Matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: From new functions to improved inhibition

International Journal of Developmental Biology

Volumn 48, Issue 5-6, 2004, Pages 411-424

  Folgueras, Alicia R ^a   Pendás, Alberto M ^a   Sánchez, Luis M ^a   López Otín, Carlos ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OVIEDO   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO   (Spain)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Degradome; Metastasis; Proteases

Indexed keywords

4 (4 FLUOROPHENYL) 2 (4 METHYLSULFINYLPHENYL) 5 (4 PYRIDYL)IMIDAZOLE; BATIMASTAT; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; GEMCITABINE; MARIMASTAT; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITOR; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PROTEIN BCL X; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; REBIMASTAT; TEMOZOLOMIDE; TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; THROMBOSPONDIN 1; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 2; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 4;

ADVANCED CANCER; ANGIOGENESIS; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; CANCER CELL; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER RESEARCH; CELL INVASION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG DESIGN; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENZYME INHIBITION; GENE FUNCTION; GENE THERAPY; GLIOBLASTOMA; HUMAN; LUNG CANCER; MULTIGENE FAMILY; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; MYALGIA; NONHUMAN; PANCREAS CARCINOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN TARGETING; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLINICAL TRIALS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ENZYME INHIBITORS; HUMANS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; MICE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASMS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; PEPTIDE HYDROLASES; PHENOTYPE; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 5444219883     PISSN: 02146282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.041811af     Document Type: Review

References (185)

1. AGGARWAL, B. B., KUMAR, A. and BHARTI, A. C. (2003). Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res. 23: 363-98.
2. ALEXANDER, C. M., HANSELL, E. J., BEHRENDTSEN, O., FLANNERY, M. L., KISHNANI, N. S., HAWKES, S. P. and WERB, Z. (1996). Expression and function of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors at the maternal-embryonic boundary during mouse embryo implantation. Development. 122: 1723-36.
3. ALEXANDER, C. M., SELVARAJAN, S., MUDGETT, J. and WERB, Z. (2001). Stromelysin-1 regulates adipogenesis during mammary gland involution. J. Cell Biol. 152: 693-703.
4. AMOUR, A., KNIGHT, C. G., WEBSTER, A., SLOCOMBE, P. M., STEPHENS, P. E., KNAUPER, V., DOCHERTY, A. J. and MURPHY, G. (2000). The in vitro activity of ADAM-10 is inhibited by TIMP-1 and TIMP-3. FEBS Lett. 473: 275-9.
5. ANDARAWEWA, K. L., BOULAY, A., MASSON, R., MATHELIN, C., STOLL, I., TOMASETTO, C., CHENARD, M. P., GINTZ, M., BELLOCQ, J. P. and RIO, M. C. (2003). Dual stromelysin-3 function during natural mouse mammary tumor virus-ras tumor progression. Cancer Res. 63: 5844-9.
6. ANNABI, B., LACHAMBRE, M. P., BOUSQUET-GAGNON, N., PAGE, M., GINGRAS, D. and BELIVEAU, R. (2002). Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate inhibits MMP-2 secretion and MT1-MMP-driven migration in glioblastoma cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1542: 209-20.
7. BAKER, A. H., EDWARDS, D. R. and MURPHY, G. (2002). Metalloproteinase inhibitors: biological actions and therapeutic opportunities. J. Cell Sci. 115: 3719-27.
8. BALBIN, M., FUEYO, A., KNAUPER, V., PENDAS, A. M., LOPEZ, J. M., JIMENEZ, M. G., MURPHY, G. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (1998). Collagenase 2 (MMP-8) expression in murine tissue-remodeling processes. Analysis of its potential role in postpartum involution of the uterus. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 23959-68.
9. BALBIN, M., FUEYO, A., TESTER, A. M., PENDAS, A. M., PITIOT, A. S., ASTUDILLO, A., OVERALL, C. M., SHAPIRO, S. D. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (2003). Loss of collagenase-2 confers increased skin tumor susceptibility to male mice. Nat. Genet. 35: 252-7.
10. BANNIKOV, G. A., KARELINA, T. V., COLLIER, I. E., MARMER, B. L. and GOLDBERG, G. I. (2002). Substrate binding of gelatinase B induces its enzymatic activity in the presence of intact propeptide. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 16022-7.
11. BASSI, D. E., LOPEZ DE CICCO, R., MAHLOOGI, H., ZUCKER, S., THOMAS, G. and KLEIN-SZANTO, A. J. (2001). Furin inhibition results in absent or decreased invasiveness and tumorigenicity of human cancer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98: 10326-31.
12. BEARE, A. H., O'KANE, S., KRANE, S. M. and FERGUSON, M. W. (2003). Severely impaired wound healing in the collagenase-resistant mouse. J. Invest. Dermatol. 120: 153-63.
13. BEIN, K. and SIMONS, M. (2000). Thrombospondin type 1 repeats interact with matrix metalloproteinase 2. Regulation of metalloproteinase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 32167-73.
14. BELOTTI, D., PAGANONI, P., MANENTI, L, GAROFALO, A., MARCHINI, S., TARABOLETTI, G. and GIAVAZZI, R. (2003). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP2) induce the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ovarian carcinoma cells: implications for ascites formation. Cancer Res. 63: 5224-9.
15. BERGERS, G., BREKKEN, R., MCMAHON, G., VU, T. H., ITOH, T., TAMAKI, K., TANZAWA, K., THORPE, P., ITOHARA, S., WERB, Z. and HANAHAN, D. (2000). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 triggers the angiogenic switch during carcinogenesis. Nat. Cell Biol. 2: 737-44.
16. BODE, W. (2003). Structural basis of matrix metalloproteinase function. Biochem. Soc. Symp. 1-14.
17. BOND, M., FABUNMI, R. P., BAKER, A. H. and NEWBY, A. C. (1998). Synergistic upregulation of metalloproteinase-9 by growth factors and inflammatory cytokines: an absolute requirement for transcription factor NF-kappa B. FEBS Lett. 435:29-34.
18. BOULAY, A., MASSON, R., CHENARD, M. P., EL FAHIME, M., CASSARD, L, BELLOCQ, J. P., SAUTES-FRIDMAN, C., BASSET, P. and RIO, M. C. (2001). High cancer cell death in syngeneic tumors developed in host mice deficient for the stromelysin-3 matrix metalloproteinase. Cancer Res. 61: 2189-93.
19. BOULOUMIE, A., SENGENES, C., PORTOLAN, G., GALITZKY, J. and LAFONTAN, M. (2001). Adipocyte produces matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9: involvement in adipose differentiation. Diabetes. 50: 2080-6.
