Epigenetic factors in aging and longevity

Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology

Volumn 459, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 247-258

  Gravina, Silvia ^a   Vijg, Jan ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; DNA methylation; Epigenetics; Lifespan

Indexed keywords

AGING; CELL DIVISION; CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY; DNA METHYLATION; DNA SEQUENCE; EPIGENETICS; HUMAN; LONGEVITY; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

AGING; ANIMALS; CELL AGING; CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY; DNA METHYLATION; EPIGENESIS, GENETIC; HUMANS; LONGEVITY; METAGENOMICS; STOCHASTIC PROCESSES; TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC;

EID: 73749085370     PISSN: 00316768     EISSN: 14322013     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-009-0730-7     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. MD Anway AS Cupp M Uzumcu MK Skinner 2005 Epigenetic transgenerational actions of endocrine disruptors and male fertility Science 308 1466 1469 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXks1eqsbY%3D 15933200
2. R Bahar CH Hartmann KA Rodriguez AD Denny RA Busuttil ME Dolle RB Calder GB Chisholm BH Pollock CA Klein J Vijg 2006 Increased cell-to-cell variation in gene expression in ageing mouse heart Nature 441 1011 1014 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XmtVSnsrY%3D 16791200
3. W Barbot A Dupressoir V Lazar T Heidmann 2002 Epigenetic regulation of an IAP retrotransposon in the aging mouse: progressive demethylation and de-silencing of the element by its repetitive induction Nucleic Acids Res 30 2365 2373 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkvV2hsrw%3D 12034823
4. JA Baur KJ Pearson NL Price HA Jamieson C Lerin A Kalra VV Prabhu JS Allard G Lopez-Lluch K Lewis PJ Pistell S Poosala KG Becker O Boss D Gwinn M Wang S Ramaswamy KW Fishbein RG Spencer EG Lakatta D Le Couteur RJ Shaw P Navas P Puigserver DK Ingram R de Cabo DA Sinclair 2006 Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet Nature 444 337 342 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1Sgtb3I 17086191
5. SB Baylin JG Herman 2001 Promoter hypermethylation-can this change alone ever designate true tumor suppressor gene function? J Natl Cancer Inst 93 664 665 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3ovVKnuw%3D%3D 11333278
6. SB Baylin JG Herman 2000 DNA hypermethylation in tumorigenesis: epigenetics joins genetics Trends Genet 16 168 174 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXit1Sqsbg%3D 10729832
7. PE Bennett-Baker J Wilkowski DT Burke 2003 Age-associated activation of epigenetically repressed genes in the mouse Genetics 165 2055 2062 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnvFOlsw%3D%3D 14704185
8. HT Bjornsson MI Sigurdsson MD Fallin RA Irizarry T Aspelund H Cui W Yu MA Rongione TJ Ekstrom TB Harris LJ Launer G Eiriksdottir MF Leppert C Sapienza V Gudnason AP Feinberg 2008 Intra-individual change over time in DNA methylation with familial clustering JAMA 299 2877 2883 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnvFSlsbY%3D 18577732
9. J Boyes A Bird 1991 DNA methylation inhibits transcription indirectly via a methyl-CpG binding protein Cell 64 1123 1134 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXit1amu7Y%3D 2004419
10. MJ Buck JD Lieb 2004 ChIP-chip: considerations for the design, analysis, and application of genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments Genomics 83 349 360 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVegtLg%3D 14986705
11. K Buiting S Gross C Lich G Gillessen-Kaesbach O el-Maarri B Horsthemke 2003 Epimutations in Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: a molecular study of 136 patients with an imprinting defect Am J Hum Genet 72 571 577 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitFWqu7k%3D 12545427
12. R Busuttil R Bahar J Vijg 2007 Genome dynamics and transcriptional deregulation in aging Neuroscience 145 1341 1347 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXksVyjtbw%3D 17137723
13. J Campisi 2000 Cancer, aging and cellular senescence In Vivo 14 183 188 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3itVGktw%3D%3D 10757076
14. J Campisi 2005 Senescent cells, tumor suppression, and organismal aging: good citizens, bad neighbors Cell 120 513 522 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitVWnu74%3D 15734683
