What do we need to know about speciation?

Trends in Ecology and Evolution

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 27-39

  Butlin, Roger ^a   Debelle, Allan ^a   Kerth, Claudius ^a   Snook, Rhonda R ^a   Beukeboom, Leo W ^b   Castillo Cajas, Ruth F ^b   Diao, Wenwen ^b   Maan, Martine E ^b   Paolucci, Silvia ^b   Weissing, Franz J ^b   van de Zande, Louis ^b   Hoikkala, Anneli ^c   Geuverink, Elzemiek ^c   Jennings, Jackson ^c   Kankare, Maaria ^c   Knott, K Emily ^c   Tyukmaeva, Venera I ^c   Zoumadakis, Christos ^c   Ritchie, Michael G ^d   Barker, Daniel ^d   Immonen, Elina ^d   Kirkpatrick, Mark ^e   Noor, Mohamed ^f   Garcia, Macias Constantino ^g   Schmitt, Thomas ^h   Schilthuizen, Menno ⁱ   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ   (Finland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^f DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g INSTITUTO DE ECOLOGÍA   (Mexico)

^h UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

ⁱ NATURALIS BIODIVERSITY CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLOPATRY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; GENETIC ANALYSIS; PARAPATRY; RESEARCH WORK; SPECIATION (BIOLOGY); SPECIES DIVERSITY; SYMPATRY; THEORETICAL STUDY;

GENETICS; REVIEW; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

GENETICS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 84455199689     PISSN: 01695347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.09.002     Document Type: Review

References (169)

1. Darwin C.R. The Origin of Species 1859, Murray.
2. Otte D., Endler J.A. Speciation and its Consequences 1989, Sinauer Associates.
3. Coyne J.A., Orr H.A. Speciation 2004, Sinauer Associates.
4. Butlin R.K., Ritchie M.G. Genetics of speciation. Heredity 2009, 102:1-3.
5. Sobel J.M., et al. The biology of speciation. Evolution 2010, 64:295-315.
6. Schluter D. Evidence for ecological speciation and its alternative. Science 2009, 323:737-741.
7. Martin N.H., Willis J.H. Ecological divergence associated with mating system causes nearly complete reproductive isolation between sympatric Mimulus species. Evolution 2007, 61:68-82.
8. Shuker D.M., et al. Patterns of male sterility in a grasshopper hybrid zone imply accumulation of hybrid incompatibilities without selection. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2005, 272:2491-2497.
9. Nosil P., et al. Ecological explanations for (incomplete) speciation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2009, 24:145-156.
10. Butlin R.K., et al. Sympatric, parapatric or allopatric: the most important way to classify speciation?. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 2008, 363:2997-3007.
11. Taylor E.B., et al. Speciation in reverse: morphological and genetic evidence of the collapse of a three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) species pair. Mol. Ecol. 2006, 15:343-355.
12. Lande R. Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1981, 78:3721-3725.
13. Lynch M. The Origins of Genome Architecture 2007, Sinauer Associates.
14. Uyeda J.C., et al. Drift promotes speciation by sexual selection. Evolution 2009, 63:583-594.
15. Tazzyman S.J., Iwasa Y. Sexual selection can increase the effect of random genetic drift - a quantitative genetic model of polymorphism in Oophaga pumilio, the strawberry poison-dart frog. Evolution 2010, 64:1719-1728.
16. Servedio M.R., Noor M.A.F. The role of reinforcement in speciation: theory and data. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2003, 34:339-364.
17. Rice W.R., Hostert E.E. Laboratory experiments on speciation: what have we learned in 40 years?. Evolution 1993, 47:1637-1653.
18. Templeton A.R. The reality and importance of founder speciation in evolution. Bioessays 2008, 30:470-479.
19. Prentis P.J., et al. Adaptive evolution in invasive species. Trends Plant. Sci. 2008, 13:288-294.
20. Fierst J.L., Hansen T.F. Genetic architecture and postzygotic reproductive isolation: evolution of Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities in a polygenic model. Evolution 2010, 64:675-693.
21. Presgraves D.C. The molecular evolutionary basis of species formation. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2010, 11:175-180.
