메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue , 2009, Pages 1242-1259

Statins in neurological disorders: Mechanisms and therapeutic value

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid beta; Cholesterol; Inflammation; Statins; Stroke

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN E; ATORVASTATIN; DONEPEZIL; FLUINDOSTATIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; MEVINOLIN; PRAVASTATIN; RHO GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENT;

EID: 73949093728     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1537744X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2009.141     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (41)

References (166)
  • 1
    • 0033984125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolving role of statins in the management of atherosclerosis
    • Vaughan, C.J., Gotto, A.M., Jr., and Basson, C.T. (2000) The evolving role of statins in the management of atherosclerosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 35, 1-10.
    • (2000) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.35 , pp. 1-10
    • Vaughan, C.J.1    Gotto Jr., A.M.2    Basson, C.T.3
  • 2
    • 0037490080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Law, M.R., Wald, N.J., and Rudnicka, A.R. (2003) Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 326, 1423.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 1423
    • Law, M.R.1    Wald, N.J.2    Rudnicka, A.R.3
  • 3
    • 0033596281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of statins on risk of coronary disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • LaRosa, J.C., He, J., and Vupputuri, S. (1999) Effect of statins on risk of coronary disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 282, 2340-2346.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 2340-2346
    • LaRosa, J.C.1    He, J.2    Vupputuri, S.3
  • 4
    • 0035804846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: The MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial
    • Schwartz, G.G., Olsson, A.G., Ezekowitz, M.D., Ganz, P., Oliver, M.F., Waters, D., Zeiher, A., Chaitman, B.R., Leslie, S., and Stern, T. (2001) Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 285, 1711-1718.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1711-1718
    • Schwartz, G.G.1    Olsson, A.G.2    Ezekowitz, M.D.3    Ganz, P.4    Oliver, M.F.5    Waters, D.6    Zeiher, A.7    Chaitman, B.R.8    Leslie, S.9    Stern, T.10
  • 6
    • 0346749450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors protect cortical neurons from excitotoxicity
    • Zacco, A., Togo, J., Spence, K., Ellis, A., Lloyd, D., Furlong, S., and Piser, T. (2003) 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors protect cortical neurons from excitotoxicity. J. Neurosci. 23, 11104-11111.
    • (2003) J. Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 11104-11111
    • Zacco, A.1    Togo, J.2    Spence, K.3    Ellis, A.4    Lloyd, D.5    Furlong, S.6    Piser, T.7
  • 7
    • 2642559507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the laboratory: Clinical implications for statin pleiotropy
    • Halcox, J.P. and Deanfield, J.E. (2004) Beyond the laboratory: clinical implications for statin pleiotropy. Circulation 109, II42-II48.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109
    • Halcox, J.P.1    Deanfield, J.E.2
  • 9
    • 67649252917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of statins and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study
    • Cramer, C., Haan, M.N., Galea, S., Langa, K.M., and Kalbfleisch, J.D. (2008) Use of statins and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study. Neurology 71, 344-350.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 344-350
    • Cramer, C.1    Haan, M.N.2    Galea, S.3    Langa, K.M.4    Kalbfleisch, J.D.5
  • 10
    • 0030941803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SREBP pathway: Regulation of cholesterol metabolism by proteolysis of a membrane-bound transcription factor
    • Brown, M.S. and Goldstein, J.L. (1997) The SREBP pathway: regulation of cholesterol metabolism by proteolysis of a membrane-bound transcription factor. Cell 89, 331-340.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.89 , pp. 331-340
    • Brown, M.S.1    Goldstein, J.L.2
  • 11
    • 0033613147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proteolytic pathway that controls the cholesterol content of membranes, cells, and blood
    • Brown, M.S. and Goldstein, J.L. (1999) A proteolytic pathway that controls the cholesterol content of membranes, cells, and blood. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96, 11041-11048.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.96 , pp. 11041-11048
    • Brown, M.S.1    Goldstein, J.L.2
  • 12
    • 0035843962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural mechanism for statin inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
    • Istvan, E.S. and Deisenhofer, J. (2001) Structural mechanism for statin inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. Science 292, 1160-1164.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 1160-1164
    • Istvan, E.S.1    Deisenhofer, J.2
  • 13
    • 0035881018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achieving and maintaining National Cholesterol Education Program low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals with five statins
    • Andrews, T.C., Ballantyne, C.M., Hsia, J.A., and Kramer, J.H. (2001) Achieving and maintaining National Cholesterol Education Program low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals with five statins. Am. J. Med. 111, 185-191.
    • (2001) Am. J. Med , vol.111 , pp. 185-191
    • Andrews, T.C.1    Ballantyne, C.M.2    Hsia, J.A.3    Kramer, J.H.4
  • 14
    • 0027987849 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4s)
    • Anon
    • Anon. (1994) Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4s). Lancet 344, 1383-1389.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1383-1389
  • 15
    • 0036222207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of statins by filamentous fungi and application of these cholesterol-lowering drugs
    • Manzoni, M. and Rollini, M. (2002) Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of statins by filamentous fungi and application of these cholesterol-lowering drugs. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 58, 555-564.
    • (2002) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol , vol.58 , pp. 555-564
    • Manzoni, M.1    Rollini, M.2
  • 16
    • 13444251203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins: An update
    • Schachter, M. (2005) Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins: an update. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 19, 117-125.
    • (2005) Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 117-125
    • Schachter, M.1
  • 17
    • 67449108484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, effectiveness and real life goal attainment of statins in managing cardiovascular risk
    • Goldenberg, N. and Glueck, C. (2009) Efficacy, effectiveness and real life goal attainment of statins in managing cardiovascular risk. Vasc. Health Risk Manag. 5, 369-376.
    • (2009) Vasc. Health Risk Manag , vol.5 , pp. 369-376
    • Goldenberg, N.1    Glueck, C.2
  • 19
    • 33847099636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the oxidative metabolism of statins: An application of the MetaSite algorithm
    • Caron, G., Ermondi, G., and Testa, B. (2007) Predicting the oxidative metabolism of statins: an application of the MetaSite algorithm. Pharm. Res. 24, 480-501.
    • (2007) Pharm. Res , vol.24 , pp. 480-501
    • Caron, G.1    Ermondi, G.2    Testa, B.3
  • 20
    • 0037319739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin effects beyond lipid-lowering - are they clinically relevant?
    • Bonetti, P.O., Lerman, L.O., Napoli, C., and Lerman, A. (2003) Statin effects beyond lipid-lowering - are they clinically relevant? Eur. Heart J. 24, 225-248.
    • (2003) Eur. Heart J , vol.24 , pp. 225-248
    • Bonetti, P.O.1    Lerman, L.O.2    Napoli, C.3    Lerman, A.4
  • 21
    • 23944445364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of statins on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibition beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
    • Liao, J.K. (2005) Effects of statins on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibition beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Am. J. Cardiol. 96, 24F-33F.
