Molecular mechanisms of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin cardiovascular embryotoxicity

Drug Metabolism Reviews

Volumn 38, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 261-289

  Goldstone, Heather M H ^a   Stegeman, John J ^b  

^a MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular; Chicken; Dioxin; Embryonic; Toxicogenomics; Zebrafish

Indexed keywords

2,3,7,8 TETRACHLORODIBENZO PARA DIOXIN; AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; GROWTH FACTOR; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; VASCULOTROPIN;

BLEEDING; CARDIOTOXICITY; CHEMICAL TERATOGENESIS; CHICKEN; CONGESTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY; EDEMA; EMBRYOTOXICITY; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HEART MUSCLE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REVIEW; TOXICOGENETICS; ZEBRA FISH;

ANIMALS; CARDIOVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES; EMBRYO; HUMANS; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; RECEPTORS, ARYL HYDROCARBON; STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP; TERATOGENS; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN; TOXICOGENETICS; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A;

EID: 33646676545     PISSN: 03602532     EISSN: 10979883     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03602530600570099     Document Type: Review

References (225)

1. Abbott, B. D. (1995). Review of the interaction between TCDD and glucocorticoids in embryonic palate. Toxicology 105(2-3):365-373.
2. Abbott, B. D., Probst, M. R., Perdew, G. H., Buckalew, A. R. (1998). AH receptor, ARNT, glucocorticoid receptor, EGF receptor, EGF, TGF alpha, TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2, and TGF beta 3 expression in human embryonic palate, and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Teratology 58(2):30-43.
3. Addya, S., Anandatheerthavarada, H. K., Biswas, G., Bhagwat, S. V., Mullick, J., Avadhani, N. G. (1997). Targeting of NH2-terminal-processed microsomal protein to mitochondria: a novel pathway for the biogenesis of hepatic mitochondrial P450MT2. J. Cell. Biol. 139(3):589-599.
4. Ahn, N. S., Hu, H., Park, J. S., Kim, J. S., An, S., Kong, G., Aruoma, O. I., Lee, Y. S., Kang, K. S. (2005). Molecular mechanisms of the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced inverted U-shaped dose responsiveness in anchorage independent growth and cell proliferation of human breast epithelial cells with stem cell characteristics. Mutat. Res. 579(1-2):189-199.
5. Allred, P. M., Strange, J. R. (1977). The effects of 2,4,5- trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on developing chicken embryos. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 6(4):483-489.
6. Alsharif, N. Z., Lawson, T., Stohs, S. J. (1994a). Oxidative stress induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor complex. Toxicology 92(1-3):39-51.
7. Alsharif, N. Z., Schlueter, W. J., Stohs, S. J. (1994b). Stimulation of NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species formation and DNA damage by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rat peritoneal lavage cells. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26(3):392-397.
8. Anandatheerthavarada, H. K., Addya, S., Dwivedi, R. S., Biswas, G., Mullick, J., Avadhani, N. G. (1997). Localization of multiple forms of inducible cytochromes P450 in rat liver mitochondria: immunological characteristics and patterns of xenobiotic substrate metabolism. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 339(1):136-150.
9. Andreasen, E. A., Spitsbergen, J. M., Tanguay, R. L., Stegeman, J. J., Heideman, W., Peterson, R. E. (2002). Tissue-specific expression of AHR2, ARNT2, and CYP1A in zebrafish embryos and larvae: effects of developmental stage and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure. Toxicol. Sci. 68(2):403-419.
10. Antkiewicz, D. S., Burns, C. G., Carney, S. A., Peterson, R. E., Heideman, W. (2005). Heart malformation is an early response to TCDD in embryonic zebrafish. Toxicol. Sci. 84(2):368-377.
11. Azhar, M., Schultz Jel, J., Grupp, I., Dorn, G. W., 2nd, Meneton, P., Molin, D. G., Gittenberger-de Groot, A. C., Doetschman, T. (2003). Transforming growth factor beta in cardiovascular development and function. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 14(5):391-407.
12. Ballatori, N., Boyer, J. L., Rockett, J. C. (2003). Exploiting genome data to understand the function, regulation, and evolutionary origins of toxicologically relevant genes. EHP Toxicogenomics 111(1T):61-65.
13. Belair, C. D., Peterson, R. E., Heideman, W. (2001). Disruption of erythropoiesis by dioxin in the zebrafish. Dev. Dyn. 222(4):581-594.
14. Bello, S. M., Franks, D. G., Stegeman, J. J., Hahn, M. E. (2001). Acquired resistance to Ah receptor agonists in a population of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a marine superfund site: in vivo and in vitro studies on the inducibility of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Toxicol. Sci. 60(1):77-91.
15. Bello, S., Heideman, W., Peterson, R. (2002). Dioxin impairs osmoregulation in the zebrafish larva. The Toxicologist 66(1-S): Abstract #826.
16. Bello, S. M., Heideman, W., Peterson, R. E. (2004). 2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibits regression of the common cardinal vein in developing zebrafish. Toxicol. Sci. 78(2):258-266.
17. Bhagwat, S. V., Boyd, M. R., Ravindranath, V. (1995). Brain mitochondrial cytochromes P450: xenobiotic metabolism, presence of multiple forms and their selective inducibility. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 320(1):73-83.
18. Bhagwat, S. V., Boyd, M. R., Ravindranath, V. (2000). Multiple forms of cytochrome P450 and associated monooxygenase activities in human brain mitochondria. Biochem. Pharmacol. 59(5):573-82.
19. Bhagwat, S. V., Mullick, J., Raza, H., Avadhani, N. G. (1999). Constitutive and inducible cytochromes P450 in rat lung mitochondria: xenobiotic induction, relative abundance, and catalytic properties. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 156(3):231-240.
20. Boopathi, E., Anandatheerthavarada, H. K., Bhagwat, S. V., Biswas, G., Fang, J. K., Avadhani, N. G. (2000). Accumulation of mitochondrial P450MT2, NH(2)-terminal truncated cytochrome P4501A1 in rat brain during chronic treatment with beta-naphthoflavone. A role in the metabolism of neuroactive drugs. J. Biol. Chem. 275(44):34415-34423.
21. Boutros, P. C., Moffat, I. D., Franc, M. A., Tijet, N., Tuomisto, J., Pohjanvirta, R., Okey, A. B. (2004). Dioxin-responsive AHRE-II gene battery: identification by phylogenetic footprinting. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 321(3):707-715.