22. Marko P.B., Hart M.W. The complex analytical landscape of gene flow inference. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2011, 26:448-456.
23. Barraclough T.G. Evolving entities: towards a unified framework for understanding diversity at the species and higher levels. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010, 365:1801-1813.
24. Orr H.A. The population genetics of adaptation: the distribution of factors fixed during adaptive evolution. Evolution 1998, 52:935-949.
25. Leinonen T., et al. Comparative studies of quantitative trait and neutral marker divergence: a meta-analysis. J. Evol. Biol. 2008, 21:1-17.
26. Lande R. Rapid origin of sexual isolation and character divergence in a cline. Evolution 1982, 36:213-223.
27. Anderson M.J., et al. Sperm competition affects the structure of the mammalian vas deferens. J. Zool. 2004, 264:97-103.
28. Parker G.A., Partridge L. Sexual conflict and speciation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 1998, 353:261-274.
29. Gavrilets S. Rapid evolution of reproductive barriers driven by sexual conflict. Nature 2000, 403:886-889.
30. Maan M.E., Seehausen O. Ecology, sexual selection and speciation. Ecol. Lett. 2011, 14:591-602.
31. Gavrilets S., Hayashi T.I. Speciation and sexual conflict. Evol. Ecol. 2005, 19:167-198.
32. Martin O.Y., Hosken D.J. The evolution of reproductive isolation through sexual conflict. Nature 2003, 423:979-982.
33. Bacigalupe L.D., et al. Sexual conflict does not drive reproductive isolation in experimental populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. J. Evol. Biol. 2007, 20:1763-1771.
34. Gay L., et al. The evolution of harm-effect of sexual conflicts and population size. Evolution 2011, 65:725-737.
35. Hendry A.P. Ecological speciation! Or the lack thereof?. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2009, 66:1383-1398.
36. van Doorn G.S., et al. On the origin of species by natural and sexual selection. Science 2009, 326:1704-1707.
37. Weissing F.J., et al. Adaptive speciation theory: a conceptual review. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2011, 65:461-480.
38. Kraaijeveld K., et al. Sexual selection and speciation: the comparative evidence revisited. Biol. Rev. 2011, 86:367-377.
39. Kraaijeveld K., et al. Sexual selection and speciation: the comparative evidence revisited. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. 2010, 86:367-377.
40. Morrow E.H., et al. No evidence that sexual selection is an 'engine of speciation' in birds. Ecol. Lett. 2003, 6:228-234.
41. Matute D.R., Coyne J.A. Intrinsic reproductive isolation between two sister species of Drosophila. Evolution 2010, 64:903-920.
42. Hoskin C.J., Higgie M. Speciation via species interactions: the divergence of mating traits within species. Ecol. Lett. 2010, 13:409-420.
43. Pfennig K.S. A test of alternative hypotheses for the evolution of reproductive isolation between spadefoot toads: support for the reinforcement hypothesis. Evolution 2003, 57:2842-2851.
44. Coyne J.A., Orr H.A. Patterns of speciation in Drosophila. Evolution 1989, 43:362-381.
45. Nosil P., et al. Reproductive isolation driven by the combined effects of ecological adaptation and reinforcement. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2003, 270:1911-1918.
46. Linneaus C. Dissertatio botanica de Peloria. Amoenitates Academicae 1744, 1:55-73.
47. Wood T.E., et al. The frequency of polyploid speciation in vascular plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106:13875-13879.
48. Mallet J. Hybrid speciation. Nature 2007, 446:279-283.
49. Clarkson J.J., et al. Nuclear glutamine synthetase evolution in Nicotiana: phylogenetics and the origins of allotetraploid and homoploid (diploid) hybrids. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2010, 55:99-112.
50. Gompert Z., et al. Identifying units for conservation using molecular systematics: the cautionary tale of the Karner blue butterfly. Mol. Ecol. 2006, 15:1759-1768.
51. Rieseberg L.H., et al. Transgressive segregation, adaptation and speciation. Heredity 1999, 83:363-372.
52. Stelkens R., Seehausen O. Genetic distance between species predicts novel trait expression in their hybrids. Evolution 2009, 63:884-897.
