Manipulating dendritic cell biology for the active immunotherapy of cancer

Blood

Volumn 104, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 2235-2246

  O'Neill, David W ^a   Adams, Sylvia ^a   Bhardwaj, Nina ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AQUAPORIN; BETA GLUCAN; CD209 ANTIGEN; CD36 ANTIGEN; CHAPERONE; CHEMOKINE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR1; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR2; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR4; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR6; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR7; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR1; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR2; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR3; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4; FC RECEPTOR; FLT3 LIGAND; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; INTEGRIN; LECTIN RECEPTOR; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1ALPHA; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1BETA; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 3BETA; MELANOMA ANTIGEN 1; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; RANTES; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; TUMOR ANTIGEN; VACCINE;

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CELL INTERACTION; CELL MATURATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENDRITIC CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE; TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE; VACCINATION;

EID: 4944223122     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-12-4392     Document Type: Review

References (159)

1. Dunn GP, Bruce AT, Ikeda H, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape. Nat Immunol. 2002;3:991-998.
2. Zhang L, Conejo-Garcia JR, Katsaros D, et al. Intratumoral T cells, recurrence, and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348:203-213.
3. Berzofsky JA, Ahlers JD, Belyakov IM. Strategies for designing and optimizing new generation vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol. 2001;1:209-219.
4. Finn OJ. Cancer vaccines: between the idea and the reality. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:630-641.
5. Davis ID, Jefford M, Parente P, Cebon J. Rational approaches to human cancer immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol. 2003;73:3-29.
6. Banchereau J, Briere F, Caux C, et al. Immunobiology of dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:767-811.
7. Ardavin C, Amigorena S, Reis e Sousa C. Dendritic cells: immunobiology and cancer immunotherapy. Immunity. 2004;20:17-23.
8. Timmerman JM, Levy R. Dendritic cell vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Annu Rev Med. 1999; 50:507-529.
9. Schuler G, Schuler-Thurner B, Steinman RM. The use of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003;15:138-147.
10. Shortman K, Liu YJ. Mouse and human dendritic cell subtypes. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2:151-161.
11. Karsunky H, Merad M, Cozzio A, Weissman IL, Manz MG. Flt3 ligand regulates dendritic cell development from Flt3+ lymphoidand myeloid-committed progenitors to Flt3+ dendritic cells in vivo. J Exp Med. 2003;198:305-313.
12. D'Amico A, Wu L. The early progenitors of mouse dendritic cells and plasmacytoid predendritic cells are within the bone marrow hemopoietic precursors expressing Flt3. J Exp Med. 2003;198:293-303.
13. Fonteneau JF, Gilliet M, Larsson M, et al. Activation of influenza virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells: a new role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells in adaptive immunity. Blood. 2003;101:3520-3526.
14. Salio M, Cella M, Vermi W, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells prime IFN-gamma-secreting melanoma-specific CD8 lymphocytes and are found in primary melanoma lesions. Eur J Immunol. 2003;33:1052-1062.
15. Ebner S, Ehammer Z, Holzmann S, et al. Expression of C-type lectin receptors by subsets of dendritic cells in human skin. Int Immunol. 2004;16: 877-887.
16. Cambi A, Figdor CG. Dual function of C-type lectin-like receptors in the immune system. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2003;15:539-546.
17. Reiser L, Mukhopadhyay S, Gordon S. Scavenger receptors in innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 2002;14:123-128.
18. Delneste Y, Magistrelli G. Gauchat J, et al. Involvement of LOX-1 in dendritic cell-mediated antigen cross-presentation. Immunity. 2002;17:353-362.
19. Basu S, Binder RJ, Ramalingam T, Srivastava PK. CD91 is a common receptor for heat shock proteins gp96, hsp90, hsp70, and calreticulin. Immunity. 2001;14:303-313.
20. Bonifaz L, Bonnyay D, Mahnke K, Rivera M, Nussenzweig MC, Steinman RM. Efficient targeting of protein antigen to the dendritic cell receptor DEC-205 in the steady state leads to antigen presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I products and peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance. J Exp Med. 2002;196:1627-1638.
21. Albert ML, Pearce SF, Francisco LM, et al. Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via alphavbeta5 and CD36, and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1998;188:1359-1368.