    • (2005) Am. J. Cardiol , vol.96
    • Liao, J.K.1
  • 23
    • 0035192759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-oxidative properties of fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, contribute to prevention of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits
    • Rikitake, Y., Kawashima, S., Takeshita, S., Yamashita, T., Azumi, H., Yasuhara, M., Nishi, H., Inoue, N., and Yokoyama, M. (2001) Anti-oxidative properties of fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, contribute to prevention of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis 154, 87-96.
    • (2001) Atherosclerosis , vol.154 , pp. 87-96
    • Rikitake, Y.1    Kawashima, S.2    Takeshita, S.3    Yamashita, T.4    Azumi, H.5    Yasuhara, M.6    Nishi, H.7    Inoue, N.8    Yokoyama, M.9
  • 24
    • 0033586472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production by pravastatin
    • Rosenson, R.S., Tangney, C.C., and Casey, L.C. (1999) Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production by pravastatin. Lancet 353, 983-984.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 983-984
    • Rosenson, R.S.1    Tangney, C.C.2    Casey, L.C.3
  • 25
    • 0036633659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human abdominal aortic aneurysm wall
    • Nagashima, H., Aoka, Y., Sakomura, Y., Sakuta, A., Aomi, S., Ishizuka, N., Hagiwara, N., Kawana, M., and Kasanuki, H. (2002) A 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human abdominal aortic aneurysm wall. J. Vasc. Surg. 36, 158-163.
    • (2002) J. Vasc. Surg , vol.36 , pp. 158-163
    • Nagashima, H.1    Aoka, Y.2    Sakomura, Y.3    Sakuta, A.4    Aomi, S.5    Ishizuka, N.6    Hagiwara, N.7    Kawana, M.8    Kasanuki, H.9
  • 26
    • 18444364236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-independent effects of statins in inflammation, immunomodulation and atherosclerosis
    • Arnaud, C., Veillard, N.R., and Mach, F. (2005) Cholesterol-independent effects of statins in inflammation, immunomodulation and atherosclerosis. Curr. Drug Targets 5, 127-134.
    • (2005) Curr. Drug Targets , vol.5 , pp. 127-134
    • Arnaud, C.1    Veillard, N.R.2    Mach, F.3
  • 28
    • 41749108172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro anti-oxidant and DNA protective effects of the novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin
    • Ajith, T.A., Riji, T., and Anu, V. (2008) In vitro anti-oxidant and DNA protective effects of the novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 35, 625-629.
    • (2008) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol , vol.35 , pp. 625-629
    • Ajith, T.A.1    Riji, T.2    Anu, V.3
  • 29
    • 0031050342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced susceptibility of LDL to lipid peroxidation after fluvastatin therapy is associated with the hypocholesterolemic effect of the drug and its binding to the LDL
    • Hussein, O., Schlezinger, S., and Rosenblat, M. (1997) Reduced susceptibility of LDL to lipid peroxidation after fluvastatin therapy is associated with the hypocholesterolemic effect of the drug and its binding to the LDL. Atherosclerosis 128, 11-18.
    • (1997) Atherosclerosis , vol.128 , pp. 11-18
    • Hussein, O.1    Schlezinger, S.2    Rosenblat, M.3
  • 30
    • 0027492038 scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin inhibits the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins by activated human monocyte derived macrophages
    • Giroux, L.M., Davignon, J., and Naruszewicz, M. (1993) Simvastatin inhibits the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins by activated human monocyte derived macrophages. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1165, 335-338.
    • (1993) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1165 , pp. 335-338
    • Giroux, L.M.1    Davignon, J.2    Naruszewicz, M.3
  • 31
    • 0033002575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin decreases aldehyde production derived from lipoprotein oxidation
    • Girona, J., La Ville, A.E., and Sola, R. (1999) Simvastatin decreases aldehyde production derived from lipoprotein oxidation. Am. J. Cardiol. 83, 846-851.
    • (1999) Am. J. Cardiol , vol.83 , pp. 846-851
    • Girona, J.1    La Ville, A.E.2    Sola, R.3
  • 32
    • 0025120211 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the mevalonate pathway
    • Goldstein, J.L. and Brown, M.S. (1990) Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature 343, 425-430.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 425-430
    • Goldstein, J.L.1    Brown, M.S.2
  • 33
    • 0029898894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein prenylation: Molecular mechanisms and functional consequences
    • Zhang, F.L. and Casey, P.J. (1996) Protein prenylation: molecular mechanisms and functional consequences. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65, 241-269.
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Biochem , vol.65 , pp. 241-269
    • Zhang, F.L.1    Casey, P.J.2
  • 34
    • 34347369084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-translational modifications and regulation of the RAS superfamily of GTPases as anticancer targets
    • Konstantinopoulos, P.A., Karamouzis, M.V., and Papavassiliou, A.G. (2007) Post-translational modifications and regulation of the RAS superfamily of GTPases as anticancer targets. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 6, 541-555.
    • (2007) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov , vol.6 , pp. 541-555
    • Konstantinopoulos, P.A.1    Karamouzis, M.V.2    Papavassiliou, A.G.3
  • 36
    • 0032557526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple signalling pathways lead to the activation of the nuclear factor kappaB by the Rho family of GTPases
    • Montaner, S., Perona, R., Saniger, L., and Lacal, J.C. (1998) Multiple signalling pathways lead to the activation of the nuclear factor kappaB by the Rho family of GTPases. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 12779-12785.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 12779-12785
    • Montaner, S.1    Perona, R.2    Saniger, L.3    Lacal, J.C.4
  • 40
    • 36349023095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine regulation of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase: Roles of RAC1 and beta3-adrenergic receptors in endothelial NO signaling
    • Kou, R. and Michel, T. (2007) Epinephrine regulation of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase: roles of RAC1 and beta3-adrenergic receptors in endothelial NO signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 32719-32729.
    • (2007) J. Biol. Chem , vol.282 , pp. 32719-32729
    • Kou, R.1    Michel, T.2
  • 41
    • 27644469148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin and losartan enhance nitric oxide and reduce oxidative stress in salt-induced hypertension
    • Bayorh, M.A., Ganafa, A.A., Eatman, D., Walton, M., and Feuerstein, G.Z. (2005) Simvastatin and losartan enhance nitric oxide and reduce oxidative stress in salt-induced hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 18, 1496-1502.