20. BRAMHALL, S. R., HALLISSEY, M. T., WHITING, J., SCHOLEFIELD, J.,TIERNEY, G., STUART, R. C., HAWKINS, R. E., MCCULLOCH, P., MAUGHAN, T., BROWN, P. D., BAILLET, M. and FIELDING, J. W. (2002). Marimastat as maintenance therapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer: a randomised trial. Br. J. Cancer. 86: 1864-70.
21. BRAMHALL, S. R., ROSEMURGY, A., BROWN, P. D., BOWRY, C. and BUCKELS, J. A. (2001). Marimastat as first-line therapy for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer: a randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 19: 3447-55.
22. BREW, K., DINAKARPANDIAN, D. and NAGASE, H. (2000). Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: evolution, structure and function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1477: 267-83.
23. BRINCKERHOFF, C. E. and MATRISIAN, L. M. (2002). Matrix metalloproteinases: a tail of a frog that became a prince. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3: 207-14.
24. BROOKS, P. C., CLARK, R. A. and CHERESH, D. A. (1994). Requirement of vascular integrin alpha v beta 3 for angiogenesis. Science. 264: 569-71.
25. BULLARD, K. M., LUND, L., MUDGETT, J. S., MELLIN, T. N., HUNT, T. K., MURPHY, B., RONAN, J., WERB, Z. and BANDA, M. J. (1999). Impaired wound contraction in stromelysin-1 -deficient mice. Ann. Surg. 230: 260-5.
26. CHAMBERS, A. F., GROOM, A. C. and MACDONALD, I. C. (2002). Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2: 563-72.
27. CIANFROCCA, M., COOLEY, T. P., LEE, J. Y., RUDEK, M. A., SCADDEN, D. T., RATNER, L., PLUDA, J. M., FIGG, W. D., KROWN, S. E. and DEZUBE, B. J. (2002). Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor COL-3 in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: a phase I AIDS malignancy consortium study. J. Clin. Oncol. 20: 153-9.
28. CORNELIUS, L. A., NEHRING, L. C., HARDING, E., BOLANOWSKI, M., WELGUS, H. G., KOBAYASHI, D. K., PIERCE, R. A. and SHAPIRO, S. D. (1998). Matrix metalloproteinases generate angiostatin: effects on neovascularization. J. Immunol. 161: 6845-52.
29. COUSSENS, L. M., FINGLETON, B. and MATRISIAN, L. M. (2002). Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and cancer: trials and tribulations. Science. 295: 2387-92.
30. COUSSENS, L. M., TINKLE, C. L., HANAHAN, D. and WERB, Z. (2000). MMP-9 supplied by bone marrow-derived cells contributes to skin carcinogenesis. Cell. 103: 481-90.
31. COUSSENS, L. M. and WERB, Z. (2002). Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 420:860-7.
32. CRAWFORD, H. C., FINGLETON, B., GUSTAVSON, M. D., KURPIOS, N., WAGENAAR, R. A., HASSELL, J. A. and MATRISIAN, L. M. (2001). The PEA3 subfamily of Ets transcription factors synergizes with beta-catenin-LEF-1 to activate matrilysin transcription in intestinal tumors. Mol. Cell Biol. 21: 1370-83.
33. CUKIERMAN, E., PANKOV, R., STEVENS, D. R. and YAMADA, K. M. (2001). Taking cell-matrix adhesions to the third dimension. Science. 294: 1708-12.
34. CURRY, T. E., JR. and OSTEEN, K. G. (2003). The matrix metalloproteinase system: changes, regulation, and impact throughout the ovarian and uterine reproductive cycle. Endocr. Rev. 24: 428-65.
35. DEWEVER, O. and MAREEL, M. (2003). Role of tissue stroma in cancer cell invasion. J. Pathol. 200: 429-47.
36. DECLERCK, Y. A. and IMREN, S. (1994). Protease inhibitors: role and potential therapeutic use in human cancer. Eur. J. Cancer. 30A: 2170-80.
37. EGEBLAD, M. and WERB, Z. (2002). New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2: 161-74.
38. FALARDEAU, P., CHAMPAGNE, P., POYET, P., HARITON, C. and DUPONT, E. (2001). Neovastat, a naturally occurring multifunctional antiangiogenic drug, in phase III clinical trials. Semin. Oncol. 28: 620-5.
39. FENRICK, R., WANG, L., NIP, J., AMANN, J. M., ROONEY, R. J., WALKER-DANIELS, J., CRAWFORD, H. C., HULBOY, D. L., KINCH, M. S., MATRISIAN, L. M. and HIEBERT, S. W. (2000). TEL, a putative tumor suppressor, modulates cell growth and cell morphology of ras-transformed cells while repressing the transcription of stromelysin-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20: 5828-39.
40. FERRERAS, M., FELBOR, U., LENHARD, T., OLSEN, B. R. and DELAISSER. (2000). Generation and degradation of human endostatin proteins by various proteinases. FEBS Lett. 486: 247-51.
41. FREIJE, J. M., BALBIN, M., PENDAS, A. M., SANCHEZ, L. M., PUENTE, X. S. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (2003). Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor progression. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 532: 91-107.
42. FUTAMURA, M., KAMIYA, S., TSUKAMOTO, M., HIRANO, A., MONDEN, Y., ARAKAWA, H. and NISHIMURA, S. (2001). Malolactomycin D, a potent inhibitor of transcription controlled by the Ras responsive element, inhibits Ras-mediated transformation activity with suppression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in NIH3T3 cells. Oncogene. 20: 6724-30.
43. GALVEZ, B. G., MATIAS-ROMAN, S., ALBAR, J. P., SANCHEZ-MADRID, F. and ARROYO, A. G. (2001). Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase is activated during migration of human endothelial cells and modulates endothelial motility and matrix remodeling. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 37491-500.
44. GHILARDI, G., BIONDI, M. L., CAPUTO, M., LEVITI, S., DEMONTI, M., GUAGNELLINI, E. and SCORZA, R. (2002), A single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-3 promoter enhances breast cancer susceptibility. Clin. Cancer Res. 8: 3820-3.
45. GHILARDI, G., BIONDI, M. L., ERARIO, M., GUAGNELLINI, E. and SCORZA, R. (2003). Colorectal carcinoma susceptibility and metastases are associated with matrix metalloproteinase-7 promoter polymorphisms. Clin. Chem. 49: 1940-2.
