Role of dietary polyphenols in platelet aggregation. A review of the supplementation studies

Platelets

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 224-243

  Nardini, Mirella ^a   Natella, Fausta ^a   Scaccini, Cristina ^a  

^a ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DELLA NUTRIZIONE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular diseases; Diet; Platelet aggregation; Polyphenols

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTHOCYANIN; ARMAGNAC EXTRACT; BLACK TEA EXTRACT; CATECHIN; COUMARIC ACID; DAIDZIN; DRUG METABOLITE; FLAVANOL DERIVATIVE; FLAVANONE DERIVATIVE; FLAVONE DERIVATIVE; FLAVONOID; GRAPE SEED EXTRACT; GRAPE SKIN EXTRACT; HERBACEOUS AGENT; HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID; IRON CHELATING AGENT; ISOFLAVONE DERIVATIVE; KAEMPFEROL; MORIN; MYRICETIN; POLYPHENOL; PUERARIN; PYCNOGENOL; QUERCETIN; QUERCETIN DERIVATIVE; RUTOSIDE; STILBENE DERIVATIVE; THROMBOXANE B2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; BIOACCUMULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHRONIC DRUG ADMINISTRATION; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG POTENTIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; NONHUMAN; ORANGE JUICE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RED WINE; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION INHIBITION; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASODILATATION;

DIET; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; FLAVONOIDS; HUMANS; PHENOLS; PLATELET AGGREGATION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 34248374115     PISSN: 09537104     EISSN: 13691635     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09537100601078083     Document Type: Review

References (156)

1. Renaud S, de Lorgeril M. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet 1992;339:1523-6.
2. Hertog MG, Kromhout D, Aravanis C, Blackburn H, Buzina R, Fidanza F, Giampaoli S, Jansen A, Menotti A, Nedeljkovic S, et al. Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the seven countries study. Arch. Intern. Med. 1995;155:381-386.
3. Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A, Maatela J. Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: A cohort study. Br. Med. J. 1996;312:478-481.
4. Truelsen T, Gronbaek M, Schnohr P, Boysen G. Intake of beer, wine, and spirits and risk of stroke: The copenhagen city heart study. Stroke 1998;29:2467-2472.
5. Davies MJ, Thomas A. Thrombosis and acute coronary-artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischemic death. New Engl. J. Med. 1984;310:1137-1140.
6. Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes. New Engl. J. Med. 1992;326:242-250.
7. Thaulow E, Erikssen J, Sandvik L, Stormorken H, Cohn PF. Blood platelet count and function are related to total and cardiovascular death in apparently healthy men. Circulation 1991;84:613-617.
8. Elwood PC, Renaud S, Sharp DS, Beswick AD, O'Brien JR, Yarnell JW. Ischemic hearth disease and platelet aggregation. The Caerphilly Collaborative Hearth Disease Study. Circulation 1991;83:38-44.
9. Collins CE, Rampton DS. Review article: Platelets in inflammatory bowel disease-pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications. Alim. Pharmacol. Therap. 1997;11:237-247.
10. Awtry EH, Loscalzo J. Aspirin. Circulation 2000;101:1206-1218.
11. Segal-Isaacson CJ, Wylie-Rosett J. The cardiovascular effects of fish oils and omega-3 fatty acids. Hearth Dis. 1999;1:149-154.
12. Serebruany VL, Lowry DR, Fuzailov SY, Levine DJ, O'Connor CM, Gurbel PA. Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased platelet activity in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. J. Thromb. Thrombol. 2000;9:229-234.
13. Salonen JT, Salonen R, Seppanen K, Rinta-Kiikka S, Kuukka M, Korpela H, Alfthan G, Kantola M, Schalch W. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on platelet function: A randomized pair-matched. Placebo-controlled, doubleblind trial in men with low antioxidant status. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1991;53:1222-1229.
14. Freedman JE, Farhat JH, Loscalzo J, Keaney Jr JF. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits aggregation of human platelets by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Circulation 1996;94:2434-2440.
15. Calzada C, Bruckdorfer KR, Rice-Evans CA. The influence of antioxidant nutrients on platelet function in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 1997;128:97-105.
