Sex and death: What is the connection?

Cell

Volumn 120, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 461-472

  Partridge, Linda ^a   Gems, David ^a   Withers, Dominic J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECDYSTERONE; INSULIN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PROTEIN; PROTEIN DAF 2; SOMATOMEDIN; STEROID HORMONE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXO; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AGING; CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; CAUSE OF DEATH; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIET RESTRICTION; DROSOPHILA; FEMALE STERILITY; FERTILITY; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC CODE; GERM LINE; HORMONE ACTION; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; LIFESPAN; LONGEVITY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; REVIEW; RNA INTERFERENCE; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL MATURATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS;

EID: 13944282128     PISSN: 00928674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.026     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. S.M. Abbas, and A.H. Basalamah Effects of Ramadhan fast on male fertility Arch. Androl. 16 1986 161 166
2. D. Accili, J. Drago, E.J. Lee, M.D. Johnson, M.H. Cool, P. Salvatore, L.D. Asico, P.A. Jose, S.I. Taylor, and H. Westphal Early neonatal death in mice homozygous for a null allele of the insulin receptor gene Nat. Genet. 12 1996 106 109
3. A. Antebi, W.H. Yeh, D. Tait, E.M. Hedgecock, and D.L. Riddle daf-12 encodes a nuclear receptor that regulates the dauer diapause and developmental age in C. elegans Genes Dev. 14 2000 1512 1527
4. E. Araki, M.A. Lipes, M.E. Patti, J.C. Bruning, B. Haag 3rd, R.S. Johnson, and C.R. Kahn Alternative pathway of insulin signalling in mice with targeted disruption of the IRS-1 gene Nature 372 1994 186 190
5. N. Arantes-Oliveira, J. Apfeld, A. Dillin, and C. Kenyon Regulation of life-span by germ-line stem cells in Caenorhabditis elegans Science 295 2002 502 505
6. S.N. Austad, and D.M. Kristan Are mice calorically restricted in nature? Aging Cell 2 2003 201 207
7. J. Baker, J.P. Liu, E.J. Robertson, and A. Efstratiadis Role of insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and postnatal growth Cell 75 1993 73 82
8. L.J. Barger, R.L. Walford, and R. Weindruch The retardation of aging by caloric restriction: its significance in the transgenic era Exp. Gerontol. 38 2003 1343 1351
9. A.I. Barnes, and L. Partridge Costing reproduction Anim. Behav. 66 2003 199 204
10. A. Bartke, and H. Brown-Borg Life extension in the dwarf mouse Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 63 2004 189 225
11. M. Bluher, B.B. Kahn, and C.R. Kahn Extended longevity in mice lacking the insulin receptor in adipose tissue Science 299 2003 572 574
12. R. Bohni, J. Riesgo-Escovar, S. Oldham, W. Broglio, H. Stocker, B.F. Andruss, K. Beckingham, and E. Hafen Autonomous control of cell and organ size by CHICO, a Drosophila homologue of vertebrate IRS1-4 Cell 97 1999 865 875
13. S. Boutin Food supplementation experiments with terrestial vertebrates: patters, problems and the future Can. J. Zool. 68 1990 203 220
14. S.J. Broughton, M.D.W. Piper, T. Ikeya, T.M. Bass, J. Jacobson, Y. Driege, P. Martinez, E. Hafen, D.J. Withers, S.J. Leevers, and L. Partridge Longer lifespan, altered metabolism and stress resistance in Drosophila from ablation of cells making insulin-like ligands Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 2005 3105 3110
15. H.M. Brown-Borg, K.E. Borg, C.J. Meliska, and A. Bartke Dwarf mice and the ageing process Nature 384 1996 33