    • (2005) Am. J. Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 1496-1502
    • Bayorh, M.A.1    Ganafa, A.A.2    Eatman, D.3    Walton, M.4    Feuerstein, G.Z.5
  • 43
    • 0035122832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of geranylgeranylation reduces angiotensin II-mediated free radical production in vascular smooth muscle cells: Involvement of angiotensin AT1 receptor expression and Rac1 GTPase
    • Wassmann, S., Laufs, U., Baumer, A.T., Muller, K., Konkol, C., Sauer, H., Bohm, M., and Nickenig, G. (2001) Inhibition of geranylgeranylation reduces angiotensin II-mediated free radical production in vascular smooth muscle cells: involvement of angiotensin AT1 receptor expression and Rac1 GTPase. Mol. Pharmacol. 59, 646-654.
    • (2001) Mol. Pharmacol , vol.59 , pp. 646-654
    • Wassmann, S.1    Laufs, U.2    Baumer, A.T.3    Muller, K.4    Konkol, C.5    Sauer, H.6    Bohm, M.7    Nickenig, G.8
  • 44
    • 0035571607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor by hydrophobic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Ichiki, T., Takeda, K., Tokunou, T., Iino, N., Egashira, K., Shimokawa, H., Hirano, K., Kanaide, H., and Takeshita, A. (2001) Downregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor by hydrophobic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 21, 1896-1901.
    • (2001) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.21 , pp. 1896-1901
    • Ichiki, T.1    Takeda, K.2    Tokunou, T.3    Iino, N.4    Egashira, K.5    Shimokawa, H.6    Hirano, K.7    Kanaide, H.8    Takeshita, A.9
  • 45
    • 34247093334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and the vascular endothelium
    • Moncada, S. and Higgs, E.A. (2006) Nitric oxide and the vascular endothelium. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 176, 213-254.
    • (2006) Handb. Exp. Pharmacol , vol.176 , pp. 213-254
    • Moncada, S.1    Higgs, E.A.2
  • 46
    • 33749433931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many antithrombotic actions of nitric oxide
    • Tziros, C. and Freedman, J.E. (2006) The many antithrombotic actions of nitric oxide. Curr. Drug Targets 7, 1243-1251.
    • (2006) Curr. Drug Targets , vol.7 , pp. 1243-1251
    • Tziros, C.1    Freedman, J.E.2
  • 47
    • 0037304922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: The Cinderella of inflammation?
    • Cirino, G., Fiorucci, S., and Sessa, W.C. (2003) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: the Cinderella of inflammation? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 91-95.
    • (2003) Trends Pharmacol. Sci , vol.24 , pp. 91-95
    • Cirino, G.1    Fiorucci, S.2    Sessa, W.C.3
  • 48
    • 0032910873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide. I. Physiological .chemistry of nitric oxide and its metabolites: Implications in inflammation
    • Grisham, M.B., Jourd'Heuil, D., and Wink, D.A. (1999) Nitric oxide. I. Physiological .chemistry of nitric oxide and its metabolites: implications in inflammation. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 276, G315-G321.
    • (1999) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol , vol.276
    • Grisham, M.B.1    Jourd'Heuil, D.2    Wink, D.A.3
  • 49
    • 0035312651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability after lipid-lowering therapy with cerivastatin within two weeks
    • John, S., Delles, C., Jacobi, J., Schlaich, M.P., Schneider, M., Schmitz, G., and Schmieder, R.E. (2001) Rapid improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability after lipid-lowering therapy with cerivastatin within two weeks. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 37, 1351-1358.
    • (2001) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.37 , pp. 1351-1358
    • John, S.1    Delles, C.2    Jacobi, J.3    Schlaich, M.P.4    Schneider, M.5    Schmitz, G.6    Schmieder, R.E.7
  • 50
    • 0035726268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors upregulate inducible NO synthase expression and activity in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Kolyada, A.Y., Fedtsov, A., and Madias, N.E. (2001) 3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors upregulate inducible NO synthase expression and activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 38, 1024-1029.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.38 , pp. 1024-1029
    • Kolyada, A.Y.1    Fedtsov, A.2    Madias, N.E.3
  • 51
    • 0033664617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluvastatin upregulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in cytokine-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Chen, H., Ikeda, U., Shimpo, M., Ikeda, M., Minota, S., and Shimada, K. (2000) Fluvastatin upregulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in cytokine-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 36, 923-928.
    • (2000) Hypertension , vol.36 , pp. 923-928
    • Chen, H.1    Ikeda, U.2    Shimpo, M.3    Ikeda, M.4    Minota, S.5    Shimada, K.6
  • 52
    • 33644694919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rho GTPases, statins, and nitric oxide
    • Rikitake, Y. and Liao, J.K. (2005) Rho GTPases, statins, and nitric oxide. Circ. Res. 97, 1232-1235.
    • (2005) Circ. Res , vol.97 , pp. 1232-1235
    • Rikitake, Y.1    Liao, J.K.2
  • 53
    • 0032555154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase
    • Endres, M., Laufs, U., Huang, Z., Nakamura, T., Huang, P., Moskowitz, M.A., and Liao, J.K. (1998) Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 8880-8885.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.95 , pp. 8880-8885
    • Endres, M.1    Laufs, U.2    Huang, Z.3    Nakamura, T.4    Huang, P.5    Moskowitz, M.A.6    Liao, J.K.7
  • 54
    • 0033800718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin upregulates type III nitric oxide synthase in thrombocytes, decreases platelet activation, and protects from cerebral ischemia in normocholesterolemic mice
    • Laufs, U., Gertz, K., Huang, P., Nickenig, G., Bohm, M., Dirnagl, U., and Endres, M. (2000) Atorvastatin upregulates type III nitric oxide synthase in thrombocytes, decreases platelet activation, and protects from cerebral ischemia in normocholesterolemic mice. Stroke 31, 2442-2449.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2442-2449
    • Laufs, U.1    Gertz, K.2    Huang, P.3    Nickenig, G.4    Bohm, M.5    Dirnagl, U.6    Endres, M.7
  • 56
    • 0032757209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin reduces NF- B activation and chemokine expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and mononuclear cells
    • Ortego, M., Bustos, C., Hernandez-Presa, M.A., Tunon, J., Diaz, C., Hernandez, G., and Egido, J. (1999) Atorvastatin reduces NF- B activation and chemokine expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and mononuclear cells. Atherosclerosis 147, 253-261.
    • (1999) Atherosclerosis , vol.147 , pp. 253-261
    • Ortego, M.1    Bustos, C.2    Hernandez-Presa, M.A.3    Tunon, J.4    Diaz, C.5    Hernandez, G.6    Egido, J.7
  • 57
    • 0036430006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct in vivo evidence of a vascular statin: A single dose of cerivastatin rapidly increases vascular endothelial responsiveness in healthy normocholesterolaemic subjects
    • Omori, H., Nagashima, H., Tsurumi, Y., Takagi, A., Ishizuka, N., Hagiwara, N., Kawana, M., and Kasanuki, H. (2002) Direct in vivo evidence of a vascular statin: a single dose of cerivastatin rapidly increases vascular endothelial responsiveness in healthy normocholesterolaemic subjects. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 54, 395-399.