46. GOMIS-RUTH, F. X., MASKOS, K., BETZ, M., BERGNER, A., HUBER, R., SUZUKI, K., YOSHIDA, N., NAGASE, H., BREW, K., BOURENKOV, G. P., BARTUNIK, H. and BODE, W. (1997). Mechanism of inhibition of the human matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1 by TIMP-1. Nature. 389: 77-81.
47. GROSS, J. and LAPIERE, C. M. (1962). Collagenolytic activity in amphibian tissues: a tissue culture assay. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 48: 1014-22.
48. GROVES, M. D., PUDUVALLI, V. K., HESS, K. R., JAECKLE, K. A., PETERSON, P., YUNG, W. K. and LEVIN, V. A. (2002). Phase II trial of temozolomide plus the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, marimastat, in recurrent and progressive glioblastoma multiforme. J. Clin. Oncol. 20: 1383-8.
49. GU, Z., KAUL, M., YAN, B., KRIDEL, S. J., CUI, J., STRONGIN, A., SMITH, J. W., LIDDINGTON, R. C. and LIPTON, S. A. (2002). S-nitrosylation of matrix metalloproteinases: signaling pathway to neuronal cell death. Science. 297: 1186-90.
50. GUERIN, E., LUDWIG, M. G., BASSET, P. and ANGLARD, P. (1997). Stromelysin-3 induction and interstitial collagenase repression by retinoic acid. Therapeutical implication of receptor-selective retinoids dissociating transactivation and AP-1-mediated transrepression. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 11088-95.
51. HAGGLUND, A. C., NY, A., LEONARDSSON, G. and NY, T. (1999). Regulation and localization of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in the mouse ovary during gonadotropin-induced ovulation. Endocrinology. 140: 4351-8.
52. HAMANO, Y., ZEISBERG, M., SUGIMOTO, H., LIVELY, J. C., MAESHIMA, Y., YANG, C., HYNES, R. O., WERB, Z., SUDHAKAR, A. and KALLURI, R. (2003). Physiological levels of tumstatin, a fragment of collagen IV alpha3 chain, are generated by MMP-9 proteolysis and suppress angiogenesis via alphaV beta3 integrin. Cancer Cell. 3: 589-601.
53. HAYASHI, M., TOMITA, M. and YOSHIZATO, K. (2002). Interleukin-2-collagen chimeric protein which liberates interleukin-2 upon collagenolysis. Protein Eng. 15: 429-36.
54. HERMAN, M. P., SUKHOVA, G. K., KISIEL, W., FOSTER, D., KEHRY, M. R., LIBBY, P. and SCHONBECK, U. (2001). Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is a novel inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases with implications for atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. 107: 1117-26.
55. HIRAOKA, N., ALLEN, E., APEL, I. J., GYETKO, M. R. and WEISS, S. J. (1998). Matrix metalloproteinases regulate neovascularization by acting as pericellular fibrinolysins. Cell. 95: 365-77.
56. HIRATSUKA, S., NAKAMURA, K., IWAI, S., MURAKAMI, M., ITOH, T., KIJIMA, H., SHIPLEY, J. M., SENIOR, R. M. and SHIBUYA, M. (2002). MMP9 induction by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 is involved in lung-specific metastasis. Cancer Cell. 2: 289-300.
57. HOJILLA, C. V., MOHAMMED, F. F. and KHOKHA, R. (2003). Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors direct cell fate during cancer development. Br. J. Cancer. 89: 1817-21.
58. HOLMBECK, K., BIANCO, P., CATERINA, J., YAMADA, S., KROMER, M., KUZNETSOV, S. A., MANKANI, M., ROBEY, P. G., POOLE, A. R., PIDOUX, I., WARD, J. M. and BIRKEDAL-HANSEN, H. (1999). MT1-MMP-deficient mice develop dwarfism, osteopenia, arthritis, and connective tissue disease due to inadequate collagen turnover. Cell. 99: 81-92.
59. HOTARY, K. B., ALLEN, E. D., BROOKS, P. C., DATTA, N. S., LONG, M. W. and WEISS, S. J. (2003). Membrane type I matrix metalloproteinase usurps tumor growth control imposed by the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. Cell. 114: 33-45.
60. HUA, J. and MUSCHEL, R. J. (1996). Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression by a ribozyme blocks metastasis in a rat sarcoma model system. Cancer Res. 56: 5279-84.
61. HUANG, S., VAN ARSDALL, M., TEDJARATI, S., MCCARTY, M., WU, W., LANGLEY, R. and FIDLER, I. J. (2002). Contributions of stromal metalloproteinase-9 to angiogenesis and growth of human ovarian carcinoma in mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94: 1134-42.
62. HULBOY, D. L., RUDOLPH, L. A. and MATRISIAN, L. M. (1997). Matrix metalloproteinases as mediators of reproductive function. Moll. Hum. Reprod. 3: 27-45.
63. ITOH, T., TANIOKA, M., YOSHIDA, H., YOSHIOKA, T., NISHIMOTO, H. and ITOHARA, S. (1998). Reduced angiogenesis and tumor progression in gelatinase A-deficient mice. Cancer Res. 58: 1048-51.
64. JIANG, Y., GOLDBERG, I. D. and SHI, Y. E. (2002). Complex roles of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in cancer. Oncogene. 21: 2245-52.
65. JIANG, Y., WANG, M., CELIKER, M. Y., LIU, Y. E., SANG, Q. X., GOLDBERG, I. D. and SHI, Y. E. (2001). Stimulation of mammary tumorigenesis by systemic tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 4 gene delivery. Cancer Res. 61: 2365-70.
66. JIMENEZ, M. J., BALBIN, M., ALVAREZ, J., KOMORI, T., BIANCO, P., HOLMBECK, K., BIRKEDAL-HANSEN, H., LOPEZ, J. M. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (2001). A regulatory cascade involving retinoic acid, Cbfa1, and matrix metalloproteinases is coupled to the development of a process of perichondrial invasion and osteogenic differentiation during bone formation. J. Cell Biol. 155: 1333-44.
67. JOHANSSON, N., ALA-AHO, R., UITTO, V., GRENMAN, R., FUSENIG, N. E., LOPEZ-OTIN, C. and KAHARI, V. M. (2000). Expression of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) and collagenase-1 (MMP-1) by transformed keratinocytes is dependent on the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J. Cell Sci. 113 Pt 2: 227-35.
68. KARIN, M. and CHANG, L. (2001). AP-1-glucocorticoid receptor crosstalk taken to a higher level. J. Endocrinol. 169: 447-51.
