Dietary restriction in Drosophila

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

Volumn 126, Issue 9 SPEC. ISS., 2005, Pages 938-950

  Partridge, Linda ^a   Piper, Matthew D W ^a   Mair, William ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Demographic analysis; Dietary restriction; Drosophila

Indexed keywords

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; INSULIN; PROTEIN SUBUNIT; SILENT INFORMATION REGULATOR PROTEIN 2; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN; SUPEROXIDE; TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN KINASE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; DIET RESTRICTION; DILUTION; DROSOPHILA; FEEDING; FEMALE; FERTILITY; FOOD; LABORATORY; LIFESPAN; MALE; METABOLIC RATE; MITOCHONDRION; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; POLLEN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTERACTION; STARVATION; YEAST;

ANIMALIA; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER;

EID: 13944265866     PISSN: 00476374     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.023     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. K.A. Al-Regaiey, M.M. Masternak, M. Bonkowski, L. Sun, and A. Bartke Long-lived growth hormone receptor knockout mice: interaction of reduced IGF/insulin signalling and caloric restriction Endocrinology 146 2005 851 860
2. J. Alcedo, and C. Kenyon Regulation of C. elegans longevity by specific gustatory and olfactory neurons Neuron 41 2004 45 55
3. R.M. Anderson, M. Latorre-Esteves, A.R. Neves, S. Lavu, O. Medvedik, C. Taylor, K.T. Howitz, H. Santos, and D.A. Sinclair Yeast life-span extension by calorie restriction is independent of NAD fluctuation Science 302 2003 2124 2126
4. J. Apfeld, and C. Kenyon Regulation of lifespan by sensory perception in Caenorhabditis elegans Nature 402 1999 804 809
5. M. Ashburner Drosophila a Laboratory Manual 1990 Cold Spring Harbor Press Cold Spring Harbor
6. S.U. Astrom, T.W. Cline, and J. Rine The Drosophila melanogaster sir2+ gene is non-essential and has only minor effects on position-effect variegation Genetics 163 2003 931 937
7. A.I. Barnes, and L. Partridge Costing reproduction Anim. Behav. 66 2003 199 204
8. A. Bartke, J.C. Wright, J.A. Mattison, D.K. Ingram, R.A. Miller, and G.S. Roth Dietary restriction and life-span Science 296 2002 2141 2142 (author reply, pp. 2141-2142)
9. D. Berrigan, S.N. Perkins, D.C. Haines, and S.D. Hursting Adult-onset calorie restriction and fasting delay spontaneous tumorigenesis in p53-deficient mice Carcinogenesis 23 2002 817 822
10. M. Bluher, B.B. Kahn, and C.R. Kahn Extended longevity in mice lacking the insulin receptor in adipose tissue Science 299 2003 572 574
11. R. Bohni, J. Riesgo-Escovar, S. Oldham, W. Brogiolo, H. Stacker, B.F. Andruss, K. Beckingham, and E. Hafen Autonomous control of cell and organ size by CHICO, a Drosophila homolog of vertebrate IRS1-4 Cell 97 1999 865 875
12. B.P. Braeckman, K. Houthoofd, and J.R. Vanfleteren Insulin-like signaling, metabolism, stress resistance and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans Mech. Ageing Dev. 122 2001 673 693
13. J.S. Britton, W.K. Lockwood, L. Li, S.M. Cohen, and B.A.D.C. Edgar Drosophila's insulin/PI3-kinase pathway coordinates cellular metabolism with nutritional conditions Dev. Cell 2 2002 239 249
14. W. Brogiolo, H. Stacker, T. Ikeya, F. Rintelen, R. Fernandez, and E. Hafen An evolutionarily conserved function of the Drosophila insulin receptor and insulin-like peptides in growth control Curr. Biol. 11 2001 213 221
15. S.J. Broughton, M.D.W. Piper, T. Ikeya, T.M. Bass, J. Jacobson, Y. Driege, P. Martinez, E. Hafen, D.J. Withers, S.J. Leevers, and L. Partridge Longer lifespan, altered metabolism and stress resistance in Drosophila from ablation of cells making insulin-like ligands Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 2005 3105 3110
16. A. Brunet, L.B. Sweeney, J.F. Sturgill, K.F. Chua, P.L. Greer, Y. Lin, H. Tran, S.E. Ross, R. Mostoslavsky, H.Y. Cohen, L.S. Hu, H.L. Cheng, M.P. Jedrychowski, S.P. Gygi, D.A. Sinclair, F.W. Alt, and M.E. Greenberg Stress-dependent regulation of FOXO transcription factors by the SIRT1 deacetylase Science 303 2004 2011 2015
