메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 1-17

Comparative studies of quantitative trait and neutral marker divergence: A meta-analysis

Author keywords

FST; Genetic drift; Meta analysis; Molecular markers; Null model; Population differentiation; QST; Quantitative genetics

Indexed keywords

ALLOZYME; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIVERGENCE; GENETIC DRIFT; LIFE HISTORY; META-ANALYSIS; MORPHOLOGY; NATURAL SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS;

EID: 37149042226     PISSN: 1010061X     EISSN: 14209101     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01445.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (376)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 0004042044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: Quantitative conservation genetics of the rare plant Scabiosa canescens (Disacaceae) and Silene diclinis (Caryophyllaceae) (P. Waldmann). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Systematic Botany, Lund University, Sweden.
    • Andersson, S., Waldmann, P. Prentice, H.C. 2000. The structure of quantitative genetic variance within the narrow endemic Silene diclinis (Caryophyllaceae). In : Quantitative conservation genetics of the rare plant Scabiosa canescens (Disacaceae) and Silene diclinis (Caryophyllaceae) (P. Waldmann). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Systematic Botany, Lund University, Sweden.
    • (2000) The Structure of Quantitative Genetic Variance Within the Narrow Endemic Silene Diclinis (Caryophyllaceae)
    • Andersson, S.1    Waldmann, P.2    Prentice, H.C.3
  • 2
    • 7644232462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetic analyses of complex behaviours in Drosophila
    • Anholt, R.R.H. MacKay, T.F.C. 2004. Quantitative genetic analyses of complex behaviours in Drosophila. Nat. Rev. Genet. 5 : 838 849.
    • (2004) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.5 , pp. 838-849
    • Anholt, R.R.H.1    MacKay, T.F.C.2
  • 3
    • 3042805319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative trait, genetic, environmental, and geographical distances among populations of the C4 grass Trachypogon plumosus in Neotropical savannas
    • Baruch, Z., Nassar, J.M. Bubis, J. 2004. Quantitative trait, genetic, environmental, and geographical distances among populations of the C4 grass Trachypogon plumosus in Neotropical savannas. Divers. Distrib. 10 : 283 292.
    • (2004) Divers. Distrib. , vol.10 , pp. 283-292
    • Baruch, Z.1    Nassar, J.M.2    Bubis, J.3
  • 4
    • 0037391888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral DNA markers fail to detect genetic divergence in an ecologically important trait
    • Bekessy, S.A., Ennos, R.A., Burgman, M.A., Newton, A.C. Ades, P.K. 2003. Neutral DNA markers fail to detect genetic divergence in an ecologically important trait. Biol. Conserv. 110 : 267 275.
    • (2003) Biol. Conserv. , vol.110 , pp. 267-275
    • Bekessy, S.A.1    Ennos, R.A.2    Burgman, M.A.3    Newton, A.C.4    Ades, P.K.5
  • 5
    • 1342270071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological theory of adaptive radiation: An assessment from coregonine fishes (Salmoniformes)
    • In: A. P. Hendry. S. C. Stearns, eds), pp. Oxford University press, New York.
    • Bernatchez, L. 2004. Ecological theory of adaptive radiation: An assessment from coregonine fishes (Salmoniformes). In : Evolution Illuminated: Salmon and their Relatives (A. P. Hendry S. C. Stearns, eds), pp. 175 207. Oxford University press, New York.
    • (2004) Evolution Illuminated: Salmon and Their Relatives , pp. 175-207
    • Bernatchez, L.1
  • 6
    • 0029838235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic markers and quantitative genetic variation in Medicago truncatula (Leguminosae): A comparative analysis of population structure
    • Bonnin, I., Prosperi, J.-M. Olivieri, I. 1996. Genetic markers and quantitative genetic variation in Medicago truncatula (Leguminosae): A comparative analysis of population structure. Genetics 143 : 1795 1805.
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.143 , pp. 1795-1805
    • Bonnin, I.1    Prosperi, J.-M.2    Olivieri, I.3
  • 7
    • 5344250391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population differentiation in G-matrix structure due to natural selection in Rana temporaria
    • Cano, J.M., Laurila, A., Palo, J. Merilä, J. 2004. Population differentiation in G-matrix structure due to natural selection in Rana temporaria. Evolution 58 : 2013 2020.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 2013-2020
    • Cano, J.M.1    Laurila, A.2    Palo, J.3    Merilä, J.4
  • 8
    • 33747502148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting the complex genetic basis of mate choice
    • Chenoweth, S.F. Blows, M.W. 2006. Dissecting the complex genetic basis of mate choice. Nat. Rev. Genet. 7 : 681 692.
    • (2006) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.7 , pp. 681-692
    • Chenoweth, S.F.1    Blows, M.W.2
  • 10
    • 34347330265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation for shell traits in a direct-developing marine snail involved in a putative sympatric ecological speciation process
    • Conde-Padín, P., Carvajal-Rodríguez, A., Carballo, M., Caballero, A. Rolán-Alvarez, E. 2006. Genetic variation for shell traits in a direct-developing marine snail involved in a putative sympatric ecological speciation process. Evol. Ecol. 23 : 635 650.