15. J Campisi F d'Adda di Fagagna 2007 Cellular senescence: when bad things happen to good cells Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8 729 740 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXpsVartLg%3D 17667954
16. J Campisi SH Kim CS Lim M Rubio 2001 Cellular senescence, cancer and aging: the telomere connection Exp Gerontol 36 1619 1637 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXnslWqtbs%3D 11672984 (Pubitemid 32982869)
17. J Campisi J Vijg 2009 Does damage to DNA and other macromolecules play a role in aging? If so, how? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64 175 178 19228786
18. VL Chandler M Stam 2004 Chromatin conversations: mechanisms and implications of paramutation Nat Rev Genet 5 532 544 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXltVSmsb8%3D 15211355
19. AL Clayton CA Hazzalin LC Mahadevan 2006 Enhanced histone acetylation and transcription: a dynamic perspective Mol Cell 23 289 296 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XovVWlurw%3D 16885019
20. JP Coppe CK Patil F Rodier Y Sun DP Munoz J Goldstein PS Nelson PY Desprez J Campisi 2008 Senescence-associated secretory phenotypes reveal cell-nonautonomous functions of oncogenic RAS and the p53 tumor suppressor PLoS Biol 6 2853 2868 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlsFGhsQ%3D%3D 19053174
21. FL DeBusk 1972 The Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Report of 4 cases and review of the literature J Pediatr 80 697 724 1:STN:280: DyaE387lsVKisw%3D%3D 4552697
22. R Di Micco M Fumagalli A Cicalese S Piccinin P Gasparini C Luise C Schurra M Garre PG Nuciforo A Bensimon R Maestro PG Pelicci F d'Adda di Fagagna 2006 Oncogene-induced senescence is a DNA damage response triggered by DNA hyper-replication Nature 444 638 642 17136094
23. N Dillon R Festenstein 2002 Unravelling heterochromatin: competition between positive and negative factors regulates accessibility Trends Genet 18 252 258 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjvFCgtrY%3D 12047950
24. DC Dolinoy JR Weidman RA Waterland RL Jirtle 2006 Maternal genistein alters coat color and protects Avy mouse offspring from obesity by modifying the fetal epigenome Environ Health Perspect 114 567 572 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28Xktlensrs%3D 16581547
25. ME Dollé H Giese H van Steeg J Vijg 2000 Mutation accumulation in vivo and the importance of genome stability in aging and cancer Results Probl Cell Differ 29 165 180 10838700
26. A Eden F Gaudet A Waghmare R Jaenisch 2003 Chromosomal instability and tumors promoted by DNA hypomethylation Science 300 455 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXktlektb8%3D 12702868
27. M Ehrich MR Nelson P Stanssens M Zabeau T Liloglou G Xinarianos CR Cantor JK Field D van den Boom 2005 Quantitative high-throughput analysis of DNA methylation patterns by base-specific cleavage and mass spectrometry Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 15785 15790 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1Wru7nM 16243968
28. AP Feinberg 2008 Epigenetics at the epicenter of modern medicine JAMA 299 1345 1350 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjsV2rtLc%3D 18349095
29. AP Feinberg R Ohlsson S Henikoff 2006 The epigenetic progenitor origin of human cancer Nat Rev Genet 7 21 33 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlanu73E 16369569
30. AC Ferguson-Smith MA Surani 2001 Imprinting and the epigenetic asymmetry between parental genomes Science 293 1086 1089 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVWlt7c%3D 11498578
31. W Fischle Y Wang SA Jacobs Y Kim CD Allis S Khorasanizadeh 2003 Molecular basis for the discrimination of repressive methyl-lysine marks in histone H3 by Polycomb and HP1 chromodomains Genes Dev 17 1870 1881 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXmt1Sjt78%3D 12897054
32. MF Fraga E Ballestar MF Paz S Ropero F Setien ML Ballestar D Heine-Suner JC Cigudosa M Urioste J Benitez M Boix-Chornet A Sanchez-Aguilera C Ling E Carlsson P Poulsen A Vaag Z Stephan TD Spector YZ Wu C Plass M Esteller 2005 Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 10604 10609 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXntVSiur0%3D 16009939
33. S Friso SW Choi 2002 Gene-nutrient interactions and DNA methylation J Nutr 132 2382S 2387S 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmtF2qsrw%3D 12163697