17. J.R. Carey, P. Liedo, L. Harshman, Y. Zhang, H.G. Muller, L. Partridge, and J.L. Wang Life history response of Mediterranean fruit flies to dietary restriction Aging Cell 1 2002 140 148
18. T. Chapman, L.F. Liddle, J.M. Kalb, M.F. Wolfner, and L. Partridge Cost of mating in Drosophila melanogaster females is mediated by male accessory gland products Nature 373 1995 241 244
19. T. Chapman, and L. Partridge Female fitness in Drosophila melanogaster: an interaction between the effect of nutrition and of encounter rate with males Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 263 1996 755 759
20. T. Chapman, S. Trevitt, and L. Partridge Remating and male-derived nutrients in Drosophila melanogaster J. Evol. Biol. 7 1994 51 69
21. A.K. Chippindale, A. Leroi, S.B. Kim, and M.R. Rose Phenotypic plasticity and selection in Drosophila life history evolution. 1. Nutrition and the cost of reproduction J. Evol. Biol. 6 1993 171 193
22. H.Y. Chung, H.J. Kim, K.W. Kim, J.S. Choi, and B.P. Yu Molecular inflammation hypothesis of aging based on the anti-aging mechanism of calorie restriction Microsc. Res. Tech. 59 2002 264 272
23. D.J. Clancy, D. Gems, E. Hafen, S.J. Leevers, and L. Partridge Dietary restriction in long-lived dwarf flies Science 296 2002 319
24. D.J. Clancy, D. Gems, L.G. Harshman, S. Oldham, H. Stacker, E. Hafen, S.J. Leevers, and L. Partridge Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein Science 292 2001 104 106
25. J. Colombani, S. Raisin, S. Pantalacci, T. Radimerski, J. Montagne, and P. Leopold A nutrient sensor mechanism controls Drosophila growth Cell 114 2003 739 749
26. T.M. Cooper, R.J. Mockett, B.H. Sohal, R.S. Sohal, and W.C. Orr Effect of caloric restriction on life span of the housefly, Musca domestica FASEB J. 18 2004 1591 1593
27. J. David, J. van Herrewege, and P. Fouillet Quantitative under-feeding of Drosophila: effects on adult longevity and fecundity Exp. Gerontol. 6 1971 249 257
28. G. de Jong Covariance between traits deriving from successive allocations of a resource Funct. Ecol. 7 1993 75 83
29. G. de Jong, and A.J. van Noordwijk Acquisition and allocation of resources: genetic (co)variances, selection and life histories Am. Nat. 139 1992 749 770
30. D. Drummond-Barbosa, and A.C. Spradling Stem cells and their progeny respond to nutritional changes during Drosophila oogenesis Dev. Biol. 231 2001 265 278
31. +-coupled citrate transporter, to life span, body size and fat content in Caenorhabditis elegans Biochem. J. 379 2004 191 198
32. C.E. Finch Longevity, Senescence and the Genome 1990 Chicago University Press Chicago
33. T. Finkel Oxidant signals and oxidative stress Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 15 2003 247 254
34. M.J. Forster, B.H. Sohal, and R.S. Sohal Reversible effects of long-term caloric restriction on protein oxidative damage J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 55 2000 B522 B529
35. K. Fowler, and L. Partridge A cost of mating in female fruit flies Nature 338 1989 760 761
36. D.B. Friedman, and T.E. Johnson A mutation in the age-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans lengthens life and reduces hermaphrodite fertility Genetics 118 1988 75 86
37. X. Gao, and D. Pan TSC1 and TSC2 tumor suppressors antagonize insulin signaling in cell growth Genes Dev. 15 2001 1383 1392
38. D. Gems, S. Pletcher, and L. Partridge Interpreting interactions between treatments that slow aging Aging Cell 1 2002 1 9
39. M.E. Giannakou, M. Goss, M.A. Junger, E. Hafen, S.J. Leevers, and L. Partridge Long-lived Drosophila with overexpressed dFOXO in adult fat body Science 305 2004 361
40. T.P. Good, and M. Tatar Age-specific mortality and reproduction respond to adult dietary restriction in Drosophila melanogaster J. Insect Physiol. 47 2001 1467 1473
41. 2 production and oxidative DNA damage in rat liver mitochondria and location of the free radical source J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 33 2001 279 287
42. R. Gredilla, A. Sanz, M. Lopez-Torres, and G. Barja Caloric restriction decreases mitochondrial free radical generation at complex I and lowers oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in the rat heart FASEB J. 15 2001 1589 1591
43. Guarente, L., 2005. Calorie restriction and SIR2 genes - towards a mechanism. Mech. Ageing Dev., in press, doi:10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.013.