16. Vita JA. Polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: Effects on endothelial and platelet function. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005;81:292S-297S.
17. Ruf J-C. Alcohol, wine and platelet function. Biol. Res. 2004;37:209-215.
18. Scalbert A, Williamson G. Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols. J. Nutr. 2000;130:2073S-2085S.
19. Shahidi F, Naczk M. Food phenolics. Lancaster, PA, USA: Technomic Publishing Company; 1995. pp. 75-158.
20. Macheix J-J, Fleuriet A, Billot J. Fruit phenolics. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, Inc.; 1990. pp. 17-92.
21. Clifford MN. Chlorogenic acids and other cinnamates - nature, occurrence, dietary burden, absorption and metabolism. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2000;80:1033-1043.
22. Soleas GJ, Diamandis EP, Goldberg DM. Wine as a biological fluid: History, production, and role in disease prevention. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 1997;11:287-313.
23. Manach C, Williamson G, Morand C, Scalbert A, Remesy C. Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005;81:230S-242S.
24. Rasmussen SE, Frederiksen H, Krogholm KS, Poulsen L. Dietary proanthocyanidins: Occurrence, dietary intake, bioavailability and protection against cardiovascular disease. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2005;49:159-174.
25. Kris-Etherton PM, Keen CL. Evidence that antioxidant flavonoids in tea and cocoa are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2002;13:41-49.
26. Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoid and phenolic acids. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1996;20:933-956.
27. Natella F, Nardini M, Virgili F, Scaccini C. Role of dietary polyphenols in the platelet aggregation network - a review of the in vitro studies. Curr. Top. Nutrac. Res. 2006;4:1-22.
28. Umar A, Depont F, Jacquet A, Lignot S, Segur MC, Boisseau M, Begaud B, Moore N. Effects of armagnac or vodka on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Thromb. Res. 2005;115:31-37.
29. Bydlowski SP, Yunker RL, Rymaszewski Z, Subbiah MTR. Coffee extracts inhibit platelet aggregation in vivo and in vitro. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 1987;57:217-223.
30. Hubbard GP, Wolffram S, Lovegrove JA, Gibbins JM. The role of polyphenolic compounds in the diet as inhibitors of platelet function. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2003;62:469-478.
31. Yao SK, Ober JC, Krishnaswami A, Ferguson JJ, Anderson HV, Golino P, Buja LM, Willerson JT. Endogeneous nitric oxide protects against platelet aggregation and cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium injured arteries. Circulation 1992;86:1302-1309.
32. Freedman JE, Parker 3rd C, Li L, Perlman JA, Frei B, Ivanov V, Deak LR, Iafrati MD, Folts JD. Select flavonoids and whole juice from purple grapes inhibit platelet function and enhance nitric oxide release. Circulation 2001;103:2792-2798.
33. Osman HE, Maalej N, Shanmuganayagam D, Folts JD. Grape juice but not orange or grapefruit juice inhibits platelet activity in dogs and monkeys. J. Nutr. 1998;128:2307-2312.
34. Keevil JG, Osman HE, Reed JD, Folts JD. Grape juice, but not orange juice or grapefruit juice, inhibits human platelet aggregation. J. Nutr. 2000;130:53-56.
35. Shanmganayagam D, Beahm MR, Osman HE, Krueger CG, Reed JD, Folts JD, Grape seed and grape skin extracts elicit a greater antiplatelet effect when used in combination than when used individually in dogs and humans. J. Nutr. 132:3592-3598.
36. Duttaroy AK, Jorgensen A. Effect of kiwi fruit consumption on platelet aggregation and plasma lipids in healthy human volunteers. Platelets 2004;15:287-292.
37. Janssen K, Mensink RP, Cox FJ, Harryvan JL, Hovenier R, Hollman PC, Katan MB. Effects of the flavonoids quercetin and apigenin on hemostasis in healthy volunteers: Results from an in vitro and a dietary supplement study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998;67:255-262.
38. Briggs WH, Folts JD, Osman HE, Goldman IL. Administration of raw onion inhibits platelet-mediated thrombosis in dogs. J. Nutr. 2001;131:2619-2622.