16. J.C. Bruning, D. Gautam, D.J. Burks, J. Gillette, M. Schubert, P.C. Orban, R. Klein, W. Krone, D. Muller-Wieland, and C.R. Kahn Role of brain insulin receptor in control of body weight and reproduction Science 289 2000 2122 2125
17. D.J. Burks, J.F. de Mora, M. Schubert, D.J. Withers, M.G. Myers, H.H. Towery, S.L. Altamuro, C.L. Flint, and M.F. White IRS-2 pathways integrate female reproduction and energy homeostasis Nature 407 2000 377 382
18. S.L. Cargill, J.R. Carey, H.G. Muller, and G. Anderson Age of ovary determines remaining life expectancy in old ovariectomized mice Aging Cell 2 2003 185 190
19. V. Chandrashekar, and A. Bartke The role of insulin-like growth factor-I in neuroendocrine function and the consequent effects on sexual maturation: inferences from animal models Reprod. Biol. 3 2003 7 28
20. T. Chapman, and L. Partridge Female fitness in Drosophila melanogaster: an interaction between the effect of nutrition and of encounter rate with males Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 263 1996 755 759
21. T. Chapman, S. Trevitt, and L. Partridge Remating and male-derived nutrients in Drosophila melanogaster J. Evol. Biol. 7 1994 51 69
22. A.K. Chippindale, A. Leroi, S.B. Kim, and M.R. Rose Phenotypic plasticity and selection in Drosophila life history evolution. 1. Nutrition and the cost of reproduction J. Evol. Biol. 6 1993 171 193
23. D.J. Clancy, D. Gems, L.G. Harshman, S. Oldham, H. Stocker, E. Hafen, S.J. Leevers, and L. Partridge Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein Science 292 2001 104 106
24. K.T. Coschigano, D. Clemmons, L.L. Bellush, and J.J. Kopchick Assessment of growth parameters and life span of GHR/BP gene-disrupted mice Endocrinology 141 2000 2608 2613
25. G. de Jong Covariance between traits deriving from successive allocations of a resource Funct. Ecol. 7 1993 75 83
26. G. de Jong, and A.J. van Noordwijk Acquisition and allocation of resources: genetic (co)variances, selection and life histories Amer. Natur. 139 1992 749 770
27. A. Dillin, D.K. Crawford, and C. Kenyon Timing requirements for insulin/IGF-1 signaling in C. elegans Science 298 2002 830 834
28. D. Drummond-Barbosa, and A.C. Spradling Stem cells and their progeny respond to nutritional changes during Drosophila oogenesis Dev. Biol. 231 2001 265 278
29. B. Duvillie, C. Currie, T. Chrones, D. Bucchini, J. Jami, R.L. Joshi, and D.J. Hill Increased islet cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and greater vascularization leading to beta-cell hyperplasia in mutant mice lacking insulin Endocrinology 143 2002 1530 1537
30. E.M. Eicher, and W.G. Beamer New mouse dw allele: genetic location and effects on lifespan and growth hormone levels J. Hered. 71 1980 187 190
31. P.T. Ellison Energetics and reproductive effort Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15 2003 342 351
32. P.T. Ellison, C. Panter-Brick, S.F. Lipson, and M.T. O'Rourke The ecological context of human ovarian function Hum. Reprod. 8 1993 2248 2258
33. V.R. Fantin, Q. Wang, G.E. Lienhard, and S.R. Keller Mice lacking insulin receptor substrate 4 exhibit mild defects in growth, reproduction, and glucose homeostasis Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 278 2000 E127 E133
34. K. Flurkey, J. Papaconstantinou, R.A. Miller, and D.E. Harrison Lifespan extension and delayed immune and collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone production Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 2001 6736 6741
35. K. Flurkey, J. Papaconstantinou, and D.E. Harrison The Snell dwarf mutation Pit1(dw) can increase life span in mice Mech. Ageing Dev. 123 2002 121 130
