Spin-dependent tunnelling in magnetic tunnel junctions

Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2003, Pages

  Tsymbal, Evgeny Y ^a   Mryasov, Oleg N ^b   LeClair, Patrick R ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^b SEAGATE RESEARCH   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE; FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS; INSULATING MATERIALS; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); MAGNETORESISTANCE; NONVOLATILE STORAGE; QUANTUM THEORY; RANDOM ACCESS STORAGE; TUNNEL JUNCTIONS;

MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTIONS; NEXT GENERATION MAGNETIC FIELD SENSORS; SPIN POLARIZATION; SPIN-DEPENDENT TUNNELING; TUNNELING MAGNETORESISTANCE;

ELECTRON TUNNELING;

EID: 0037420011     PISSN: 09538984     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/15/4/201     Document Type: Review

References (182)

1. Julliere M 1975 Phys. Lett. A 54 225
2. Miyazaki T and Tezuka N J 1995 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 139 L231
3. Moodera J S, Kinder L R, Wong T M and Meservey R 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 3273
4. Parkin S S P, Roche K P, Samant M G, Rice P M, Beyers R B, Scheuerlein R E, O'Sullivan E J, Brown S L, Bucchigano J, Abraham D W, Lu Yu, Rooks M, Trouilloud P L, Wanner R A and Gallagher W J 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 85, 5828
5. Tedrow P M, Meservey R and Fulde P 1970 Phys. Rev. Lett. 25 1270
6. Tedrow P M and Meservey R 1971 Phys. Rev. Lett. 26 192
7. Tedrow P M and Meservey R 1973 Phys. Rev. B 7 318
8. Meservey R and Tedrow P M 1994 Phys. Rep. 238 173
9. Stearns M B 1977 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 5 1062
10. Moodera J S, Nassar J and Mathon G 1999 Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 29 381
11. de Teresa J M, Barthelemy A, Fert A, Contour J P, Lyonnet R, Montaigne F, Seneor P and Vaurès A 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4288
12. de Teresa J M, Barthelemy A, Fert A, Contour J P, Lyonnet R, Montaigne F, Seneor P and Vaurès A 1999 Science 286 507
13. LeClair P, Swagten H J M, Kohlhepp J T, van de Veerdonk R J M and de Jonge W J M 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 2933
14. LeClair P, Kohlhepp J T, Swagten H J M and de Jonge W J M 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 1066
15. LeClair P, Hoex B, Wieldraaijer H, Kohlhepp J T, Swagten H J M and de Jonge W J M 2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 100406
16. Levy P M and Zhang S 1999 Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 4 223
17. Monsma D J and Parkin S S P 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 720
18. Soulen R J, Byers J M, Osofsky M S, Nadgorny B, Ambrose T, Cheng S F, Broussard P R, Tanaka C T, Nowak J, Moodera J S, Barry A and Coey J M D 1998 Science 282 85
19. Mazin I I 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 1427
20. Maekawa S and Gäfvert U 1982 IEEE Trans. Magn. 18 707
21. Tsymbal E Y and Pettifor D G 2001 Solid State Physics vol 56, ed H Ehrenreich and F Spaepen (New York: Academic) pp 113-237
22. Slonczewski J C 1989 Phys. Rev. B 39 6995
23. Suezawa Y, Takahashi F and Gondo Y 1992 Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 31 L1415
24. Nowak J and Rauluszkiewicz J 1992 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 109 79
25. Yaoi T, Ishio S and Miyazaki T 1993 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 126 430
26. Plaskett T S, Freitas P P, Barradas N P, da Silva M F and Soares J C 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 76 6104
27. LeClair P, Moodera J S and Meservey R 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 76 6546
28. For a review on exchange biasing see Nogues J and Schuller I K 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 192 203
29. Berkowitz A E and Takano K 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 200, 552
30. Gider S, Runge B U, Marley A C and Parkin S S P 1999 Science 281 797
31. Tehrani S, Engel B, Slaughter J M, Chen E, De Herrera M, Durlam M, Naji P, Whig R, Janesky J and Calder J 2000 IEEE Trans. Magn. 36 2752
32. LeClair P 2002 PhD Thesis Eindhoven University of Technology
33. Moodera J S and Kinder L R 1996 J. Appl. Phys. 79 4724
34. Yuasa S, Sato T, Tamura E, Suzuki Y, Yamamori H, Ando K and Katayama T. 2000 Europhys. Lett. 52 344
35. Boeve H, Girgis E, Schelten J, De Boeck J and Borghs G 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 1048
36. Zhang S, Levy P M, Marley A and Parkin S S P 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 3744