22. Guermonprez P, Valladeau J, Zitvogel L, Thery C, Amigorena S. Antigen presentation and T cell stimulation by dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2002;20:621-667.
23. Guermonprez P, Saveanu L, Kleijmeer M, Davoust J, Van Endert P, Amigorena S. ER-phagosome fusion defines an MHC class I cross-presentation compartment in dendritic cells. Nature. 2003;425:397-402.
24. Fonteneau JF, Larsson M, Bhardwaj N. Interactions between dead cells and dendritic cells in the induction of antiviral CTL responses. Curr Opin Immunol. 2002;14:471-477.
25. Ackerman AL, Kyritsis C, Tampe R, Cresswell P. Early phagosomes in dendritic cells form a cellular compartment sufficient for cross presentation of exogenous antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:12889-12894.
26. Moody DB, Porcelli SA. Intracellular pathways of CD1 antigen presentation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:11-22.
27. Joyce S, Van Kaer L. CD1-restricted antigen presentation: an oily matter. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003;15:95-104.
28. Matzinger P. The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science. 2002;296:301-305.
29. Fujimoto Y, Tu L, Miller AS, et al. CD83 expression influences CD4+ T cell development in the thymus. Cell. 2002;108:755-767.
30. Lechmann M, Berchtold S, Hauber J, Steinkasserer A. CD83 on dendritic cells: more than just a marker for maturation. Trends Immunol. 2002;23:273-275.
31. Diebold SS, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, Akira S, Reis ESC. Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science. 2004;303:1529-1531.
32. Heil F, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, et al. Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science. 2004;303:1526-1529.
33. Lund J, Sato A, Akira S, Medzhitov R, Iwasaki A. Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of Herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2003;198:513-520.
34. Soumelis V, Reche PA, Kanzler H, et al. Human epithelial cells trigger dendritic cell mediated allergic inflammation by producing TSLP. Nat Immunol. 2002;3:673-680.
35. Le Bon A, Etchart N, Rossmann C, et al. Cross-priming of CD8+ T cells stimulated by virus-induced type I Interferon. Nat Immunol. 2003;4: 1009-1015.
36. Nguyen LT, Radhakrishnan S, Ciric B, et al. Cross-linking the B7 family molecule B7-DC directly activates immune functions of dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2002;196:1393-1398.
37. Sedlik C, Orbach D, Veron P, et al. A critical role for Syk protein tyrosine kinase in Fc receptor-mediated antigen presentation and induction of dendritic cell maturation. J Immunol. 2003;170:846-852.
38. Shi Y, Evans JE, Rock KL. Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature. 2003;425:516-521.
39. Bouchon A, Hernandez-Munain C, Cella M, Colonna M. A DAP12-mediated pathway regulates expression of CC chemokine receptor 7 and maturation of human dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2001;194:1111-1122.
40. Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira A. Toll-like receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:335-376.
41. Kadowaki N, Ho S, Antonenko S, et al. Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens. J Exp Med. 2001;194:863-869.
42. Hornung V, Rothenfusser S, Britsch S, et al. Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Immunol. 2002;168:4531-4537.
43. Jarrossay D, Napolitani G, Colonna M, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Specialization and complementarity in microbial molecule recognition by human myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol. 2001;31:3388-3393.
44. Kopp E, Medzhitov R. Recognition of microbial infection by Toll-like receptors. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003;15:396-401.
45. Agrawal S, Agrawal A, Doughty B, et al. Cutting edge: different toll-like receptor agonists instruct dendritic cells to induce distinct Th responses via differential modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mitogen- activated protein kinase and c-Fos. J Immunol. 2003;171:4984-4989.
46. Trombetta ES, Ebersold M, Garrett W, Pypaert M, Mellman I. Activation of lysosomal function during dendritic cell maturation. Science. 2003;299: 1400-1403.
47. Larsson M, Fonteneau JF, Somersan S, et al. Efficiency of cross presentation of vaccinia virus-derived antigens by human dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol. 2001;31:3432-3442.
48. Delamarre L, Holcombe H, Mellman I. Presentation of exogenous antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II molecules is differentially regulated during dendritic cell maturation. J Exp Med. 2003:198:111-122.