36. L. Fontana, T.E. Meyer, S. Klein, and J.O. Holloszy Long-term calorie restriction is highly effective in reducing the risk for atherosclerosis in humans Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 2004 6659 6663
37. D.B. Friedman, and T.E. Johnson A mutation in the age-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans lengthens life and reduces hermaphrodite fertility Genetics 118 1988 75 86
38. D. Gems, A.J. Sutton, M.L. Sundermeyer, P.S. Albert, K.V. King, M.L. Edgley, P.L. Larsen, and D.L. Riddle Two pleiotropic classes of daf-2 mutation affect larval arrest, adult behavior, reproduction and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans Genetics 150 1998 129 155
39. M.E. Giannakou, M. Goss, M.A. Junger, E. Hafen, S.J. Leevers, and L. Partridge Long-lived Drosophila with overexpressed dFOXO in adult fat body Science 305 2004 361
40. R. Graf, S. Neuenschwander, M.R. Brown, and U. Ackermann Insulin-mediated secretion of ecdysteroids from mosquito ovaries and molecular cloning of the insulin receptor homologue from ovaries of bloodfed Aedes aegypti Insect Mol. Biol. 6 1997 151 163
41. J.B. Hamilton, and G.E. Mestler Mortality and survival: comparison of eunuchs with intact men and women in a mentally retarded population J. Gerontol. 24 1969 395 411
42. M. Hertweck, C. Gobel, and R. Baumeister C. elegans SGK-1 is the critical component in the Akt/PKB kinase complex to control stress response and life span Dev. Cell 6 2004 577 588
43. J. Hodgkin, and T.M. Barnes More is not better: brood size and population growth in a self-fertilizing nematode Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 246 1991 19 24
44. A.M. Holehan, and B.J. Merry The control of puberty in the dietary restricted female rat Mech. Ageing Dev. 32 1985 179 191
45. A.M. Holehan, and B.J. Merry Lifetime breeding studies in fully fed and dietary restricted female CFY Sprague-Dawley rats. 1. Effect of age, housing conditions and diet on fecundity Mech. Ageing Dev. 33 1985 19 28
46. D.J. Holmes, R. Fluckiger, and S.N. Austad Comparative biology of aging in birds: an update Exp. Gerontol. 36 2001 869 883
47. M. Holzenberger, J. Dupont, B. Ducos, P. Leneuve, A. Geloen, P.C. Even, P. Cervera, and Y. Le Bouc IGF-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice Nature 421 2003 182 187
48. K. Houthoofd, B.P. Braeckman, I. Lenaerts, K. Brys, A. De Vreese, S. Van Eygen, and J.R. Vanfleteren Axenic growth up-regulates mass-specific metabolic rate, stress resistance, and extends life span in Caenorhabditis elegans Exp. Gerontol. 37 2002 1371 1378
49. K. Houthoofd, B.P. Braeckman, I. Lenaerts, K. Brys, A. De Vreese, S. Van Eygen, and J.R. Vanfleteren No reduction of metabolic rate in food restricted Caenorhabditis elegans Exp. Gerontol. 37 2002 1359 1369
50. K. Houthoofd, B.P. Braeckman, T.E. Johnson, and J.R. Vanfleteren Life extension via dietary restriction is independent of the Ins/IGF-1 signalling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans Exp. Gerontol. 38 2003 947 954
51. H. Hsin, and C. Kenyon Signals from the reproductive system regulate the lifespan of C. elegans Nature 399 1999 362 366
52. D.S. Hwangbo, B. Gersham, M.P. Tu, M. Palmer, and M. Tatar Drosophila dFOXO controls lifespan and regulates insulin signalling in brain and fat body Nature 429 2004 562 566
53. N.L. Jenkins, G. McColl, and G.J. Lithgow Fitness cost of extended lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 271 2004 2523 2526
54. J.C. Jiang, E. Jaruga, M.V. Repnevskaya, and S.M. Jazwinski An intervention resembling caloric restriction prolongs life span and retards aging in yeast FASEB J. 14 2000 2135 2137