39. Chen JH, Chen HI, Tsai SJ, Jen CJ. Chronic consumption of raw but not boiled Welsh onion juice inhibits rat platelet function. J. Nutr. 2000;130:34-37.
40. Aviram M, Dornfeld L, Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Kaplan M, Coleman R, Hayek T, Presser D, Fuhrman B. Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: Studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000;71:1062-1076.
41. Choo MK, Park EK, Yoon HK, Kim DH. Antithrombotic and antiallergic activities of daidzein, a metabolite of puerarin and daidzin produced by human intestinal microflora. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2002;25:1328-3132.
42. Gooderham MH, Adlercreutz H, Ojala ST, Wahala K, Holub BJ. A soy protein isolate rich in genistein and daidzein and its effects on plasma isoflavone concentrations, platelet aggregation, blood lipids and fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid in normal men. J. Nutr. 1996;126:2000-2006.
43. Wolfram RM, Oguogho A, Efthimiou Y, Budinsky AC, Sinzinger H. Effect of black tea on (iso-)prostaglandins and platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Prostagl., Leukotr. Essent. Fatty Acids 2002;66:529-533.
44. Duffy SJ, Vita JA, Holbrook M, Swerdloff PL, Keaney Jr JF. Effect of acute and chronic tea consumption on platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2001;21:1084-1089.
45. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Mori TA, Burke V, Baker RI, Beilin LJ. Effects of regular ingestion of black tea on haemostasis and cell adhesion molecules in humans. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2001;55:881-886.
46. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Burke V, Beilin J, Mori TA, Chan SY. Acute effects of ingestion of black tea on postprandial platelet aggregation in human subjects. Br. J. Nutr. 2002;87:141-145.
47. Kang WS, Lim IH, Yuk Y-P, Chung KE, Park JB, Yoo HS, Yun YP. Antithrombotic activities of green tea catechins and (-)-epigallo-catechin gallate. Thromb. Res. 1999;96:229-237.
48. Pace-Asciak CR, Rounova O, Hahn SE, Diamandis EP, Goldberg DM. Wines and grape juices as modulators of platelet aggregation in healthy human subjects. Clin. Chim. Acta 1996;246:163-182.
49. Pignatelli P, Lenti L, Pulcinelli FM, Catasca R, Saccani G, Germano G, Marcoccia A, Silvestri MA, Ghiselli A, Violi F. Red and white wine differently affect collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Pathophys. Haemos. Thromb. 2002;32(5-6):356-358.
50. Pellegrini N, Pareti FI, Stabile F, Brusamolino A, Simonetti A. Effects of moderate consumption of red wine on platelet aggregation and haemostatic variables in healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1996;50:209-213.
51. Wollny T, Aiello L, Di Tommaso D, Bellavia V, Rotilio D, Donati MB, De Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Modulation of haemostatic function and prevention of experimental thrombosis by red wine in rats: A role for increased nitric oxide production. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1999;127:747-755.
52. Kikura M, Levy JH, Safon RA, Lee MK, Szlam F. The influente of red wine or whitewine intake on platelet function and viscoelastic property of blood in volunteers. Platelets 2004;15:37-41.
53. Lavy A, Fuhrman B, Markel A, Dankner G, Ben-Amotz A, Presser D, Aviram M. Effect of dietary supplementation of red or white wine on human blood chemistry, hematology and coagulation: Favorable effect of red wine on plasma high-density lipoprotein. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 1994;38:287-294.
54. Veenstra J, van de Pol H, Schaafsma G. Moderate alcohol consumption and platelet aggregation in healthy middle-aged men. Alcohol 1990;7:547-549.
55. Blache D, Durand P, Prost M, Loreau N. (+)-Catechin inhibits platelet hyperactivity induced by an acute iron load in vivo. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2002;33:1670-1680.
56. Murphy KJ, Chronopoulos AK, Singh I, Francis MA, Moriarty H, Pike MJ, Turner AH, Mann NJ, Sinclair AJ. Dietary flavanols and procyanidin oligomers from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) inhibit platelet function. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003;77:1466-1473.