49. Datta SK, Redecke V, Prilliman KR, et al. A subset of Toll-like receptor ligands induces cross-presentation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2003;170:4102-4110.
50. Kikutani H, Kumanogoh A. Semaphores in interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:159-167.
51. Curiel TJ, Wei S, Dong H, et al. Blockade of B7-H1 improves myeloid dendritic cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Nat Med. 2003;9:562-567.
52. Shin T, Kennedy G, Gorski K, et al. Cooperative B7-1/2 (CD80/CD86) and B7-DC costimulation of CD4+ T cells independent of the PD-1 receptor. J Exp Med. 2003;198:31-38.
53. Watanabe N, Gavrieli M, Sedy JR, et al. BTLA is a lymphocyte inhibitory receptor with similarities to CTLA-4 and PD-1. Nat Immunol. 2003;4:670-679.
54. Suh WK, Gajewska BU, Okada H, et al. The B7 family member B7-H3 preferentially down-regulates T helper type 1-mediated immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2003;4:899-906.
55. Kabashima K, Murata T, Tanaka H, et al. Thromboxane A2 modulates interaction of dendritic cells and T cells and regulates acquired immunity. Nat Immunol. 2003;4:694-701.
56. Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F. The instructive role of dendritic cells on T cell responses: lineages, plasticity and kinetics. Curr Opin Immunol. 2001;13: 291-298.
57. Akbari O, DeKruyff RH, Umetsu DT. Pulmonary dendritic cells producing IL-10 mediate tolerance induced by respiratory exposure to antigen. Nat Immunol. 2001;2:725-731.
58. Mora JR, Bono MR, Manjunath N, et al. Selective imprinting of gut-homing T cells by Peyer's patch dendritic cells. Nature. 2003;424:88-93.
59. Kim CH, Nagata K, Butcher EC. Dendritic cells support sequential reprogramming of chemoattractant receptor profiles during naive to effector T cell differentiation. J Immunol. 2003;171:152-158.
60. Usui T, Nishikomori R, Kitani A, Strober W. GATA-3 suppresses Th1 development by down-regulation of Stat4 and not through effects on IL-12Rbeta2 chain or T-bet. Immunity. 2003;18:415-428.
61. Murphy KM, Reiner SL. The lineage decisions of helper T cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2:933-944.
62. Stoll S, Delon J, Brotz TM, Germain RN. Dynamic imaging of T cell-dendritic cell interactions in lymph nodes. Science. 2002;296:1873-1876.
63. Miller MJ, Wei SH, Parker I, Cahalan MD. Two-photon imaging of lymphocyte motility and antigen response in intact lymph node. Science. 2002;296:1869-1873.
64. Bousso P, Robey E. Dynamics of CD8+ T cell priming by dendritic cells in intact lymph nodes. Nat Immunol. 2003;4:579-585.
65. Gert AV, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A, Geginat J. T cell fitness determined by signal strength. Nat Immunol. 2003;4:355-360.
66. van Stipdonk MJ, Hardenberg G, Bijker MS, et al. Dynamic programming of CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. Nat Immunol. 2003;4:361-365.
67. Shedlock DJ, Shen H. Requirement for CD4 T cell help in generating functional CD8 T cell memory. Science. 2003;300:337-339.
68. Sun JC, Bevan MJ. Defective CD8 T cell memory following acute infection without CD4 T cell help. Science. 2003;300:339-342.
69. Janssen EM, Lemmens EE, Wolfe T, Christen U, von Herrath MG, Schoenberger SP. CD4+ T cells are required for secondary expansion and memory in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Nature. 2003; 421:852-856.
70. Schoenberger SP, Toes RE, van der Voort EI, Offringa R, Melief CJ. T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40-CD40L interactions. Nature. 1998;393:480-483.
71. Croft M. Co-stimulatory members of the TNFR family: keys to effective T-cell immunity? Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:609-620.
72. Rogers PR, Song J, Gramaglia I, Killeen N, Croft M. OX40 promotes Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 expression and is essential for long-term survival of CD4 T cells. Immunity. 2001;15:445-455.
73. Lee PK, Chang CJ, Lin CM. Lipopolysaccharide preferentially induces 4-1BB ligand expression on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Immunol Lett. 2003;90:215-221.