22. Boverhof, D. R., Burgoon, L. D., Tashiro, C., Chittim, B., Harkema, J. R., Jump, D. B., Zacharewski, T. R. (2005). Temporal and dose-dependent hepatic gene expression patterns in mice provide new insights into TCDD-Mediated hepatotoxicity. Toxicol. Sci. 85(2):1048-1063.
23. Boverhof, D. R., Tam, E., Harney, A. S., Crawford, R. B., Kaminski, N. E., Zacharewski, T. R. (2004). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 in murine B cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 66(6):1662-1670.
24. Brunstrom, B. (1988). Sensitivity of embryos from duck, goose, herring gull, and various chicken breeds to 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Poult. Sci. 67(1):52-57.
25. Brunstrom, B., Broman, D., Naf, C. (1991). Toxicity and EROD-inducing potency of 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in chick embryos. Arch. Toxicol. 65(6):485-489.
26. Brunstrom, B., Darnerud, P. O. (1983). Toxicity and distribution in chick embryos of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl injected into the eggs. Toxicology 27(2):103-110.
27. Brunstrom, B., Lund, J. (1988). Differences between chick and turkey embryos in sensitivity to 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl and in concentration/affinity of the hepatic receptor for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 91C:507-512.
28. Bryant, P. L., Clark, G. C., Probst, M. R., Abbott, B. D. (1997). Effects of TCDD on Ah receptor, ARNT, EGF, and TGF-alpha expression in embryonic mouse urinary tract. Teratology 55(5):326-337.
29. Bulger, W., Mucitelli, R. M., Kupfer, D. (1978). Studies on the in vivo and in vitro estrogenic activities of methoxychlor and its metabolites. Role of hepatic mono-oxygenase in methoxychlor activation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 27:2417-2423.
30. Cantrell, S. M., Joy-Schlezinger, J., Stegeman, J. J., Tillitt, D. E., Hannink, M. (1998). Correlation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced apoptotic cell death in the embryonic vasculature with embryotoxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 148(1):24-34.
31. Cantrell, S. M., Lutz, L. H., Tillitt, D. E., Hannink, M. (1996). Embryotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): the embryonic vasculature is a physiological target for TCDD-induced DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in Medaka (Orizias latipes). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 141(1):23-34.
32. Cao, Z., Tanguay, R. L., McKenzie, D., Peterson, R. E., Aiken, J. M. (2003). Identification of a putative calcium-binding protein as a dioxin- responsive gene in zebrafish and rainbow trout. Aquat. Toxicol. 63(3):271-282.
33. Carlson, D. B., Perdew, G. H. (2002). A dynamic role for the Ah receptor in cell signaling? Insights from a diverse group of Ah receptor interacting proteins. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 16(6):317-325.
34. Carney, S. A., Peterson, R. E., Heideman, W. (2004). 2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator pathway causes developmental toxicity through a CYP1A-independent mechanism in zebrafish. Mol. Pharmacol. 66(3):512-521.
35. Carvalho, P. S., Noltie, D. B., Tillitt, D. E. (2004). Intra-strain dioxin sensitivity and morphometric effects in swim-up rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 137(2):133-142.
36. Chan, W. K., Yao, G., Gu, Y. Z., Bradfield, C. A. (1999). Cross-talk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia inducible factor signaling pathways. Demonstration of competition and compensation. J. Biol. Chem. 274(17):12115-12123.
37. Chen, H., Shi, S., Acosta, L. (2004). BMP10 is essential for maintaining cardiac growth during murine cardiogenesis. Development 131(9):2219-2231.
38. Chen, J. N., Haffter, P., Odenthal, J. (1996). Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish. Development 123:293-302.
39. Chen, J. N., van Eeden, F. J., Warren, K. S., Chin, A., Nusslein-Volhard, C., Haffter, P., Fishman, M. C. (1997). Left-right pattern of cardiac BMP4 may drive asymmetry of the heart in zebrafish. Development 124(21):4373-4382.
40. Chevrette, M., Joly, L., Tellis, P., Ekker, M. (1997). Contribution of zebrafish-mouse cell hybrids to the mapping of the zebrafish genome. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 75(5):641-649.
41. Chevrette, M., Joly, L., Tellis, P., Knapik, E. W., Miles, J., Fishman, M., Ekker, M. (2000). Characterization of a zebrafish/mouse somatic cell hybrid panel. Genomics 64(1):119-126.
42. Dhalla, N. S., Temsah, R. M., Netticadan, T. (2000). Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. J. Hypertens. 18(6):655-673.
43. Diliberto, J. J., Burgin, D., Birnbaum, L. S. (1997). Role of CYP1A2 in hepatic sequestration of dioxin: studies using CYP1A2 knock-out mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 236(2):431-433.
44. Diliberto, J. J., Burgin, D. E., Birnbaum, L. S. (1999). Effects of CYP1A2 on disposition of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′- hexachlorobiphenyl in CYP1A2 knockout and parental (C57BL/6N and 129/Sv) strains of mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 159(1):52-64.
45. Dohr, O., Abel, J. (1997). Transforming growth factor-beta1 coregulates mRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cell-cycle-regulating genes in human cancer cell lines. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 241(1):86-91.
46. Dohr, O., Sinning, R., Vogel, C., Munzel, P., Abel, J. (1997). Effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 on expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and genes of Ah gene battery: clues for independent down-regulation in A549 cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 51(5):703-710.
47. Dohr, O., Vogel, C., Abel, J. (1994). Modulation of growth factor expression by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 11(2-3):142-148.
48. Donat, S., Abel, J. (1998). Analysis of gene expression in lung and thymus of TCDD treated C57BL/6 mice using differential display RT-PCR. Chemosphere 37(9-12):1867-1872.
49. Dong, L., Ma, Q., Whitlock, Jr., J. P. (1997). Down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex Q1b gene expression by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin. J. Biol. Chem. 272(47):29614-29619.
50. Dong, W., Teraoka, H., Kondo, S., Hiraga, T. (2001). 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces apoptosis in the dorsal midbrain of zebrafish embryos by activation of arylhydrocarbon receptor. Neurosci. Lett. 303(3):169-172.
51. Dong, W., Teraoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Tsukiyama, S., Imani, S., Imagawa, T., Stegeman, J. J., Peterson, R. E., Hiraga, T. (2002). 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity in the zebrafish embryo: local circulation failure in the dorsal midbrain is associated with increased apoptosis. Toxicol. Sci. 69(1):191-201.
52. Driever, W., Solnica-Krezel, L., Schier, A. F. (1996). A genetic screen for mutations affecting embryogenesis in zebrafish. Development 123:37-46.