69. KASHIWAGI, M., TORTORELLA, M., NAGASE, H. and BREW, K. (2001). TIMP-3 is a potent inhibitor of aggrecanase 1 (ADAM-TS4) and aggrecanase 2 (ADAM-TS5). J. Biol. Chem. 276: 12501-4.
70. KATAOKA, H., UCHINO, H., IWAMURA, T., SEIKI, M., NABESHIMA, K. and KOONO, M. (1999). Enhanced tumor growth and invasiveness in vivo by a carboxyl-terminal fragment of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor generated by matrix metalloproteinases: a possible modulatory role in natural killer cytotoxicity. Am. J. Pathol. 154: 457-68.
71. KHOKHA, R., WATERHOUSE, P., YAGEL, S., LALA, P. K., OVERALL, C. M., NORTON, G. and DENHARDT, D. T. (1989). Antisense RNA-induced reduction in murine TIMP levels confers oncogenicity on Swiss 3T3 cells. Science. 243:947-50.
72. KIM, Y. M., JANG, J. W., LEE, O. H., YEON, J., CHOI, E. Y., KIM, K. W., LEE, S. T. and KWON, Y. G. (2000). Endostatin inhibits endothelial and tumor cellular invasion by blocking the activation and catalytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase. Cancer Res. 60: 5410-3.
73. KONDRAGANTI, S., MOHANAM, S., CHINTALA, S. K., KIN, Y., JASTI, S. L., NIRMALA, C., LAKKA, S. S., ADACHI, Y., KYRITSIS, A. P., ALI-OSMAN, F., SAWAYA, R., FULLER, G. N. and RAO, J. S. (2000). Selective suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human glioblastoma cells by antisense gene transfer impairs glioblastoma cell invasion. Cancer Res. 60: 6851-5.
74. KOUL, D., PARTHASARATHY, R., SHEN, R., DAVIES, M. A., JASSER, S. A., CHINTALA, S. K., RAO, J. S., SUN, Y., BENVENISITE, E. N., LIU, T. J. and YUNG, W. K. (2001). Suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene expression and invasion in human glioma cells by MMAC/PTEN. Oncogene. 20: 6669-78.
75. KRUGER, A., FATA, J. E. and KHOKHA, R. (1997). Altered tumor growth and metastasis of a T-cell lymphoma in Timp-1 transgenic mice. Blood. 90: 1993-2000.
76. KUGA, H., MORISAKI, T., NAKAMURA, K., ONISHI, H., NOSHIRO, H., UCHIYAMA, A., TANAKA, M. and KATANO, M. (2003). Interferon-gamma suppresses transforming growth factor-beta-induced invasion of gastric carcinoma cells through cross-talk of Smad pathway in a three-dimensional culture model. Oncogene. 22: 7838-47.
77. LACERNA, L. and HOHNEKER, J. (2003). Zoledronic acid for the treatment of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer and other solid tumors. Semin. Oncol. 30: 150-60.
78. LAL, A., GLAZER, C. A., MARTINSON, H. M., FRIEDMAN, H. S., ARCHER, G. E., SAMPSON, J. H. and RIGGINS, G.J. (2002). Mutant epidermal growth factor receptor up-regulates molecular effectors of tumor invasion. Cancer Res. 62: 3335-9.
79. LAMBERT, V., WIELOCKX, B., MUNAUT, C., GALOPIN, C., JOST, M., ITOH, T., WERB, Z., BAKER, A., LIBERT, C., KRELL, H. W., FOIDART, J. M., NOEL, A. and RAKIC, J. M. (2003). MMP-2 and MMP-9 synergize in promoting choroidal neovascularization. FASEB J. 17: 2290-2.
80. LEE, M. H., RAPTI, M. and MURPHY, G. (2003). Unveiling the surface epitopes that render tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 inactive against membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 40224-30.
81. LEE, S. J., JANG, J. W., KIM, Y. M., LEE, H. I., JEON, J. Y., KWON, Y. G. and LEE, S. T. (2002). Endostatin binds to the catalytic domain of matrix metalloproteinase-2. FEBS Lett. 519: 147-52.
82. LI, Q., PARK, P. W., WILSON, C. L. and PARKS, W. C. (2002). Matrilysin shedding of syndecan-1 regulates chemokine mobilization and transepithelial efflux of neutrophils in acute lung injury. Cell. 111: 635-46.
83. LIJNEN, H. R. (2001). Plasmin and matrix metalloproteinases in vascular remodeling. Thromb. Haemost. 86: 324-33.
84. LIU, L. T., CHANG, H. C., CHIANG, L. C. and HUNG, W. C. (2003). Histone deacetylase inhibitor up-regulates RECK to inhibit MMP-2 activation and cancer cell invasion. Cancer Res. 63: 3069-72.
85. LIU, S., NETZEL-ARNETT, S., BIRKEDAL-HANSEN, H. and LEPPLA, S. H. (2000). Tumor cell-selective cytotoxicity of matrix metalloproteinase-activated anthrax toxin. Cancer Res. 60: 6061-7.
86. LLANO, E., ADAM, G., PENDAS, A. M., QUESADA, V., SANCHEZ, L. M., SANTAMARIA, I., NOSELLI, S. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (2002). Structural and enzymatic characterization of Drosophila Dm2-MMP, a membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase with tissue-specific expression. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 23321-9.
87. LLANO, E., PENDAS, A. M., AZA-BLANC, P., KORNBERG, T. B. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (2000). Dm1-MMP, a matrix metalloproteinase from Drosophila with a potential role in extracellular matrix remodeling during neural development. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 35978-85.
88. LOCKHART, A. C., BRAUN, R. D., YU, D., ROSS, J. R., DEWHIRST, M. W., HUMPHREY, J. S., THOMPSON, S., WILLIAMS, K. M., KLITZMAN, B., YUAN, F., GRICHNIK, J. M., PROIA, A. D., CONWAY, D. A. and HURWITZ, H. I. (2003). Reduction of wound angiogenesis in patients treated with BMS-275291, a broad spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. Clin. Cancer Res. 9: 586-93.
89. LOHI, J., WILSON, C. L., ROBY, J. D. and PARKS, W. C. (2001). Epilysin, a novel human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-28) expressed in testis and keratinocytes and in response to injury. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 10134-44.
90. LONDON, C. A., SEKHON, H. S., ARORA, V., STEIN, D. A., IVERSEN, P. L. and DEVI, G. R. (2003). A novel antisense inhibitor of MMP-9 attenuates angiogenesis, human prostate cancer cell invasion and tumorigenicity. Cancer Gene Ther. 10: 823-32.