74. Bukczynski J, Wen T, Ellefsen K, Gauldie J, Watts TH. Costimulatory ligand 4-1BBL (CD137L) as an efficient adjuvant for human antiviral cytotoxic T cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101:1291-1296.
75. Wiethe C, Dittmar K, Doan T, Lindenmaier W, Tindle R. Provision of 4-1BB ligand enhances effector and memory CTL responses generated by immunization with dendritic cells expressing a human tumor-associated antigen. J Immunol. 2003;170:2912-2922.
76. Litinskiy MB, Nardelli B, Hubert DM, et al. DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class switching through BLyS and APRIL. Nat Immunol. 2002;3:822-829.
77. Mackay F, Schneider P, Rennert P, Browning J. BAFF and APRIL: a tutorial on B cell survival. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:231-264.
78. Balazs M, Martin F, Zhou T, Kearney J. Blood dendritic cells interact with splenic marginal zone B cells to initiate T-independent immune responses. Immunity. 2002;17:341-352.
79. Jego G, Palucka AK, Blanck JP, Chalouni C, Pascual V, Banchereau J. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce plasma cell differentiation through type I interferon and interleukin 6. Immunity. 2003;19:225-234.
80. Ferlazzo G, Munz C. NK cell compartments and their activation by dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2004;172:1333-1339.
81. Mocikat R, Braumuller H, Gumy A, et al. Natural killer cells activated by MHC class I(low) targets prime dendritic cells to induce protective CD8 T cell responses. Immunity. 2003;19:561-569.
82. Fujii S, Shimizu K, Smith C, Bonifaz L, Steinman RM. Activation of natural killer T cells by alpha-galactosylceramide rapidly induces the full maturation of dendritic cells in vivo and thereby acts as an adjuvant for combined CD4 and CD8 T cell immunity to a coadministered protein. J Exp Med. 2003;198:267-279.
83. Hermans IF, Silk JD, Gileadi U, et al. NKT cells enhance CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to soluble antigen in vivo through direct interaction with dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2003;171:5140-5147.
84. Probst HC, Lagnel J, Kollias G, van den Broek M. Inducible transgenic mice reveal resting dendritic cells as potent inducers of CD8+ T cell tolerance. Immunity. 2003;18:713-720.
85. Jonuleit H, Schmitt E, Schuler G, Knop J, Enk AH. Induction of interleukin 10-producing, non-proliferating CD4(+) T cells with regulatory properties by repetitive stimulation with allogeneic immature human dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2000; 192:1213-1222.
86. Roncarolo MG, Levings MK, Traversari C. Differentiation of T regulatory cells by immature dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2001;193:F5-9.
87. Wakkach A, Fournier N, Brun V, Breittmayer JP, Cottrez F, Groux H. Characterization of dendritic cells that induce tolerance and T regulatory 1 cell differentiation in vivo. Immunity. 2003;18:605-617.
88. Sato K, Yamashita N, Baba M, Matsuyama T. Regulatory dendritic cells protect mice from murine acute graft-versus-host disease and leukemia relapse. Immunity. 2003;18:367-379.
89. Cheng F, Wang HW, Cuenca A, et al. A critical role for Stat3 signaling in immune tolerance. Immunity. 2003;19:425-436.
90. Martin E, O'Sullivan B, Low P, Thomas R. Antigen-specific suppression of a primed immune response by dendritic cells mediated by regulatory T cells secreting interleukin-10. Immunity. 2003;18:155-167.
91. Chang CC, Ciubotariu R, Manavalan JS, et al. Tolerization of dendritic cells by T(S) cells: the crucial role of inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4. Nat Immunol. 2002;3:237-243.
92. Munn DH, Sharma MD, Lee JR, et al. Potential regulatory function of human dendritic cells expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Science. 2002;297:1867-1870.
93. Fallarino F, Grohmann U, Hwang KW, et al. Modulation of tryptophan catabolism by regulatory cells. Nat Immunol. 2003;4:1206-1212.
94. Mellor AL, Baban B, Chandler P, et al. Cutting edge: induced indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase expression in dendritic cell subsets suppresses T cell clonal expansion. J Immunol. 2003;171:1652-1655.