    • (2006) Evol. Ecol. , vol.23 , pp. 635-650
    • Conde-Padín, P.1    Carvajal-Rodríguez, A.2    Carballo, M.3    Caballero, A.4    Rolán-Alvarez, E.5
  • 11
    • 84859788114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic population divergence: Markers and traits
    • Crnokrak, P. Merilä, J. 2002. Genetic population divergence: markers and traits. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17 : 501.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 501
    • Crnokrak, P.1    Merilä, J.2
  • 12
    • 0242499398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and quantitative trait variation within and among populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus
    • Edmands, S. Harrison, S. 2003. Molecular and quantitative trait variation within and among populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus. Evolution 57 : 2277 2285.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 2277-2285
    • Edmands, S.1    Harrison, S.2
  • 13
    • 0141503912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intense versus diffuse population bottlenecks on microsatellite genetic diversity and evolutionary potential
    • England, P.R., Osler, G.H.R., Woodworth, L.M., Montgomery, M.E., Briscoe, D.A. Frankham, R. 2003. Effects of intense versus diffuse population bottlenecks on microsatellite genetic diversity and evolutionary potential. Conserv. Genet. 4 : 595 604.
    • (2003) Conserv. Genet. , vol.4 , pp. 595-604
    • England, P.R.1    Osler, G.H.R.2    Woodworth, L.M.3    Montgomery, M.E.4    Briscoe, D.A.5    Frankham, R.6
  • 14
    • 33846633697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolving the paradox of stasis: Models with stabilizing selection explain evolutionary divergence on all timescales
    • Estes, S. Arnold, S.J. 2007. Resolving the paradox of stasis: Models with stabilizing selection explain evolutionary divergence on all timescales. Am. Nat. 169 : 227 244.
    • (2007) Am. Nat. , vol.169 , pp. 227-244
    • Estes, S.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 15
    • 33745215619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary aspects of population structure for molecular and quantitative traits in the freshwater snail Radix balthica
    • Evanno, G., Castella, E. Goudet, J. 2006. Evolutionary aspects of population structure for molecular and quantitative traits in the freshwater snail Radix balthica. Evolution 19 : 1071 1082.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.19 , pp. 1071-1082
    • Evanno, G.1    Castella, E.2    Goudet, J.3
  • 16
    • 0001318097 scopus 로고
    • Population differences in quantitative characters and gene frequencies: A comment on papers by Lewontin and Rogers
    • Felsenstein, J. 1986. Population differences in quantitative characters and gene frequencies: a comment on papers by Lewontin and Rogers. Am. Nat. 127 : 731 732.
    • (1986) Am. Nat. , vol.127 , pp. 731-732
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 17
    • 13844320941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature of quantitative genetic variation
    • In: R. S. Singh. C. B. Crimbas, eds. pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • Frankham, R. Weber, K.E. 2000. Nature of quantitative genetic variation. In : Evolutionary Genetics: From Molecules to Morphology (R. S. Singh C. B. Crimbas, eds pp. 351 368. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2000) Evolutionary Genetics: From Molecules to Morphology , pp. 351-368
    • Frankham, R.1    Weber, K.E.2
  • 20
    • 26444519157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quantitative genetics of transcription
    • Gibson, G. Weir, B. 2005. The quantitative genetics of transcription. Trends Genet. 21 : 616 623.
    • (2005) Trends Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 616-623
    • Gibson, G.1    Weir, B.2
  • 21
    • 0035706456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of evolution on the time scale of evolutionary process
    • Gingerich, P.D. 2001. Rates of evolution on the time scale of evolutionary process. Genetica 112-113 : 127 144.
    • (2001) Genetica , vol.112-113 , pp. 127-144
    • Gingerich, P.D.1
  • 22
    • 7544229363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting patterns of quantitative and neutral genetic variation in locally adapted populations of the Natterjack toad Bufo calamita
    • Gomez-Mestre, I. Tejedo, M. 2004. Contrasting patterns of quantitative and neutral genetic variation in locally adapted populations of the Natterjack toad Bufo calamita. Evolution 58 : 2343 2352.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 2343-2352
    • Gomez-Mestre, I.1    Tejedo, M.2
  • 23
    • 0036382081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetic structure in a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.): A comparison of allozyme markers and quantitative traits
    • Gonzalez-Martinez, S.C., Alia, R. Gil, L. 2002. Population genetic structure in a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.): a comparison of allozyme markers and quantitative traits. Heredity 89 : 199 206.
    • (2002) Heredity , vol.89 , pp. 199-206
    • Gonzalez-Martinez, S.C.1    Alia, R.2    Gil, L.3
  • 24
    • 33644775668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ST, an estimator of population differentiation for quantitative traits
    • ST, an estimator of population differentiation for quantitative traits. Genetics 172 : 1337 1347.
    • (2006) Genetics , vol.172 , pp. 1337-1347
    • Goudet, J.1    Buchi, L.2
  • 25
    • 15744382277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population differentiation and genetic variation inform translocation decisions for Liatris scariosa var. novae-angliae, a rare New England grassland perennial
    • Gravuer, K., von Wettberg, E. Schmitt, J. 2005. Population differentiation and genetic variation inform translocation decisions for Liatris scariosa var. novae-angliae, a rare New England grassland perennial. Biol. Conserv. 124 : 155 167.
    • (2005) Biol. Conserv. , vol.124 , pp. 155-167
    • Gravuer, K.1    Von Wettberg, E.2    Schmitt, J.3
  • 26
    • 0032965634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly variable loci and their interpretation in evolution and conservation
    • Hedrick, P.W. 1999. Highly variable loci and their interpretation in evolution and conservation. Evolution 53 : 313 318.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 313-318
    • Hedrick, P.W.1
  • 27
    • 24644446846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A standardized genetic differentiation measure
    • Hedrick, P.W. 2005. A standardized genetic differentiation measure. Evolution 59 : 1633 1638.