53. Ekker, M., Speevak, M. D., Martin, C. C., Joly, L., Giroux, G., Chevrette, M. (1996). Stable transfer of zebrafish chromosome segments into mouse cells. Genomics 33(1):57-64.
54. Ekker, M., Ye, F., Joly, L., Tellis, P., Chevrette, M. (1999). Zebrafish/mouse somatic cell hybrids for the characterization of the zebrafish genome. Methods Cell. Biol. 60:303-321.
55. Elizondo, G., Fernandez-Salguero, P., Sheikh, M. S., Kim, G. Y., Fornace, A. J., Lee, K. S., Gonzalez, F. J. (2000). Altered cell cycle control at the G(2)/M phases in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-null embryo fibroblast. Mol. Pharmacol. 57(5):1056-1063.
56. Elonen, G. E., Spehar, R. L., Holcombe, G. W., Johnson, R. D., Fernandez, J. D., Erickson, R. J., Tietge, J. E., Cook, P. M. (1998). Comparative toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to seven freshwater fish species during early life-stage development. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17(3):472-483.
57. Fan, L., Ovadia, M., Friedman, P. M., Rifkind, A. B. (2000). Ventricular preexcitation sensitive to flecainide in late stage chick embryo ECGs: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin impairs inotropic but not chronotropic or dromotropic responses to isoproterenol and confers resistance to flecainide. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 166(1):43-50.
58. Fernandez-Salguero, P. M., Hilbert, D. M., Rudikoff, S., Ward, J. M., Gonzalez, F. J. (1996). Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-deficient mice are resistant to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced toxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 140(1):173-179.
59. Fisher, M. T., Nagarkatti, M., Nagarkatti, P. S. (2004). Combined screening of thymocytes using apoptosis-specific cDNA array and promoter analysis yields novel gene targets mediating TCDD-induced toxicity. Toxicol. Sci. 78(1):116-124.
60. Fletcher, N., Wahlstrom, D., Lundberg, R., Nilsson, C. B., Nilsson, K. C., Stockling, K., Hellmold, H., Hakansson, H. (2005). 2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) alters the mRNA expression of critical genes associated with cholesterol metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis, and bile transport in rat liver: a microarray study. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 207(1):1-24.
61. Fornzler, D., Her, H., Knapik, E. W., Clark, M., Lehrach, H., Postlethwait, J. H., Zon, L. I., Beier, D. R. (1998). Gene mapping in zebrafish using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Genomics 51(2):216-222.
62. Frueh, F. W., Hayashibara, K. C., Brown, P. O., Whitlock, Jr., J. P. (2001). Use of cDNA microarrays to analyze dioxin-induced changes in human liver gene expression. Toxicol. Lett. 122(3):189-203.
63. Funseth, E., Pahlman, M., Eloranta, M. L., Friman, G., Ilback, N. G. (2002). Effects of coxsackievirus B3 infection on the acute-phase protein metallothionein and on cytochrome P-4501A1 involved in the detoxification processes of TCDD in the mouse. Sci. Total Environ. 284(1-3):37-47.
64. Gannon, M., Gilday, D., Rifkind, A. B. (2000). TCDD induces CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 in chick liver and kidney and only CYP1A4, an enzyme lacking arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity, in myocardium and vascular endothelium. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 164(1):24-37.
65. Gao, L., Dong, L., Whitlock, Jr., J. P. (1998). A novel response to dioxin. Induction of ecto-ATPase gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 273(25):15358-15365.
66. Gassmann, M., Kvietikova, I., Rolfs, A., Wenger, R. H. (1997). Oxygen- and dioxin-regulated gene expression in mouse hepatoma cells. Kidney Int. 51(2):567-574.
67. Gates, M. A., Kim, L., Egan, E. S., Cardozo, T., Sirotkin, H. I., Dougan, S. T., Lashkari, D., Abagyan, R., Schier, A. F., Talbot, W. S. (1999). A genetic linkage map for zebrafish: comparative analysis and localization of genes and expressed sequences. Genome Res. 9(4):334-347.
68. Geisler, R., Rauch, G. J., Baier, H. (1999). A radiation hybrid map of the zebrafish genome. Nat. Genet. 23(1):86-89.
69. Guiney, P. D., Smolowitz, R. M., Peterson, R. E., Stegeman, J. J. (1997). Correlation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induction of cytochrome P4501A in vascular endothelium with toxicity in early life stages of lake trout. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 143(2):256-273.
70. Guiney, P. D., Walker, M. K., Spitsbergen, J. M., Peterson, R. E. (2000). Hemodynamic dysfunction and cytochrome P4501A mRNA expression induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin during embryonic stages of lake trout development. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 168(1):1-14.
71. Guo, J., Sartor, M., Karyala, S., Medvedovic, M., Kann, S., Puga, A., Ryan, P., Tomlinson, C. R. (2004). Expression of genes in the TGF-beta signaling pathway is significantly deregulated in smooth muscle cells from aorta of aryl hydrocarbon receptor knockout mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 194(1):79-89.
72. Hahn, M. E. (1998). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a comparative perspective. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. 121(23-53):23-53.
73. Hahn, M. E. (2002). Aryl hydrocarbon receptors: diversity and evolution. Chem. Biol. Interact. 141(1-2):131-160.
74. Handley-Goldstone, H. M., Grow, H. M., Stegeman, J. J. (2005). Cardiovascular gene expression profiles of dioxin exposure in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol. Sci. 85(1):683-693.
75. Handley, H. M. (2003). Zebrafish cardiovascular cDNA microarrays: expression profiling and gene discovery in embryos exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) /Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Joint Graduate Program in Oceanography: 279 pp.
76. Hankinson, O. (1995). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 35:307-340.
77. Hanlon, P. R., Cimafranca, M. A., Liu, X., Cho, Y. C., Jefcoate, C. R. (2005a). Microarray analysis of early adipogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells: cooperative inhibitory effects of growth factors and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 207(1):39-58.
78. Hanlon, P. R., Zheng, W., Ko, A. Y., Jefcoate, C. R. (2005b). Identification of novel TCDD-regulated genes by microarray analysis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 202(3):215-228.
79. Hassoun, E. A., Li, F., Abushaban, A., Stohs, S. J. (2001). Production of superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the hepatic and brain tissues of rats after subchronic exposure to mixtures of TCDD and its congeners. J. Appl. Toxicol. 21(3):211-219.