44. D.M. Hall, T.D. Oberley, P.M. Moseley, G.R. Buettner, L.W. Oberley, R. Weindruch, and K.C. Kregel Caloric restriction improves thermotolerance and reduces hyperthermia-induced cellular damage in old rats FASEB J. 14 2000 78 86
45. D. Harman Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry J. Gerontol. 2 1956 298 300
46. D.E. Harrison, and J.R. Archer Natural selection for extended longevity from food restriction Growth Dev. Aging 52 1988 65
47. L.G. Harshman, A.A. Hoffmann, and T. Prout Environmental effects on remating in Drosophila melanogaster Evolution 42 1988 312 321
48. M. Hertweck, C. Gobel, and R. Baumeister C. elegans SGK-1 is the critical component in the Akt/PKB kinase complex to control stress response and life span Dev. Cell 6 2004 577 588
49. R. Holliday Food, reproduction and longevity: is the extended lifespan of calorie-restricted animals an evolutionary adaptation? Bioessays 10 1989 125 127
50. M. Holzenberger, J. Dupont, B. Ducos, P. Leneuve, A. Geloen, P.C. Even, P. Cervera, and Y. Le Bouc IGF-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice Nature 421 2003 182 187
51. K. Houthoofd, B.P. Braeckman, T.E. Johnson, and J.R. Vanfleteren Life extension via dietary restriction is independent of the Ins/IGF-1 signalling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans Exp. Gerontol. 38 2003 947 954
52. K. Houthoofd, B.P. Braeckman, I. Lenaerts, K. Brys, A. De Vreese, S. Van Eygen, and J.R. Vanfleteren Axenic growth up-regulates mass-specific metabolic rate, stress resistance, and extends life span in Caenorhabditis elegans Exp. Gerontol. 37 2002 1371 1378
53. K. Houthoofd, B.P. Braeckman, I. Lenaerts, K. Brys, A. De Vreese, S. Van Eygen, and J.R. Vanfleteren No reduction of metabolic rate in food restricted Caenorhabditis elegans Exp. Gerontol. 37 2002 1359 1369
54. A.J. Hulbert, D.J. Clancy, W. Mair, B.P. Braeckman, D. Gems, and L. Partridge Metabolic rate is not reduced by dietary-restriction or by lowered insulin/IGF-1 signalling and is not correlated with individual lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster Exp. Gerontol. 39 2004 1137 1143
55. D.S. Hwangbo, B. Gersham, M.P. Tu, M. Palmer, and M. Tatar Drosophila dFOXO controls lifespan and regulates insulin signalling in brain and fat body Nature 429 2004 562 566
56. T. Ikeya, M. Galic, P. Belawat, K. Nairz, and E. Hafen Nutrient-dependent expression of insulin-like peptides from neuroendocrine cells in the CNS contributes to growth regulation in Drosophila Curr. Biol. 12 2002 1293 1300
57. N. Ito, and G.M. Rubin gigas, a Drosophila homolog of tuberous sclerosis gene product-2, regulates the cell cycle Cell 1999 96
58. K. Iwasaki, C.A. Gleiser, E.J. Masoro, C.A. McMahan, E.J. Seo, and B.P. Yu The influence of dietary-protein source on longevity and age-related disease processes of Fischer rats J. Gerontol. 43 1988 B5 B12
59. K. Iwasaki, C.A. Gleiser, E.J. Masoro, C.A. McMahan, E.J. Seo, and B.P. Yu Influence of the restriction of individual dietary-components on longevity and age-related disease of Fischer rats - the fat component and the mineral component J. Gerontol. 43 1988 B13 B21
60. J.C. Jiang, E. Jaruga, M.V. Repnevskaya, and S.M. Jazwinski An intervention resembling caloric restriction prolongs life span and retards aging in yeast FASEB J. 14 2000 2135 2137
61. J.C. Jiang, J. Wawryn, H.M. Shantha Kumara, and S.M. Jazwinski Distinct roles of processes modulated by histone deacetylases Rpd3p, Hdalp, and Sir2p in life extension by caloric restriction in yeast Exp. Gerontol. 37 2002 1023 1030