91. LOPEZ-OTIN, C. and OVERALL, C. M. (2002). Protease degradomics: a new challenge for proteomics. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3: 509-19.
92. LUND, L. R., ROMER, J., BUGGE, T. H., NIELSEN, B. S., FRANDSEN, T. L., DEGEN, J. L., STEPHENS, R. W. and DANO, K. (1999). Functional overlap between two classes of matrix-degrading proteases in wound healing. EMBO J. 18: 4645-56.
93. MA, Z., QIN, H. and BENVENISTE, E. N. (2001). Transcriptional suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression by IFN-gamma and IFN-beta: critical role of STAT-1 alpha. J. Immunol. 167: 5150-9.
94. MANES, S., MIRA, E., BARBACID, M. M., CIPRES, A., FERNANDEZ-RESA, P., BUESA, J. M., MERIDA, I., ARACIL, M., MARQUEZ, G. and MARTINEZ, A. C. (1997). Identification of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 as a potential physiological substrate for human stromelysin-3. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 25706-12.
95. MANSOUR, A. M., DREVS, J., ESSER, N., HAMADA, F. M., BADARY, O. A., UNGER, C., FICHTNER, I. and KRATZ, F. (2003). A new approach for the treatment of malignant melanoma: enhanced antitumor efficacy of an albumin-binding doxorubicin prodrug that is cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase 2. Cancer Res. 63: 4062-6.
96. MAREEL, M. and LEROY, A. (2003). Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects of cancer invasion. Physiol. Rev. 83: 337-76.
97. MARTIN, D. C., SANCHEZ-SWEATMAN, O. H., HO, A. T., INDERDEO, D. S., TSAO, M. S. and KHOKHA, R. (1999). Transgenic TIMP-1 inhibits simian virus 40 T antigen-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by impairment of hepatocellular proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Lab. Invest. 79: 225-34.
98. MCGAHA, T. L., PHELPS, R. G., SPIERA, H. and BONA, C. (2002). Halofuginone, an inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and skin sclerosis, blocks transforming-growth-factor-beta-mediated Smad3 activation in fibroblasts. J. Invest. Dermatol. 118: 461-70.
99. MCQUIBBAN, G. A., GONG, J. H., TAM, E. M., MCCULLOCH, C. A., CLARK-LEWIS, I. and OVERALL, C. M. (2000). Inflammation dampened by gelatinase A cleavage of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3. Science. 289: 1202-6.
100. MENGSHOL, J. A., MIX, K. S. and BRINCKERHOFF, C. E. (2002). Matrix metalloproteinases as therapeutic targets in arthritic diseases: bull's-eye or missing the mark?. Arthritis Rheum. 46: 13-20.
101. MIAO, X., YU, C., TAN, W., XIONG, P., LIANG, G., LU, W. and LIN, D. (2003). A functional polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene promoter (-1306C/T) is associated with risk of development but not metastasis of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 63: 3987-90.
102. MITSIADES, N., YU, W. H., POULAKI, V., TSOKOS, M. and STAMENKOVIC, I. (2001). Matrix metalloproteinase-7-mediated cleavage of Fas ligand protects tumor cells from chemotherapeutic drug cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 61: 577-81.
103. MOHAN, R., SIVAK, J., ASHTON, P., RUSSO, L. A., PHAM, B. Q., KASAHARA, N., RAIZMAN, M. B. and FINI, M. E. (2000). Curcuminoids inhibit the angiogenic response stimulated by fibroblast growth factor-2, including expression of matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase B. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 10405-12.
104. MORGUNOVA, E., TUUTTILA, A., BERGMANN, U., ISUPOV, M., LINDQVIST, Y., SCHNEIDER, G. and TRYGGVASON, K. (1999). Structure of human pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2: activation mechanism revealed. Science. 284: 1667-70.
105. MORRISON, C. J., BUTLER, G. S., BIGG, H. F., ROBERTS, C. R., SOLOWAY, P. D. and OVERALL, C. M. (2001). Cellular activation of MMP-2 (gelatinase A) by MT2-MMP occurs via a TIMP-2-independent pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 47402-10.
106. MOTT, J. D., THOMAS, C. L., ROSENBACH, M. T., TAKAHARA, K., GREENSPAN, D. S. and BANDA, M. J. (2000). Post-translational proteolytic processing of procollagen C-terminal proteinase enhancer releases a metalloproteinase inhibitor. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 1384-90.
107. NAGASE, H., (1997). Activation mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases. Biol. Chem. 378: 151-60.
108. NAKADA, M., YAMADA, A., TAKINO, T., MIYAMORI, H., TAKAHASHI, T., YAMASHITA, J. and SATO, H. (2001). Suppression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated MMP-2 activation and tumor invasion by testican 3 and its splicing variant gene product, N-Tes. Cancer Res. 61: 8896-902.
109. NEMUNAITIS, J., POOLE, C., PRIMROSE, J., ROSEMURGY, A., MALFETANO, J., BROWN, P., BERRINGTON, A., CORNISH, A., LYNCH, K., RASMUSSEN, H., KERR, D., COX, D. and MILLAR, A. (1998). Combined analysis of studies of the effects of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat on serum tumor markers in advanced cancer: selection of a biologically active and tolerable dose for longer-term studies. Clin. Cancer Res. 4: 1101-9.
110. NIE, J. and PEI, D. (2003). Direct activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 by leukolysin/membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase/ matrix metalloproteinase 25 at the asn(109)-Tyr bond. Cancer Res. 63: 6758-62.
111. NIELSEN, B. S., RANK, F., LOPEZ, J. M., BALBIN, M., VIZOSO, F., LUND, L. R., DANO, K. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (2001). Coliagenase-3 expression in breast myofibroblasts as a molecular marker of transition of ductal carcinoma in situ lesions to invasive ductal carcinomas. Cancer Res. 61: 7091-100.
112. NY, T., WAHLBERG, P. and BRANDSTROM, I. J. (2002). Matrix remodeling in the ovary: regulation and functional role of the plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase systems. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 187: 29-38.
113. NYBERG, P., HEIKKILA, P., SORSA, T., LUOSTARINEN, J., HELJASVAARA, R., STENMAN, U. H., PIHLAJANIEMI, T. and SALO, T. (2003). Endostatin inhibits human tongue carcinoma cell invasion and intravasation and blocks the activation of matrix metalloprotease-2, -9, and -13. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 22404-11.