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 1633-1638
    • Hedrick, P.W.1
  • 29
    • 0033427707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective: The pace of modern life: Measuring rates of contemporary microevolution
    • Hendry, A.P. Kinnison, M.T. 1999. Perspective: The pace of modern life: Measuring rates of contemporary microevolution. Evolution 53 : 1637 1653.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 1637-1653
    • Hendry, A.P.1    Kinnison, M.T.2
  • 30
    • 33745911143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single amino acid mutation contributes to adaptive beach mouse color pattern
    • Hoekstra, H.E., Hirschmann, R.J., Bundey, R.A., Insel, P.A. Crossland, J.P. 2006. A single amino acid mutation contributes to adaptive beach mouse color pattern. Science 313 : 101 104.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 101-104
    • Hoekstra, H.E.1    Hirschmann, R.J.2    Bundey, R.A.3    Insel, P.A.4    Crossland, J.P.5
  • 31
    • 33845614514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards genetic markers in animal populations as biomonitors for human-induced environmental change
    • Hoffmann, A.A. Daborn, P.J. 2007. Towards genetic markers in animal populations as biomonitors for human-induced environmental change. Ecol. Lett. 10 : 63 76.
    • (2007) Ecol. Lett. , vol.10 , pp. 63-76
    • Hoffmann, A.A.1    Daborn, P.J.2
  • 32
    • 0035210240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting evolutionary forces driving population structure at expressed sequence tag polymorphisms, allozymes and quantitative traits in white spruce
    • Jaramillo-Correa, J.P., Beaulieu, J. Bousquet, J. 2001. Contrasting evolutionary forces driving population structure at expressed sequence tag polymorphisms, allozymes and quantitative traits in white spruce. Mol. Ecol. 10 : 2729 2740.
    • (2001) Mol. Ecol. , vol.10 , pp. 2729-2740
    • Jaramillo-Correa, J.P.1    Beaulieu, J.2    Bousquet, J.3
  • 33
    • 33845520816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life history variation in the heavy metal tolerant plant Thlaspi caeruscence growing in a network of contaminated and noncontaminated sites in southern France: Role of gene flow, selection and phenotypic plasticity
    • Jimenez-Ambriz, G., Petit, C., Bourrie, I., Dubois, S., Olivieri, I. Ronce, O. 2007. Life history variation in the heavy metal tolerant plant Thlaspi caeruscence growing in a network of contaminated and noncontaminated sites in southern France: role of gene flow, selection and phenotypic plasticity. New Phytol. 173 : 199 215.
    • (2007) New Phytol. , vol.173 , pp. 199-215
    • Jimenez-Ambriz, G.1    Petit, C.2    Bourrie, I.3    Dubois, S.4    Olivieri, I.5    Ronce, O.6
  • 34
    • 0014394222 scopus 로고
    • The effects of population size and selection intensity in selection for a quantitative character in Drosophila II. Long-term response
    • Jones, L.P., Frankham, R. Barker, J.S.F. 1968. The effects of population size and selection intensity in selection for a quantitative character in Drosophila II. Long-term response. Genet. Res. 12 : 249 266.
    • (1968) Genet. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 249-266
    • Jones, L.P.1    Frankham, R.2    Barker, J.S.F.3
  • 35
    • 33646928422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analyses of population structure in two subspecies of Nigella degenii: Evidence for diversifying selection on pollen-color dimorphisms
    • Jorgensen, T.H., Richardson, D.S. Andersson, S. 2006. Comparative analyses of population structure in two subspecies of Nigella degenii: evidence for diversifying selection on pollen-color dimorphisms. Evolution 60 : 518 528.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 518-528
    • Jorgensen, T.H.1    Richardson, D.S.2    Andersson, S.3
  • 37
    • 0003132888 scopus 로고
    • The neutral theory of molecular evolution
    • In: M. Nei. R. K. Koehn, eds. pp. Sinauer Assoc, Sunderland, MA.
    • Kimura, M. 1983. The neutral theory of molecular evolution. In : Evolution of Genes and Proteins (M. Nei R. K. Koehn, eds pp. 208 233. Sinauer Assoc, Sunderland, MA.
    • (1983) Evolution of Genes and Proteins , pp. 208-233
    • Kimura, M.1
  • 38
    • 0035707845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pace of modern life II: From rates of contemporary microevolution to pattern and process
    • Kinnison, M.T. Hendry, A.P. 2001. The pace of modern life II: from rates of contemporary microevolution to pattern and process. Genetica 112 : 145 164.
    • (2001) Genetica , vol.112 , pp. 145-164
    • Kinnison, M.T.1    Hendry, A.P.2
  • 39
    • 33845955062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting levels of variation in neutral and quantitative genetic loci on island populations of moor frogs (Rana arvalis)
    • Knopp, T., Cano, J.M., Crochet, P.-A. Merilä, J. 2006. Contrasting levels of variation in neutral and quantitative genetic loci on island populations of moor frogs (Rana arvalis). Conserv. Genet. 8 : 45 56.
    • (2006) Conserv. Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 45-56
    • Knopp, T.1    Cano, J.M.2    Crochet, P.-A.3    Merilä, J.4
  • 40
    • 0037167874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary fisherian life-history evolution in small salmonid populations
    • Koskinen, M.T., Haugen, T.O. Primmer, C.R. 2002. Contemporary fisherian life-history evolution in small salmonid populations. Nature 419 : 826 830.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 826-830
    • Koskinen, M.T.1    Haugen, T.O.2    Primmer, C.R.3
  • 41
    • 0030939907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilocus and multitrait measures of differentiation for gene markers and phenotypic traits
    • Kremer, A., Zanetto, A. Ducousso, A. 1997. Multilocus and multitrait measures of differentiation for gene markers and phenotypic traits. Genetics 145 : 1229 1241.
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.145 , pp. 1229-1241
    • Kremer, A.1    Zanetto, A.2    Ducousso, A.3
  • 42
    • 0031214142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation at marker loci and in quantitative traits in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana
    • Kuittinen, H., Mattila, A. Savolainen, O. 1997. Genetic variation at marker loci and in quantitative traits in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. Heredity 79 : 144 152.