34. VX Fu JR Dobosy JA Desotelle N Almassi JA Ewald R Srinivasan M Berres J Svaren R Weindruch DF Jarrard 2008 Aging and cancer-related loss of insulin-like growth factor 2 imprinting in the mouse and human prostate Cancer Res 68 6797 6802 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpslKmt7w%3D 18701505
35. F Fuks WA Burgers N Godin M Kasai T Kouzarides 2001 Dnmt3a binds deacetylases and is recruited by a sequence-specific repressor to silence transcription EMBO J 20 2536 2544 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktFensr8%3D 11350943
36. F Gaudet JG Hodgson A Eden L Jackson-Grusby J Dausman JW Gray H Leonhardt R Jaenisch 2003 Induction of tumors in mice by genomic hypomethylation Science 300 489 492 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXivFyms7Y%3D 12702876
37. H Giese WK Snyder C van Oostrom H van Steeg ME Dollé J Vijg 2002 Age-related mutation accumulation at a lacZ reporter locus in normal and tumor tissues of Trp53-deficient mice Mutat Res 514 153 163 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38XovFGguw%3D%3D 11815254
38. RM Glasspool JM Teodoridis R Brown 2006 Epigenetics as a mechanism driving polygenic clinical drug resistance Br J Cancer 94 1087 1092 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjsFaksr4%3D 16495912
39. MD Gray SA Jesch GH Stein 1991 5-Azacytidine-induced demethylation of DNA to senescent level does not block proliferation of human fibroblasts J Cell Physiol 149 477 484 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhvV2nsQ%3D%3D 1720786
40. SI Grewal SC Elgin 2002 Heterochromatin: new possibilities for the inheritance of structure Curr Opin Genet Dev 12 178 187 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38XhvVCnsbs%3D 11893491
41. SI Grewal AJ Klar 1996 Chromosomal inheritance of epigenetic states in fission yeast during mitosis and meiosis Cell 86 95 101 1:CAS:528: DyaK28XktlGnsbw%3D 8689692
42. L Guarente 1999 Diverse and dynamic functions of the Sir silencing complex Nat Genet 23 281 285 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnt1Gnsrk%3D 10545947
43. MC Haigis LP Guarente 2006 Mammalian sirtuins-emerging roles in physiology, aging, and calorie restriction Genes Dev 20 2913 2921 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFynu7bJ 17079682
44. CB Harley AB Futcher CW Greider 1990 Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts Nature 345 458 460 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXksFKntb4%3D 2342578
45. L Hayflick 1965 The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains Exp Cell Res 37 614 636 1:STN:280:DyaF2M7hvFOntw%3D%3D 14315085
46. RA Hegele 2003 Drawing the line in progeria syndromes Lancet 362 416 417 12927424
47. U Herbig WA Jobling BP Chen DJ Chen JM Sedivy 2004 Telomere shortening triggers senescence of human cells through a pathway involving ATM, p53, and p21(CIP1), but not p16(INK4a) Mol Cell 14 501 513 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXksl2jsrk%3D 15149599
48. R Holliday 1987 The inheritance of epigenetic defects Science 238 163 170 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXmtFalsr8%3D 3310230
49. JP Issa 1999 Aging, DNA methylation and cancer Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 32 31 43 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2Flt1yjsg%3D%3D 10586353
50. K Itahana J Campisi GP Dimri 2007 Methods to detect biomarkers of cellular senescence: the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase assay Methods Mol Biol 371 21 31 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXls1Knu7s%3D 17634571
51. E Jablonka MJ Lamb 1989 The inheritance of acquired epigenetic variations J Theor Biol 139 69 83 1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FotV2jtQ%3D%3D 2593687
52. RA Jacob 1999 Evidence that diet modification reduces in vivo oxidant damage Nutr Rev 57 255 258 1:STN:280:DyaK1Mvks1Krsw%3D%3D 10518413
53. PA Jones 2002 DNA methylation and cancer Oncogene 21 5358 5360 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlslSqtrc%3D 12154398
54. PA Jones PW Laird 1999 Cancer epigenetics comes of age Nat Genet 21 163 167 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXpsVClug%3D%3D 9988266
55. M Kaeberlein M McVey L Guarente 1999 The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms Genes Dev 13 2570 2580 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmvFOitbc%3D 10521401
56. A Kanungo SM Chandi 1994 Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of the epididymis. A case report Indian J Cancer 31 138 140 1:STN:280: DyaK2M%2Fht1emtQ%3D%3D 7927448