62. T.E. Johnson, D.B. Freidman, N. Foltz, P.A. Fitzpatrick, and J.E. Shoemaker Genetic variants and mutations of Caenorhabditis elegans provide tools for dissecting the aging process D.E. Harrison Genetic Effects of Aging vol. II 1990 Telford Caldwell, NJ 101 126
63. T.E. Johnson, D.B. Friedman, P.A. Fitzpatrick, and W.L. Conley Mutant genes that extend life span Basic Life Sci. 42 1987 91 100
64. M. Kaeberlein, K.T. Kirkland, S. Fields, and B.K. Kennedy Sir2-independent life span extension by calorie restriction in yeast PLoS Biol. 2 2004 E296
65. M. Kaeberlein, M. McVey, and L. Guarente The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms Genes Dev. 13 1999 2570 2580
66. P. Kapahi, B.M. Zid, T. Harper, D. Koslover, V. Sapin, and S. Benzer Regulation of lifespan in Drosophila by modulation of genes in the TOR signaling pathway Curr. Biol. 14 2004 885 890
67. C. Kenyon, J. Chang, E. Gensch, A. Rudner, and R. Tabtiang A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type Nature 366 1993 461 464
68. H.J. Kim, K.J. Jung, B.P. Yu, C.G. Cho, J.S. Choi, and H.Y. Chung Modulation of redox-sensitive transcription factors by calorie restriction during aging Mech. Ageing Dev. 123 2002 1589 1595
69. S. Kim, A. Benguria, C.Y. Lai, and S.M. Jazwinski Modulation of life-span by histone deacetylase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Biol. Cell 10 1999 3125 3136
70. K.D. Kimura, H.A. Tissenbaum, Y. Liu, and G. Ruvkun daf-2, an insulin receptor-like gene that regulates longevity and diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans Science 277 1997 942 946
71. T.B. Kirkwood, and R. Holliday The evolution of ageing and longevity Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 205 1979 531 546
72. M.R. Klass Aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: major biological and environmental factors influencing life span Mech. Ageing Dev. 6 1977 413 429
73. M.R. Klass A method for the isolation of longevity mutants in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and initial results Mech. Ageing Dev. 22 1983 279 286
74. B. Lakowski, and S. Hekimi The genetics of caloric restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 1998 13091 13096
75. A.J. Lambert, and B.J. Merry Effect of caloric restriction on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and bioenergetics: reversal by insulin Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 286 2004 R71 R79
76. A.J. Lambert, B. Wang, and B.J. Merry Exogenous insulin can reverse the effects of caloric restriction on mitochondria Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 316 2004 1196 1201
77. P.L. Larsen, and C.F. Clarke Extension of life-span in Caenorhabditis elegans by a diet lacking coenzyme Q Science 295 2002 120 123
78. A. Lass, B.H. Sohal, R. Weindruch, M.J. Forster, and R.S. Sohal Caloric restriction prevents age-associated accrual of oxidative damage to mouse skeletal muscle mitochondria Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25 1998 1089 1097
79. E. Le Bourg, and N. Minois Failure to confirm increased longevity in Drosophila melanogaster submitted to a food restriction procedure J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 51 1996 B280 B283
80. S.J. Leevers, D. Weinkove, L.K. MacDougall, E. Hafen, and M.D. Waterfield The Drosophila phosphoinositide 3-kinase Dpi 10 promotes cell growth EMBO J. 15 1996 6584 6594
81. R.L. Levine, and E.R. Stadtman Oxidative modification of proteins during aging Exp. Gerontol. 36 2001 1495 1502
82. K. Lin, J.B. Dorman, A. Rodan, and C. Kenyon daf-16: an HNF-3/forkhead family member that can function to double the life-span of Caenorhabditis elegans Science 278 1997 1319 1322
83. S.J. Lin, P.A. Defossez, and L. Guarente Requirement of NAD and SIR2 for life-span extension by calorie restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Science 289 2000 2126 2128