80. Hassoun, E. A., Walter, A. C., Alsharif, N. Z., Stohs, S. J. (1997). Modulation of TCDD-induced fetotoxicity and oxidative stress in embryonic and placental tissues of C57BL/6J mice by vitamin E succinate and ellagic acid. Toxicology 124(1):27-37.
81. Hassoun, E. A., Wang, H., Abushaban, A., Stohs, S. J. (2002). Induction of oxidative stress in the tissues of rats after chronic exposure to TCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, and 3,3′,4,4′,5- pentachlorobiphenyl. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 65(12):825-842.
82. Hassoun, E. A., Wilt, S. C., Devito, M. J., Van Birgelen, A, Alsharif, N. Z., Birnbaum, L. S., Stohs, S. J. (1998). Induction of oxidative stress in brain tissues of mice after subchronic exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin. Toxicol. Sci. 42(1):23-27.
83. Hazai, E., Kupfer, D. (2005). Interactions between CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in reconstituted binary systems influence their catalytic activity: possible rationale for the inability of CYP2C19 to catalyze methoxychlor demethylation in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab. Dispos. 33(1):157-164.
84. Heid, S. E., Walker, M. K., Swanson, H. I. (2001). Correlation of cardiotoxicity mediated by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons to aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Toxicol. Sci. 61(1):187-196.
85. Heideman, W., Antkiewicz, D. S., Carney, S. A., Peterson, R. E. (2005). Zebrafish and cardiac toxicology. Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 5(2):203-214.
86. Helder, T. (1981). Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-dioxin (TCDD) on early life stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson). Toxicology 19(2):101-112.
87. Henry, T. R., Spitsbergen, J. M., Hornung, M. W., Abnet, C. C., Peterson, R. E. (1997). Early life stage toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 142(1):56-68.
88. Hestermann, E. V., Stegeman, J. J., Hahn, M. E. (2000). Relative contributions of affinity and intrinsic efficacy to aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand potency. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 168(2):160-172.
89. Hokanson, R., Miller, S., Hennessey, M., Flesher, M., Hanneman, W., Busbee, D. (2004). Disruption of estrogen-regulated gene expression by dioxin: downregulation of a gene associated with the onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes). Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 23(12):555-564.
90. Hornung, M. W., Spitzbergen, J. M., Peterson, R. E. (1999). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters cardiovascular and craniofacial development and function in sac fry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Toxicol. Sci. 47(1):40-51.
91. Hu, K., Bunce, N. J. (1999). Metabolism of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins by rat liver microsomes. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 13(6):307-315.
92. Hukriede, N., Fisher, D., Epstein, J. (2001). The LN54 radiation hybrid map of zebrafish expressed sequences. Genome Res. 11(12):2127-2132.
93. Hukriede, N. A., Joly, L., Tsang, M. (1999). Radiation hybrid mapping of the zebrafish genome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96(17):9745-9750.
94. Hwang, J. J., Allen, P. D., Tseng, G. C., Lam, C. W., Fananapazir, L., Dzau, V. J., Liew, C. C. (2002). Microarray gene expression profiles in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathic end-stage heart failure. Physiol. Genomics 10(1):31-44.
95. Ide, T., Tsutsui, H., Kinugawa, S., Utsumi, H., Kang, D., Hattori, N., Uchida, K., Arimura, K., Egashira, K., Takeshita, A. (1999). Mitochondrial electron transport complex I is a potential source of oxygen free radicals in the failing myocardium. Circ. Res. 85:357-363.
96. Inouye, K., Shinkyo, R., Takita, T., Ohta, M., Sakaki, T. (2002). Metabolism of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) by human cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase systems. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50(19):5496-5502.
97. Ivnitski-Steele, I. D., Friggens, M., Chavez, M., Walker, M. K. (2005). 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) inhibition of coronary vasculogenesis is mediated, in part, by reduced responsiveness to endogenous angiogenic stimuli, including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 73(6):440-446.
98. Ivnitski-Steele, I. D., Sanchez, A., Walker, M. K. (2004). 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin reduces myocardial hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor expression during chick embryo development. Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 70(2):51-58.
99. Ivnitski-Steele, I. D., Walker, M. K. (2003). Vascular endothelial growth factor rescues 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibition of coronary vasculogenesis. Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 67(7):496-503.
100. Ivnitski, I., Elmaoued, R., Walker, M. K. (2001). 2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) inhibition of coronary development is preceded by a decrease in myocyte proliferation and an increase in cardiac apoptosis. Teratol. 64:201-212.
101. Jin, B., Kim, G., Park, D. W., Ryu, D. Y. (2004). Microarray analysis of gene regulation in the Hepa1c1c7 cell line following exposure to the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicol. In Vitro 18(5):659-664.
102. Johnson, S. L., Gates, M. A., Johnson, M., Talbot, W. S., Horne, S., Baik, K., Rude, S., Wong, J. R., Postlethwait, J. H. (1996). Centromere-linkage analysis and consolidation of the zebrafish genetic map. Genetics 142(4):1277-1288.
103. Karchner, S. I., Powell, W. H., Hahn, M. E. (1999). Two Ah receptors in the marine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus: TCDD binding and tissue-specific expression. Toxicol. Sci. 48(1-S): (Abstract).
104. Karyala, S., Guo, J., Sartor, M., Medvedovic, M., Kann, S., Puga, A., Ryan, P., Tomlinson, C. R. (2004). Different global gene expression profiles in benzo[a]pyrene- and dioxin-treated vascular smooth muscle cells of AHR-knockout and wild-type mice. Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 4(1):47-73.
105. Kelly, P. D., Chu, F., Woods, I. G. (2000). Genetic linkage mapping of zebrafish genes and ESTs. Genome Res. 10(4):558-67.
106. Kennedy, S. W., Lorenzen, A., Jones, S. P., Hahn, M. E., Stegeman, J. J. (1996). Cytochrome P4501A induction in avian hepatocyte cultures: a promising approach for predicting the sensitivity of avian species to toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 141(1):214-230.
107. Kimmel, C. B., Ballard, W. W., Kimmel, S. R., Ullmann, B., Schilling, T. F. (1995). Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 203:253-310.
108. Knapik, E. W., Goodman, A., Atkinson, O. S. (1996). A reference cross DNA panel for zebrafish (Danio rerio) anchored with simple sequence length polymorphisms. Development 123:451-460.
109. Knapik, E. W., Goodman, A., Ekker, M., Chevrette, M., Delgado, J., Neuhauss, S., Shimoda, N., Driever, W., Fishman, M. C., Jacob, H. J. (1998). A microsatellite genetic linkage map for zebrafish (Danio rerio). Nat. Genet. 18(4):338-343.