    • (2002) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 395-399
    • Omori, H.1    Nagashima, H.2    Tsurumi, Y.3    Takagi, A.4    Ishizuka, N.5    Hagiwara, N.6    Kawana, M.7    Kasanuki, H.8
  • 58
    • 0032753626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin increases ecNOS levels in human platelets of hyperlipidemic subjects
    • Tannous, M., Cheung, R., Vignini, A., and Mutus, B. (1999) Atorvastatin increases ecNOS levels in human platelets of hyperlipidemic subjects. Thromb. Haemost. 82, 1390-1394.
    • (1999) Thromb. Haemost , vol.82 , pp. 1390-1394
    • Tannous, M.1    Cheung, R.2    Vignini, A.3    Mutus, B.4
  • 60
    • 15944377914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with statins in the acute phase of ischemic stroke
    • Montaner, J. (2005) Treatment with statins in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Expert Rev. Neurother. 5, 211-221.
    • (2005) Expert Rev. Neurother , vol.5 , pp. 211-221
    • Montaner, J.1
  • 63
    • 0042023711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease in the US population: Prevalence estimates using the 2000 census
    • Hebert, L.E., Scherr, P.A., Bienias, J.L., Bennet, D.A., and Evans, D.A. (2003) Alzheimer's disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Arch. Neurol. 60, 1119-1122.
    • (2003) Arch. Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 1119-1122
    • Hebert, L.E.1    Scherr, P.A.2    Bienias, J.L.3    Bennet, D.A.4    Evans, D.A.5
  • 64
    • 0034049944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteolytic processing and cell biological functions of the amyloid precursor protein
    • De Strooper, B. and Annaert, W. (2000) Proteolytic processing and cell biological functions of the amyloid precursor protein. J. Cell Sci. 113, 1857-1870.
    • (2000) J. Cell Sci , vol.113 , pp. 1857-1870
    • De Strooper, B.1    Annaert, W.2
  • 66
    • 57649221135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid precursor protein trafficking, processing, and function
    • Thinakaran, G. and Koo, E.H. (2008). Amyloid precursor protein trafficking, processing, and function. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 29615-29619.
    • (2008) J. Biol. Chem , vol.283 , pp. 29615-29619
    • Thinakaran, G.1    Koo, E.H.2
  • 67
    • 0029844205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human apolipoprotein E: The Alzheimer's disease connection
    • Weisgraber, K.H. and Mahley, R.W. (1996) Human apolipoprotein E: the Alzheimer's disease connection. FASEB J. 10, 1485-1494.
    • (1996) FASEB J , vol.10 , pp. 1485-1494
    • Weisgraber, K.H.1    Mahley, R.W.2
  • 71
    • 33745739157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating cholesterol levels, apolipoprotein E genotype and dementia severity influence the benefit of atorvastatin treatment in Alzheimer's disease: Results of the Alzheimer's Disease Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment (ADCLT) trial
    • Sparks, D.L., Connor, D.J., Sabbagh, M.N., Petersen, R.B., Lopez, J., and Browne, P. (2006) Circulating cholesterol levels, apolipoprotein E genotype and dementia severity influence the benefit of atorvastatin treatment in Alzheimer's disease: results of the Alzheimer's Disease Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment (ADCLT) trial. Acta Neurol. Scand. 185, 3-7.
    • (2006) Acta Neurol. Scand , vol.185 , pp. 3-7
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Connor, D.J.2    Sabbagh, M.N.3    Petersen, R.B.4    Lopez, J.5    Browne, P.6
  • 74
    • 57549113510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel reciprocal and biphasic relationship between membrane cholesterol and beta-secretase activity in SH-SY5Y cells and in human platelets
    • Liu, W.W., Todd, S., Coulson, D.T., Irvine, G.B., Passmore, A.P., McGuinness, B., McConville, M., Craig, D., and Johnston, J.A. (2009) A novel reciprocal and biphasic relationship between membrane cholesterol and beta-secretase activity in SH-SY5Y cells and in human platelets. J. Neurochem. 108, 341-349.
    • (2009) J. Neurochem , vol.108 , pp. 341-349
    • Liu, W.W.1    Todd, S.2    Coulson, D.T.3    Irvine, G.B.4    Passmore, A.P.5    McGuinness, B.6    McConville, M.7    Craig, D.8    Johnston, J.A.9
  • 75
    • 0037421206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloidogenic processing of the Alzheimer β-amyloid precursor protein depends on lipid rafts
    • Ehehalt, R., Keller, P., Haass, C., Thiele, C., and Simons, K. (2003) Amyloidogenic processing of the Alzheimer β-amyloid precursor protein depends on lipid rafts. J. Cell Biol. 160, 113-123.
    • (2003) J. Cell Biol , vol.160 , pp. 113-123
    • Ehehalt, R.1    Keller, P.2    Haass, C.3    Thiele, C.4    Simons, K.5
  • 78
    • 45549093275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent inhibition of Alzheimer disease beta- and gamma-secretase cleavage by lowered cholesterol levels
    • Grimm, M.O., Grimm, H.S., Tomic, I., Beyreuther, K., Hartmann, T., and Bergmann, C. (2008) Independent inhibition of Alzheimer disease beta- and gamma-secretase cleavage by lowered cholesterol levels. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 11302-11311.
    • (2008) J. Biol. Chem , vol.283 , pp. 11302-11311
    • Grimm, M.O.1    Grimm, H.S.2    Tomic, I.3    Beyreuther, K.4    Hartmann, T.5    Bergmann, C.6
  • 79
    • 0029671454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol modulates α-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein
    • Bodovitz, S. and Klein, W.L. (1996) Cholesterol modulates α-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 4436-4440.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem , vol.271 , pp. 4436-4440
    • Bodovitz, S.1    Klein, W.L.2
  • 80
    • 0035826909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low cholesterol stimulates the nonamyloidogenic pathway by its effect on the alpha-secretase ADAM 10
    • Kojro, E., Gimple, G., Lammich, S., März, W., and Fahrenholz, F. (2001) Low cholesterol stimulates the nonamyloidogenic pathway by its effect on the alpha-secretase ADAM 10. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98, 5815-5820.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.98 , pp. 5815-5820
    • Kojro, E.1    Gimple, G.2    Lammich, S.3    März, W.4    Fahrenholz, F.5
  • 82
    • 0036550239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological concentrations of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin decrease the formation of the Alzheimer -amyloid peptide in vitro and in patients
    • Buxbaum, J.D., Cullen, E.I., and Friedhoff, L.T. (2002) Pharmacological concentrations of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin decrease the formation of the Alzheimer -amyloid peptide in vitro and in patients. Front. Biosci. 7, a50-a59.