53. Salazar C., et al. Genetic evidence for hybrid trait speciation in Heliconius butterflies. PLoS Genet. 2010, 6:e1000930.
54. Patterson N., et al. Complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees - Reply. Nature 2008, 452:E4.
55. Wakeley J. Complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees. Nature 2008, 452:E3-E4.
56. Kisel Y., Barraclough T.G. Speciation has a spatial scale that depends on levels of gene flow. Am. Nat. 2010, 175:316-334.
57. Nosil P. Speciation with gene flow could be common. Mol. Ecol. 2008, 17:2103-2106.
58. Barton N.H., Gale K.S. Genetic analysis of hybrid zones. Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process 1993, Oxford University Press, pp. 13-45. R.G. Harrison (Ed.).
59. Servedio M.R., et al. Magic traits in speciation: 'magic' but not rare?. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2011, 26:389-397.
60. Gavrilets S. Fitness Landscapes and the Origin of Species 2004, Princeton University Press.
61. Mallet J., et al. Space, sympatry and speciation. J. Evol. Biol. 2009, 22:2332-2341.
62. Kirkpatrick M., Ravigne V. Speciation by natural and sexual selection: models and experiments. Am. Nat. 2002, 159:S22-S35.
63. Kondrashov A.S. Accumulation of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities within a spatially structured population. Evolution 2003, 57:151-153.
64. Barton N.H., Hewitt G.M. Adaptation, speciation and hybrid zones. Nature 1989, 341:497-503.
65. Nosil P., Flaxman S.M. Conditions for mutation-order speciation. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2011, 278:399-407.
66. Barrett R.D.H., Schluter D. Adaptation from standing genetic variation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2008, 23:38-44.
67. Mani G.S., Clarke B.C. Mutational order - a major stochastic-process in evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 1990, 240:29-37.
68. Orr H.A., Turelli M. The evolution of postzygotic isolation: accumulating Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities. Evolution 2001, 55:1085-1094.
69. Gourbiere S., Mallet J. Are species real? The shape of the species boundary with exponential failure, reinforcement, and the 'missing snowball'. Evolution 2010, 64:1-24.
70. Presgraves D.C. Speciation genetics: search for the missing snowball. Curr. Biol. 2010, 20:R1073-R1074.
71. Nosil P., Schluter D. The genes underlying the process of speciation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2011, 26:160-167.
72. Mayr E. Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter's contributions to biology. Osiris 1986, 2:135-176.
73. Ellison C.K., et al. Hybrid breakdown and mitochondrial dysfunction in hybrids of Nasonia parasitoid wasps. J. Evol. Biol. 2008, 21:1844-1851.
74. Gibson J.D., et al. Contrasting patterns of selective constraints in nuclear-encoded genes of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in holometabolous insects and their possible role in hybrid breakdown in Nasonia. Heredity 2010, 104:310-317.
75. Johnson N.A. Hybrid incompatibility genes: remnants of a genomic battlefield?. Trends Genet. 2010, 26:317-325.
76. Smadja C., Butlin R.K. On the scent of speciation: the chemosensory system and its role in premating isolation. Heredity 2009, 102:77-97.
77. Lassance J.M., et al. Allelic variation in a fatty-acyl reductase gene causes divergence in moth sex pheromones. Nature 2010, 466:486-489.
78. Shirangi T.R., et al. Rapid evolution of sex pheromone-producing enzyme expression in Drosophila. PLoS Biol. 2009, 7:e1000168.
79. Ellison C.K., et al. The genetics of speciation: genes of small effect underlie sexual isolation in the Hawaiian cricket Laupala. J. Evol. Biol. 2011, 24:1110-1119.
80. Vieira A.R., et al. Medical sequencing of candidate genes for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. PLoS Genet. 2005, 1:651-659.
81. Chagne D., et al. Mapping a candidate gene (MdMYB10) for red flesh and foliage colour in apple. BMC Genomics 2007, 8:212.