57. K Kator V Cristofalo R Charpentier RG Cutler 1985 Dysdifferentiative nature of aging: passage number dependency of globin gene expression in normal human diploid cells grown in tissue culture Gerontology 31 355 361 1:CAS:528:DyaL28Xhsl2qtg%3D%3D 3840764
58. B Khulan RF Thompson K Ye MJ Fazzari M Suzuki E Stasiek ME Figueroa JL Glass Q Chen C Montagna E Hatchwell RR Selzer TA Richmond RD Green A Melnick JM Greally 2006 Comparative isoschizomer profiling of cytosine methylation: the HELP assay Genome Res 16 1046 1055 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xot1Kkur8%3D 16809668
59. A Krtolica S Parrinello S Lockett PY Desprez J Campisi 2001 Senescent fibroblasts promote epithelial cell growth and tumorigenesis: a link between cancer and aging Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 12072 12077 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXns1CjsLw%3D 11593017
60. BA Kudlow BK Kennedy RJ Monnat Jr 2007 Werner and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndromes: mechanistic basis of human progeroid diseases Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8 394 404 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXksFSjsr8%3D 17450177
61. CD Laird ND Pleasant AD Clark JL Sneeden KM Hassan NC Manley JC Vary Jr T Morgan RS Hansen R Stoger 2004 Hairpin-bisulfite PCR: assessing epigenetic methylation patterns on complementary strands of individual DNA molecules Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 204 209 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjvFansg%3D%3D 14673087
62. N Lane W Dean S Erhardt P Hajkova A Surani J Walter W Reik 2003 Resistance of IAPs to methylation reprogramming may provide a mechanism for epigenetic inheritance in the mouse Genesis 35 88 93 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXnt12rtb4%3D 12533790
63. B Liu J Wang KM Chan WM Tjia W Deng X Guan JD Huang KM Li PY Chau DJ Chen D Pei AM Pendas J Cadinanos C Lopez-Otin HF Tse C Hutchison J Chen Y Cao KS Cheah K Tryggvason Z Zhou 2005 Genomic instability in laminopathy-based premature aging Nat Med 11 780 785 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmt1aju7k%3D 15980864
64. LH Lumey AD Stein 1997 In utero exposure to famine and subsequent fertility: The Dutch Famine Birth Cohort Study Am J Public Health 87 1962 1966 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FptleisA%3D%3D 9431284
65. PA Marks R Breslow 2007 Dimethyl sulfoxide to vorinostat: development of this histone deacetylase inhibitor as an anticancer drug Nat Biotechnol 25 84 90 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXis1GrsQ%3D%3D 17211407
66. GM Martin 2005 Epigenetic drift in aging identical twins Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 10413 10414 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXntVSitrc%3D 16027353
67. SL Martin CL Hopkins A Naumer ME Dolle J Vijg 2001 Mutation frequency and type during ageing in mouse seminiferous tubules Mech Ageing Dev 122 1321 1331 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXks1OnsL8%3D 11438122
68. L Menendez BB Benigno JF McDonald 2004 L1 and HERV-W retrotransposons are hypomethylated in human ovarian carcinomas Mol Cancer 3 12 15109395
69. T Minamino I Komuro 2007 Vascular cell senescence: contribution to atherosclerosis Circ Res 100 15 26 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlGiurjK 17204661
70. HD Morgan HG Sutherland DI Martin E Whitelaw 1999 Epigenetic inheritance at the agouti locus in the mouse Nat Genet 23 314 318 1:CAS:528: DyaK1MXnt1Gns7w%3D 10545949
71. R Morley 2006 Fetal origins of adult disease Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 11 73 78 16368278
72. HJ Muller E Altenburg 1930 The frequency of translocations produced by x-rays in drosophila Genetics 15 283 311 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s%2FmsVGktQ%3D%3D 17246601
73. X Nan FJ Campoy A Bird 1997 MeCP2 is a transcriptional repressor with abundant binding sites in genomic chromatin Cell 88 471 481 1:CAS:528: DyaK2sXhtlKqur8%3D 9038338
74. M Narita S Nunez E Heard AW Lin SA Hearn DL Spector GJ Hannon SW Lowe 2003 Rb-mediated heterochromatin formation and silencing of E2F target genes during cellular senescence Cell 113 703 716 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvVekt7g%3D 12809602