    • (2002) Front. Biosci , vol.7
    • Buxbaum, J.D.1    Cullen, E.I.2    Friedhoff, L.T.3
  • 83
    • 4143063543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin-induced activation of Alzheimer's alpha secretase is resistant to standard inhibitors of protein phosphorylation-regulated ectodomain shedding
    • Parvathy, S., Ehrlich, M., Pedrini, S., Diaz, N., Refolo, L., Buxbaum, J.D., Bogush, A., Petanceska, S., and Gandy, S. (2004) Atorvastatin-induced activation of Alzheimer's alpha secretase is resistant to standard inhibitors of protein phosphorylation-regulated ectodomain shedding. J. Neurochem. 90, 1005-1010.
    • (2004) J. Neurochem , vol.90 , pp. 1005-1010
    • Parvathy, S.1    Ehrlich, M.2    Pedrini, S.3    Diaz, N.4    Refolo, L.5    Buxbaum, J.D.6    Bogush, A.7    Petanceska, S.8    Gandy, S.9
  • 85
    • 12144261198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors attenuate beta-amyloid-induced microglial inflammatory responses
    • Cordle, A. and Landreth, G. (2005) 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors attenuate beta-amyloid-induced microglial inflammatory responses. J. Neurosci. 25, 299-307.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 299-307
    • Cordle, A.1    Landreth, G.2
  • 86
    • 0345275964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of aortic atherosclerosis with cerebral beta amyloidosis and learning defects in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Li, L., Cao, D., Garber, D.W., Kim, H., and Fukuchi, K. (2003) Association of aortic atherosclerosis with cerebral beta amyloidosis and learning defects in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Pathol. 163, 2155-2164.
    • (2003) Am. J. Pathol , vol.163 , pp. 2155-2164
    • Li, L.1    Cao, D.2    Garber, D.W.3    Kim, H.4    Fukuchi, K.5
  • 88
    • 0029888944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraneuronal beta-amyloid immunoreactivity in the CNS
    • Sparks, D.L. (1996) Intraneuronal beta-amyloid immunoreactivity in the CNS. Neurobiol. Aging 17, 291-299.
    • (1996) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.17 , pp. 291-299
    • Sparks, D.L.1
  • 89
    • 68149148938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin improves cerebrovascular function and counters soluble amyloid-beta, inflammation and oxidative stress in aged APP mice
    • Tong, X.K., Nicolakakis, N., Fernandes, P., Ongali, B., Brouillette, J., Quirion, R., and Hamel, E. (2009) Simvastatin improves cerebrovascular function and counters soluble amyloid-beta, inflammation and oxidative stress in aged APP mice. Neurobiol. Dis. 35, 406-414.
    • (2009) Neurobiol. Dis , vol.35 , pp. 406-414
    • Tong, X.K.1    Nicolakakis, N.2    Fernandes, P.3    Ongali, B.4    Brouillette, J.5    Quirion, R.6    Hamel, E.7
  • 90
    • 33846048569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin enhances learning and memory independent of amyloid load in mice
    • Li, L., Cao, D., Kim, H., Lester, R., and Fukuchi, K. (2006) Simvastatin enhances learning and memory independent of amyloid load in mice. Ann. Neurol. 60, 729-739.
    • (2006) Ann. Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 729-739
    • Li, L.1    Cao, D.2    Kim, H.3    Lester, R.4    Fukuchi, K.5
  • 92
    • 4644308807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lovastatin and pravastatin on amyloid processing and inflammatory response in TgCRND8 brain
    • Chauhan, N.B., Siegel, G.J., and Feinstein, D.L. (2004) Effects of lovastatin and pravastatin on amyloid processing and inflammatory response in TgCRND8 brain. Neurochem. Res. 29, 1897-1911.
    • (2004) Neurochem. Res , vol.29 , pp. 1897-1911
    • Chauhan, N.B.1    Siegel, G.J.2    Feinstein, D.L.3
  • 96
    • 48649110601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: A systematic review of prospective studies with meta-analysis
    • Anstey, K.J., Lipnicki, D.M., and Low, L.F. (2008) Cholesterol as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: a systematic review of prospective studies with meta-analysis. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 16, 343-354.
    • (2008) Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry , vol.16 , pp. 343-354
    • Anstey, K.J.1    Lipnicki, D.M.2    Low, L.F.3
  • 97
    • 0035940542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol and neuropathologic markers of AD: A population-based autopsy study
    • Launer, L.J., White, L.R., Petrovitch, H., Ross, G.W., and Curb, J.D. (2001) Cholesterol and neuropathologic markers of AD: a population-based autopsy study. Neurology 57, 1447-1452.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1447-1452
    • Launer, L.J.1    White, L.R.2    Petrovitch, H.3    Ross, G.W.4    Curb, J.D.5
  • 101
    • 33745741303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological and clinical trials evidence about a preventive role for statins in Alzheimer's disease
    • Rockwood, K. (2006) Epidemiological and clinical trials evidence about a preventive role for statins in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 185, 71-77.
    • (2006) Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl , vol.185 , pp. 71-77
    • Rockwood, K.1
  • 102
    • 58249089520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam Study
    • Haag, M.D., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P.J., Stricker, B.H., and Breteler, M.M. (2009) Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam Study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 80, 13-17.
    • (2009) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.80 , pp. 13-17
    • Haag, M.D.1    Hofman, A.2    Koudstaal, P.J.3    Stricker, B.H.4    Breteler, M.M.5
  • 105
    • 34848835187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins reduce amyloid-beta production through inhibition of protein isoprenylation
    • Ostrowski, S.M., Wilkinson, B.L., Golde, T.E., and Landreth, G. (2007) Statins reduce amyloid-beta production through inhibition of protein isoprenylation. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 26832-26844.
    • (2007) J. Biol. Chem , vol.282 , pp. 26832-26844
    • Ostrowski, S.M.1    Wilkinson, B.L.2    Golde, T.E.3    Landreth, G.4
  • 106
    • 42549102658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lovastatin inhibits amyloid precursor protein (APP) beta-cleavage through reduction of APP distribution in Lubrol WX extractable low density lipid rafts
    • Won, J.S., Im, Y.B., Khan, M., Contreras, M., Singh, A.K., and Singh, I. (2008) Lovastatin inhibits amyloid precursor protein (APP) beta-cleavage through reduction of APP distribution in Lubrol WX extractable low density lipid rafts. J. Neurochem. 105, 1536-1549.
