CD200 expression suppresses natural killer cell function and directly inhibits patient anti-tumor response in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2011, 25:792-799.
194. McWhirter J.R., Kretz-Rommel A., Saven A., Maruyama T., Potter K.N., Mockridge C.I., et al. Antibodies selected from combinatorial libraries block a tumor antigen that plays a key role in immunomodulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103:1041-1046.
195. Pallasch C.P., Ulbrich S., Brinker R., Hallek M., Uger R.A., Wendtner C.M. Disruption of T cell suppression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by CD200 blockade. Leukemia Research 2009, 33:460-464.
196. Stumpfova M., Ratner D., Desciak E.B., Eliezri Y.D., Owens D.M. The immunosuppressive surface ligand CD200 augments the metastatic capacity of squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Research 2010, 70:2962-2972.
197. Nagaraj S., Gabrilovich D.I. Tumor escape mechanism governed by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Research 2008, 68:2561-2563.
198. Gorczynski R.M., Chen Z., Diao J., Khatri I., Wong K., Yu K., et al. Breast cancer cell CD200 expression regulates immune response to EMT6 tumor cells in mice. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2009, 123:405-415.
199. Gorczynski R.M., Clark D.A., Erin N., Khatri I. Role of CD200 expression in regulation of metastasis of EMT6 tumor cells in mice. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2011, 130:49-60.
200. Rygiel T.P., Karnam G., Goverse G., van der Marel A.P., Greuter M.J., van Schaarenburg R.A., et al. CD200-CD200R signaling suppresses anti-tumor responses independently of CD200 expression on the tumor. Oncogene 2012, 31:2979-2988.
201. Kretz-Rommel A., Qin F., Dakappagari N., Ravey E.P., McWhirter J., Oltean D., et al. CD200 expression on tumor cells suppresses antitumor immunity: new approaches to cancer immunotherapy. Journal of Immunology 2007, 178:5595-5605.
202. Kretz-Rommel A., Qin F., Dakappagari N., Cofiell R., Faas S.J., Bowdish K.S. Blockade of CD200 in the presence or absence of antibody effector function: implications for anti-CD200 therapy. Journal of Immunology 2008, 180:699-705.
203. Podnos A., Clark D.A., Erin N., Yu K., Gorczynski R.M. Further evidence for a role of tumor CD200 expression in breast cancer metastasis: decreased metastasis in CD200R1KO mice or using CD200-silenced EMT6. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2012, 136:117-127.
204. de Visser K.E. Spontaneous immune responses to sporadic tumors: tumor-promoting, tumor-protective or both?. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 2008, 57:1531-1539.
205. Colombo M.P., Mantovani A. Targeting myelomonocytic cells to revert inflammation-dependent cancer promotion. Cancer Research 2005, 65:9113-9116.
206. Vendramini-Costa D.B., Carvalho J.E. Molecular link mechanisms between inflammation and cancer. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012, 18:3831-3852.
207. Eggermont A.M., Testori A., Maio M., Robert C. Anti-CTLA-4 antibody adjuvant therapy in melanoma. Seminars in Oncology 2010, 37:455-459.
208. Triebel F. LAG-3: a regulator of T-cell and DC responses and its use in therapeutic vaccination. Trends in Immunology 2003, 24:619-622.
209. Sierro S., Romero P., Speiser D.E. The CD4-like molecule LAG-3, biology and therapeutic applications. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 2011, 15:91-101.
210. Wang L., Rubinstein R., Lines J.L., Wasiuk A., Ahonen C., Guo Y., et al. VISTA, a novel mouse Ig superfamily ligand that negatively regulates T cell responses. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2011, 208:577-592.
211. Ruocco M.G., Pilones K.A., Kawashima N., Cammer M., Huang J., Babb J.S., et al. Suppressing T cell motility induced by anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy improves antitumor effects. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2012, 122:3718-3730.
212. Schlom J. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: current status and moving forward. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2012, 104:599-613.
213. Sarnaik A.A., Yu B., Yu D., Morelli D., Hall M., Bogle D., et al. Extended dose ipilimumab with a peptide vaccine: immune correlates associated with clinical benefit in patients with resected high-risk stage IIIc/IV melanoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2011, 17:896-906.
214. van den Eertwegh A.J., Versluis J., van den Berg H.P., Santegoets S.J., van Moorselaar R.J., van der Sluis T.M., et al. Combined immunotherapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced allogeneic prostate cancer cells and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet Oncology 2012, 13:509-517.
215. Verbrugge I., Hagekyriakou J., Sharp L.L., Galli M., West A., McLaughlin N.M., et al. Radiotherapy increases the permissiveness of established mammary tumors to rejection by immunomodulatory antibodies. Cancer Research 2012, 72:3163-3174.
216. Curran M.A., Kim M., Montalvo W., Al-Shamkhani A., Allison J.P. Combination CTLA-4 blockade and 4-1BB activation enhances tumor rejection by increasing T-cell infiltration, proliferation, and cytokine production. PLoS One 2011, 6:e19499.
217. Sorensen M.R., Holst P.J., Steffensen M.A., Christensen J.P., Thomsen A.R. Adenoviral vaccination combined with CD40 stimulation and CTLA-4 blockage can lead to complete tumor regression in a murine melanoma model. Vaccine 2010, 28:6757-6764.
218. Takeda K., Kojima Y., Uno T., Hayakawa Y., Teng M.W., Yoshizawa H., et al. Combination therapy of established tumors by antibodies targeting immune activating and suppressing molecules. Journal of Immunology 2010, 184:5493-5501.
219. Schraven B., Kalinke U. CD28 superagonists: what makes the difference in humans?. Immunity 2008, 28:591-595.
220. Downey S.G., Klapper J.A., Smith F.O., Yang J.C., Sherry R.M., Royal R.E., et al. Prognostic factors related to clinical response in patients with metastatic melanoma treated by CTL-associated antigen-4 blockade. Clinical Cancer Research 2007, 13:6681-6688.