55. J.C. Jiang, J. Wawryn, H.M. Shantha Kumara, and S.M. Jazwinski Distinct roles of processes modulated by histone deacetylases Rpd3p, Hda1p, and Sir2p in life extension by caloric restriction in yeast Exp. Gerontol. 37 2002 1023 1030
56. T.E. Johnson, D.B. Freidman, N. Foltz, P.A. Fitzpatrick, and J.E. Shoemaker Genetic variants and mutations of Caenorhabditis elegans provide tools for dissecting the aging process D.E. Harrison Genetic Effects of Aging, Volume II. 1990 Telford Caldwell, New Jersey 101 126
57. T.E. Johnson, P.M. Tedesco, and G.J. Lithgow Comparing mutants, selective breeding, and transgenics in the dissection of aging processes of Caenorhabditis elegans Genetica 91 1993 65 77
58. M. Kaeberlein, K.T. Kirkland, S. Fields, and B.K. Kennedy Sir2-independent life span extension by calorie restriction in yeast PLoS Biol. 2 2004 E296 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020296
59. C. Kenyon A conserved regulatory system for aging Cell 105 2001 165 168
60. C. Kenyon, J. Chang, E. Gensch, A. Rudner, and R. Tabtiang A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type Nature 366 1993 461 464
61. K.D. Kimura, H.A. Tissenbaum, Y. Liu, and G. Ruvkun daf-2, an insulin receptor-like gene that regulates longevity and diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans Science 277 1997 942 946
62. T.B. Kirkwood, and R. Holliday The evolution of ageing and longevity Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 205 1979 531 546
63. M.R. Klass Aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: major biological and environmental factors influencing life span Mech. Ageing Dev. 6 1977 413 429
64. M.R. Klass A method for the isolation of longevity mutants in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and initial results Mech. Ageing Dev. 22 1983 279 286
65. B. Lakowski, and S. Hekimi The genetics of caloric restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 1998 13091 13096
66. M.A. Lane, J.A. Mattison, G.S. Roth, L.J. Brant, and D.K. Ingram Effects of long-term diet restriction on aging and longevity in primates remain uncertain J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 59 2004 405 407
67. R. Law Optimal life histories under age-specific predation Amer. Natur. 113 1979 3 16
68. H. Liang, E.J. Masoro, J.F. Nelson, R. Strong, C.A. McMahan, and A. Richardson Genetic mouse models of extended lifespan Exp. Gerontol. 38 2003 1353 1364
69. N. Libina, J.R. Berman, and C. Kenyon Tissue-specific activities of C. elegans DAF-16 in the regulation of lifespan Cell 115 2003 489 502
70. S.J. Lin, P.A. Defossez, and L. Guarente Requirement of NAD and SIR2 for life-span extension by calorie restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Science 289 2000 2126 2128
71. C. Linnen, M. Tatar, and D.E. Promislow Cultural artifacts: a comparison of senescence in natural, laboratory-adapted and artificially selected lines of Drosophila melanogaster Evol. Ecol. Res. 3 2001 877 888
72. J.P. Liu, J. Baker, A.S. Perkins, E.J. Robertson, and A. Efstratiadis Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r) Cell 75 1993 59 72
73. P.G. Lunn, S. Austin, A.M. Prentice, and R.G. Whitehead The effect of improved nutrition on plasma prolactin concentrations and postpartum infertility in lactating Gambian women Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 39 1984 227 235
74. W. Mair, P. Goymer, S.D. Pletcher, and L. Partridge Demography of dietary restriction and death in Drosophila Science 301 2003 1731 1733
75. W. Mair, C.M. Sgro, A.P. Johnson, T. Chapman, and L. Partridge Lifespan extension by dietary restriction in female Drosophila melanogaster is not caused by a reduction in vitellogenesis or ovarian activity Exp. Gerontol. 39 2004 1011 1019
