Mitotic mechanics: The auroras come into view

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 672-683

  Andrews, Paul D ^a   Knatko, Elena ^a   Moore, William J ^a   Swedlow, Jason R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AURORA A KINASE; AURORA B KINASE; AURORA KINASE; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; KINESIN; KINESIN LIKE PROTEIN; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE; PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CARCINOGENESIS; CELL CYCLE; CELL DIVISION; CENTROSOME; CHROMATIN; CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; CYTOKINESIS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HUMAN; MICROTUBULE; MITOSIS; MITOSIS SPINDLE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SISTER CHROMATID;

EID: 0344845010     PISSN: 09550674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2003.10.013     Document Type: Review

References (91)

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47. ••], this largely phenocopies Aurora B RNAi. In a complex series of cell-cycle experiments, the authors show that Aurora B function is required around the time kinetochores are attaching to microtubules. Indeed the most significant result with regard to Aurora B's proposed function in mictotubule - kinetochore error correction comes from live-cell imaging of Hesperadin-treated PtK1 cells, which are seen to fail to correct mono-oriented chromosome attachments. Significantly, Hesperadin is shown in fixed cells to increase the frequency of syntelic attachments (where both kinetochores are attached to microtubules emanating from the same pole) in prometaphase. Analysis of monopolar chromosomes in monastrol-treated cells leads the authors to conclude that inhibition of Aurora B function may stabilise syntelics. Hesperadin treatment was shown to abrogate the spindle checkpoint induced by taxol and monastrol but not by nocodazole. BubR1 failed to be recruited to kinetochores in cells treated with Hesperadin and nocodazole.
48. •].
49. •]), it is demonstrated that survivin-depleted cells arrest transiently in prometaphase and then exit mitosis without congressing or separating chromosomes. The authors show that survivin-depleted cells prematurely displace Mad2 and BubR1 from kinetochores. Survivin-depleted cells fail to arrest in taxol but arrest normally in nocodazole, implicating survivin in the BubR1-dependent arm of the spindle checkpoint that responds to lack of tension. In addition, the authors report a nice technical advance involving the introduction of RNAi-resistant survivin plasmids to complement cells depleted for survivin by RNAi, opening up myriad possibilities for the engineering of cell lines only expressing mutant forms of proteins.
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65. Murata-Hori M., Fumoto K., Fukuta Y., Iwasaki T., Kikuchi A., Tatsuka M., Hosoya H. Myosin II regulatory light chain as a novel substrate for AIM-1, an aurora/Ipl1p-related kinase from rat. J. Biochem. (Tokyo). 128:2000;903-907.
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68. Zeitlin S.G., Shelby R.D., Sullivan K.F. CENP-A is phosphorylated by Aurora B kinase and plays an unexpected role in completion of cytokinesis. J. Cell. Biol. 155:2001;1147-1157.
69. Murnion M.E., Adams R.A., Callister D.M., Allis C.D., Earnshaw W.C., Swedlow J.R. Chromatin-associated protein phosphatase 1 regulates Aurora B and histone H3 phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 276:2001;26656-26665.
70. Crosio C., Fimia G.M., Loury R., Kimura M., Okano Y., Zhou H., Sen S., Allis C.D., Sassone-Corsi P. Mitotic phosphorylation of histone H3: spatio-temporal regulation by mammalian Aurora kinases. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:2002;874-885.
71. Morrison C., Henzing A.J., Jensen O.N., Osheroff N., Dodson H., Kandels-Lewis S.E., Adams R.R., Earnshaw W.C. Proteomic analysis of human metaphase chromosomes reveals topoisomerase II α as an Aurora B substrate. Nucleic Acids Res. 30:2002;5318-5327.
72. MacCallum D.E., Losada A., Kobayashi R., Hirano T. ISWI remodeling complexes in Xenopus egg extracts: identification as major chromosomal components that are regulated by INCENP-Aurora B. Mol. Biol. Cell. 13:2002;25-39.
73. Swedlow J.R., Hirano T. The making of the mitotic chromosome. Modern insights into classical questions. Mol. Cell. 11:2003;557-569.
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75. Hagstrom K.A., Holmes V.F., Cozzarelli N.R., Meyer B.J. C. elegans condensin promotes mitotic chromosome architecture, centromere organization, and sister chromatid segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Genes Dev. 16:2002;729-742.
76. Lavoie B.D., Hogan E., Koshland D. In vivo dissection of the chromosome condensation machinery: reversibility of condensation distinguishes contributions of condensin and cohesin. J. Cell. Biol. 156:2002;805-815.
77. Losada A., Hirano M., Hirano T. Cohesin release is required for sister chromatid resolution, but not for condensin-mediated compaction, at the onset of mitosis. Genes Dev. 16:2002;3004-3016 This paper describes the effects of depletion of Aurora B and/or Polo from Xenopus extracts. Depletion of both kinases leads to normal condensation and condensin loading but failure in the prophase loss of cohesin and subsequently a failure to resolve sisters.
78. Rogers E., Bishop J.D., Waddle J.A., Schumacher J.M., Lin R. The aurora kinase AIR-2 functions in the release of chromosome cohesion in Caenorhabditis elegans meiosis. J. Cell. Biol. 157:2002;219-229 This study shows that disruption of C. elegans Aurora B/AIR-2 leads to a failure to release of REC-8 cohesin from meiotic chromosomes, resulting in disrupted chromosome segregation. REC-8 is reported to be a substrate of Aurora B. Depletion of GLC7 phosphatases leads to delocalisation of Aurora B, premature release of REC-8 and premature loss of sister cohesion.
79. Tatsuka M., Katayama H., Ota T., Tanaka T., Odashima S., Suzuki F., Terada Y. Multinuclearity and increased ploidy caused by overexpression of the aurora- and Ipl1-like midbody-associated protein mitotic kinase in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 58:1998;4811-4816.
80. Bishop J.D., Schumacher J.M. Phosphorylation of the carboxyl terminus of inner centromere protein (INCENP) by the Aurora B kinase stimulates Aurora B kinase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;27577-27580.
81. Honda R., Korner R., Nigg E.A. Exploring the functional interactions between Aurora B, INCENP, and Survivin in mitosis. Mol. Biol. Cell. 14:2003;3325-3341.
82. Chen J., Jin S., Tahir S.K., Zhang H., Liu X., Sarthy A.V., McGonigal T.P., Liu Z., Rosenberg S.H., Ng S.C. Survivin enhances Aurora-B kinase activity and localizes Aurora-B in human cells. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;486-490.
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84. Parry D.H., Hickson G.R., O'Farrell P.H. Cyclin B destruction triggers changes in kinetochore behavior essential for successful anaphase. Curr. Biol. 13:2003;647-653 This paper describes experiments in Drosophila embryos engineered to express a non-degradable cyclin B. During arrest, sister chromosomes disjoin but display unusual oscillatory behaviour, accumulate merotelic attachments, congress to a pseudo-prometaphase state and reacquire checkpoint proteins on their kinetochores. This was phenocopied using the double-parked mutant, which enters anaphase with unreplicated and therefore unpaired chromosomes. Significantly, Aurora B/INCENP release from centromeres is blocked by expression of non-degradable cyclin B and conversely is lost prematurely in a cyclin B mutant line.
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