95. Zou W, Machelon V, Coulomb-L'Hermin A, et al. Stromal-derived factor-1 in human tumors recruits and alters the function of plasmacytoid precursor dendritic cells. Nat Med. 2001;7:1339-1346.
96. Steinman RM, Hawiger D, Nussenzweig MC. Tolerogenic dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:685-711.
97. Jonuleit H, Schmitt E. The regulatory T cell family: distinct subsets and their interrelations. J Immunol. 2003;171:6323-6327.
98. Jonuleit H, Giesecke-Tuettenberg A, Tuting T, et al. A comparison of two types of dendritic cell as adjuvants for the induction of melanoma-specific T-cell responses in humans following intranodal injection. Int J Cancer. 2001;93:243-251.
99. Dhodapkar MV, Steinman RM, Krasovsky J, Munz C, Bhardwaj N. Antigen-specific inhibition of effector cell function in humans after injection of immature dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2001;193: 233-238.
100. Francois Bach J. Regulatory T cells under scrutiny. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:189-198.
101. Sakaguchi S. Control of immune responses by naturally arising CD4+ regulatory T cells that express toll-like receptors. J Exp Med. 2003; 197: 397-401.
102. Pasare C, Medzhitov R. Toll pathway-dependent blockade of CD4+CD25+ T cell-mediated suppression by dendritic cells. Science. 2003;299: 1033-1036.
103. Thumann P, Moc I, Humrich J, et al. Antigen loading of dendritic cells with whole tumor cell preparations. J Immunol Methods. 2003;277:1-16.
104. Schuler-Thurner B, Schultz ES, Berger TG, et al. Rapid induction of tumor-specific type 1 T helper cells in metastatic melanoma patients by vaccination with mature, cryopreserved, peptide-loaded monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2002;195:1279-1288.
105. Thurner B, Roder C, Dieckmann D, et al. Generation of large numbers of fully mature and stable dendritic cells from leukapheresis products for clinical application. J Immunol Methods. 1999; 223:1-15.
106. Bender A, Sapp M, Schuler G, Steinman RM, Bhardwaj N. Improved methods for the generation of dendritic cells from nonproliferating progenitors in human blood. J Immunol Methods. 1996;196:121-135.
107. Banchereau J, Palucka AK, Dhodapkar M, et al. Immune and clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma to CD34(+) progenitor-derived dendritic cell vaccine. Cancer Res. 2001; 61:6451-6458.
108. Strobl H, Bello-Fernandez C, Riedl E, et al. flt3 ligand in cooperation with transforming growth factor-beta1 potentiates in vitro development of Langerhans-type dendritic cells and allows single-cell dendritic cell cluster formation under serum-free conditions. Blood. 1997;90:1425-1434.
109. Hsu FJ, Benike C, Fagnoni F, et al. Vaccination of patients with B-cell lymphoma using autologous antigen-pulsed dendritic cells. Nat Med. 1996;2:52-58.
110. Fong L, Hou Y, Rivas A, et al. Altered peptide ligand vaccination with Flt3 ligand expanded dendritic cells for tumor immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:8809-8814.
111. Jonuleit H, Kuhn U, Muller G, et al. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins induce maturation of potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells under fetal calf serum-free conditions. Eur J Immunol. 1997;27:3135-3142.
112. Kalinski P, Vieira PL, Schuitemaker JH, de Jong EC, Kapsenberg ML. Prostaglandin E(2) is a selective inducer of interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12p40) production and an inhibitor of bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimer. Blood. 2001;97:3466-3469.
113. Lee AW, Truong T, Bickham K, et al. A clinical grade cocktail of cytokines and PGE(2) results in uniform maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells: implications for immunotherapy. Vaccine. 2002;20(Suppl 4):A8-A22.
114. Vlad AM, Muller S, Cudic M, et al. Complex carbohydrates are not removed during processing of glycoproteins by dendritic cells: processing of tumor antigen MUC1 glycopeptides for presentation to major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells. J Exp Med. 2002;196:1435-1446.
115. Choudhury A, Gajewski JL, Liang JC, et al. Use of leukemic dendritic cells for the generation of antileukemic cellular cytotoxicity against Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 1997;89:1133-1142.
116. Dhodapkar MV, Steinman RM, Sapp M, et al. Rapid generation of broad T-cell immunity in humans after a single injection of mature dendritic cells. J Clin Invest. 1999;104:173-180.