82. Walters J.R., Harrison R.G. Combined EST and proteomic analysis identifies rapidly evolving seminal fluid proteins in Heliconius butterflies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2010, 27:2000-2013.
83. Clark A.G., et al. Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny. Nature 2007, 450:203-218.
84. Wolf J.B.W., et al. Speciation genetics: current status and evolving approaches. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010, 365:1717-1733.
85. Chan Y.F., et al. Adaptive evolution of pelvic reduction in sticklebacks by recurrent deletion of a Pitx1 Enhancer. Science 2010, 327:302-305.
86. Michalak P., Noor M.A.F. Association of misexpression with sterility in hybrids of Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana. J. Mol. Evol. 2004, 59:277-282.
87. Michalak P., Noor M.A.F. Genetics of reproductive isolation and species differences in model organisms. Evolutionary Genetics: Concepts and Case Studies 2006, 387-398. Oxford University Press. C.W. Wolf, J.B. Wolf (Eds.).
88. Haerty W., Singh R.S. Gene regulation divergence is a major contributor to the evolution of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities between species of Drosophila. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2006, 23:1707-1714.
89. Renaut S., et al. Gene expression divergence and hybrid misexpression between lake whitefish species pairs (Coregonus spp. Salmonidae). Mol. Biol. Evol. 2009, 26:925-936.
90. Prud'homme B., et al. Emerging principles of regulatory evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2007, 104:8605-8612.
91. Shapiro M.D., et al. Parallel genetic origins of pelvic reduction in vertebrates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:13753-13758.
92. Rieseberg L.H., Blackman B.K. Speciation genes in plants. Ann. Bot. 2010, 106:439-455.
93. Ranz J.M., Machado C.A. Uncovering evolutionary patterns of gene expression using microarrays. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2006, 21:29-37.
94. De S., Babu M.M. Genomic neighbourhood and the regulation of gene expression. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2010, 22:326-333.
95. Michalak P. Epigenetic, transposon and small RNA determinants of hybrid dysfunctions. Heredity 2009, 102:45-50.
96. Sela N., et al. The role of transposable elements in the evolution of non-mammalian vertebrates and invertebrates. Genome Biol. 2010, 11:R59.
97. Schwarz D., et al. Spread and interaction of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and Pythium aphanidermatum in a closed nutrient solution recirculation system: effects on tomato growth and yield. Plant Pathol. 2010, 59:443-452.
98. West-Eberhard M.J. Developmental plasticity and the origin of species differences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102:6543-6549.
99. Pfennig D.W., et al. Phenotypic plasticity's impacts on diversification and speciation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2010, 25:459-467.
100. Schwander T., Leimar O. Genes as leaders and followers in evolution. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2011, 26:143-151.
101. Pigliucci M., et al. Phenotypic plasticity and evolution by genetic assimilation. J. Evol. Biol. 2006, 209:2362-2367.
102. Higginson A.D., Reader T. Environmental heterogeneity, genotype-by-environment interactions and the reliability of sexual traits as indicators of mate quality. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2009, 276:1153-1159.
103. Greenfield M.D., Rodriguez R.L. Genotype-environment interaction and the reliability of mating signals. Anim. Behav. 2004, 68:1461-1468.
104. Edelaar P., et al. Matching habitat choice causes directed gene flow: a neglected dimension in evolution and ecology. Evolution 2008, 62:2462-2472.
105. Servedio M.R., et al. Reinforcement and learning. Evol. Ecol. 2009, 23:109-123.
106. Turner T.L., et al. Genomic islands of speciation in Anopheles gambiae. PLoS Biol. 2005, 3:1572-1578.
107. Hohenlohe P.A., et al. Using population genomics to detect selection in natural populations: key concepts and methodological considerations. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2010, 171:1059-1071.
108. Michel A.P., et al. Widespread genomic divergence during sympatric speciation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:9724-9729.
109. Barton N., Bengtsson B.O. The barrier to genetic exchange between hybridizing populations. Heredity 1986, 57:357-376.
110. Feder J.L., Nosil P. The efficacy of divergence hitchhiking in generating genomic islands during ecological speciation. Evolution 2010, 64:1729-1747.