    • (2008) J. Neurochem , vol.105 , pp. 1536-1549
    • Won, J.S.1    Im, Y.B.2    Khan, M.3    Contreras, M.4    Singh, A.K.5    Singh, I.6
  • 107
    • 38049173483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate stimulates gamma-secretase to increase the generation of Abeta and APP-CTFgamma
    • Zhou, Y., Suram, A., Venugopal, C., Prakasam, A., Lin, S., Su, Y., Li, B., Paul, S.M., and Sambamurti, K. (2008) Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate stimulates gamma-secretase to increase the generation of Abeta and APP-CTFgamma. FASEB J. 22, 47-54.
    • (2008) FASEB J , vol.22 , pp. 47-54
    • Zhou, Y.1    Suram, A.2    Venugopal, C.3    Prakasam, A.4    Lin, S.5    Su, Y.6    Li, B.7    Paul, S.M.8    Sambamurti, K.9
  • 108
    • 21444445440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins cause intracellular accumulation of amyloid precursor protein, beta-secretase-cleaved fragments, and amyloid beta-peptide via an isoprenoid-dependent mechanism
    • Cole, S.L., Grudzien, A., Manhart, I.O., Kelly, B.L., Oakley, H., and Vassar, R. (2005) Statins cause intracellular accumulation of amyloid precursor protein, beta-secretase-cleaved fragments, and amyloid beta-peptide via an isoprenoid-dependent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 18755-18770.
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem , vol.280 , pp. 18755-18770
    • Cole, S.L.1    Grudzien, A.2    Manhart, I.O.3    Kelly, B.L.4    Oakley, H.5    Vassar, R.6
  • 112
    • 40649086183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jones, R.W., Kivipelto, M., Feldman, H., Sparks, L., Doody, R., Waters, D.D., Hey-Hadavi, J., Breazna, A., Schindler, R.J., Ramos, H., and LEADe investigators. (2008) The Atorvastatin/Donepezil in Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADe): design and baseline characteristics. Alzheimers Dement. 4, 145-153.
    • Jones, R.W., Kivipelto, M., Feldman, H., Sparks, L., Doody, R., Waters, D.D., Hey-Hadavi, J., Breazna, A., Schindler, R.J., Ramos, H., and LEADe investigators. (2008) The Atorvastatin/Donepezil in Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADe): design and baseline characteristics. Alzheimers Dement. 4, 145-153.
  • 113
    • 66349112615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-modifying strategies for Alzheimer's disease
    • Solomon, A. and Kivipelto, M. (2009) Cholesterol-modifying strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev. Neurother. 9, 695-709.
    • (2009) Expert Rev. Neurother , vol.9 , pp. 695-709
    • Solomon, A.1    Kivipelto, M.2
  • 115
    • 58349109631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Atorvastatin/Donepezil in Alzheimer's Disease (LEADe) study: Effect of atorvastatin on Alzheimer's disease progression by ApoE4 genotype
    • Presented at the, Chicago, IL, USA, 26-31 July Abstract
    • Sparks, D.L., Kivipelto, M., Doody, R., et al. (2008) The Atorvastatin/Donepezil in Alzheimer's Disease (LEADe) study: effect of atorvastatin on Alzheimer's disease progression by ApoE4 genotype. Presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease. Chicago, IL, USA, 26-31 July (Abstract).
    • (2008) Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Kivipelto, M.2    Doody, R.3
  • 116
    • 67650427264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of simvastatin to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease
    • Presented at the, Chicago, IL, USA, 26-31 July Abstract T200
    • Sano, M. (2008) Multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of simvastatin to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease. Chicago, IL, USA, 26-31 July (Abstract T200).
    • (2008) Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease
    • Sano, M.1
  • 117
    • 0032716264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antithrombotic effects of statins
    • Kearney, D. and Fitzgerald, D. (1999) The antithrombotic effects of statins. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 33, 1305-1307.
    • (1999) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 1305-1307
    • Kearney, D.1    Fitzgerald, D.2
  • 118
    • 0035826856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin depresses blood clotting by inhibiting activation of prothrombin, factor V, and factor XIII and by enhancing factor Va inactivation
    • Undas, A., Brummel, K.E., Musial, J., Mann, K.G., and Szczeklik, A. (2001) Simvastatin depresses blood clotting by inhibiting activation of prothrombin, factor V, and factor XIII and by enhancing factor Va inactivation. Circulation 103, 2248-2253.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 2248-2253
    • Undas, A.1    Brummel, K.E.2    Musial, J.3    Mann, K.G.4    Szczeklik, A.5
  • 119
    • 21544464772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin given for 3 days can inhibit thrombin generation and activation of factor V and enhance factor Va inactivation in hypercholesterolemic patients
    • Undas, A., Celinska-Lowenhoff, M., Brummel-Ziedins, K.E., Brozek, J., Szczeklik, A., and Mann, K.G. (2005) Simvastatin given for 3 days can inhibit thrombin generation and activation of factor V and enhance factor Va inactivation in hypercholesterolemic patients. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25, 1524-1525.
    • (2005) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.25 , pp. 1524-1525
    • Undas, A.1    Celinska-Lowenhoff, M.2    Brummel-Ziedins, K.E.3    Brozek, J.4    Szczeklik, A.5    Mann, K.G.6
  • 120
    • 0033786331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood rheology, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease: The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study
    • Lowe, G., Rumley, A., Norrie, J., Ford, I., Shepherd, J., Cobbe, S., Macfarlane, P., and Packard, C. (2000) Blood rheology, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease: the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Thromb. Haemost. 84, 553-558.
    • (2000) Thromb. Haemost , vol.84 , pp. 553-558
    • Lowe, G.1    Rumley, A.2    Norrie, J.3    Ford, I.4    Shepherd, J.5    Cobbe, S.6    Macfarlane, P.7    Packard, C.8
  • 121
    • 21244483036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of simvastatin therapy on hemorheological profile in coronary heart desease (CHD) patients
    • Muravyov, A.V., Yakusevich, V.V., Surovaya, L., and Petrochenko, A. (2004) The effect of simvastatin therapy on hemorheological profile in coronary heart desease (CHD) patients. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 31, 251-256.
    • (2004) Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc , vol.31 , pp. 251-256
    • Muravyov, A.V.1    Yakusevich, V.V.2    Surovaya, L.3    Petrochenko, A.4
  • 122
    • 33745956809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goldstein, L.B., Adams, R., Alberts, M.J., Appel, L.J., Brass, L.M., Bushnell, C.D., Culebras, A., DeGraba, T.J., Gorelick, P.B., Guyton, J.R., Hart, R.G., Howard, G., Kelly-Hayes, M., Nixon, J.V., Sacco, R.L., and American Heart Association; American Stroke Association Stroke Council (2006) Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 113, e873-923.
    • Goldstein, L.B., Adams, R., Alberts, M.J., Appel, L.J., Brass, L.M., Bushnell, C.D., Culebras, A., DeGraba, T.J., Gorelick, P.B., Guyton, J.R., Hart, R.G., Howard, G., Kelly-Hayes, M., Nixon, J.V., Sacco, R.L., and American Heart Association; American Stroke Association Stroke Council (2006) Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 113, e873-923.