    • (1997) Heredity , vol.79 , pp. 144-152
    • Kuittinen, H.1    Mattila, A.2    Savolainen, O.3
  • 43
    • 0017144189 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection and random genetic drift in phenotypic evolution
    • Lande, R. 1976. Natural selection and random genetic drift in phenotypic evolution. Evolution 30 : 314 334.
    • (1976) Evolution , vol.30 , pp. 314-334
    • Lande, R.1
  • 44
    • 0029814921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure of a riparian willow species, Salix viminalis
    • Lascoux, M., Thorsen, J. Gullberg, U. 1996. Population structure of a riparian willow species, Salix viminalis. Genet. Res. 68 : 45 54.
    • (1996) Genet. Res. , vol.68 , pp. 45-54
    • Lascoux, M.1    Thorsen, J.2    Gullberg, U.3
  • 45
    • 0031956327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of allelic frequencies at quantitative trait loci affecting locally adaptive traits
    • Latta, R.G. 1998. Differentiation of allelic frequencies at quantitative trait loci affecting locally adaptive traits. Am. Nat. 151 : 283 292.
    • (1998) Am. Nat. , vol.151 , pp. 283-292
    • Latta, R.G.1
  • 46
    • 0036837343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic population divergence: Markers and traits-Response
    • Latta, R.G. McKay, J.K. 2002. Genetic population divergence: markers and traits-Response. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17 : 501 502.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 501-502
    • Latta, R.G.1    McKay, J.K.2
  • 47
    • 33646204702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation at two flowering time genes within and among populations of Arabidopsis thaliana: Comparison with markers and traits
    • Le Corre, V. 2005. Variation at two flowering time genes within and among populations of Arabidopsis thaliana: comparison with markers and traits. Mol. Ecol. 14 : 4181 4192.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 4181-4192
    • Le Corre, V.1
  • 48
    • 0043210649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variability at neutral markers, quantitative trait loci and trait in a subdivided population under selection
    • Le Corre, V. Kremer, A. 2003. Genetic variability at neutral markers, quantitative trait loci and trait in a subdivided population under selection. Genetics 164 : 1205 1219.
    • (2003) Genetics , vol.164 , pp. 1205-1219
    • Le Corre, V.1    Kremer, A.2
  • 49
    • 0037101753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological stasis in the Eurythemora affinis species complex (Copepoda: Temoridae)
    • Lee, C.E. Frost, B.W. 2002. Morphological stasis in the Eurythemora affinis species complex (Copepoda: Temoridae). Hydrobiologia 480 : 111 128.
    • (2002) Hydrobiologia , vol.480 , pp. 111-128
    • Lee, C.E.1    Frost, B.W.2
  • 50
    • 33749991791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting patterns of body shape and neutral genetic divergence in marine and lake populations of threespine sticklebacks
    • Leinonen, T., Cano, J.M., Mäkinen, H. Merilä, J. 2006. Contrasting patterns of body shape and neutral genetic divergence in marine and lake populations of threespine sticklebacks. J. Evol. Biol. 19 : 1803 1812.
    • (2006) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 1803-1812
    • Leinonen, T.1    Cano, J.M.2    Mäkinen, H.3    Merilä, J.4
  • 51
    • 0021613577 scopus 로고
    • Detecting population differences in quantitative characters as opposed to gene-frequencies
    • Lewontin, R.C. 1984. Detecting population differences in quantitative characters as opposed to gene-frequencies. Am. Nat. 123 : 115 124.
    • (1984) Am. Nat. , vol.123 , pp. 115-124
    • Lewontin, R.C.1
  • 52
    • 2642696986 scopus 로고
    • A comment on the comments of Rogers and Felsenstein
    • Lewontin, R.C. 1986. A comment on the comments of Rogers and Felsenstein. Am. Nat. 127 : 733 744.
    • (1986) Am. Nat. , vol.127 , pp. 733-744
    • Lewontin, R.C.1
  • 53
    • 84966171960 scopus 로고
    • Molecules versus morphology: The detection of selection acting on morphological characters along a cline in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Long, A.D. Singh, R.S. 1995. Molecules versus morphology: the detection of selection acting on morphological characters along a cline in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 74 : 569 581.
    • (1995) Heredity , vol.74 , pp. 569-581
    • Long, A.D.1    Singh, R.S.2
  • 54
    • 0041817554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of neutral nonadditive gene action on the quantitative index of population divergence
    • Lopez-Fanjul, C., Fernandez, A. Toro, M.A. 2003. The effect of neutral nonadditive gene action on the quantitative index of population divergence. Genetics 164 : 1627 1633.
    • (2003) Genetics , vol.164 , pp. 1627-1633
    • Lopez-Fanjul, C.1    Fernandez, A.2    Toro, M.A.3
  • 55
    • 0037372708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatially structured genetic variation in a broadcast spawning bivalve: Quantitative vs. molecular traits
    • Luttikhuizen, P.C., Drent, J., van Delden, W. Piersma, T. 2003. Spatially structured genetic variation in a broadcast spawning bivalve: quantitative vs. molecular traits. J. Evol. Biol. 16 : 260 272.
    • (2003) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 260-272
    • Luttikhuizen, P.C.1    Drent, J.2    Van Delden, W.3    Piersma, T.4
  • 56
    • 0000806544 scopus 로고
    • The divergence of neutral quantitative characters among partially isolated populations
    • Lynch, M. 1988. The divergence of neutral quantitative characters among partially isolated populations. Evolution 42 : 455 466.