84. S.J. Lin, E. Ford, M. Haigis, G. Liszt, and L. Guarente Calorie restriction extends yeast life span by lowering the level of NADH Genes Dev. 18 2004 12 16
85. S.J. Lin, M. Kaeberlein, A.A. Andalis, L.A. Sturtz, P.A. Defossez, V.C. Culotta, G.R. Fink, and L. Guarente Calorie restriction extends Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan by increasing respiration Nature 418 2002 344 348
86. T. Magwere, T. Chapman, and L. Partridge Sex differences in the effect of dietary restriction on life span and mortality rates in female and male Drosophila melanogaster J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 59 2004 3 9
87. W. Mair, P. Goymer, S.D. Pletcher, and L. Partridge Demography of dietary restriction and death in Drosophila Science 301 2003 1731 1733
88. W. Mair, C.M. Sgro, A.P. Johnson, T. Chapman, and L. Partridge Lifespan extension by dietary restriction in female Drosophila melanogaster is not caused by a reduction in vitellogenesis or ovarian activity Exp. Gerontol. 39 2004 1011 1019
89. J.H. Marden, B. Rogina, K.L. Montooth, and S.L. Helfand Conditional tradeoffs between aging and organismal performance of Indy long-lived mutant flies Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 2003 3369 3373
90. G.M. Martin, S.N. Austad, and T.E. Johnson Genetic analysis of ageing: role of oxidative damage and environmental stresses Nat. Genet. 13 1996 25 34
91. S.J. Marygold, and S.J. Leevers Growth signaling: TSC takes its place Curr. Biol. 2002 R785 R787
92. E.J. Masoro Caloric restriction Aging (Milano) 10 1998 173 174
93. E.J. Masoro Caloric restriction and aging: an update Exp. Gerontol. 35 2000 299 305
94. E.J. Masoro Caloric Restriction: a Key to Understanding and Modulating Aging 2002 Elsevier Amsterdam
95. E.J. Masoro, and S.N. Austad The evolution of the antiaging action of dietary restriction: a hypothesis J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 51 1996 B387 B391
96. E.J. Masoro, K. Iwasaki, C.A. Gleiser, C.A. McMahan, E.J. Seo, and B.P. Yu Dietary modulation of the progression of nephropathy in aging rats: an evaluation of the importance of protein Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 49 1989 1217 1227
97. E.J. Masoro, I. Shimokawa, Y. Higami, C.A. McMahan, and B.P. Yu Temporal pattern of food intake not a factor in the retardation of aging processes by dietary restriction. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 50A 1995 B48 B53
98. E.J. Masoro, B.P. Yu, and H.A. Bertrand Action of food restriction in delaying the aging process Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79 1982 4239 4241
99. R. McCarter, E.J. Masoro, and B.P. Yu Does food restriction retard aging by reducing metabolic rate? Am. J. Physiol. 248 1985 E488 E490
100. C.M. McCay, M.F. Crowell, and L.A. Maynard The effect of retarded growth upon the length of lifespan and upon the ultimate body size J. Nutr. 10 1935 63 79
101. B.J. Merry Molecular mechanisms linking calorie restriction and longevity Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 34 2002 1340 1354
102. S. Miwa, K. Riyahi, L. Partridge, and M.D. Brand Lack of correlation between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and lifespan in Drosophila Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1019 2004 388 391
103. J.Z. Morris, H.A. Tissenbaum, and G. Ruvkun A phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase family member regulating longevity and diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans Nature 382 1996 536 539