110. Kolluri, S. K., Balduf, C., Hofmann, M., Gottlicher, M. (2001). Novel target genes of the Ah (dioxin) receptor: transcriptional induction of N-myristoyltransferase 2. Cancer Res. 61(23):8534-8539.
111. Krig, S. R., Chandraratna, R. A., Chang, M. M., Wu, R., Rice, R. H. (2002). Gene-specific TCDD suppression of RARalpha- and RXR-mediated induction of tissue transglutaminase. Toxicol. Sci. 68(1):102-108.
112. Kurachi, M., Hashimoto, S., Obata, A. (2002). Identification of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-responsive genes in mouse liver by serial analysis of gene expression. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 292(2):368-377.
113. Lahvis, G. P., Lindell, S. L., Thomas, R. S., McCuskey, R. S., Murphy, C., Glover, E., Bentz, M., Southard, J., Bradfield, C. A. (2000). Portosystemic shunting and persistent fetal vascular structures in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-deficient mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97(19):10442-10447.
114. Latchoumycandane, C., Chitra, C., Mathur, P. (2002). Induction of oxidative stress in rat epididymal sperm after exposure to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Arch. Toxicol. 76(2):113-118.
115. Latchoumycandane, C., Chitra, K. C., Mathur, P. P. (2003). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces oxidative stress in the epididymis and epididymal sperm of adult rats. Arch. Toxicol. 77(5):280-284.
116. Latchoumycandane, C., Mathur, P. P. (2002). Effects of vitamin E on reactive oxygen species-mediated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi-benzo-p-dioxin toxicity in rat testis. J. Appl. Toxicol. 22(5):345-351.
117. Lin, T. M., Ko, K., Moore, R. W., Simanainen, U., Oberley, T. D., Peterson, R. E. (2002). Effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor null mutation and in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on prostate and seminal vesicle development in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol. Sci. 68(2):479-487.
118. Lund, A., Kanagy, N., Walker, M. (2002). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) null mice exhibit hypertension and increased plasma endothelin levels. The Toxicologist 66(1-S): Abstract #37.
119. Lund, A. K., Goens, M. B., Kanagy, N. L., Walker, M. K. (2003). Cardiac hypertrophy in aryl hydrocarbon receptor null mice is correlated with elevated angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and mean arterial blood pressure. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 193(2):177-187.
120. Lund, A. K., Goens, M. B., Nunez, B. A., Walker, M. K. (2005a). Characterizing the role of endothelin-1 in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) null mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (Epub ahead of print).
121. Lund, A. K., Peterson, S. L., Timmins, G. S., Walker, M. K. (2005b). Endothelin-1-mediated increase in reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase activity in hearts of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) null mice. Toxicol. Sci. 88(1):265-273.
122. Ma, Q., Baldwin, K. T., Renzelli, A. J., McDaniel, A., Dong, L. (2001). TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a novel response to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 289(2):499-506.
123. Martinez, J. M., Afshari, C. A., Bushel, P. R., Masuda, A., Takahashi, T., Walker, N. J. (2002). Differential toxicogenomic responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in malignant and nonmalignant human airway epithelial cells. Toxicol. Sci. 69(2):409-423.
124. Mehrabi, M. R., Steiner, G. E., Dellinger, C. (2002). The arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), but not the AhR-nuclear translocator (ARNT), is increased in hearts of patients with cardiomyopathy. Virchows Arch. 441(5):481-489.
125. Mimura, J., Yamashita, K., Nakamura, K. (1997). Loss of teratogenic response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in mice lacking the Ah (dioxin) receptor. Genes Cells 2(10):645-654.
126. Miyamoto, K. (2004). Effects of dioxin on gene expression in female reproductive system in the rat. Environ. Sci. 11(1):47-55.
127. Mizutani, T., Yoshino, M., Satake, T., Nakagawa, M., Ishimura, R., Tohyama, C., Kokame, K., Kangawa, K., Miyamoto, K. (2004). Identification of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-inducible and -suppressive genes in the rat placenta: induction of interferon-regulated genes with possible inhibitory roles for angiogenesis in the placenta. Endocr. J. 51(6):569-577.
128. Mohideen, M. A., Moore, J. L., Cheng, K. C. (2000). Centromere-linked microsatellite markers for linkage groups 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, and 20 of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Genomics 67(1):102-106.
129. Moriguchi, T., Motohashi, H., Hosoya, T. (2003). Distinct response to dioxin in an arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR)- humanized mouse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100(10):5652-5657.
130. Nagai, H., Takei, T., Tohyama, C., Kubo, M., Abe, R., Nohara, K. (2005). Search for the target genes involved in the suppression of antibody production by TCDD in C57BL/6 mice. Int. Immunopharmacol. 5(2):331-343.
131. Nebert, D. W. (1969). Changes in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and microsomal P450 during polycyclic hydrocarbon treatment of mammalian cells in culture. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 36(6):885-890.
132. Nebert, D. W., Gelboin, H. V. (1969). The in vivo and in vitro induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in mammalian cells of different species, tissues, strains, and developmental and hormonal states. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 134(1):76-89.
133. Neve, E. P., Ingelman-Sundberg, M. (1999). A soluble NH(2)-terminally truncated catalytically active form of rat cytochrome P450 2E1 targeted to liver mitochondria(1). FEBS Lett. 460(2):309-314.
134. Nishimura, N., Miyabara, Y., Suzuki, J. S., Sato, M., Aoki, Y., Satoh, M., Yonemoto, J., Tohyama, C. (2001). Induction of metallothionein in the livers of female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Life Sci. 69(11):1291-1303.
135. Nohl, H., de Silva, D., Summer, K. H. (1989). 2,3,7,8,tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin induces oxygen activation associated with cell respiration. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 6(4):369-374.
136. NRC. (2000a). Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
137. NRC. (2000b). Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
138. Nuwaysir, E. F., Bittner, M., Trent, J., Barrett, J. C., Afshari, C. A. (1999). Microarrays and toxicology: the advent of toxicogenomics. Mol. Carcinog. 24(3):153-159.
139. Park, H. (1999). Aromatic hydrocarbon nuclear translocator as a common component for the hypoxia- and dioxin-induced gene expression. Mol. Cells. 9(2):172-178.
140. Peters, J. M., Narotsky, M. G., Elizondo, G., Fernandez-Salguero, P. M., Gonzalez, F. J., Abbott, B. D. (1999). Amelioration of TCDD-induced teratogenesis in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-null mice. Toxicol. Sci. 47(1):86-92.