117. Wang RF, Wang HY. Enhancement of antitumor immunity by prolonging antigen presentation on dendritic cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2002;20:149-154.
118. Timmerman JM, Czerwinski DK, Davis TA, et al. Idiotype-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination for B-cell lymphoma: clinical and immune responses in 35 patients. Blood. 2002;99:1517-1526.
119. Heiser A, Coleman D, Dannull J, et al. Autologous dendritic cells transfected with prostate-specific antigen RNA stimulate CTL responses against metastatic prostate tumors. J Clin Invest. 2002; 109:409-417.
120. Engelmayer J, Larsson M, Lee A, et al. Mature dendritic cells infected with canarypox virus elicit strong anti-human immunodeficiency virus CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses from chronically infected individuals. J Virol. 2001;75:2142-2153.
121. Klein C, Bueler H, Mulligan RC. Comparative analysis of genetically modified dendritic cells and tumor cells as therapeutic cancer vaccines. J Exp Med. 2000;191:1699-1708.
122. Larregina AT, Morelli AE, Tkacheva O, et al. Highly efficient expression of transgenic proteins by naked DNA-transfected dendritic cells through terminal differentiation. Blood. 2004;103:811-819.
123. Fong L, Brockstedt D, Benike C, et al. Dendritic cell-based xenoantigen vaccination for prostate cancer immunotherapy. J Immunol. 2001;167:7150-7156.
124. Su Z, Dannull J, Heiser A, et al. Immunological and clinical responses in metastatic renal cancer patients vaccinated with tumor RNA-transfected dendritic cells. Cancer Res. 2003;63:2127-2133.
125. Holtl L, Zelle-Heiser C, Gander H, et al. Immunotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with tumor lysate-pulsed autologous dendritic cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8:3369-3376.
126. O'Rourke MG, Johnson M, Lanagan C, et al. Durable complete clinical responses in a phase I/II trial using an autologous melanoma cell/dendritic cell vaccine. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2003; 52:387-395.
127. Mullins DW, Sheasley SL, Ream RM, et al. Route of immunization with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells controls the distribution of memory and effector T cells in lymphoid tissues and determines the pattern of regional tumor control. J Exp Med. 2003;198:1023-1034.
128. Fong L, Brockstedt D, Benike C, Wu L, Engleman EG. Dendritic cells injected via different routes induce immunity in cancer patients. J Immunol. 2001;166:4254-4259.
129. Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, et al. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:205-216.
130. Slingluff C, Petroni G, Yamshchikov G, et al. Clinical and immunologic results of a randomized phase II trial of vaccination using four melanoma peptides either administered in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adjuvant or pulsed on dendritic cells. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:4016-4026.
131. Schultz ES, Schuler-Thumer B, Stroobant V, et al. Functional analysis of tumor-specific Th cell responses detected in melanoma patients after dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. J Immunol. 2004;172:1304-1310.
132. Brossant P, Wirths S, Stuhler G, Reichardt VL, Kanz L, Brugger W. Induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in vivo after vaccinations with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Blood. 2000;96:3102-3108.
133. Maier T, Tun-Kyi A, Tassis A, et al. Vaccination of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma using intranodal injection of autologous tumor-lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Blood. 2003;102:2338-2344.
134. Schnell S, Young JW, Houghton AN, Sadelain M. Retrovirally transduced mouse dendritic cells require CD4+ T cell help to elicit antitumor immunity: implications for the clinical use of dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2000;164:1243-1250.
135. Rafiq K, Bergtold A, Clynes R. Immune complex-mediated antigen presentation induces tumor immunity. J Clin Invest. 2002;110:71-79.
136. Dhodapkar KM, Krasovsky J, Williamson B, Dhodapkar MV. Antitumor monoclonal antibodies enhance cross-presentation of cellular antigens and the generation of myeloma-specific killer T cells by dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2002;195:125-133.
137. Zhao Y, Boczkowski D, Nair SK, Gilboa E. Inhibition of invariant chain expression in dendritic cells presenting endogenous antigens stimulates CD4+ T-cell responses and tumor immunity. Blood. 2003;102:4137-4142.