37. Han X-F, Yu A C C, Oogane M, Murai J, Daibou T and Miyazaki T 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 224404
38. Moodera J S, Nowak J and van de Veerdonk R J M 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 2941.
39. Wulfhekel W, Ding H F and Kirschner J 2002 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 242-245 47
40. Zhang J and White R 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 6512
41. Jansen R and Moodera J S 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 8882
42. Jansen R and Moodera J S 2000 Phys. Rev. B 61 9047
43. Jansen R and Moodera J S 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 400
44. LeClair P, Kohlhepp J T, van de Vin C H, Wieldraaijer H, Swagten H J M and de Jonge W J M 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 107201
45. Sharma M, Wang S X and Nicke J H 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 616
46. Shang C H, Nowak J, Jansen R and Moodera J S 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 R2917
47. MacDonald A H, Jungwirth T and Kasner M 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 705
48. Vedyayev A, Bagrets D, Bagrets A and Dieny B 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 064429
49. Tsymbal E Y, Burlakov V M and Oleinik I I 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 073201
50. Han X-F, Yu A C C, Oogane M, Murai J and Daibou T 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 224404
51. Bowen M 2002 private communication
52. Pickett W E and Moodera J S 2001 Phys. Today 5 39
53. de Groot R A, Mueller F M, van Engen P G and Buschow K H 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 2024
54. Ishida S, Fujii S, Kawhiwagi S and Asano S 1995 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 64 2152
55. Schwarz K. 1986, J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 16 L211
56. Alvarado S F, Erbudak M and Munz P 1976 Phys. Rev. B 14 2740
57. Yanase A and Siratori K 1984 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 53 312
58. Okimoto Y, Katsufuji K. Ishikawa T, Urushibara A, Arima T and Tokura Y 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 109
59. Wei J Y T, Yeh N-C and Vasques R P 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 5150
60. Mazin I I 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 3000
61. Park J H, Vescovo E, Kim H J, Kwon C, Ramesh R and Venkatesan T 1998 Nature 392 794
62. Ristoiu D, Nozières J P, Borca C N, Komesu T, Jeong H-K and Dowben P A 2000 Europhys. Lett. 49 624
63. Ji Y, Strijkers G J, Yang F Y, Chien C L, Byers J M. Anguelouch A, Xiao G and Gupta A 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 5585
64. Parker J S, Watts S M, Ivanov P G and Xiong P 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 196601
65. Lu Y, Li X W, Gong G Q, Xiao G, Gupta A, Lecoeur P, Sun J Z, Wang Y Y and Dravid V P 1996 Phys. Rev. B 54 R8357
66. Viret M, Drouet M, Nassar J, Contour J P, Fermon C and Fert A 1997 Europhys. Lett. 39 545
67. Worledge D C and Geballe T H 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 900
68. Sun J Z 2001 Physica C 350 215
69. Jo M-H, Mathur N D, Evetts J E and Blamire M G 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 3803
70. Jo M-H, Mathur N D, Todd N K and Blamire M G 2000 Phys. Rev. B 61 R14905
71. Ziese M 2002 Rep. Prog. Phys. 65 143
72. Yuasa S, Sato T, Tamura E, Suzuki Y, Yamamori H, Ando K and Katayama T 2000 Europhys. Lett. 52 344
73. Callaway J and Wang C S 1977 Phys. Rev. B 16 2095
74. Moodera J S, Gallagher E F, Robinson K and Nowak J 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 3050
75. Sun J J. Soares V and Freitas P P 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 448
76. May U, Samm K, Kittur H, Hauch J, Calarco R, Rüdiger U and Güntherodt G 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 2026
77. Hagler T, Kinder R and Bayreuther G 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 89 7570
78. Seve L. Zhu W, Sinkovic B, Freeland J W, Coulthard I, Antel W J and Parkin S S P 2001 Europhys. Lett. 55 439
79. Buchanan J D R, Hase T P A, Tanner B K, Hughes N D and Hicken R J 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 751
80. Tsymbal E Y and Pettifor D G 1997 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 9 L411
81. Sugiyama M, Hayakawa J, Itou K, Asaho H. Matsui M, Sakuma A and Ichimura M 2001 J. Magn. Soc. Japan 25 795
82. Sun J Z, Roche K P and Parkin S S P 2000 Phys. Rev. B 61 11244
83. Platt C L, Dieny B and Berkowitz A E 1997 J. Appl. Phys. 81 5523
84. Wulfhekel W, Klaua M, Ullmann D, Zavaliche F, Kirschner J, Urban R, Monchesky T and Heinrich B 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 509