141. Pocar, P., Fischer, B., Klonisch, T., Hombach-Klonisch, S. (2005). Molecular interactions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its biological and toxicological relevance for reproduction. Reproduction 129(4):379-389.
142. Pocchiari, F., Silano, V., Zampieri, A. (1979). Human health effects from accidental release of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at Seveso, Italy. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 320:311-320.
143. Pohjanvirta, R., Viluksela, M., Tuomisto, J. T. (1999). Physicochemical differences in the AH receptors of the most TCDD- susceptible and the most TCDD-resistant rat strains. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 155(1):82-95.
144. Poland, A., Knutson, J. C. (1982). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons: examination of the mechanism of toxicity. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 22:517-554.
145. Pollenz, R. S., Davarinos, N. A., Shearer, T. P. (1999). Analysis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated signaling during physiological hypoxia reveals lack of competition for the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator transcription factor. Mol. Pharmacol. 56(6):1127-1137.
146. Postlethwait, J. H., Johnson, S. L., Midson, C. N. (1994). A genetic linkage map for the zebrafish. Science 264(5159):699-703.
147. Powell, D. C. (1996). Effects of 3,3′4,4′- tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,3,3′,4,4′-pentachlorobiphenyl, and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl on the developing chicken embryo when injected prior to incubation. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 49(3):319-338.
148. Powell, W. H., Bright, R., Bello, S. M., Hahn, M. E. (2000). Developmental and tissue-specific expression of AHR1, AHR2, and ARNT2 in dioxin-sensitive and -resistant populations of the marine fish Fundulus heteroclitus. Toxicol. Sci. 57(2):229-239.
149. Puga, A., Maier, A., Medvedovic, M. (2000). The transcriptional signature of dioxin in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 60(8):1129-1142.
150. Puga, A., Sartor, M. A., Huang, M. Y., Kerzee, J. K., Wei, Y. D., Tomlinson, C. R., Baxter, C. S., Medvedovic, M. (2004). Gene expression profiles of mouse aorta and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells differ widely, yet show common responses to dioxin exposure. Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 4(4):385-404.
151. Puga, A., Tomlinson, C. R., Xia, Y. (2005). Ah receptor signals cross-talk with multiple developmental pathways. Biochem. Pharmacol. 69(2):199-207.
152. Reggiani, G. (1979). Estimation of the TCDD toxic potential in the light of the Seveso accident. Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 2:291-302.
153. Riebniger, D., Schrenk, D. (1998). Nonresponsiveness to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin of transforming growth factor beta1 and CYP 1A1 gene expression in rat liver fat-storing cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 152(1):251-260.
154. Safe, S. (1993). Toxicology, structure-function relationship, and human and environmental health impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls: progress and problems. Environ. Health Perspect. 100:259-268.
155. Safe, S., Safe, L., Mullin, M. (1985). Polychlorinated biphenyls: congener-specific analysis of a commercial mixture and human milk extract. J. Agric. Fd. Chem. 33:24-29.
156. Santiago-Josefat, B., Mulero-Navarro, S., Dallas, S. L., Fernandez-Salguero, P. M. (2004). Overexpression of latent transforming growth factor-beta binding protein 1 (LTBP-1) in dioxin receptor-null mouse embryo fibroblasts. J. Cell. Sci. 117(6):849-859.
157. Sarafian, T., Habib, N., Mao, J. T., Tsu, I. H., Yamamoto, M. L., Hsu, E., Tashkin, D. P., Roth, M. D. (2005). Gene expression changes in human small airway epithelial cells exposed to Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Toxicol. Lett. 158(2):95-107.
158. Schlezinger, J. J., Keller, J., Verbrugge, L. A., Stegeman, J. J. (2000). 3,3′,4,4′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl oxidation in fish, bird and reptile species: relationship to cytochrome P450 1A inactivation and reactive oxygen production. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 125(3):273-286.
159. Schlezinger, J. J., White, R. D., Stegeman, J. J. (1999). Oxidative inactivation of cytochrome P-450 1A (CYP1A) stimulated by 3,3′,4,4′- tetrachlorobiphenyl: production of reactive oxygen by vertebrate CYP1As. Mol. Pharmacol. 56(3):588-597.
160. Sedmera, D., Pexieder, T., Vuillemin, M., Thompson, R. P., Anderson, R. H. (2000). Developmental patterning of the myocardium. Anat. Rec. 258:319-337.
161. Selkirk, J., Tennant, R. W. (2002). Gordon Conference on Toxicogenomics, http://www.grc.uri.edu/programs/2003/toxico.htm.
162. Selmin, O., Lucier, G. W., Clark, G. C., Tritscher, A. M., Vanden Heuvel, J. P., Gastel, J. A., Walker, N. J., Sutter, T. R., Bell, D. A. (1996). Isolation and characterization of a novel gene induced by 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rat liver. Carcinogenesis 17(12):2609-2615.
163. Senft, A. P., Dalton, T. P., Nebert, D. W., Genter, M. B., Puga, A., Shertzer, H. G. (2001). Dioxin-stimulated production of reactive oxygen in liver mitochondria from CYP1A1 +/+ and CYP1A1-/- mice. The Toxicologist 60(1-S): Abstract #1282.
164. Senft, A. P., Dalton, T. P., Nebert, D. W., Genter, M. B., Hutchinson, R. J., Shertzer, H. G. (2002). Dioxin increases reactive oxygen production in mouse liver mitochondria. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 178(1):15-21.
165. Senft, A. P., Dalton, T. P., Nebert, D. W., Genter, M. B., Puga, A., Hutchinson. R. J., Kerzee, J. K., Uno, S., Shertzer, H. G. (2002). Mitochondrial reactive oxygen production is dependent on the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33(9):1268-1278.
166. Shayiq, R. M., Addya, S., Avadhani, N. G. (1991). Constitutive and inducible forms of cytochrome P450 from hepatic mitochondria. Methods Enzymol. 206:587-594.
167. Shertzer, H. G., Clay, C. D., Genter, M. B., Schneider, S. N., Nebert, D. W., Dalton, T. P. (2004). Cyp1a2 protects against reactive oxygen production in mouse liver microsomes. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 36(5):605-617.
168. Shertzer, H. G., Nebert, D. W., Puga, A., Ary, M., Sonntag, D., Dixon, K., Robinson, L. J., Cianciolo, E., Dalton, T. P. (1998). Dioxin causes a sustained oxidative stress response in the mouse. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 253(1):44-48.