75. P Oberdoerffer S Michan M McVay R Mostoslavsky J Vann SK Park A Hartlerode J Stegmuller A Hafner P Loerch SM Wright KD Mills A Bonni BA Yankner R Scully TA Prolla FW Alt DA Sinclair 2008 SIRT1 redistribution on chromatin promotes genomic stability but alters gene expression during aging Cell 135 907 918 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsV2jtr%2FF 19041753
76. I Okamoto AP Otte CD Allis D Reinberg E Heard 2004 Epigenetic dynamics of imprinted X inactivation during early mouse development Science 303 644 649 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvVKnug%3D%3D 14671313
77. M Okano S Takebayashi K Okumura E Li 1999 Assignment of cytosine-5 DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b to mouse chromosome bands 12A2-A3 and 2H1 by in situ hybridization Cytogenet Cell Genet 86 333 334 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXktFSn 10575238
78. T Ono RG Dean SK Chattopadhyay RG Cutler 1985 Dysdifferentiative nature of aging: age-dependent expression of MuLV and globin genes in thymus, liver and brain in the AKR mouse strain Gerontology 31 362 372 1:CAS:528: DyaL28XhsF2rsw%3D%3D 2998953
79. PJ Park 2008 Epigenetics meets next-generation sequencing Epigenetics 3 318 321 19098449
80. ME Pembrey LO Bygren G Kaati S Edvinsson K Northstone M Sjostrom J Golding 2006 Sex-specific, male-line transgenerational responses in humans Eur J Hum Genet 14 159 166 16391557
81. VK Rakyan S Chong ME Champ PC Cuthbert HD Morgan KV Luu E Whitelaw 2003 Transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic states at the murine Axin(Fu) allele occurs after maternal and paternal transmission Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 2538 2543 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitVais7c%3D 12601169
82. W Reik W Dean J Walter 2001 Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development Science 293 1089 1093 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVWltL8%3D 11498579
83. KD Robertson 2001 DNA methylation, methyltransferases, and cancer Oncogene 20 3139 3155 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXks1Glu70%3D 11420731
84. D Rodenhiser M Mann 2006 Epigenetics and human disease: translating basic biology into clinical applications CMAJ 174 341 348 16446478
85. B Rogina SL Helfand 2004 Sir2 mediates longevity in the fly through a pathway related to calorie restriction Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 15998 16003 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVGis77E 15520384
86. GA Romanov BF Vaniushin 1980 Intragenomic specificity of DNA methylation in animals. Qualitative differences in tissues and changes in methylation of repeating sequences during aging, carcinogenesis and hormonal induction Mol Biol (Mosk) 14 357 368 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXhvFKjtb0%3D
87. MR Rountree KE Bachman SB Baylin 2000 DNMT1 binds HDAC2 and a new co-repressor, DMAP1, to form a complex at replication foci Nat Genet 25 269 277 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkvFKltLk%3D 10888872
88. F Santos B Hendrich W Reik W Dean 2002 Dynamic reprogramming of DNA methylation in the early mouse embryo Dev Biol 241 172 182 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXptVWhsrg%3D 11784103
89. P Scaffidi T Misteli 2005 Reversal of the cellular phenotype in the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome Nat Med 11 440 445 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXivFCgsr0%3D 15750600
90. P Scaffidi T Misteli 2006 Lamin A-dependent nuclear defects in human aging Science 312 1059 1063 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xks1Wqur0%3D 16645051
91. M Schmid T Haaf D Grunert 1984 5-Azacytidine-induced undercondensations in human chromosomes Hum Genet 67 257 263 1:STN:280:DyaL2c3oslGjtA%3D%3D 6205969
92. A Schumacher A Petronis 2006 Epigenetics of complex diseases: from general theory to laboratory experiments Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 310 81 115 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28vosFyitg%3D%3D 16909908
93. JW Shay IB Roninson 2004 Hallmarks of senescence in carcinogenesis and cancer therapy Oncogene 23 2919 2933 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXivFKms7Y%3D 15077154
94. DK Shumaker T Dechat A Kohlmaier SA Adam MR Bozovsky MR Erdos M Eriksson AE Goldman S Khuon FS Collins T Jenuwein RD Goldman 2006 Mutant nuclear lamin A leads to progressive alterations of epigenetic control in premature aging Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 8703 8708 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XlvVCiuro%3D 16738054