114. OH, J., TAKAHASHI, R., KONDO, S., MIZOGUCHI, A., ADACHI, E., SASAHARA, R. M., NISHIMURA, S., IMAMURA, Y., KITAYAMA, H., ALEXANDER, D. B., IDE, C., HORAN, T. P., ARAKAWA, T., YOSHIDA, H., NISHIKAWA, S., ITOH, Y., SEIKI, M., ITOHARA, S., TAKAHASHI, C. and NODA, M. (2001). The membrane-anchored MMP inhibitor RECK is a key regulator of extracellular matrix integrity and angiogenesis. Cell. 107: 789-800.
115. OVERALL, C. M. (2002). Molecular determinants of metalloproteinase substrate specificity: matrix metalloproteinase substrate binding domains, modules, and exosites. Mol. Biotechnol. 22: 51-86.
116. OVERALL, C. M. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (2002). Strategies for MMP inhibition in cancer: innovations for the post-trial era. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2: 657-72.
117. OVERALL, C. M., WRANA, J. L. and SODEK, J. (1989). Independent regulation of collagenase, 72-kDa progelatinase, and metalloendoproteinase inhibitor expression in human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-beta. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 1860-9.
118. PAGE-MCCAW, A., SERANO, J., SANTE, J. M. and RUBIN, G. M. (2003). Drosophila matrix metalloproteinases are required for tissue remodeling, but not embryonic development. Dev. Cell. 4: 95-106.
119. PAN, M. R. and HUNG, W. C. (2002). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-2 via suppression of the ERK/Sp1-mediated transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 32775-80.
120. PAVLAKI, M. and ZUCKER, S. (2003). Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs): the beginning of phase I or the termination of phase III clinical trials. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 22: 177-203.
121. PEI, D., KANG, T. and QI, H. (2000). Cysteine array matrix metalloproteinase (CA-MMP)/MMP-23 is a type II transmembrane matrix metalloproteinase regulated by a single cleavage for both secretion and activation. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 33988-97.
122. PEI, D. and WEISS, S. J. (1995). Furin-dependent intracellular activation of the human stromelysin-3 zymogen. Nature. 375: 244-7.
123. PENDAS, A. M., BALBIN, M., LLANO, E., JIMENEZ, M. G. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (1997). Structural analysis and promoter characterization of the human collagenase-3 gene (MMP13). Genomics. 40: 222-33.
124. PENG, K. W., VILE, R., COSSET, F. L. and RUSSELL, S. (1999). Selective transduction of protease-rich tumors by matrix-metalloproteinase-targeted retroviral vectors. Gene Ther. 6: 1552-7.
125. PETITCLERC, E., BOUTAUD, A., PRESTAYKO, A., XU, J., SADO, Y., NINOMIYA, Y., SARRAS, M. P., JR., HUDSON, B. G. and BROOKS, P. C. (2000). New functions for non-collagenous domains of human collagen type IV. Novel integrin ligands inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 8051-61.
126. PILCHER, B. K., DUMIN, J. A., SUDBECK, B. D., KRANE, S. M., WELGUS, H. G. and PARKS, W. C. (1997). The activity of collagenase-1 is required for keratinocyte migration on a type I collagen matrix. J. Cell Biol. 137: 1445-57.
127. POWELL, W. C., FINGLETON, B., WILSON, C. L., BOOTHBY, M. and MATRISIAN, L. M. (1999). The metalloproteinase matrilysin proteolytically generates active soluble Fas ligand and potentiates epithelial cell apoptosis. Curr. Biol. 9: 1441-7.
128. POZZI, A., LEVINE, W. F. and GARDNER, H. A. (2002). Low plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 permit increased tumor angiogenesis. Oncogene. 21: 272-81.
129. PUENTE, X. S., SANCHEZ, L. M., OVERALL, C. M. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (2003). Human and mouse proteases: a comparative genomic approach. Nat. Rev. Genet. 4: 544-58.
130. QI, J. H., EBRAHEM, Q., MOORE, N., MURPHY, G., CLAESSON-WELSH, L., BOND, M., BAKER, A. and ANAND-APTE, B. (2003). A novel function for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3): inhibition of angiogenesis by blockage of VEGF binding to VEGF receptor-2. Nat. Med. 9: 407-15.
131. REUNANEN, N., LI, S. P., AHONEN, M., FOSCHI, M., HAN, J. and KAHARI, V. M. (2002). Activation of p38 alpha MAPK enhances collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1) and stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) expression by mRNA stabilization. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 32360-8.
132. RODRIGUEZ-MANZANEQUE, J. C., LANE, T. F., ORTEGA, M. A., HYNES, R. O., LAWLER, J. and IRUELA-ARISPE, M. L. (2001). Thrombospondin-1 suppresses spontaneous tumor growth and inhibits activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and mobilization of vascular endothelial growth factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98: 12485-90.
133. RUDOLPH-OWEN, L. A., HULBOY, D. L., WILSON, C. L., MUDGETT, J. and MATRISIAN, L. M. (1997). Coordinate expression of matrix metalloproteinase family members in the uterus of normal, matrilysin-deficient, and stromelysin-1-deficient mice. Endocrinology. 138: 4902-11.
134. RUHUL AMIN, A. R., OO, M. L., SENGA, T., SUZUKI, N., FENG, G. S. and HAMAGUCHI, M. (2003). SH2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 regulates concanavalin A-dependent secretion and activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 pathways. Cancer Res. 63: 6334-9.
135. SANCEAU, J., TRUCHET, S. and BAUVOIS, B. (2003). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 silencing by RNA interference triggers the migratory-adhesive switch in Ewing's sarcoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 36537-46.
136. SATO, H., TAKINO, T., OKADA, Y., CAO, J., SHINAGAWA, A., YAMAMOTO, E. and SEIKI, M. (1994). A matrix metalloproteinase expressed on the surface of invasive tumour cells. Nature. 370: 61-5.
137. SATO, T., KOIKE, L., MIYATA, Y., HIRATA, M., MIMAKI, Y., SASHIDA, Y., YANO, M. and ITO, A. (2002). Inhibition of activator protein-1 binding activity and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway by nobiletin, a polymethoxy flavonoid, results in augmentation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 production and suppression of production of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -9 in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. Cancer Res. 62: 1025-9.
138. SCHNEIDER, R. M., MEDVEDOVSKA, Y., HARTL, I., VOELKER, B., CHADWICK, M. P., RUSSELL, S. J., CICHUTEK, K. and BUCHHOLZ, C. J. (2003). Directed evolution of retroviruses activatable by tumour-associated matrix metalloproteases. Gene Ther. 10: 1370-80.