104. M.C. Motta, N. Divecha, M. Lemieux, C. Kamel, D. Chen, W. Gu, Y. Bultsma, M. McBurney, and L. Guarente Mammalian SIRT1 represses forkhead transcription factors Cell 116 2004 551 563
105. B.L. Newman, J.R. Lundblad, Y. Chen, and S.M. Smolik A Drosophila homologue of Sir2 modifies position-effect variegation but does not affect life span Genetics 162 2002 1675 1685
106. S. Ogg, S. Paradis, S. Gottlieb, G.I. Patterson, L. Lee, H.A. Tissenbaum, and G. Ruvkun The fork head transcription factor DAF-16 transduces insulin-like metabolic and longevity signals in C. elegans Nature 389 1997 994 999
107. N. Orentreich, J.R. Matias, A. DeFelice, and J.A. Zimmerman Low methionine ingestion by rats extends life span J. Nutr. 123 1993 269 274
108. M.R. Palmer, and T.B. Sackton The effects of dietary coenzyme Q on Drosophila life span Aging Cell 2 2003 335 339
109. R. Pamplona, M. Portero-Otin, J. Requena, R. Gredilla, and G. Barja Oxidative, glycoxidative and lipoxidative damage to rat heart mitochondrial proteins is lower after 4 months of caloric restriction than in age-matched controls Mech. Ageing Dev. 123 2002 1437 1446
110. L. Partridge, A. Green, and K. Fowler Effects of egg-production and of exposure to males on female survival in Drosophila melanogaster J. Insect Physiol. 33 1987 745 749
111. L. Partridge, and P.H. Harvey Evolutionary biology: costs of reproduction Nature 316 1985 20 21
112. L. Partridge, S.D. Pletcher, and W. Mair Dietary restriction, mortality trajectories, risk and damage Mech. Ageing Dev. 126 2005 35 41
113. L. Partridge, D. Gems, and D.J. Withers Sex and death: what is the connection? Cell 120 2005 461 472
114. R. Pearl The Rate of Living 1928 Knopf New York
115. S.D. Pletcher, A.A. Khazaeli, and J.W. Curtsinger Why do life spans differ? Partitioning mean longevity differences in terms of age-specific mortality parameters J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 55 2000 B381 B389
116. S.D. Pletcher, S.J. Macdonald, R. Marguerie, U. Certa, S.C. Stearns, D.B. Goldstein, and L. Partridge Genome-wide transcript profiles in aging and calorically restricted Drosophila melanogaster Curr. Biol. 12 2002 712 723
117. C.J. Potter, H. Huang, and T. Xu Drosophila Tscl functions with Tsc2 to antagonize insulin signaling in regulating cell growth, cell proliferation, and organ size Cell 105 2001 357 368
118. D.N. Reznick Costs of reproduction: an evaluation of the empricial evidence Oikos 44 1985 257 267
119. J.P. Richie Jr., Y. Leutzinger, S. Parthasarathy, V. Malloy, N. Orentreich, and J.A. Zimmerman Methionine restriction increases blood glutathione and longevity in F344 rats FASEB J. 8 1994 1302 1307
120. B. Rogina, and S.L. Helfand Sir2 mediates longevity in the fly through a pathway related to calorie restriction Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 2004 15998 16003
121. B. Rogina, S.L. Helfand, and S. Frankel Longevity regulation by Drosophila Rpd3 deacetylase and caloric restriction Science 298 2002 1745
122. B. Rogina, R.A. Reenan, S.P. Nilsen, and S.L. Helfand Extended life-span conferred by cotransporter gene mutations in Drosophila Science 290 2000 2137 2140
123. G.A. Sacher Life table modification and life prolongation C.E. Finch L. Hayflick Handbook of the Biology of Aging 1977 Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. New York 582 638
124. T. Schmelzle, and M.N. Hall TOR, a central controller of cell growth Cell 103 2000 253 262
125. D.P. Shanley, and T.B. Kirkwood Calorie restriction and aging: a life-history analysis Evol. Int. J. Org. Evol. 54 2000 740 750
126. Sinclair, D., 2005. Towards a unified theory of caloric restriction and longevity regulation. Mech. Ageing Dev., in press, doi:10.1016/j.mad.2005.03. 019.