138. Su Z, Vieweg J, Weizer AZ, et al. Enhanced induction of telomerase-specific CD4(+) T cells using dendritic cells transfected with RNA encoding a chimeric gene product. Cancer Res. 2002; 62:5041-5048.
139. Kumamoto T, Huang EK, Paek HJ, et al. Induction of tumor-specific protective immunity by in situ Langerhans cell vaccine. Nat Biotechnol. 2002;20:64-69.
140. Merad M, Sugie T, Engleman EG, Fong L. In vivo manipulation of dendritic cells to induce therapeutic immunity. Blood. 2002;99:1676-1682.
141. Cho HJ, Takabayashi K, Cheng PM, et al. Immunostimulatory DNA-based vaccines induce cytotoxic lymphocyte activity by a T-helper cell-independent mechanism. Nat Biotechnol. 2000;18: 509-514.
142. Belli F, Testori A, Rivoltini L, et al. Vaccination of metastatic melanoma patients with autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein gp96-peptide complexes: clinical and immunologic findings. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:4169-4180.
143. Gold JS, Ferrone CR, Guevara-Patino JA, et al. A single heteroclitic epitope determines cancer immunity after xenogeneic DNA immunization against a tumor differentiation antigen. J Immunol. 2003;170:5188-5194.
144. Kim TW, Hung CF, Ling M, et al. Enhancing DNA vaccine potency by coadministration of DNA encoding antiapoptotic proteins. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:109-117.
145. Leitner WW, Hwang LN, deVeer MJ, et al. Alpha-virus-based DNA vaccine breaks immunological tolerance by activating innate antiviral pathways. Nat Med. 2003;9:33-39.
146. Barouch DH, Craiu A, Kuroda MJ, et al. Augmentation of immune responses to HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccines by IL-2/1g plasmid administration in rhesus monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:4192-4197.
147. Nair S, McLaughlin C, Weizer A, et al. Injection of immature dendritic cells into adjuvant-treated skin obviates the need for ex vivo maturation. J Immunol. 2003;171:6275-6282.
148. Tirapu I, Rodriguez-Calvillo M, Qian C, et al. Cytokine gene transfer into dendritic cells for cancer treatment. Curr Gene Ther. 2002;2:79-89.
149. Martin-Fontecha A, Sebastiani S, Hopken UE, et al. Regulation of dendritic cell migration to the draining lymph node: impact on T lymphocyte traffic and priming. J Exp Med. 2003;198:615-621.
150. Wu DY, Segal NH, Sidobre S, Kronenberg M, Chapman PB. Cross-presentation of disialoganglioside GD3 to natural killer T cells. J Exp Med. 2003;198:173-181.
151. Hodi FS, Mihm MC, Soiffer RJ, et al. Biologic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody blockade in previously vaccinated metastatic melanoma and ovarian carcinoma patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:4712-4717.
152. Phan GQ, Yang JC, Sherry RM, et al. Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:8372-8377.
153. Tanaka H, Tanaka J, Kjaergaard J, Shu S. Depletion of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory cells augments the generation of specific immune T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. J Immunother. 2002;25:207-217.
154. Oldenhove G, de Heusch M, Urbain-Vansanten G, et al. CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells control T helper cell type 1 responses to foreign antigens induced by mature dendritic cells in vivo. J Exp Med. 2003;198:259-266.
155. Sutmuller RP, van Duivenvoorde LM, van Elsas A, et al. Synergism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade and depletion of CD25(+) regulatory T cells in antitumor therapy reveals alternative pathways for suppression of autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. J Exp Med. 2001;194:823-832.
156. Overwijk WW, Theoret MR, Finkelstein SE, et al. Tumor regression and autoimmunity after reversal of a functionally tolerant state of self-reactive CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med. 2003;198:569-580.
157. Cui Y, Kelleher E, Straley E, et al. Immunotherapy of established tumors using bone marrow transplantation with antigen gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Med. 2003;9:952-958.
158. Nair S, Boczkowski D, Moeller B, Dewhirst M, Vieweg J, Gilboa E. Synergy between tumor immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy. Blood. 2003;102:964-971.
159. Asavaroengchai W, Kotera Y, Mule JJ. Tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells can elicit an effective antitumor immune response during early lymphoid recovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99:931-936.