57. Conquer JA, Maiani G, Azzini E, Raguzzini A, Holub BJ. Supplementation with quercetin markedly increases plasma quercetin concentration without effect on selected risk factors for heart disease in healthy subjects. J. Nutr. 1998;128:593-597.
58. Hubbard GP, Wolffrm S, Lovegrove JA, Gibbins JM. Ingestion of quercetin inhibits platelet aggregation and essential components of the collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation pathway in humans. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2004;2:2138-2145.
59. Wang ST, Tan D, Zhao Y, Gao G, Gao X, Hu L. The effect of Pycnogenol on the microcirculation, platelet function, and ischemic myocardium in patients with coronary artery diseases. Eur. Bull. Drug Res. 1999;7:19-25.
60. Coimbra SR, Lage SH, Brandizzi L, Yoshida V, Da Luz PL. The action of red wine and purple grape juice on vascular reactivity is independent of plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic patients. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res 2005;38:1339-1347.
61. Demrow HS, Slane PR, Folts JD. Administration of wine and grape juice inhibits in vivo platelet activity and thrombosis in stenosed canine coronary arteries. Circulation 1995;91:1182-1188.
62. Blache D, Bouthillier D, Davignon J. Acute influence of smoking on platelet behaviour, endothelium and plasma lipids and normalization by aspirin. Atherosclerosis 1992;93:179-188.
63. Gleerup G, Winther K. Smoking further increases platelet activity in patients with mild hypertension. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1996;26:49-52.
64. Araghi-Niknam M, Hosseini S, Larson D, Rohdewald P, Watson RR. Pine bark extract reduces platelet aggregation. Intern. Med. 2000;2:73-77.
65. Polette A, Blache D. Effect of vitamin E on acute iron load-potentiated aggregation, secretion, calcium uptake and thromboxane biosynthesis in rat platelets. Atherosclerosis 1992;96:171-179.
66. Barradas MA, Jeremy JY, Kontoghiorghes JY, Mikhailidis DP, Hoffbrand AV, Dandona P. Iron chelators inhibit human platelet aggregation, thromboxane A2 synthesis and lipoxygenase activity. FEBS Lett. 1989;245:105-109.
67. 14C] catechin in the rat and guinea pig. Biochem. J. 1969;115:831-836.
68. Bertelli AA, Giovannini L, Stradi R, Bertelli A, Tillement JP. Plasma, urine and tissue levels of trans- and cis-resveratrol (3,4. Int. J. Tissue React. 1996;18:67-71.
69. Suganuma M, Okabe S, Oniyama M, Tada Y, Ito H, Fujiki H. Wide distribution of [3H](-)-epigallocatechin gallate, a cancer preventive tea polyphenol, in mouse tissue. Carcinogenesis 1998;19:1771-1776.
70. Andreasen MF, Kroon PA, Williamson G, Garcia-Conesa MT. Esterase activity able to hydrolyze dietary antioxidant hydroxycinnamates is distributed along the intestine of mammals. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001;49:5679-5684.
71. Buchanan CJ, Fallace G, Fry SC. In vivo release of 14C-labeled phenolic groups from intact dietary spinaci cell walls during passage through the rat intestine. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1996;71:459-469.
72. Kroon PA, Faulds CB, Ryden P, Robertson JA, Williamson G. Release of covalently bound ferulic acid from fiber in human colon. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997;45:661-667.
73. Wende G, Buchanan CJ, Fry SC. Hydrolysis and fermentation by rat gut microorganisms of 2-O-b-D-xylopyranosyl-(5-O-feruloyl)-L-arabinose derived from grass cell wall arabinoxylan. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1997;73:296-300.
74. Plumb GW, Garcia-Conesa MT, Kroon PA, Rhodes M, Williamson G. Metabolism of chlorogenic acid by human plasma, liver, intestine and gut microflora. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1999;79:390-392.
75. Couteau D, McCartney AL, Gibson GR, Williamson G, Faulds CB. Isolation and characterization of human colonic bacteria able to hydrolyse chlorogenic acid. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2001;90:873-881.