    • (1988) Evolution , vol.42 , pp. 455-466
    • Lynch, M.1
  • 57
    • 0002495892 scopus 로고
    • Neutral models of phenotypic evolution
    • In: L. A. Real, ed. pp. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • Lynch, M. 1994. Neutral models of phenotypic evolution. In : Ecological Genetics (L. A. Real, ed pp. 86 108. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (1994) Ecological Genetics , pp. 86-108
    • Lynch, M.1
  • 58
    • 0000361510 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary genetics of Daphnia
    • In: L. A. Real, ed. pp. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • Lynch, M. Spitze, K. 1994. Evolutionary genetics of Daphnia. In : Ecological Genetics (L. A. Real, ed pp. 109 128. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (1994) Ecological Genetics , pp. 109-128
    • Lynch, M.1    Spitze, K.2
  • 60
    • 0035671407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic architecture of quantitative traits
    • Mackay, T.F.C. 2001. The genetic architecture of quantitative traits. Annu. Rev. Genet. 35 : 303 339.
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.35 , pp. 303-339
    • MacKay, T.F.C.1
  • 61
    • 2542454771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic architecture of quantitative traits: Lessons from Drosophila
    • Mackay, T.F.C. 2004. The genetic architecture of quantitative traits: lessons from Drosophila. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 14 : 253 257.
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.14 , pp. 253-257
    • MacKay, T.F.C.1
  • 62
    • 0036603630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive population divergence: Markers, QTL and traits
    • McKay, J.K. Latta, R.G. 2002. Adaptive population divergence: markers, QTL and traits. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17 : 285 291.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 285-291
    • McKay, J.K.1    Latta, R.G.2
  • 63
    • 0035934226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local adaptation across a climatic gradient despite small effective population size in the rare sapphire rockcress
    • McKay, J.K., Bishop, J.G., Lin, J.-Z., Richards, J.H., Sala, A. Mitchell-Olds, T. 2001. Local adaptation across a climatic gradient despite small effective population size in the rare sapphire rockcress. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 268 : 1715 1721.
    • (2001) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.268 , pp. 1715-1721
    • McKay, J.K.1    Bishop, J.G.2    Lin, J.-Z.3    Richards, J.H.4    Sala, A.5    Mitchell-Olds, T.6
  • 64
    • 33845537967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the AMOVA framework to estimate a standardized genetic differentiation measure
    • Meirmans, P.G. 2006. Using the AMOVA framework to estimate a standardized genetic differentiation measure. Evolution 60 : 2399 2402.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 2399-2402
    • Meirmans, P.G.1
  • 65
    • 0030792408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative trait and allozyme divergence in the greenfinch (Carduelis chloris, Aves: Fringillidae)
    • Merilä, J. 1997. Quantitative trait and allozyme divergence in the greenfinch (Carduelis chloris, Aves: Fringillidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 61 : 243 266.
    • (1997) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.61 , pp. 243-266
    • Merilä, J.1
  • 66
    • 0035670347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of genetic differentiation at marker loci and quantitative traits
    • Merilä, J. Crnokrak, P. 2001. Comparison of genetic differentiation at marker loci and quantitative traits. J. Evol. Biol. 14 : 892 903.
    • (2001) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 892-903
    • Merilä, J.1    Crnokrak, P.2
  • 67
    • 0033180526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic architecture of fitness and non-fitness traits: Empirical patterns and development of ideas
    • Merilä, J. Sheldon, B. 1999. Genetic architecture of fitness and non-fitness traits: empirical patterns and development of ideas. Heredity 83 : 103 109.
    • (1999) Heredity , vol.83 , pp. 103-109
    • Merilä, J.1    Sheldon, B.2
  • 68
    • 0028253665 scopus 로고
    • Molecular approaches to population biology
    • Mitton, J.B. 1994. Molecular approaches to population biology. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 25 : 45 69.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.25 , pp. 45-69
    • Mitton, J.B.1
  • 69
    • 0034768344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of genetics architecture for life-history traits and molecular markers in a subdivided species
    • Morgan, K.K., Hicks, J., Spitze, K., Latta, L., Pfrender, M.E., Weaver, C.S., Ottone, M. Lynch, M. 2001. Patterns of genetics architecture for life-history traits and molecular markers in a subdivided species. Evolution 55 : 1753 1761.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 1753-1761
    • Morgan, K.K.1    Hicks, J.2    Spitze, K.3    Latta, L.4    Pfrender, M.E.5    Weaver, C.S.6    Ottone, M.7    Lynch, M.8
  • 70
    • 18444413579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and quantitative genetic divergence among populations of house mice with known evolutionary histories
    • Morgan, T.J., Evans, M.A., Garland, T., Swallow, J.G. Carter, P.A. 2005. Molecular and quantitative genetic divergence among populations of house mice with known evolutionary histories. Heredity 94 : 518 525.
    • (2005) Heredity , vol.94 , pp. 518-525
    • Morgan, T.J.1    Evans, M.A.2    Garland, T.3    Swallow, J.G.4    Carter, P.A.5
  • 71
    • 32644450896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting quantitative traits and neutral genetic markers for genetic resource assessment of Mesoamerican Cedrela odorata
    • Navarro, C., Cavers, S., Pappinen, A., Tigerstedt, P., Lowe, A. Merilä, J. 2005. Contrasting quantitative traits and neutral genetic markers for genetic resource assessment of Mesoamerican Cedrela odorata. Silvae Genet. 54 : 281 292.
    • (2005) Silvae Genet. , vol.54 , pp. 281-292
    • Navarro, C.1    Cavers, S.2    Pappinen, A.3    Tigerstedt, P.4    Lowe, A.5    Merilä, J.6
  • 72
    • 16844374692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the effects of genetic drift and fluctuating selection on genotype frequency changes in the scarlet tiger moth
    • O'Hara, R.B. 2005. Comparing the effects of genetic drift and fluctuating selection on genotype frequency changes in the scarlet tiger moth. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 272 : 211 217.