127. R.S. Sohal, H.H. Ku, S. Agarwal, M.J. Forster, and H. Lai Oxidative damage, mitochondrial oxidant generation and antioxidant defenses during aging and in response to food restriction in the mouse Mech. Ageing Dev. 74 1994 121 133
128. R.S. Sohal, and R. Weindruch Oxidative stress, caloric restriction, and aging Science 273 1996 59 63
129. E.R. Stadtman Importance of individuality in oxidative stress and aging Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33 2002 597 604
130. R.D. Stevenson Body size and limits to daily range of body temperature in terrestrial ectotherms Am. Nat. 125 1985 102 117
131. N. Tapon, N. Ito, B.J. Dickson, J.E. Treisman, and I.K. Hariharan The Drosophila tuberous sclerosis complex gene homologs restrict cell growth and cell proliferation Cell 105 2001 345 355
132. M. Tatar, A. Kopelman, D. Epstein, M.P. Tu, C.M. Yin, and R.S. Garofalo A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function Science 292 2001 107 110
133. G. Thomas, and M.N. Hall TOR signalling and control of cell growth Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9 1997 782 787
134. S.R. Thorpe, and J.W. Baynes Maillard reaction products in tissue proteins: new products and new perspectives Amino Acids 25 2003 275 281
135. H.A. Tissenbaum, and L. Guarente Increased dosage of a sir-2 gene extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans Nature 410 2001 227 230
136. S. Trevitt, K. Fowler, and L. Partridge An effect of egg deposition on the subsequent fertility and remating frequency of female Drosophila melanogaster J. Insect Physiol. 34 1988 821 828
137. T. Tsuchiya, J.M. Dhahbi, X. Cui, P.L. Mote, A. Bartke, and S.R. Spindler Additive regulation of hepatic gene expression by dwarfism and caloric restriction Physiol. Genom. 17 2004 307 315
138. M.P. Tu, and M. Tatar Juvenile diet restriction and the aging and reproduction of adult Drosophila melanogaster Aging Cell 2 2003 327 333
139. A. van der Horst, L.G. Tertoolen, L.M. de Vries-Smits, R.A. Frye, R.H. Medema, and B.M. Burgering FOXO4 is acetylated upon peroxide stress and deacetylated by the longevity protein hSir2(SIRTl) J. Biol. Chem. 279 2004 28873 28879
140. J. Van Herrewege Nutritional requirements of adult Drosophila melanogaster: the influence of the casein concentration on the duration of life Exp. Gerontol. 9 1974 191 198
141. J.R. Vanfleteren, and B.P. Braeckman Mechanisms of life span determination in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurobiol. Aging 20 1999 487 502
142. T. Vellai, K. Takacs-Vellai, Y. Zhang, A.L. Kovacs, L. Orosz, and F. Muller Genetics: influence of TOR kinase on lifespan in C. elegans Nature 426 2003 620
143. Walker, G., Houthoofd, K., Vanfleteren, J.R., Gems, D., 2005. Dietary restriction in C. elegans: from rate-of-living effects to nutrient sensing pathways. Mech. Ageing Dev., in press, doi:10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.014.
144. R. Weindruch, and R.L. Walford The Retardation of Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction 1988 Thomas Springfield, Illinois
145. S. Wigby, and T. Chapman Sex peptide causes mating costs in female Drosophila melanogaster Curr. Biol. 2005 316 321
146. G.C. Williams Natural selection, the costs of reproduction, and a refinement of Lack's principle Am. Nat. 100 1966 687 690
147. J.R. Wilmoth Demography of longevity: past, present, and future trends Exp. Gerontol. 35 2000 1111 1129
148. J.G. Wood, B. Rogina, S. Lavu, K. Howitz, S.L. Helfand, M. Tatar, and D. Sinclair Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans Nature 430 2004 686 689
149. L.D. Youngman, J.Y. Park, and B.N. Ames Protein oxidation associated with aging is reduced by dietary restriction of protein or calories Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 1992 9112 9116
150. B.P. Yu, and H.Y. Chung Stress resistance by caloric restriction for longevity Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 928 2001 39 47
151. J.A. Zimmerman, V. Malloy, R. Krajcik, and N. Orentreich Nutritional control of aging Exp. Gerontol. 38 2003 47 52
152. B.J. Zwaan, R. Bijlsma, and R.F. Hoekstra On the developmental theory of ageing. I. Starvation resistance and longevity in Drosophila melanogaster in relation to pre-adult breeding conditions Heredity 66 1991 29 39