111. Via S. Natural selection in action during speciation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106:9939-9946.
112. Rieseberg L.H. Chromosomal rearrangements and speciation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2001, 16:351-358.
113. Strasburg J.L., et al. Genomic patterns of adaptive divergence between chromosomally differentiated sunflower species. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2009, 26:1341-1355.
114. Lowry D.B., Willis J.H. A widespread chromosomal inversion polymorphism contributes to a major life-history transition, local adaptation, and reproductive isolation. PLoS Biol. 2010, 8:e1000500.
115. Noor M.A.F., et al. Chromosomal inversions and the reproductive isolation of species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001, 98:12084-12088.
116. Schaefer J.E., et al. Role of intrinsic properties in Drosophila motoneuron recruitment during fictive crawling. J. Neurol. Physiol. 2010, 104:1257-1266.
117. Barnwell C.V., Noor M.A.F. Failure to replicate two mate preference QTLs across multiple strains of Drosophila pseudoobscura. J. Hered. 2008, 99:653-656.
118. Saetre G.P., Saether S.A. Ecology and genetics of speciation in Ficedula flycatchers. Mol. Ecol. 2010, 19:1091-1106.
119. Lemmon A.R., Kirkpatrick M. Reinforcement and the genetics of hybrid incompatibilities. Genetics 2006, 173:1145-1155.
120. Kirkpatrick M., Barton N. Chromosome inversions, local adaptation and speciation. Genetics 2006, 173:419-434.
121. Noor M.A., Bennett S.M. Islands of speciation or mirages in the desert? Examining the role of restricted recombination in maintaining species. Heredity 2009, 103:439-444.
122. Charlesworth B., et al. The effects of local selection, balanced polymorphism and background selection on equilibrium patterns of genetic diversity in subdivided populations. Genet. Res. 1997, 70:155-174.
123. Gaston K.J. Global patterns in biodiversity. Nature 2000, 405:220-227.
124. Mittelbach G.G., et al. Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient: speciation, extinction and biogeography. Ecol. Lett. 2007, 10:315-331.
125. Brown J.H., et al. Toward a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology 2004, 85:1771-1789.
126. Hubbell S.P. The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography 2001, Princeton University Press.
127. Allen A.P., et al. Kinetic effects of temperature on rates of genetic divergence and speciation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:9130-9135.
128. Makarieva A.M., Gorshkov V.G. On the dependence of speciation rates on species abundance and characteristic population size. J. Biosci. 2004, 29:119-128.
129. Venditti C., et al. Phylogenies reveal new interpretation of speciation and the Red Queen. Nature 2010, 463:349-352.
130. Arnqvist G., et al. Sexual conflict promotes speciation in insects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97:10460-10464.
131. Phillimore A.B., et al. Ecology predicts large-scale patterns of phylogenetic diversification in birds. Am. Nat. 2006, 168:220-229.
132. Etienne R.S., et al. Modes of speciation and the neutral theory of biodiversity. Oikos 2007, 116:241-258.
133. Barraclough T.G., Vogler A.P. Detecting the geographical pattern of speciation from species-level phylogenies. Am. Nat. 2000, 155:419-434.
134. Van Doorn G.S., et al. Sexual selection at the protein level drives the extraordinary divergence of sex-related genes during sympatric speciation. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2001, 268:2155-2161.
135. Losos J.B., Glor R.E. Phylogenetic comparative methods and the geography of speciation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2003, 18:220-227.
136. Funk D.J., et al. Ecological divergence exhibits consistently positive associations with reproductive isolation across disparate taxa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:3209-3213.
137. Yoder J.B., et al. Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations. J. Evol. Biol. 2010, 23:1581-1596.
138. Mahler D.L., et al. Ecological opportunity and the rate of morphological evolution in the diversification of Greater Antillean anoles. Evolution 2010, 64:2731-2745.
139. McKinney M.L. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1997, 28:495-516.
140. Bennett K.D., et al. Quaternary refugia of north European trees. J. Biogeog. 1991, 18:103-115.
141. Vrana P.B., et al. Genomic imprinting is disrupted in interspecific Peromyscus hybrids. Nat. Genet. 1998, 20:362-365.