76. Andreasen MF, Kroon PA, Williamson G, Garcia-Conesa MT. Intestinal release and uptake of phenolic antioxidant diferulic acids. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2001;31:304-314.
77. Rechner AR, Spencer JP, Kuhnle G, Hahn U, Rice-Evans CA. Novel biomarkers of the metabolism of caffeic acid derivatives in vivo. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2001;30:1213-1222.
78. Nardini M, Cirillo E, Natella F, Scaccini C. Absorption of phenolic acids in humans after coffee consumption. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002;50:5735-5741.
79. Nardini M, Natella F, Scaccini C, Ghiselli A. Phenolic acids from beer are absorbed and extensively metabolized in humans. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2006;17:14-22.
80. Manach C, Morand C, Texier O, Favier ML, Agullo G, Demigne C, Regerat F, Remesy C. Quercetin metabolites in plasma of rats fed diets containing rutin or quercetin. J. Nutr. 1995;125:1911-1922.
81. Ohta T, Nakano T, Egashira Y, Sanada H. Antioxidant activity of ferulic acid beta-glucuronide in the LDL oxidation system. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 1997;61:1942-1943.
82. Cano A, Arnao MB, Williamson G, Garcia-Conesa MT. Superoxide scavenging by polyphenols: Effect of conjugation and dimerization. Redox Rep. 2002;7:379-383.
83. Spencer JP, Kuhnle GG, Williams RJ, Rice-Evans C. Intracellular metabolism and bioactivity of quercetin and its in vivo metabolites. Biochem. J. 2003;372:173-181.
84. Watson DG, Oliveira EJ. Solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of kaempferol and quercetin in human urine after consumption of Ginkgo biloba tablets. J. Chromatogr. 1999;723:203-210.
85. Bourne L, Paganga G, Baxter D, Hughes P, Rice-Evans C. Absorption of ferulic acid from low-alcohol beer. Free Radic. Res. 2000;32:273-280.
86. Rechner AR, Kuhnle G, Hu H, Roedig-Penman A, Van Den Braak MH, Moore KP, Rice-Evans CA. The metabolism of dietary polyphenols and the relevance to circulating levels of conjugated metabolites. Free Radic. Res. 2002;36:1229-1241.
87. Shelnutt SR, Cimino CO, Wiggins PA, Ronis MJ, Badger TM. Pharmacokinetics of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of genistein and daidzein in men and women after consumption of a soy beverage. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002;76:588-594.
88. Baba S, Osakabe N, Natsume M, Terao J. Orally administered rosmarinic acid is present as the conjugated and/or methylated forms in plasma, and is degraded and metabolized to conjugated forms of caffeic acid, ferulic acid and m-coumaric acid. Life Sci. 2004;75:165-178.
89. Wittemer SM, Ploch M, Windeck T, Muller SC, Drewelow B, Derendorf H, Veit M. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids after oral administration of Artichoke leaf extracts in humans. Phytomedicine 2005;12:28-38.
90. Manach C, Morand C, Crespy V, Demigne C, Texier O, Regerat F, Remesy C. Quercetin is recovered in human plasma as conjugated derivatives which retain antioxidant properties. FEBS Lett. 1998;426:331-336.
91. Asai A, Miyazawa T. Occurrence of orally administered curcuminoid as glucuronide and glucuronide/sulfate conjugates in rat plasma. Life Sci. 2000;67:2785-2793.
92. Azuma K, Ippoushi K, Nakayama M, Ito H, Higashio H, Terao J. Absorption of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in rats after oral administration. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000;48:5496-500.
93. Rondini L, Peyrat-Maillard MN, Marsset-Baglieri A, Berset C. Sulfated ferulic acid is the main in vivo metabolite found after short-term ingestion of free ferulic acid in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002;50:3037-3041.
94. Zhao Z, Egashira Y, Sanada H. Ferulic acid sugar esters are recovered in rat plasma and urine mainly as the sulfoglucuronide of ferulic acid. J. Nutr. 2003;133:1355-1361.
95. Labieniec M, Gabryelak T. Interactions of tannic acid and its derivatives (ellagic and gallic acids) with calf thymus DNA and bovine serum albumin using spectroscopic method. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 2006;82:72-78.