139. SEIKI, M. (2003). Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase: a key enzyme for tumor invasion. Cancer Lett. 194: 1-11.
140. SEO, D. W., LI, H., GUEDEZ, L., WINGFIELD, P. T., DIAZ, T., SALLOUM, R., WEI, B. Y. and STETLER-STEVENSON, W. G. (2003). TIMP-2 mediated inhibition of angiogenesis: an MMP-independent mechanism. Cell. 114: 171-80.
141. SGADARI, C., BARILLARI, G., TOSCHI, E., CARLEI, D., BACIGALUPO, I., BACCARINI, S., PALLADINO, C., LEONE, P., BUGARINI, R., MALAVASI, L, CAFARO, A., FALCHI, M., VALDEMBRI, D., REZZA, G., BUSSOLINO, F., MONINI, P. and ENSOLI, B. (2002). HIV protease inhibitors are potent antiangiogenic molecules and promote regression of Kaposi sarcoma. Nat. Med. 8: 225-32.
142. SHEU, B. C., HSU, S. M., HO, H. N., LIEN, H. C., HUANG, S. C. and LIN, R. H. (2001). A novel role of metalloproteinase in cancer-mediated immunosuppression. Cancer Res. 61: 237-42.
143. SHISHODIA, S., MAJUMDAR, S., BANERJEE, S. and AGGARWAL, B. B. (2003). Ursolic acid inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB activation induced by carcinogenic agents through suppression of IkappaBalpha kinase and p65 phosphorylation: correlation with down-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and cyclin D1. Cancer Res. 63: 4375-83.
144. SIMON, C., GOEPFERT, H. and BOYD, D. (1998). Inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by SB 203580 blocks PMA-induced Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase secretion and in vitro invasion. Cancer Res. 58: 1135-9.
145. SLATON, J. W., KARASHIMA, T., PERROTTE, P., INOUE, K., KIM, S. J., IZAWA, J., KEDAR, D., MCCONKEY, D. J., MILLIKAN, R., SWEENEY, P., YOSHIKAWA, C., SHUIN, T. and DINNEY, C. P. (2001). Treatment with low-dose interferon-alpha restores the balance between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and E-cadherin expression in human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Clin. Cancer Res. 7: 2840-53.
146. SOLBERG, H., RINKENBERGER, J., DANO, K., WERB, Z. and LUND, L. R. (2003). A functional overlap of plasminogen and MMPs regulates vascularization during placental development. Development. 130: 4439-50.
147. SOUNNI, N. E., DEVY, L., HAJITOU, A., FRANKENNE, F., MUNAUT, C., GILLES, C., DEROANNE, C., THOMPSON, E. W., FOIDART, J. M. and NOEL, A. (2002). MT1-MMP expression promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis through an up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. FASEB J. 16: 555-64.
148. SOUNNI, N. E., JANSSEN, M., FOIDART, J. M. and NOEL, A. (2003). Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase and TIMP-2 in tumor angiogenesis. Matrix Biol. 22: 55-61.
149. STRONGIN, A. Y., COLLIER, I., BANNIKOV, G., MARMER, B. L., GRANT, G. A. and GOLDBERG, G. I. (1995). Mechanism of cell surface activation of 72-kDa type IV collagenase. Isolation of the activated form of the membrane metalloprotease. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 5331-8.
150. SUN, Y., CHEUNG, J. M., MARTEL-PELLETIER, J., PELLETIER, J. P., WENGER, L., ALTMAN, R. D., HOWELL, D. S. and CHEUNG, H. S. (2000). Wild type and mutant p53 differentially regulate the gene expression of human collagenase-3 (hMMP-13). J. Biol. Chem. 275: 11327-32.
151. TAKADA, Y. and AGGARWAL, B. B. (2003). Betulinic acid suppresses carcinogen-induced NF-kappa B activation through inhibition of I kappa B alpha kinase and p65 phosphorylation: abrogation of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloprotease-9. J. Immunol. 171: 3278-86.
152. TAM, E. M., WU, Y. I., BUTLER, G. S., STACK, M. S. and OVERALL, C. M. (2002). Collagen binding properties of the membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1 -MMP) hemopexin C domain. The ectodomain of the 44-kDa autocatalytic product of MT1-MMP inhibits cell invasion by disrupting native type I collagen cleavage. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 39005-14.
153. TANIMURA, S., ASATO, K., FUJISHIRO, S. H. and KOHNO, M. (2003). Specific blockade of the ERK pathway inhibits the invasiveness of tumor cells: down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3/-9/-14 and CD44. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 304: 801-6.
154. THOMAS, G. (2002). Furin at the cutting edge: from protein traffic to embryogenesis and disease. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3: 753-66.
155. TOWER, G. B., COON, C. I., BELGUISE, K., CHALBOS, D. and BRINCKERHOFF, C. E. (2003). Fra-1 targets the AP-1 site/2G single nucleotide polymorphism (ETS site) in the MMP-1 promoter. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 4216-25.
156. UEDA, J., KAJITA, M., SUENAGA, N., FUJII, K. and SEIKI, M. (2003). Sequence-specific silencing of MT1-MMP expression suppresses tumor cell migration and invasion: importance of MT1-MMP as a therapeutic target for invasive tumors. Oncogene. 22: 8716-22.
157. URIA, J. A., JIMENEZ, M. G., BALBINI M., FREIJE, J. M. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (1998). Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta on the expression of collagenase-1 and collagenase-3 in human fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 9769-77.
158. URIA, J. A. and LOPEZ-OTIN C. (2000). Matrilysin-2, a new matrix metalloproteinase expressed in human tumors and showing the minimal domain organization required for secretion, latency, and activity. Cancer Res. 60: 4745-51.
159. VAN DEN STEEN, P. E., DUBOIS, B., NELISSEN, I., RUDDI P. M., DWEK, R. A. and OPDENAKKER, G. (2002). Biochemistry and molecular biology of gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 37: 375-536.
160. VAN WART, H. E. and BIRKEDAL-HANSEN, H. (1990). The cysteine switch: a principle of regulation of metalloproteinase activity with potential applicability to the entire matrix metalloproteinase gene family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 5578-82.
161. VAZQUEZ, F., HASTINGS, G., ORTEGA, M. A., LANE, T. F., OIKEMUS, S., LOMBARDO, M. and IRUELA-ARISPE, M. L. (1999). METH-1, a human ortholog of ADAMTS-1, and METH-2 are members of a new family of proteins with angio-inhibitory activity. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 23349-57.