169. Shimada, T., Inoue, K., Suzuki, Y. (2002). Arylhydrocarbon receptor-dependent induction of liver and lung cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in genetically engineered C57BL/6J mice. Carcinogenesis 23(7):1199-1207.
170. Shimada, T., Watanabe, J., Inoue, K., Guengerich, F. P., Gillam, E. M. (2001). Specificity of 17beta-oestradiol and benzo[a]pyrene oxidation by polymorphic human cytochrome P4501B1 variants substituted at residues 48, 119 and 432. Xenobiotica 31(3):163-176.
171. Shimoda, N., Knapik, E. W., Ziniti, J., Sim, C., Yamada, E., Kaplan, S., Jackson, D., de Sauvage, F., Jacob, H., Fishman, M. C. (1999). Zebrafish genetic map with 2000 microsatellite markers. Genomics 58(3):219-232.
172. Shinkyo, R., Sakaki, T., Ohta, M., Inouye, K. (2003a). Metabolic pathways of dioxin by CYP1A1: species difference between rat and human CYP1A subfamily in the metabolism of dioxins. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 409(1):180-187.
173. Shinkyo, R., Sakaki, T., Takita, T., Ohta, M., Inouye, K. (2003b). Generation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD-metabolizing enzyme by modifying rat CYP1A1 through site-directed mutagenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 308(3):511-517.
174. Slezak, B. P., Diliberto, J. J., Birnbaum, L. S. (1999). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated oxidative stress in CYP1A2 knockout (CYP1A2-/-) mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 264(2):376-379.
175. Slezak, B. P., Hamm, J. T., Reyna, J., Hurst, C. H., Birnbaum, L. S. (2002). TCDD-mediated oxidative stress in male rat pups following perinatal exposure. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 16(2):49-52.
176. Slezak, B. P., Hatch, G. E., DeVito, M. J., Diliberto, J. J., Slade, R., Crissman, K., Hassoun, E., Birnbaum, L. S. (2000). Oxidative stress in female B6C3F1 mice following acute and subchronic exposure to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Toxicol. Sci. 54(2):390-398.
177. Smith, A. G., Clothier, B., Carthew, P., Childs, N. L., Sinclair, P. R., Nebert, D. W., Dalton, T. P. (2001). Protection of the Cyp1a2(-/-) null mouse against uroporphyria and hepatic injury following exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 173(2):89-98.
178. Sommer, R. J., Hume, A. J., Ciak, J. M., Vannostrand, J. J., Friggens, M., Walker, M. K. (2005). Early developmental 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin exposure decreases chick embryo heart chronotropic response to isoproterenol but not to agents affecting signals downstream of the beta-adrenergic receptor. Toxicol. Sci. 83(2):363-371.
179. Son, D. S., Rozman, K. K. (2002). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathway in mouse hepatoma cell lines. Arch. Toxicol. 76(7):404-413.
180. Sorescu, D., Griendling, K. K. (2002). Reactive oxygen species, mitochondria, and NAD(P)H oxidases in the development and progression of heart failure. Congest. Heart Fail. 8(3):132-140.
181. Spitsbergen, J. M., Kent, M. L. (2003). The state of the art of the zebrafish model for toxicology and toxicologic pathology research-advantages and current limitations. Toxicol. Pathol. 31(Suppl):62-87.
182. Spitsbergen, J. M., Walker, M. K., Olson, J. R., Peterson, R. E. (1991). Pathologic alterations in early life stages of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as fertilized eggs. Aquat. Toxicol. 19:41-72.
183. Stainier, D. Y., Fouquet, B., Chen, J. N. (1996). Mutations affecting the formation and function of the cardiovascular system in the zebrafish embryo. Development 123:285-292.
184. Stainier, D. Y., Weinstein, B. M., Detrich, 3rd, H. W., Zon, L. I., Fishman, M. C. (1995). Cloche, an early acting zebrafish gene, is required by both the endothelial and hematopoietic lineages. Development 121(10):3141-3150.
185. Staples, J. E., Murante, F. G., Fiore, N. C., Gasiewicz, T. A., Silverstone, A. E. (1998). Thymic alterations induced by 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin are strictly dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in hemopoietic cells. J. Immunol. 160(8):3844-3854.
186. Stohs, S. J. (1990). Oxidative stress induced by 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Free Radic. Biol. Med. 9(1):79-90.
187. Stohs, S. J., Alsharif, N. Z., Shara, M. A., al-Bayati, Z. A., Wahba, Z. Z. (1991). Evidence for the induction of an oxidative stress in rat hepatic mitochondria by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 283:827-831.
188. Stohs, S. J., Shara, M. A., Alsharif, N. Z., Wahba, Z. Z., al-Bayati, Z. A. (1990). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced oxidative stress in female rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 106(1):126-135.
189. Stresser, D. M., Kupfer, D. (1998). Human cytochrome P450-catalyzed conversion of the proestrogenic pesticide methoxychlor into an estrogen - Role of CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 in O-demethylation. Drug Metab. Dispos. 26(9):868-874.
190. Suzuki, Y. J., Nagase, H., Nie, K., Park, A. M. (2005). Redox control of growth factor signaling: recent advances in cardiovascular medicine. Antioxid. Redox. Signal. 7(5-6):829-834.
191. Svensson, C., Lundberg, K. (2001). Immune-specific up-regulation of adseverin gene expression by 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Mol. Pharmacol. 60(1):135-142.
192. Tanabe, S. (1985). Distribution, behaviour and fate of PCBs in the marine environment. Lecture by the member awarded the Okada prize of the Oceanographical Society of Japan for 1985. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan 41:358-370.
193. Teraoka, H., Dong, W., Hiraga, T. (2003a). Zebrafish as a novel experimental model for developmental toxicology. Congenit. Anom. Kyoto 43(2):123-132.
194. Teraoka, H., Dong, W., Ogawa, S., Tsukiyama, S., Okuhara, Y., Niiyama, M., Ueno, N., Peterson, R. E., Hiraga, T. (2002). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin toxicity in the zebrafish embryo: altered regional blood flow and impaired lower jaw development. Toxicol. Sci. 65(2):192-199.
195. Teraoka, H., Dong, W., Tsujimoto, Y., Iwasa, H., Endoh, D., Ueno, N., Stegeman, J. J., Peterson, R. E., Hiraga, T. (2003b). Induction of cytochrome P450 1A is required for circulation failure and edema by 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in zebrafish. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 304(2):223-228.
196. Terasaka, S., Aita, Y., Inoue, A. (2004). Using a customized DNA microarray for expression profiling of the estrogen-responsive genes to evaluate estrogen activity among natural estrogens and industrial chemicals. Environ. Health Perspect. 112(7):773-781.