    • (2005) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.272 , pp. 211-217
    • O'Hara, R.B.1
  • 73
    • 32544451095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ST estimates: Problems and some solutions
    • ST estimates: problems and some solutions. Genetics 171 : 1331 1339.
    • (2005) Genetics , vol.171 , pp. 1331-1339
    • O'Hara, R.B.1    Merilä, J.2
  • 74
    • 0037058932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Near-neutrality in evolution of genes and gene regulation
    • Ohta, T. 2002. Near-neutrality in evolution of genes and gene regulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 : 16134 16137.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.99 , pp. 16134-16137
    • Ohta, T.1
  • 75
    • 17644367987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological divergence and origin of sympatric populations of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) in Lake Femund, Norway
    • Østbye, K., Næsje, T.F., Bernatchez, L., Sandlund, O.T. Hindar, K. 2005. Morphological divergence and origin of sympatric populations of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) in Lake Femund, Norway. J. Evol. Biol. 18 : 683 702.
    • (2005) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 683-702
    • Østbye, K.1    Næsje, T.F.2    Bernatchez, L.3    Sandlund, O.T.4    Hindar, K.5
  • 76
    • 0037630927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal divergence of common frog (Rana temporaria) life history traits by natural selection: Evidence from a comparison of molecular and quantitative genetic data
    • Palo, J.U., O'Hara, R.B., Laugen, A.T., Laurila, A., Primmer, C.R. Merilä, J. 2003. Latitudinal divergence of common frog (Rana temporaria) life history traits by natural selection: evidence from a comparison of molecular and quantitative genetic data. Mol. Ecol. 12 : 1963 1978.
    • (2003) Mol. Ecol. , vol.12 , pp. 1963-1978
    • Palo, J.U.1    O'Hara, R.B.2    Laugen, A.T.3    Laurila, A.4    Primmer, C.R.5    Merilä, J.6
  • 77
    • 0034984417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation value of independently evolving units: Sacred cow or testable hypothesis
    • Pearman, P.B. 2001. Conservation value of independently evolving units: sacred cow or testable hypothesis Conserv. Biol. 15 : 780 783.
    • (2001) Conserv. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 780-783
    • Pearman, P.B.1
  • 78
    • 28444449856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal genetic effects on adaptive divergence between anadromous and resident brook charr during early life history
    • Perry, G.M.L., Audet, C. Bernatchez, L. 2005. Maternal genetic effects on adaptive divergence between anadromous and resident brook charr during early life history. J. Evol. Biol. 18 : 1348 1361.
    • (2005) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 1348-1361
    • Perry, G.M.L.1    Audet, C.2    Bernatchez, L.3
  • 80
    • 0029055314 scopus 로고
    • Population structure of morphological traits in Clarkia dudleyana. I. Comparison of FST between allozymes and morphological traits
    • Podolsky, R.H. Holtsford, T.P. 1995. Population structure of morphological traits in Clarkia dudleyana. I. Comparison of FST between allozymes and morphological traits. Genetica 140 : 733 744.
    • (1995) Genetica , vol.140 , pp. 733-744
    • Podolsky, R.H.1    Holtsford, T.P.2
  • 81
    • 33644952572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic differentiation of neutral markers and quantitative traits in predominantly selfing metapopulations: Confronting theory and experiments with Arabidobsis thaliana
    • Porcher, E., Giraud, T. Lavigne, C. 2006. Genetic differentiation of neutral markers and quantitative traits in predominantly selfing metapopulations: confronting theory and experiments with Arabidobsis thaliana. Genet. Res. 87 : 1 12.
    • (2006) Genet. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 1-12
    • Porcher, E.1    Giraud, T.2    Lavigne, C.3
  • 82
    • 1042301856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure and strong divergent selection shape phenotypic diversification in maize landraces
    • Pressoir, G. Berthaud, J. 2004. Population structure and strong divergent selection shape phenotypic diversification in maize landraces. Heredity 92 : 95 101.
    • (2004) Heredity , vol.92 , pp. 95-101
    • Pressoir, G.1    Berthaud, J.2
  • 83
    • 0027215087 scopus 로고
    • F-statistics in Drosophila buzzatii: Selection, population size and inbreeding
    • Prout, T. Barker, S.F. 1993. F-statistics in Drosophila buzzatii: selection, population size and inbreeding. Genetics 134 : 369 375.
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.134 , pp. 369-375
    • Prout, T.1    Barker, S.F.2
  • 84
    • 33846929456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent selection as revealed by PST and QTL-based FST in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations along a coastal-inland gradient
    • Raeymaekers, J.A.M., Van Houdt, J.K.J., Larmuseau, M.H.D., Geldof, S. Volckaert, F.A.M. 2007. Divergent selection as revealed by PST and QTL-based FST in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations along a coastal-inland gradient. Mol. Ecol. 16 : 891 905.
    • (2007) Mol. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 891-905
    • Raeymaekers, J.A.M.1    Van Houdt, J.K.J.2    Larmuseau, M.H.D.3    Geldof, S.4    Volckaert, F.A.M.5
  • 85
    • 0000410470 scopus 로고
    • A theory of limits in artificial selection
    • Robertson, A. 1960. A theory of limits in artificial selection. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 153 : 234 249.
    • (1960) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.153 , pp. 234-249
    • Robertson, A.1
  • 86
    • 0345526412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive selection on a human-specific transcription factor binding site regulating IL4 expression
    • Rockman, M.V., Hahn, M.W., Soranzo, L., Goldstein, D.B. Wray, G.A. 2003. Positive selection on a human-specific transcription factor binding site regulating IL4 expression. Curr. Biol. 13 : 2118 2123.