96. Muralidhara BK, Prakash V. Interaction of 3. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res 1995;46:1-8.
97. Arai Y, Watanabe S, Kimira M, Shimoi K, Mochizuki R, Kinae N. Dietary intakes of flavonols, flavones and isoflavones by Japanese women and the inverse correlation between quercetin intake and plasma LDL cholesterol concentration. J. Nutr. 2000;130:2243-2250.
98. Tzeng SH, Ko WC, Ko FN, Teng CM. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by some flavonoids. Thromb. Res. 1991;64:91-100.
99. Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Hollman PC, Katan MB, Kromhout D. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: The Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993;342:1007-1011.
100. Hollman PC, van Trijp JM, Buysman MN, van der Gaag MS, Mengelers MJ, De Vries JH, Katan MB. Relative bioavailability of the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin from various foods in man. FEBS Lett. 1997;418:152-156.
101. Chan MM, Mattiacci JA, Hwang HS, Shah A, Fong D. Synergy between ethanol and grape polyphenols, quercetin, and resveratrol, in the inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2000;60:1539.
102. Pignatelli P, Pulcinelli FM, Celestini A, Lenti L, Ghiselli A, Gazzaniga PP, Violi F. The flavonoids quercetin and catechin synergistically inhibit platelet function by antagonizing the intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000;72:1150-1155.
103. Bush LR, Shebuski RJ. In vivo models of arterial thrombosis and thrombolysis. Faseb J. 1990;4:3087-3098.
104. McGregor L, Bellangeon M, Chignier E, Lerond L, Rousselle C, McGregor JL. Effect of a micronized purified flavonoid fraction on in vivo platelet functions in the rat. Thromb. Res. 1999;94:235-240.
105. Gryglewski RJ, Korbut R, Robak J, Swies J. On the mechanism of antithrombotic action of flavonoids. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1987;36:317-322.
106. Umar A, Guerin V, Renard M, Boisseau M, Garreau C, Begaud B, Molimard M, Moore N. Effects of armagnac extracts on human platelet function in vitro and on rat arteriovenous shunt thrombosis in vivo. Thromb. Res. 2003;110:135-140.
107. Umar A, Boisseau M, Segur MC, Begaud B, Moore N. Effect of age of Armagnac extract and duration of treatment on antithrombotic effects in a rat thrombosis model. Thromb. Res. 2003;111:185-189.
108. Keller JW, Folts JD. Relative effects of cigarette smoke and ethanol on acute platelet thrombus formation in stenosed canine coronary arteries. Cardiovasc. Res. 1988;22:73-78.
109. Mikhailidis DP, Barradas MA, Jeremy JY. The effect of ethanol on platelet function and vascular prostanoids. Alcohol 1990;7:171-180.
110. Renaud S, McGregor JL, Martin JL (1984) Influence of alcohol on platelet functions in relation to atherosclerosis. Diet, diabetes and atherosclerosis (Raven Press, New York).
111. Meade TW, Vickers MV, Thompson SG, Stirling Y, Haines AP, Miller GJ. Epidemiological characteristics of platelet aggregability. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 1985;290:428-432.
112. Ruf JC. Alcohol, wine and platelet function. Biol. Res. 2004;37:209-215.
113. Hillbom ME, Kangasaho M, Hjelm-Jager M. Platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 formation after ethanol abuse: Is there a relationship to stroke? Acta Neurol. Scand. 1984;70:432-437.
114. Renaud SC, Ruf JC. Effects of alcohol on platelet functions. Clin. Chim. Acta 1996;246:77-89.
115. Ruf JC, Berger JL, Renaud S. Platelet rebound effect of alcohol withdrawal and wine drinking in rats. Relation to tannins and lipid peroxidation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1995;15:140-144.
116. Mezzano D, Leighton F. Haemostatic cardiovascular risk factors: Differential effects of red wine and diet on healthy young. Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb. 2003;33:472-478.
117. Seigneur M, Bonnet J, Dorian B, Benchimol D, Drouillet F, Gouverneur G, Larrue J, Crockett R, Boisseau MR, Ribereau-Gayon P. Effect of the consumption of alcohol, white wine and red wine on platelet function and serum lipids. J. Appl. Cardiol. 1990;5:215-222.