  • 124
    • 67649218740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial function in lacunar infarction: A comparison of lacunar infarction, cerebral atherosclerosis and control group
    • Kim, J.S., Lee, H.S., Park, H.Y., Kim, S.S., Kang, H.G., Kim, N.H., Park, J.S., and Kim, Y. (2009) Endothelial function in lacunar infarction: a comparison of lacunar infarction, cerebral atherosclerosis and control group. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 28, 166-170.
    • (2009) Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.28 , pp. 166-170
    • Kim, J.S.1    Lee, H.S.2    Park, H.Y.3    Kim, S.S.4    Kang, H.G.5    Kim, N.H.6    Park, J.S.7    Kim, Y.8
  • 128
    • 0343102318 scopus 로고
    • Old cerebral hemorrhages in cases of multiple lacunar infarction found by magnetic resonance imaging
    • Miyashita, K., Naritomi, H., Nakamura, M., Kazui, S., and Sawada, T. (1991) Old cerebral hemorrhages in cases of multiple lacunar infarction found by magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 1, 321-326.
    • (1991) Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.1 , pp. 321-326
    • Miyashita, K.1    Naritomi, H.2    Nakamura, M.3    Kazui, S.4    Sawada, T.5
  • 129
    • 0033766844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and location of microbleeds in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Roob, G., Lechner, A., Schmidt, R., Flooh, E., Hartung, H.P., and Fazekas, F. (2000) Frequency and location of microbleeds in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 31, 2665-2669.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2665-2669
    • Roob, G.1    Lechner, A.2    Schmidt, R.3    Flooh, E.4    Hartung, H.P.5    Fazekas, F.6
  • 130
    • 33847184208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lacunar infarct or deep intracerebral hemorrhage, who gets which? The Northern Manhattan Study
    • Labovitz, D.L., Boden-Albala, B., Hauser, W.A., and Sacco, R.L. (2007) Lacunar infarct or deep intracerebral hemorrhage, who gets which? The Northern Manhattan Study. Neurology 68, 606-608.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 606-608
    • Labovitz, D.L.1    Boden-Albala, B.2    Hauser, W.A.3    Sacco, R.L.4
  • 131
    • 0343273397 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Prospective studies collaboration
    • Anon
    • Anon. (1995) Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Prospective studies collaboration. Lancet 346, 1647-1653.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1647-1653
  • 135
    • 56349149980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HDL-C and LDL-C: Their role in stroke pathogenesis and implications for treatment
    • Sanossian, N. and Tarlov, N.E. (2008) HDL-C and LDL-C: their role in stroke pathogenesis and implications for treatment. Curr. Treat. Options Cardiovasc. Med. 10, 195-206.
    • (2008) Curr. Treat. Options Cardiovasc. Med , vol.10 , pp. 195-206
    • Sanossian, N.1    Tarlov, N.E.2
  • 138
    • 0026558610 scopus 로고
    • Lipids and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study
    • Castelli, W.P., Anderson, K., Wilson, P.W., and Levy, D. (1992) Lipids and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann. Epidemiol. 2, 23-28.
    • (1992) Ann. Epidemiol , vol.2 , pp. 23-28
    • Castelli, W.P.1    Anderson, K.2    Wilson, P.W.3    Levy, D.4
  • 140
    • 0030840078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of cholesterol in women of different ages
    • Emond, M.J. and Zareba, W. (1997) Prognostic value of cholesterol in women of different ages. J. Womens Health 6, 295-307.
    • (1997) J. Womens Health , vol.6 , pp. 295-307
    • Emond, M.J.1    Zareba, W.2
  • 141
    • 12844262139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome and 11-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • McNeill, A.M., Schmidt, M.I., Rosamond, W.D., East, H.E., Girman, C.J., Ballantyne, C.M., Golden, S.H., and Heiss, G. (2005) The metabolic syndrome and 11-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Diabetes Care 28, 385-390.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 385-390
    • McNeill, A.M.1    Schmidt, M.I.2    Rosamond, W.D.3    East, H.E.4    Girman, C.J.5    Ballantyne, C.M.6    Golden, S.H.7    Heiss, G.8
  • 142
    • 0024519925 scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factors International Trial
    • Iso, H., Jacobs, D.R., Jr., Wentworth, D., Neaton, J.D., and Cohen, J.D. (1989) Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factors International Trial. N. Engl. J. Med. 320, 904-910.
    • (1989) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.320 , pp. 904-910
    • Iso, H.1    Jacobs Jr., D.R.2    Wentworth, D.3    Neaton, J.D.4    Cohen, J.D.5
  • 143
    • 3042597838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal protein, animal fat, and cholesterol intakes and risk of cerebral infarction mortality in the adult health study
    • Sauvaget, C., Nagano, J., Hayashi, M., and Yamada, M. (2004) Animal protein, animal fat, and cholesterol intakes and risk of cerebral infarction mortality in the adult health study. Stroke 35, 1531-1537.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1531-1537
    • Sauvaget, C.1    Nagano, J.2    Hayashi, M.3    Yamada, M.4
  • 144
    • 0029808431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low total serum cholesterol and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke: Is the association confined to elderly men? The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program
    • Iribarren, C., Jacobs, D.R., Sadler, M., Claxton, A.J., and Sidney, S. (1996) Low total serum cholesterol and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke: is the association confined to elderly men? The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. Stroke 27, 1993-1998.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 1993-1998
    • Iribarren, C.1    Jacobs, D.R.2    Sadler, M.3    Claxton, A.J.4    Sidney, S.5
  • 145
    • 0027273801 scopus 로고
    • Subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, and serum cholesterol concentration in men and women
    • Gatchev, O., Rastam, L., Lindberg, G., Gullberg, B., Eklund, G.A., and Isacsson, S.O. (1993) Subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, and serum cholesterol concentration in men and women. Ann. Epidemiol. 3, 403-409.
    • (1993) Ann. Epidemiol , vol.3 , pp. 403-409
    • Gatchev, O.1    Rastam, L.2    Lindberg, G.3    Gullberg, B.4    Eklund, G.A.5    Isacsson, S.O.6
  • 146
    • 22544457919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-lowering agent use at ischemic stroke onset is associated with decreased mortality
    • Elkind, M.S., Flint, A.C., Sciacca, R.R., and Sacco, R.L. (2005) Lipid-lowering agent use at ischemic stroke onset is associated with decreased mortality. Neurology. 65, 253-258.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 253-258
    • Elkind, M.S.1    Flint, A.C.2    Sciacca, R.R.3    Sacco, R.L.4
  • 147
    • 2642547998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pretreatment with statins on the severity of acute ischemic cerebrovascular events
    • Greisenegger, S., Müllner, M., Tentschert, S., Lang, W., and Lalouschek, W. (2004) Effect of pretreatment with statins on the severity of acute ischemic cerebrovascular events. J. Neurol. Sci. 221, 5-10.