    • (2003) Curr. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 2118-2123
    • Rockman, M.V.1    Hahn, M.W.2    Soranzo, L.3    Goldstein, D.B.4    Wray, G.A.5
  • 88
    • 0001318098 scopus 로고
    • Population differences in quantitative characters as opposed to gene frequencies
    • Rogers, A.R. 1986. Population differences in quantitative characters as opposed to gene frequencies. Am. Nat. 127 : 729 730.
    • (1986) Am. Nat. , vol.127 , pp. 729-730
    • Rogers, A.R.1
  • 89
    • 0021046042 scopus 로고
    • Population structure and quantitative characters
    • Rogers, A.R. Harpending, H.C. 1983. Population structure and quantitative characters. Genetics 105 : 985 1002.
    • (1983) Genetics , vol.105 , pp. 985-1002
    • Rogers, A.R.1    Harpending, H.C.2
  • 90
    • 0036860257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetically based phenotype-environment association for swimming behavior in lake whitefish ecotypes (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill)
    • Rogers, S.M., Gagnon, V. Bernatchez, L. 2002. Genetically based phenotype-environment association for swimming behavior in lake whitefish ecotypes (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill). Evolution 56 : 2322 2329.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 2322-2329
    • Rogers, S.M.1    Gagnon, V.2    Bernatchez, L.3
  • 91
    • 12244254411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent selection maintains high gene flow between sympatric rainbow smelt ecotypes (Osmerus mordax Mitchill)
    • Saint-Laurent, R., Legault, M. Bernatchez, L. 2003. Divergent selection maintains high gene flow between sympatric rainbow smelt ecotypes (Osmerus mordax Mitchill). Mol. Ecol. 12 : 315 330.
    • (2003) Mol. Ecol. , vol.12 , pp. 315-330
    • Saint-Laurent, R.1    Legault, M.2    Bernatchez, L.3
  • 92
    • 21244450391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of quantitative and molecular variation in agroforestry populations of the shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) in Mali
    • Sanou, H., Lovett, P.N. Bouvet, J.-M. 2005. Comparison of quantitative and molecular variation in agroforestry populations of the shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) in Mali. Mol. Ecol. 14 : 2601 2610.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 2601-2610
    • Sanou, H.1    Lovett, P.N.2    Bouvet, J.-M.3
  • 93
    • 0027370038 scopus 로고
    • The population structure in Daphnia obtusa- quantitative genetic and allozymic variation
    • Spitze, K. 1993. The population structure in Daphnia obtusa- quantitative genetic and allozymic variation. Genetics 135 : 367 374.
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.135 , pp. 367-374
    • Spitze, K.1
  • 94
    • 33746931202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative analysis of population structure of a forest tree, Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae), using microsatellite markers and quantitative traits
    • Steane, D.A., Conod, N., Jones, R.C., Vaillancourt, R.E. Potts, B.M. 2006. A comparative analysis of population structure of a forest tree, Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae), using microsatellite markers and quantitative traits. Tree Genet. Genomes 2 : 30 38.
    • (2006) Tree Genet. Genomes , vol.2 , pp. 30-38
    • Steane, D.A.1    Conod, N.2    Jones, R.C.3    Vaillancourt, R.E.4    Potts, B.M.5
  • 95
    • 0036900039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does natural selection promote population divergence? a comparative analysis of population structure using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers and quantitative traits
    • Steinger, T., Haldimann, P., Leiss, K.A. Muller-Schrärer, H. 2002. Does natural selection promote population divergence? A comparative analysis of population structure using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers and quantitative traits Mol. Ecol. 11 : 2583 2590.
    • (2002) Mol. Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 2583-2590
    • Steinger, T.1    Haldimann, P.2    Leiss, K.A.3    Muller-Schrärer, H.4
  • 96
    • 12444261781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variability in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana in northern Europe
    • Stenøien, H.K., Fenster, C.B., Tonteri, A. Savolainen, O. 2005. Genetic variability in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana in northern Europe. Mol. Ecol. 14 : 137 148.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 137-148
    • Stenøien, H.K.1    Fenster, C.B.2    Tonteri, A.3    Savolainen, O.4
  • 97
    • 0036899923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting patterns of divergence in quantitative traits and neutral DNA markers: Analysis of clinal variation
    • Storz, J.F. 2002. Contrasting patterns of divergence in quantitative traits and neutral DNA markers: analysis of clinal variation. Mol. Ecol. 11 : 2537 2551.
    • (2002) Mol. Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 2537-2551
    • Storz, J.F.1
  • 99
    • 0037098178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How should meta-regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted?
    • Thompson, S.G. Higgins, J.P.T. 2002. How should meta-regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted? Statist. Med. 21 : 1559 1573.
    • (2002) Statist. Med. , vol.21 , pp. 1559-1573
    • Thompson, S.G.1    Higgins, J.P.T.2
  • 100
    • 33646768622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric and meristic variation between stocks of Blue fish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the Black, Marmara, Aegean and northeastern Mediterranean seas
    • Turan, C., Oral, M., Özturk, B Duzgunes, E. 2006. Morphometric and meristic variation between stocks of Blue fish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the Black, Marmara, Aegean and northeastern Mediterranean seas. Fish. Res. 79 : 139 147.