118. Kang WS, Chung KH, Chung JH, Lee JY, Park JB, Zhang YH, Yoo HS, Yun YP. Antiplatelet activity of green tea catechins is mediated by inhibition of cytoplasmic calcium increase. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2001;38:875-884.
119. Sheu J-R, Hsiao G, Chou P-H, Shen M-Y, Chou D-S. Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet activity of rutin, a glycoside of the flavonol quercetin, in human platelets. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004;52:4414-4418.
120. Hsiao G, Chang CY, Shen MY, Chou DS, Tzeng SH, Chen TF, Sheu JR. Alpha-naphthoflavone, a potent antiplatelet flavonoid, is mediated through inhibition of phospholipase C activity and stimulation of cyclic GMP formation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005;53:5179-5186.
121. Nakashima S, Koike T, Nozawa Y. Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits thromboxane A2-mediated human platelet responses. Mol. Pharmacol. 1991;39:475-480.
122. Ferrell Jr JE, Chang Sing PD, Loew G, King R, Mansour JM, Mansour TE. Structure/activity studies of flavonoids as inhibitors of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and relationship to quantum chemical indices. Mol. Pharmacol. 1979;16:556-568.
123. Ruckstuhl M, Beretz A, Anton R, Landry Y. Flavonoids are selective cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1979;28:535-538.
124. Beretz A, Stierle A, Anton R, Cazenave JP. Role of cyclic AMP in the inhibition of human platelet aggregation by quercetin, a flavonoid that potentiates the effect of prostacyclin. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1982;31:3597-3600.
125. Dobrydneva Y, Williams RL, Blackmore PF. trans-Resveratrol inhibits calcium influx in thrombin-stimulated human platelets. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1999;128:149-157.
126. Dobrydneva Y, Williams RL, Morris GZ, Blackmore PF. Dietary phytoestrogens and their synthetic structural analogues as calcium channel blockers in human platelets. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2002;40:399-410.
127. Ozaki Y, Satoh K, Kuroda K, Qi R, Yatomi Y, Yanagi S, Sada K, Yamamura H, Yanabu M, Nomura S. Anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody activates p72syk in human platelets. J. Biol. Chem. 1995;270:15119-15124.
128. Levy-Toledano S, Gallet C, Nadal F, Bryckaert M, Maclouf J, Rosa JP. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation mechanisms in platelet function: A tightly regulated balance. Thromb. Haemost. 1997;78:226-233.
129. Schoene NW, Guidry CA. Dietary soy isoflavones inhibit activation of rat platelets. J. Nutr. Biochem. 1999;10:421-426.
130. Hubbard GP, Stevens JM, Cicmil M, Sage T, Jordan PA, Williams CM, Lovegrove JA, Gibbins JM. Quercetin inhibits collagen-stimulated platelet activation through inhibition of multiple components of the glycoprotein VI signaling pathway. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2003;1:1079-1088.
131. Handin RI, Karabin R, Boxer GJ. Enhancement of platelet function by superoxide anion. J. Clin. Invest. 1977;59:959-965.
132. Pratico D, Iuliano L, Ghiselli A, Alessandri C. Violi F. Hydrogen peroxide as trigger of platelet aggregation. Haemostasis 1991;21:169-174.
133. Iuliano L, Violi F, Pedersen JZ, Pratico D, Rotilio G, Balsano F. Free radical-mediated platelet activation by hemoglobin released from red blood cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1992;299:220-224.
134. Blache D. Involvement of hydrogen and lipid peroxides in acute tobacco smoking-induced platelet hyperactivity. Am. J. Physiol. 1995;268:H679-685.
135. Pignatelli P, Pulcinelli FM, Lenti L, Gazzaniga PP, Violi F. Hydrogen peroxide is involved in collagen-induced platelet activation. Blood 1998;91:484-490.
136. Krotz F, Sohn HY, Gloe T, Zahler S, Riexinger T, Schiele TM, Becker BF, Theisen K, Klauss V, Pohl U. NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent platelet superoxide anion release increases platelet recruitment. Blood 2002;100:917-924.