85. Klaua M, Ullmann D, Barthel J, Wulfhekel W, Kirschner J, Urban R, Monchesky T L, Enders A, Cochran J F and Heinrich B 2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 134411
86. Bowen M, Cros V, Petroff F, Fert A, Martìnez Boubeta C, Costa-Krämer J L, Anguita J V, Cebollada A, de Teresa J M, Morellòn L, Ibarra M R, Güell F, Peirò F and Cornet A 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 1655
87. Butler W H, Zhang X-G, Schulthess T C and MacLaren J M 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 054416
88. Platt C L, Dieny B and Berkowitz A E 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 2291
89. Gillies M F, Kuiper A E T, van Zon J B A and Strum J M 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 3496
90. Sharma M, Nickel J H, Anthony T C and Wang S X 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 2219
91. Wang J, Cardosa S, Freitas P P, Wei P, Barrada N P and Soares J C 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 89 6868
92. Li Z, de Groot C and Moodera J S 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 3630
93. Wang J, Freitas P P, Snoeck E, Wei P and Soares J C 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 4387
94. Wang J, Freitas P P and Snoeck E 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 4553
95. Wachter P 1979 Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths (Amsterdam: North-Holland) ch 19
96. Mauger A and Godart C 1986 Phys. Rep. 141 51
97. Moodera J S, Hao X, Gibson G A and Meservey R 1988 Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 637
98. Hao X, Moodera J S and Meservey R 1990 Phys. Rev. B 42 8235
99. Esaki L, Stiles P J and von Molnar S 1967 Phys. Rev. Lett. 19 852
100. LeClair P, Ha J K, Swagten H J M, Kohlhepp J T, van de Vin C H and de Jonge W J M 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 625
101. Tedrow P M and Meservey R 1975 Solid State Commun. 16 71
102. Moodera J S, Taylor M E and Meservey R 1989 Phys. Rev. B 40 R11980
103. Parkin S S P 1998 US Patent Specification 5,764,567
104. Sun J J and Freitas P P 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 85 5264
105. Appelbaum J A and Brinkman W F 1969 Phys. Rev. 186 464
106. Appelbaum J A and Brinkman W F 1970 Phys. Rev. 2 907
107. Moodera J S, Kim T H, Tanaka C T and de Groot C H 2000 Phil. Mag. B 80 195
108. Vedyayev A, Ryzhanova N, Lacroix C, Giacomoni L and Dieny B 1997 Europhys. Lett. 39 219
109. Marthon J and Merski A 1999 Phys. Rev. B 60 1117
110. Yuasa S, Nagahama T, and Suzuki Y 2002 Science 297 234
111. Barnaś J and Fert A 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1058
112. Takahashi S and Maekawa S 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1758
113. Majumdar K and Hershfield S 1998 Phys. Rev. 57 11521
114. Imamura H. Takahashi S and Maekawa S 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 6017
115. Brataas A, Nazarov Yu V, Inoue J and Bauer G E W 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 93
116. Schelp L F, Fert A, Fettar F, Holody P, Lee S F, Maurice J L, Petroff F and Vaurès A 1997 Phys. Rev. B 56 R5747
117. Mitani S, Takahashi S, Takanashi K, Yakushiji Y, Maekawa S and Fujimori H 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 2799
118. Zhu T and Wang Y J 1999 Phys. Rev. B 60 11918
119. Yakushiji K, Mitani S, Takanashi K, Takahashi S, Imamura H and Fujimori H 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 515
120. Yakushiji K, Mitani S, Takanashi K and Fujimori H 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 7038
121. Landauer R 1988 IBM J. Res. Dev. 32 306
122. Büttiker M 1988 IBM J. Res. Dev. 32 317
123. MacLaren J M, Zhang X-G and Butler W H 1999 Phys. Rev. B 56 11827
124. Zhang S and Levy P M 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 5660
125. Wilczynski M and Barnaś J 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 88 5230
126. Zhang X D, Li B Z, Sun G and Pu F C 1997 Phys. Rev. B 56 5484
127. Sheng L, Chen Y, Teng H Y and Ting C S 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 480
128. Chshiev M, Stoeffler D, Vedyayev A. and Ounadiela K 2002 Europhys. Lett. 58 257
129. Zhang S and Levy P M 1999 Eur. Phys. J. B 10 599
130. Zhao B, Mönch I, Mühl T, Vinzelberg H and Schneider C M 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 7026
131. Zhao B, Mönch I, Mühl T, Vinzelberg H and Schneider C M 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 7026
132. Itoh H and Inoue J. 2001 Surf. Sci. 493 748
133. Tsymbal E Y, Oleinik I I and Pettifor D G 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 87 5230