    • (2006) Fish. Res. , vol.79 , pp. 139-147
    • Turan, C.1    Oral, M.2    Özturk, B.3    Duzgunes, E.4
  • 101
    • 33644692857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges for identifying functionally important genetic variation: The promise of combining complementary research strategies
    • Vasemagi, A. Primmer, C.R. 2005. Challenges for identifying functionally important genetic variation: the promise of combining complementary research strategies. Mol. Ecol. 14 : 3623 3642.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 3623-3642
    • Vasemagi, A.1    Primmer, C.R.2
  • 103
    • 0031949827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of quantitative genetic variation and allozyme diversity within and between populations of Scabiosa canescens and S. columbaria
    • Waldmann, P. Andersson, S. 1998. Comparison of quantitative genetic variation and allozyme diversity within and between populations of Scabiosa canescens and S. columbaria. Heredity 81 : 79 86.
    • (1998) Heredity , vol.81 , pp. 79-86
    • Waldmann, P.1    Andersson, S.2
  • 104
    • 0032850650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilocus and multitrait differentiation of populations of the locally rare plant Scabiosa canescens and the more common S. columbaria
    • Waldmann, P. Andersson, S. 1999. Multilocus and multitrait differentiation of populations of the locally rare plant Scabiosa canescens and the more common S. columbaria. Hereditas 130 : 341 343.
    • (1999) Hereditas , vol.130 , pp. 341-343
    • Waldmann, P.1    Andersson, S.2
  • 105
    • 20444480694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing Bayesian estimates of genetic differentiation of molecular markers and quantitative traits: An application to Pinus sylvestris
    • Waldmann, P., García-Gil, M.R. Sillanpää, M.J. 2005. Comparing Bayesian estimates of genetic differentiation of molecular markers and quantitative traits: an application to Pinus sylvestris. Heredity 94 : 623 629.
    • (2005) Heredity , vol.94 , pp. 623-629
    • Waldmann, P.1    García-Gil, M.R.2    Sillanpää, M.J.3
  • 106
    • 33645754491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral and adaptive variation in gene expression
    • Whitehead, A. Crawford, D.L. 2006. Neutral and adaptive variation in gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 : 5425 5430.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.103 , pp. 5425-5430
    • Whitehead, A.1    Crawford, D.L.2
  • 107
    • 0033382484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral additive genetic variance in a metapopulation
    • Whitlock, M.C. 1999. Neutral additive genetic variance in a metapopulation. Genet. Res. 74 : 215 221.
    • (1999) Genet. Res. , vol.74 , pp. 215-221
    • Whitlock, M.C.1
  • 108
    • 0033844436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The exquisite corpse: A shifting view of the shifting balance
    • Whitlock, M.C. Phillips, P.C. 2000. The exquisite corpse: a shifting view of the shifting balance. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15 : 347 348.
    • (2000) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 347-348
    • Whitlock, M.C.1    Phillips, P.C.2
  • 109
    • 0036842632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population divergence of genetic (co)variance matrices in a subdivided plant species, Brassica cretica
    • Widen, B., Andersson, S., Rao, G.-Y. Widen, M. 2003. Population divergence of genetic (co)variance matrices in a subdivided plant species, Brassica cretica. J. Evol. Biol. 15 : 961 970.
    • (2003) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 961-970
    • Widen, B.1    Andersson, S.2    Rao, G.-Y.3    Widen, M.4
  • 110
    • 0015727259 scopus 로고
    • Symbolic description of factorial models for analysis of variance
    • Wilkinson, G. Rogers, C.E. 1973. Symbolic description of factorial models for analysis of variance. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C Appl. Stat. 22 : 392 399.
    • (1973) J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C Appl. Stat. , vol.22 , pp. 392-399
    • Wilkinson, G.1    Rogers, C.E.2
  • 111
    • 33847017592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic isolation of fragmented populations is exacerbated by drift and selection
    • Willi, Y., Van Buskirk, J., Schmid, B. Fischer, M. 2007. Genetic isolation of fragmented populations is exacerbated by drift and selection. J. Evol. Biol. 20 : 534 542.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 534-542
    • Willi, Y.1    Van Buskirk, J.2    Schmid, B.3    Fischer, M.4
  • 112
    • 33751345572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection in a cycling population: Differential response among skeletal traits
    • Wojcik, A.M., Polly, P.D., Sikorski, M.D. Wojcik, J.M. 2006. Selection in a cycling population: differential response among skeletal traits. Evolution 60 : 1925 1935.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 1925-1935
    • Wojcik, A.M.1    Polly, P.D.2    Sikorski, M.D.3    Wojcik, J.M.4
  • 113
    • 84890417804 scopus 로고
    • The genetic structure of populations
    • Wright, S. 1951. The genetic structure of populations. Ann. Eugenics 15 : 323 354.
    • (1951) Ann. Eugenics , vol.15 , pp. 323-354
    • Wright, S.1
  • 115
    • 24944527490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation for neutral markers is correlated with variation for quantitative traits in the plant pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola
    • Zhan, J., Linde, C.C., Jürgens, T., Merz, U., Steinebrunner, F. McDonald, B.A. 2005. Variation for neutral markers is correlated with variation for quantitative traits in the plant pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola. Mol. Ecol. 14 : 2683 2693.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 2683-2693
    • Zhan, J.1    Linde, C.C.2    Jürgens, T.3    Merz, U.4    Steinebrunner, F.5    McDonald, B.A.6
  • 116
    • 33745238361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection for increased cyproconazole tolerance in Mycosphaerella graminicola through local adaptation and in response to host resistance
    • Zhan, J., Stefanato, F.L. McDonald, B.A. 2006. Selection for increased cyproconazole tolerance in Mycosphaerella graminicola through local adaptation and in response to host resistance. Mol. Plant Pathol. 7 : 259 268.
    • (2006) Mol. Plant Pathol. , vol.7 , pp. 259-268
    • Zhan, J.1    Stefanato, F.L.2    McDonald, B.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.