162. VELASCO, G., PENDAS, A. M., FUEYO, A., KNAUPER, V., MURPHY, G. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (1999). Cloning and characterization of human MMP-23, a new matrix metalloproteinase predominantly expressed in reproductive tissues and lacking conserved domains in other family members. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 4570-6.
163. VISSE, R. and NAGASE, H. (2003). Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function, and biochemistry. Circ. Res. 92:827-39.
164. VU, T. H., SHIPLEY, J. M., BERGERS, G., BERGER, J. E., HELMS, J. A., HANAHAN, D., SHAPIRO, S. D., SENIOR, R. M. and WERB, Z. (1998). MMP-9/gelatinase B is a key regulator of growth plate angiogenesis and apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Cell. 93: 411-22.
165. VU, T. H. and WERB, Z. (2000). Matrix metalloproteinases: effectors of development and normal physiology. Genes Dev. 14: 2123-33.
166. WESTERMARCK, J. and KAHARI, V. M. (1999). Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in tumor invasion. FASEB J. 13: 781-92.
167. WIELOCKX, B., LANNOY, K., SHAPIRO, S. D., ITOH, T., ITOHARA, S., VANDEKERCKHOVE, J. and LIBERT, C. (2001). Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases blocks lethal hepatitis and apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor and allows safe antitumor therapy. Nat. Med. 7: 1202-8.
168. WILLIAMSON, R. A., MARSTON, F. A., ANGAL, S., KOKLITIS, P., PANICO, M., MORRIS, H. R., CARNE, A. F., SMITH, B. J., HARRIS, T. J. and FREEDMAN, R. B. (1990). Disulphide bond assignment in human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). Biochem. J. 268: 267-74.
169. WISEMAN, B. S., STERNLICHT, M. D., LUND, L. R., ALEXANDER, C. M., MOTT, J., BISSELL, M. J., SOLOWAY, P., ITOHARA, S. and WERB, Z. (2003). Site-specific inductive and inhibitory activities of MMP-2 and MMP-3 orchestrate mammary gland branching morphogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 162: 1123-33.
170. WITTY, J. P., LEMPKA, T., COFFEY, R. J., JR. and MATRISIAN, L. M. (1995). Decreased tumor formation in 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-treated stromelysin-1 transgenic mice is associated with alterations in mammary epithelial cell apoptosis. Cancer Res. 55: 1401-6.
171. WOJTOWICZ-PRAGA, S., LOW, J., MARSHALL, J., NESS, E., DICKSON, R., BARTER, J., SALE, M., MCCANN, P., MOORE, J., COLE, A. and HAWKINS, M. J. (1996). Phase I trial of a novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat (BB-94) in patients with advanced cancer. Invest. New Drugs. 14:193-202.
172. WOLF, K., MAZO, I., LEUNG, H., ENGELKE, K., VON ANDRIAN, U. H., DERYUGINA, E. I., STRONGIN, A. Y., BROCKER, E. B. and FRIEDL, P. (2003). Compensation mechanism in tumor cell migration: mesenchymal-amoeboid transition after blocking of pericellular proteolysis. J. Cell Biol. 160: 267-77.
173. WOO, J. H., LIM, J. H., KIM, Y. H., SUH, S. I., MIN, D. S., CHANG, J. S., LEE, Y. H., PARK, J. W. and KWON, T. K. (2003a). Resveratrol inhibits phorbol myristate acetate-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by inhibiting JNK and PKC delta signal transduction. Oncogene. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207307.
174. WOO, J. H., PARK, J. W., LEE, S. H., KIM, Y. H., LEE, I. K., GABRIELSON, E., LEE, H. J., KHO, Y. H. and KWON, T. K. (2003b). Dykellic acid inhibits phorbol myristate acetate-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B transcriptional activity. Cancer Res. 63: 3430-4.
175. WYATT, C. A., COON, C. I., GIBSON, J. J. and BRINCKERHOFF, C. E. (2002). Potential for the 2G single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of matrix metalloproteinase to enhance gene expression in normal stromal cells. Cancer Res. 62: 7200-2.
176. YANA, I. and WEISS, S. J. (2000). Regulation of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase activation by proprotein convertases. Mol. Biol. Cell. 11: 2387-401.
177. YANG, J., FIZAZI, K., PELEG, S., SIKES, C. R., RAYMOND, A. K., JAMAL, N., HU, M., OLIVE, M., MARTINEZ, L. A., WOOD, C. G., LOGOTHETIS, C. J., KARSENTY, G. and NAVONE, N. M. (2001 a). Prostate cancer cells induce osteoblast differentiation through a Cbfa1-dependent pathway. Cancer Res. 61: 5652-9.
178. YANG, Z., STRICKLAND, D. K. and BORNSTEIN, P. (2001 b). Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase 2 levels are regulated by the low density lipoprotein-related scavenger receptor and thrombospondin 2. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 8403-8.
179. YU, C., PAN, K., XING, D., LIANG, G., TAN, W., ZHANG, L. and LIN, D. (2002). Correlation between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-2 promoter and risk of lung cancer. Cancer Res. 62: 6430-3.
180. YU, Q. and STAMENKOVIC, I. (2000). Cell surface-localized matrix metalloproteinase-9 proteolytically activates TGF-beta and promotes tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Genes Dev. 14: 163-76.
181. ZACCHIGNA, S., ZENTILIN, L., MORINI, M., DELL'EVA, R., NOONAN, D. M., ALBINI, A. and GIACCA, M. (2004). AAV-mediated gene transfer of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 inhibits vascular tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther. 11: 73-80.
182. ZHANG, Y., THANT, A. A., MACHIDA, K., ICHIGOTANI, Y., NAITO, Y., HIRAIWA, Y., SENGA, T., SOHARA, Y., MATSUDA, S. and HAMAGUCHI, M. (2002). Hyaluronan-CD44s signaling regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion in a human lung carcinoma cell line QG90. Cancer Res. 62: 3962-5.
183. ZHOU, Z., APTE, S. S., SOININEN, R., CAO, R., BAAKLINI, G. Y., RAUSER, R. W., WANG, J., CAO, Y. and TRYGGVASON, K. (2000). Impaired endochondral ossification and angiogenesis in mice deficient in membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97: 4052-7.
184. ZHU, Y., SPITZ, M. R., LEI, L., MILLS, G. B. and WU, X. (2001). A single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter enhances lung cancer susceptibility. Cancer Res. 61: 7825-9.
185. ZUCKER, S., PEI, D., CAO, J. and LOPEZ-OTIN, C. (2003). Membrane type-matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMP). Curr. Top Dev. Biol. 54: 1-74.