197. Thackaberry, E. A., Gabaldon, D. M., Walker, M. K., Smith, S. M. (2002). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor null mice develop cardiac hypertrophy and increased hpoxia-inducible factor-1α in the absence of cardiac hypoxia. Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 2(4):263-274.
198. Thackaberry, E. A., Jiang, Z., Johnson, C. D., Ramos, K. S., Walker, M. K. (2005a). Toxicogenomic profile of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the murine fetal heart: modulation of cell cycle and extracellular matrix genes. Toxicol. Sci. 88(1):231-241.
199. Thackaberry, E. A., Nunez, B. A., Ivnitski-Steele, I. D., Friggins, M., Walker, M. K. (2005b). Effect of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the murine heart development: alteration in fetal and postnatal cardiac growth, and postnatal cardiac chronotropy. Toxicol. Sci. 88(1):242-249.
200. Tjwa, M., Luttun, A., Autiero, M., Carmeliet, P. (2003). VEGF and PlGF: two pleiotropic growth factors with distinct roles in development and homeostasis. Cell Tissue Res. 314(1):5-14.
201. Toomey, B. H., Bello, S., Hahn, M. E., Cantrell, S., Wright, P., Tillitt, D. E., Di Giulio, R. T. (2001). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces apoptotic cell death and cytochrome P4501A expression in developing Fundulus heteroclitus embryos. Aquat. Toxicol. 53(2):127-138.
202. Tritscher, A. M., Seacat, A. M., Yager, J. D., Groopman, J. D., Miller, B. D., Bell, D., Sutter, T. R., Lucier, G. W. (1996). Increased oxidative DNA damage in livers of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodiobenzo-p-dioxin treated intact but not ovariectomized rats. Cancer Lett. 98:219-225.
203. Uno, S., Dalton, T. P., Sinclair, P. R., Gorman, N., Wang, B., Smith, A. G., Miller, M. L., Shertzer, H. G., Nebert, D. W. (2004). Cyp1a1(-/-) male mice: protection against high-dose TCDD-induced lethality and wasting syndrome, and resistance to intrahepatocyte lipid accumulation and uroporphyria. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 196(3):410-421.
204. Vasquez, A., Atallah-Yunes, N., Smith, F. C., You, X., Chase, S. E., Silverstone, A. E., Vikstrom, K. L. (2003). A role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cardiac physiology and function as demonstrated by AhR knockout mice. Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 3(2):153-163.
205. Vezina, C. M., Walker, N. J., Olson, J. R. (2004). Subchronic exposure to TCDD, PeCDF, PCB126, and PCB153: effect on hepatic gene expression. Environ. Health Perspect. 112(16):1636-1644.
206. Walker, M. K., Catron, T. F. (2000). Characterization of cardiotoxicity induced by 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related chemicals during early chick embryo development. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 167(3):210-221.
207. Walker, M. K., Heid, S. E., Smith, S. M., Swanson, H. I. (2000). Molecular characterization and developmental expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor from the chick embryo. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 126(3):305-319.
208. Walker, M. K., Peterson, R. E. (1991). Potencies of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners, relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, for producing early life stage mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat. Toxicol. 21:219-238.
209. Walker, M. K., Peterson, R. E. (1994). Toxicity of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during early development. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 13(5):817-820.
210. Walker, M. K., Pollenz, R. S., Smith, S. M. (1997). Expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and AhR nuclear translocator during chick cardiogenesis is consistent with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced heart defects. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 143(2):407-419.
211. Weaver, G. (1984). PCB contamination in and around New Bedford, Massachusetts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 18(1):22A-27A.
212. Wilson, J. G. (1973). Environment and Birth Defects. New York: Academic Press.
213. Wisk, J. D., Cooper, K. R. (1990a). Comparison of the toxicity of several polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in embryos of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Chemosphere 20(3/4):361-377.
214. Wisk, J. D., Cooper, K. R. (1990b). The stage specific toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in embryos of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9:1159-1169.
215. Wolff, S., Harper, P. A., Wong, J. M., Mostert, V., Wang, Y., Abel, J. (2001). Cell-specific regulation of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression by transforming growth factor-beta(1). Mol. Pharmacol. 59(4):716-724.
216. Woods, I. G., Kelly, P. D., Chu, F., Ngo-Hazelett, P., Yan, Y. L., Huang, H., Postlethwait, J. H., Talbot, W. S. (2000). A comparative map of the zebrafish genome. Genome Res. 10(12):1903-1914.
217. Wroblewski, V. J., Olson, J. R. (1985). Hepatic metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the rat and guinea pig. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 81(2):231-240.
218. Wroblewski, V. J., Olson, J. R. (1988). Effect of monooxygenase inducers and inhibitors on the hepatic metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the rat and hamster. Drug Metabol. Dispos. 16:43-51.
219. Wu, W. Z., Zhang, Q. H., Schramm, K. W., Xu, Y., Kettrup, A. (2000). Distribution, transformation, and long-term accumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in different tissues of fish and piscivorous birds. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 46(3):252-257.
220. Wyde, M. E., Wong, V. A., Kim, A. H., Lucier, G. W., Walker, N. J. (2001). Induction of hepatic 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine adducts by 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Sprague-Dawley rats is female-specific and estrogen-dependent. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 14(7):849-855.
221. Zabel, E. W., Cook, P. M., Peterson, R. E. (1995). Toxic equivalency factors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyl congeners based on early life stage mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aqua. Toxicol. 31:315-328.
222. Zaher, H., Fernandez-Salguero, P. M., Letterio, J., Sheikh, M. S., Fornace, A. J., Jr., Roberts, A. B., Gonzalez, F. J. (1998a). The involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the activation of transforming growth factor-beta and apoptosis. Mol. Pharmacol. 54(2):313-321.
223. Zaher, H., Yang, T. J., Gelboin, H. V., Fernandez-Salguero, P., Gonzalez, F. J. (1998b). Effect of phenobarbital on hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in the Ahr-null mouse. Biochem. Pharmacol. 55(2):235-8.
224. Zeytun, A., McKallip, R. J., Fisher, M., Camacho, I., Nagarkatti, M., Nagarkatti, P. S. (2002). Analysis of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin- induced gene expression profile in vivo using pathway-specific cDNA arrays. Toxicology 178(3):241-260.
225. Zhang, L., Shiverick, K. T. (1997). Benzo(a)pyrene, but not 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, alters cell proliferation and c-myc and growth factor expression in human placental choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 231(1):117-120.