76. J.H. Marden, B. Rogina, K.L. Montooth, and S.L. Helfand Conditional tradeoffs between aging and organismal performance of Indy long-lived mutant flies Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 2003 3369 3373
77. J.A. Mattison, M.A. Lane, G.S. Roth, and D.K. Ingram Calorie restriction in rhesus monkeys Exp. Gerontol. 38 2003 35 46
78. D. McCulloch, and D. Gems Evolution of male longevity bias in nematodes Aging Cell 2 2003 165 173
79. B.J. Merry, and A.M. Holehan Onset of puberty and duration of fertility in rats fed a restricted diet J. Reprod. Fertil. 57 1979 253 259
80. B.J. Merry, and A.M. Holehan Serum profiles of LH, FSH, testosterone and 5 alpha-DHT from 21 to 1000 days of age in ad libitum fed and dietary restricted rats Exp. Gerontol. 16 1981 431 444
81. E. Migliaccio, M. Giorgio, S. Mele, G. Pelicci, P. Reboldi, P.P. Pandolfi, L. Lanfrancone, and P.G. Pelicci The p66shc adaptor protein controls oxidative stress response and life span in mammals Nature 402 1999 309 313
82. R.A. Miller, J.M. Harper, R.C. Dysko, S.J. Durkee, and S.N. Austad Longer life spans and delayed maturation in wild-derived mice Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 227 2002 500 508
83. E. Nieschlag, S. Nieschlag, and H.M. Behre Lifespan and testosterone Nature 366 1993 215
84. W.C. Orr, and R.S. Sohal Does overexpression of Cu,Zn-SOD extend life span in Drosophila melanogaster? Exp. Gerontol. 38 2003 227 230
85. L. Partridge, and D. Gems Mechanisms of ageing: public or private? Nat. Rev. Genet. 3 2002 165 175
86. L. Partridge, A. Green, and K. Fowler Effects of egg-production and of exposure to males on female survival in Drosophila melanogaster J. Insect Physiol. 33 1987 745 749
87. Partridge, L., Esteves, T.C., Riyahi, K., Magwere, T., Miwa, S., Brand, M.D., Piper, M.D.W., and Mair, W. (2005). Dietary restriction in Drosophila. Mech. Ageing Dev., in press.
88. A.R. Read, and P.H. Harvey Life history differences among the eutherian radiations J. Zool. 219 1989 329 353
89. D. Reznick, L. Nunney, and A. Tessier Big houses, big cars, superfleas and the costs of reproduction Trends Ecol. Evol. 15 2000 421 425
90. 1 insulin signaling mutation is autonomous to the ovary. J. Insect Physiol., in press.
91. S.B. Roberts, A.A. Paul, T.J. Cole, and R.G. Whitehead Seasonal changes in activity, birth weight and lactational performance in rural Gambian women Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76 1982 668 678
92. S.B. Roberts, X. Pi-Sunyer, L. Kuller, M.A. Lane, P. Ellison, J.C. Prior, and S. Shapses Physiologic effects of lowering caloric intake in nonhuman primates and nonobese humans J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 56 2001 66 75
93. B. Rogina, and S.L. Helfand Sir2 mediates longevity in the fly through a pathway related to calorie restriction Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 2004 15998 16003
94. B. Rogina, R.A. Reenan, S.P. Nilsen, and S.L. Helfand Extended life-span conferred by cotransporter gene mutations in Drosophila Science 290 2000 2137 2140
95. G.S. Roth, J.A. Mattison, M.A. Ottinger, M.E. Chachich, M.A. Lane, and D.K. Ingram Aging in rhesus monkeys: relevance to human health interventions Science 305 2004 1423 1426
96. M. Schubert, D. Gautam, D. Surjo, K. Ueki, S. Baudler, D. Schubert, T. Kondo, J. Alber, N. Galldiks, and E. Kustermann Role for neuronal insulin resistance in neurodegenerative diseases Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 2004 3100 3105
97. C.M. Sgrò, and L. Partridge Evolutionary responses of the life history of wild-caught Drosophila melanogaster to two standard methods of laboratory culture Amer. Natur. 156 2000 341 353