142. Weir J.T., Schluter D. The latitudinal gradient in recent speciation and extinction rates of birds and mammals. Science 2007, 315:1574-1576.
143. Vamosi J.C., Vamosi S.M. Extinction risk escalates in the tropics. PLoS ONE 2008, 3:e3886.
144. Vellend M., et al. Effects of exotic species on evolutionary diversification. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2007, 22:481-488.
145. Seehausen O., et al. Speciation reversal and biodiversity dynamics with hybridization in changing environments. Mol. Ecol. 2008, 17:30-44.
146. Servedio M.R. The what and why of research on reinforcement. PLoS Biol. 2004, 2:2032-2035.
147. Hendry A.P., et al. Evolutionary biology in biodiversity science, conservation, and policy: a call to action. Evolution 2010, 64:1517-1528.
148. Mayr E. Systematics and the Origin of Species 1942, Columbia University Press.
149. Schilthuizen M. Dualism and conflicts in understanding speciation. Bioessays 2000, 22:1134-1141.
150. Wu C.I. The genic view of the process of speciation. J. Evol. Biol. 2001, 14:851-865.
151. Yang Z.H., Rannala B. Bayesian species delimitation using multilocus sequence data. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:9264-9269.
152. Jennings J.H., Etges W.J. Species hybrids in the laboratory but not in nature: a reanalysis of premating isolation between Drosophila arizonae and D. mojavensis. Evolution 2010, 64:587-598.
153. Etges W.J., et al. Genetics of incipient speciation in Drosophila mojavensis. II. Host plants and mating status influence cuticular hydrocarbon QTL expression and G × E interactions. Evolution 2009, 63:1712-1730.
154. Wiley C., et al. Postzygotic isolation over multiple generations of hybrid descendents in a natural hybrid zone: how well do single-generation estimates reflect reproductive isolation?. Evolution 2009, 63:1731-1739.
155. Mendelson T.C. Sexual isolation evolves faster than hybrid inviability in a diverse and sexually dimorphic genus of fish (Percidae: Etheostoma). Evolution 2003, 57:317-327.
156. Dieckmann U., et al. Epilogue. Adaptive Speciation 2004, 380-394. Cambridge University Press. U. Dieckmann (Ed.).
157. Fitzpatrick B.M., et al. Pattern, process and geographic modes of speciation. J. Evol. Biol. 2009, 22:2342-2347.
158. Sadedin S., et al. Case studies and mathematical models of ecological speciation. 3: Ecotype formation in a Swedish snail. Mol. Ecol. 2009, 18:4006-4023.
159. Moyle L.C., et al. The contribution of gene movement to the 'Two Rules of Speciation'. Evolution 2010, 64:1541-1557.
160. Schartl M. Platyfish and swordtails - a genetic system for the analysis of molecular mechanisms in tumor-formation. Trends Genet. 1995, 11:185-189.
161. Kirkpatrick M. How and why chromosome inversions evolve. PLoS Biol. 2010, 8:e1000501.
162. Bush G.L., et al. Rapid speciation and chromosomal evolution in mammals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1977, 74:3942-3946.
163. White M.J.D. Modes of Speciation 1978, W.H. Freeman.
164. Navarro A., Barton N.H. Accumulating postzygotic isolation genes in parapatry: a new twist on chromosomal speciation. Evolution 2003, 57:447-459.
165. Jackson B.C. Recombination-suppression: how many mechanisms for chromosomal speciation?. Genetica 2011, 139:393-402.
166. Feder J.L., et al. Widespread genomic divergence during sympatric speciation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:9724-9729.
167. Turner T.L., Hahn M.W. Genomic islands of speciation or genomic islands and speciation?. Mol. Ecol. 2010, 19:848-850.
168. Harrison R.G. Understanding the origin of species: where have we been? Where are we going?. Evolution since Darwin: The First 150 Years 2010, 319-346. Sinauer. M.A. Bell (Ed.).
169. Panhuis T.M., et al. Sexual selection and speciation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2001, 16:364-371.