95. KD Siegmund CM Connor M Campan TI Long DJ Weisenberger D Biniszkiewicz R Jaenisch PW Laird S Akbarian 2007 DNA methylation in the human cerebral cortex is dynamically regulated throughout the life span and involves differentiated neurons PLoS ONE 2 e895 17878930
96. RJ Sims 3rd D Reinberg 2009 Processing the H3K36me3 signature Nat Genet 41 270 271 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXit1yjs7Y%3D 19240748
97. DA Sinclair L Guarente 1997 Extrachromosomal rDNA circles-a cause of aging in yeast Cell 91 1033 1042 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtVKitQ%3D%3D 9428525
98. M Sommer N Poliak S Upadhyay E Ratovitski BD Nelkin LA Donehower D Sidransky 2006 DeltaNp63alpha overexpression induces downregulation of Sirt1 and an accelerated aging phenotype in the mouse Cell Cycle 5 2005 2011 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlWqsLjE 16940753
99. Thompson RF, Suzuki M, Lau KW, Greally JM (2009) A pipeline for the quantitative analysis of CG dinucleotide methylation using mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics Resource Number
100. J Tra T Kondo Q Lu R Kuick S Hanash B Richardson 2002 Infrequent occurrence of age-dependent changes in CpG island methylation as detected by restriction landmark genome scanning Mech Ageing Dev 123 1487 1503 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XosFeqs74%3D 12425956
101. DO Vidal VA Paixao M Brait EX Souto OL Caballero LF Lopes AL Vettore 2007 Aberrant methylation in pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome Leuk Res 31 175 181 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht12ks7fP 16890288
102. J Vijg ME Dollé 2002 Large genome rearrangements as a primary cause of aging Mech Ageing Dev 123 907 915 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktFOmu78%3D 12044939
103. B Vogelstein KW Kinzler 1993 The multistep nature of cancer Trends Genet 9 138 141 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3ps1yrtw%3D%3D 8516849
104. H Wang R Cao L Xia H Erdjument-Bromage C Borchers P Tempst Y Zhang 2001 Purification and functional characterization of a histone H3-lysine 4-specific methyltransferase Mol Cell 8 1207 1217 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XivFGntg%3D%3D 11779497
105. SC Wang B Oelze A Schumacher 2008 Age-specific epigenetic drift in late-onset Alzheimer's disease PLoS ONE 3 e2698 18628954
106. KA Wareham MF Lyon PH Glenister ED Williams 1987 Age related reactivation of an X-linked gene Nature 327 725 727 1:STN:280:DyaL2s3lvVWqsA%3D%3D 3600770
107. RA Waterland JR Lin CA Smith RL Jirtle 2006 Post-weaning diet affects genomic imprinting at the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) locus Hum Mol Genet 15 705 716 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhsF2mtb0%3D 16421170
108. F Watt PL Molloy 1988 Cytosine methylation prevents binding to DNA of a HeLa cell transcription factor required for optimal expression of the adenovirus major late promoter Genes Dev 2 1136 1143 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXmt1eksLk%3D 3192075
109. IC Weaver J Diorio JR Seckl M Szyf MJ Meaney 2004 Early environmental regulation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor gene expression: characterization of intracellular mediators and potential genomic target sites Ann N Y Acad Sci 1024 182 212 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtl2ltL0%3D 15265782
110. SU Wiemann A Satyanarayana M Tsahuridu HL Tillmann L Zender J Klempnauer P Flemming S Franco MA Blasco MP Manns KL Rudolph 2002 Hepatocyte telomere shortening and senescence are general markers of human liver cirrhosis FASEB J 16 935 942 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltlCltbg%3D 12087054
111. VL Wilson RA Smith S Ma RG Cutler 1987 Genomic 5-methyldeoxycytidine decreases with age J Biol Chem 262 9948 9951 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXkvFCitLk%3D 3611071
112. WE Wright JW Shay 1992 Telomere positional effects and the regulation of cellular senescence Trends Genet 8 193 197 1:STN:280:DyaK38zlvVGhtA%3D%3D 1496553
113. J Young JR Smith 2000 Epigenetic aspects of cellular senescence Exp Gerontol 35 23 32 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7ntFehsg%3D%3D 10705036
114. JI Young JR Smith 2001 DNA methyltransferase inhibition in normal human fibroblasts induces a p21-dependent cell cycle withdrawal J Biol Chem 276 19610 19616 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkt12rtLY%3D 11259405