98. D.P. Shanley, and T.B. Kirkwood Calorie restriction and aging: a life-history analysis Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 54 2000 740 750
99. A.F. Simon, C. Shih, A. Mack, and S. Benzer Steroid control of longevity in Drosophila melanogaster Science 299 2003 1407 1410
100. M. Takeshita, T. Asahi, M. Tamano, M. Suma, N. Ichiryu, F. Fujinami, and Y. Akazawa Introduction of retired breeder F344/DuCrj rats for aging research Exp. Anim. 45 1996 205 208
101. M. Tatar, A. Kopelman, D. Epstein, M.P. Tu, C.M. Yin, and R.S. Garofalo A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function Science 292 2001 107 110
102. M. Tatar, A. Bartke, and A. Antebi The endocrine regulation of aging by insulin-like signals Science 299 2003 1346 1351
103. H.A. Tissenbaum, and G. Ruvkun An insulin-like signaling pathway affects both longevity and reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans Genetics 148 1998 703 717
104. M.P. Tu, and M. Tatar Juvenile diet restriction and the aging and reproduction of adult Drosophila melanogaster Aging Cell 2 2003 327 333
105. M.P. Tu, C.M. Yin, and M. Tatar Impaired ovarian ecdysone synthesis of Drosophila melanogaster insulin receptor mutants Aging Cell 1 2002 158 160
106. A.J. van Noordwijk, and G. de Jong Acquisition and allocation of resources: their influence on variation in life history tactics Amer. Natur. 128 1986 137 142
107. J.R. Vanfleteren, and B.P. Braeckman Mechanisms of life span determination in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurobiol. Aging 20 1999 487 502
108. M. Vergara, M. Smith-Wheelock, J.M. Harper, R. Sigler, and R.A. Miller Hormone-treated Snell dwarf mice regain fertility but remain long-lived and disease resistant J. Gerontol. Biol. Sci. 59 2004 1244 1250
109. D.W. Walker, G. McColl, N.L. Jenkins, J. Harris, and G.J. Lithgow Evolution of lifespan in C. elegans Nature 405 2000 296 297
110. Walker, G., Houthoofd, K., Vanfleteren, J.R., and Gems, D. (2005). Dietary restriction in C. elegans: From rate-of-living effects to nutrient sensing pathways. Mech. Ageing Dev., in press.
111. R. Weindruch, and R.L. Walford The Retardation of Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction 1988 Thomas Springfield, Illinois
112. G.C. Williams Natural selection, the costs of reproduction, and a refinement of Lack's principle Amer. Natur. 100 1966 687 690
113. D.J. Withers, J.S. Gutierrez, H. Towery, D.J. Burks, J.M. Ren, S. Previs, Y. Zhang, D. Bernal, S. Pons, and G.I. Shulman Disruption of IRS-2 causes type 2 diabetes in mice Nature 391 1998 900 904
114. C.A. Wolkow, K.D. Kimura, M.S. Lee, and G. Ruvkun Regulation of C. elegans life-span by insulinlike signaling in the nervous system Science 290 2000 147 150
115. J.G. Wood, B. Rogina, S. Lavu, K. Howitz, S.L. Helfand, M. Tatar, and D. Sinclair Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans Nature 430 2004 686 689
116. C.M. Worthman, C.L. Jenkins, J.F. Stallings, and D. Lai Attenuation of nursing-related ovarian suppression and high fertility in well-nourished, intensively breast-feeding Amele women of lowland Papua New Guinea J. Biosoc. Sci. 25 1993 425 443
117. H. Ylonen, J. Jacob, M.J. Runcie, and G.R. Singleton Is reproduction of the Australian house mouse (Mus domesticus) constrained by food? A large-scale field experiment Oecologia 135 2003 372 377
118. D. Zaczek, J. Hammond, L. Suen, S. Wandji, D. Service, A. Bartke, V. Chandrashekar, K. Coschigano, and J. Kopchick Impact of growth hormone resistance on female reproductive function: new insights from growth hormone receptor knockout mice Biol. Reprod. 67 2002 1115 1124
119. M.J. Zamiri Effects of reduced food intake on reproduction in mice Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 31 1978 629 639