137. Mansvelt EP, van Velden DP, Fourie E, Rossouw M, van Rensburg SJ, Smuts CM. The in vivo antithrombotic effect of wine consumption on human blood platelets and hemostatic factors. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 2002;957:329-332.
138. Sharpe PC, McGrath LT, McClean E, Young IS, Archbold GP. Effect of red wine consumption on lipoprotein (a) and other risk factors for atherosclerosis. Quart. J. Med. 1995;88:101-108.
139. Fitzpatrick DF, Hirschfield SL, Coffey RG., Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing activity of wine and other grape products. Am. J. Physiol. 265:H774-778.
140. Andriambeloson E, Kleschyov AL, Muller B, Beretz A, Stoclet JC, Andriantsitohaina R. Nitric oxide production and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by wine polyphenols in rat aorta. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1997;20:1053-1058.
141. Cuevas AM, Germain AM. Diet and endothelial function. Biol. Res. 2004;37:225-230.
142. Yao SK, Ober JC, Krishnaswami A, Ferguson JJ, Anderson HV, Golino P, Buja LM, Willerson JT. Endogenous nitric oxide protects against platelet aggregation and cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured arteries. Circulation 1992;86:1302-1309.
143. Haslam E, Lilly TH. Natural astringency in foodstuffs. A molecular interpretation. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 1988;27:1-40.
144. Spencer CM, Cai Y, Martin S, Gaffney PN, Goulding D, Magnolato D, Lilley E, Haslam E. Polyphenol complexation - some thoughts and observations. Phytochemistry 1988;27:2397-2409.
145. Serafini M, Maiani G, Ferro-Luzzi A. Effect of ethanol on red wine tannin-protein (BSA) interactions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997;45:3148-3151.
146. Reddy S, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin is a non-competitive and selective inhibitor of phosphorylase kinase. FEBS Lett. 1994;341:19-22.
147. Nakachi K, Matsuyama S, Miyake S, Suganuma M, Imai K. Preventive effects of drinking green tea on cancer and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiological evidence for multiple targeting prevention. Biofactors 2000;13:49-54.
148. Nardini M, Leonardi F, Scaccini C, Virgili F. Modulation of ceramide-induced NF-kB binding activity and apoptotic response by caffeic acid in U937 cells: Comparison with other antioxidants. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2001;30:722-733.
149. McGregor L, Renaud S. Inhibitory effect of alcohol on platelet functions of rats fed saturated fats. Thromb. Res. 1981;22:221-225.
150. Fenn CG, Littleton JM. Interactions between ethanol and dietary fat in determining human platelet function. Thromb. Haemost. 1984;51:50-53.
151. Lahoz C, Alonso R, Ordovas JM, Lopez-Farre A, de Oya M, Mata P. Effects of dietary fat saturation on eicosanoid production, platelet aggregation, and blood pressure. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1997;27:780-787.
152. Sanchez-Muniz FJ, Oubina P, Rodenas S, Benedi J, Cuesta C. Platelet aggregation, thromboxane production and thrombogenic ratio in postmenopausal women consuming high oleic acid-sunflower oil or palmolein. Eur. J. Nutr. 2003;42:299-306.
153. Latta EK, Packham MA, DaCosta SM, Rand ML. Effects of chronic administration of ethanol on platelets from rabbits with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Unchanged characteristics and responses to ADP but reduction of enhanced thrombin-induced, TxA2-independent platelet responses. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1994;14:1372-1377.
154. Serafini M, Ghiselli A, Ferro-Luzzi A. In vivo antioxidant effect of green and black tea in man. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1996;50:28-32.
155. Hollman PC, van Het Hof KH, Tijburg LB, Katan MB. Addition of milk does not affect the absorption of flavonols from tea in man. Free Radic. Res. 2001;34:297-300.
156. Varani K, Portaluppi F, Gessi S, Merighi S, Ongini E, Belardinelli L, Borea PA. Dose and time effects of caffeine intake on human platelet adenosine A(2A) receptors: Functional and biochemical aspects. Circulation 2000;102:285-289.