    • (2004) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.221 , pp. 5-10
    • Greisenegger, S.1    Müllner, M.2    Tentschert, S.3    Lang, W.4    Lalouschek, W.5
  • 150
    • 0034648068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute inflammatory reaction following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rat
    • Gong, C., Hoff, J.T., and Keep, R.F. (2000) Acute inflammatory reaction following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rat. Brain Res. 871, 57-65.
    • (2000) Brain Res , vol.871 , pp. 57-65
    • Gong, C.1    Hoff, J.T.2    Keep, R.F.3
  • 151
    • 3042688440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes sensorimotor recovery, suppressing acute inflammatory reaction after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Jung, K.H., Chu, K., Jeong, S.W., Han, S.Y., Lee, S.T., Kim, J.Y., Kim, M., and Roh, J.K. (2004) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes sensorimotor recovery, suppressing acute inflammatory reaction after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 35, 1744-1749.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1744-1749
    • Jung, K.H.1    Chu, K.2    Jeong, S.W.3    Han, S.Y.4    Lee, S.T.5    Kim, J.Y.6    Kim, M.7    Roh, J.K.8
  • 152
    • 0032555154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase
    • Endres, M., Laufs, U., Huang, Z., Nakamura, T., Huang, P., Moskowitz, M.A., and Liao, J.K. (1998) Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 8880-8885.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.95 , pp. 8880-8885
    • Endres, M.1    Laufs, U.2    Huang, Z.3    Nakamura, T.4    Huang, P.5    Moskowitz, M.A.6    Liao, J.K.7
  • 153
    • 0000306390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins do more than just lower cholesterol
    • Vaughan, C.J., Murphy, M.D., and Buckley, B.M. (1996) Statins do more than just lower cholesterol. Lancet 348, 1079-1082.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1079-1082
    • Vaughan, C.J.1    Murphy, M.D.2    Buckley, B.M.3
  • 155
    • 9444249842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: Systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis
    • Amarenco, P., Labreuche, J., Lavallee, P., and Touboul, P.J. (2004) Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis. Stroke 35, 2902-2909.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 2902-2909
    • Amarenco, P.1    Labreuche, J.2    Lavallee, P.3    Touboul, P.J.4
  • 156
    • 67650094817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leker, R.R., Khoury, S.T., Rafaeli, G., Shwartz, R., Eichel, R., Tanne, D.; on behalf of the NASIS Investigators. (2009) Prior use of statins improves outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: prospective data from the National Acute Stroke Israeli Surveys (NASIS). Stroke 40, 2581-2584.
    • Leker, R.R., Khoury, S.T., Rafaeli, G., Shwartz, R., Eichel, R., Tanne, D.; on behalf of the NASIS Investigators. (2009) Prior use of statins improves outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: prospective data from the National Acute Stroke Israeli Surveys (NASIS). Stroke 40, 2581-2584.
  • 157
    • 0035936503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of stroke events with pravastatin: The Prospective Pravastatin Pooling (PPP) Project
    • Byington, R.P., Davis, B.R., Plehn, J.F., White, H.D., Baker, J., Cobbe, S.M., and Shepherd, J. (2001) Reduction of stroke events with pravastatin: the Prospective Pravastatin Pooling (PPP) Project. Circulation 103, 387-392.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 387-392
    • Byington, R.P.1    Davis, B.R.2    Plehn, J.F.3    White, H.D.4    Baker, J.5    Cobbe, S.M.6    Shepherd, J.7
  • 158
    • 65549117287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases hemorrhagic transformation in large artery atherothrombosis but not in cardioembolism
    • Kim, B.J., Lee, S.H., Ryu, W.S., Kang, B.S., Kim, C.K., and Yoon, B.W. (2009) Low level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases hemorrhagic transformation in large artery atherothrombosis but not in cardioembolism. Stroke 40, 1627-1632.
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , pp. 1627-1632
    • Kim, B.J.1    Lee, S.H.2    Ryu, W.S.3    Kang, B.S.4    Kim, C.K.5    Yoon, B.W.6
  • 160
    • 0028901424 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Apolipoprotein E and A-IV phenotypes on the low-density lipoprotein response to HMG CoA reductase inhibitor therapy
    • Ordovas, J.M., Lopez-Miranda, J., Perez-Jimenez, F., Rodriguez, C., Park, J.S., Cole, T., and Schaefer, E.J. (1995) Effects of Apolipoprotein E and A-IV phenotypes on the low-density lipoprotein response to HMG CoA reductase inhibitor therapy. Atherosclerosis 113, 157-166.
    • (1995) Atherosclerosis , vol.113 , pp. 157-166
    • Ordovas, J.M.1    Lopez-Miranda, J.2    Perez-Jimenez, F.3    Rodriguez, C.4    Park, J.S.5    Cole, T.6    Schaefer, E.J.7
  • 161
    • 33644700591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: An updated systematic review of epidemiological studies
    • Feigin, V.L., Rinkel, G.J., Lawes, C.M., Algra, A., Bennett, D.A., van Gijn, J., and Anderson, C.S. (2005) Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies. Stroke 36, 2773-2780.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 2773-2780
    • Feigin, V.L.1    Rinkel, G.J.2    Lawes, C.M.3    Algra, A.4    Bennett, D.A.5    van Gijn, J.6    Anderson, C.S.7
  • 162
    • 0029878999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage a systematic review
    • Teunissen, L., Rinkel, G., Algra, A., and van Gijn, J. (1996) Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage a systematic review. Stroke 27, 544-549.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 544-549
    • Teunissen, L.1    Rinkel, G.2    Algra, A.3    van Gijn, J.4
  • 164
    • 64149114758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-lowering drugs in ischemic stroke prevention and their influence on acute stroke outcome
    • Fuentes, B., Martínez-Sánchez, P., and Díez-Tejedor, E. (2009) Lipid-lowering drugs in ischemic stroke prevention and their influence on acute stroke outcome. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 27, 126-133.
    • (2009) Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.27 , pp. 126-133
    • Fuentes, B.1    Martínez-Sánchez, P.2    Díez-Tejedor, E.3
  • 165
    • 47349088595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New targets of neuroprotection in ischemic stroke
    • Bacigaluppi, M. and Hermann, D.M. (2008) New targets of neuroprotection in ischemic stroke. TheScientificWorldJOURNAL 8, 698-712.
    • (2008) TheScientificWorldJOURNAL , vol.8 , pp. 698-712
    • Bacigaluppi, M.1    Hermann, D.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.