134. de Boer P K, de Wijs, G A and de Groot R A 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 15422
135. Oleinik I I, Tsymbal E Y and Pettifor D G 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 020401
136. Oleinik I I, Tsymbal E Y and Pettifor D G 2000 Phys. Rev. B 62 3952
137. MacLaren J M, Zhang X-G, Butler W H and Wang X 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 5470
138. Mavropoulos Ph, Papanikolaou N and Dederichs P H 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 1088
139. Mathon J and Umerski A 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 220403
140. Mathon J 1997 Phys. Rev. B 56 1810
141. Meyerheim H. L. Popescu R, Jedrecy N, Vedpathak M, Sauvage-Simkin M, Pinchaux R, Heinrich B and Kirschmer J 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 144433
142. Gustavsson F, George J M, Etgens V H and Eddrief M 2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 184422
143. Cardosa S, Freitas P P, de Jesus C, Wei P and Soares J C 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 610
144. Sun J J, Shimazawa K, Kasahara N, Sato K, Saruki S, Kagami T, Redon O, Araki S, Morita H and Matsuzaki M 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 2424
145. Schmalhorst J, Bruckl H, Justus M, Thomas A, Reiss G, Vieth M, Gieres G and Wecker J 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 89 586
146. Da Costa V, Tiusan C, Dimopoulos T and Ounadjela K 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 876
147. Da Costa V, Henry Y, Bardou F, Romeo M and Ounadjela K 2000 Eur. Phys. J. B 13 297
148. Bratkovsky A M 1997 Phys. Rev. B 56 2344
149. Bratkovsky A M 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 2334
150. Itoh H, Inoue J, Maekawa S and Bruno P 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 199 545
151. Tsymbal E Y and Pettifor D G 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 432
152. Tsymbal E Y and Pettifor D G 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 199 146
153. Tsymbal E Y and Pettifor D G 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 85 5801
154. Jansen R and Lodder J C 2000 Phys. Rev. B 61 5860
155. Inoue J, Nishimura N and Itoh H 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 104433
156. Levy P M, Wang K S, Dederichs P H, Heide C, Zhang S F and Szunyogh L 2002 Phil. Mag. B 82 763
157. Uiberacker C and Levy P M 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 169904
158. Bagrets D, Bagrets A, Vedyayev A and Dieny B 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 064430
159. Wunnicke O, Papanikolaou N, Zeller R, Dederichs P H, Drchal V and Kudrnovsky J 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 064425
160. Tsymbal E Y 2001 unpublished
161. Tsymbal E Y, Sokolov A, Sabirianov I F and Doudin B 2003 submitted
162. Doudin B, Gilbert S, Redmond G and Ansermet J-Ph 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 933
163. Rippard W H, Perrella A C and Buhrman R A 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 1601
164. Tsymbal E Y and Pettifor D G 2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 212401
165. Parkin S S P, Roche K P, Samant M G, Rice P M, Beyers R B, Scheuerlein R E, O'Sullivan E J, Brown S L, Bucchigano J, Abraham D W, Lu Yu, Rooks M, Trouilloud P L, Wanner R A and Gallagher W J 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 85 5828
166. Heide C, Elliott R J 2000 Europhys. Lett. 50 271
167. Heide C, Elliott R J and Wingreen N S 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 4287
168. Skomski R and Dowben P A 2002 Europhys. Lett. 58 544
169. Kikkawa J M and Awschalom D D 1999 Nature 397 139
170. Fiederling R, Keim M, Reuscher G, Ossau W, Schmidt G, Waag A and Molenkamp L W 1999 Nature 402 787
171. Ohno Y, Young D K, Beschoten B, Matsukura F, Ohno H and Awschalom D D 1999 Nature 402 790
172. Zhu H J, Ramsteiner M, Kostial H, Wassermeier M, Schönherr H-P and Pong K H 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 016601
173. Hanbicki A T, Jonker B T, Itskos G, Kioseoglou G and Petrou A 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 1240
174. Tanaka M and Higo Y 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 026602
175. Hirohata A, Steinmueller S J, Cho W S, Xu Y B, Guertler C M, Wastlbauer G, Bland J A C and Holmes S N 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 035330
176. Garcia N, Munoz M and Zhao Y-W 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2923
177. Bruno P 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 2425
178. Tatara G, Zhao, Y-W, Munoz M and Garcia N 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 2030
179. Chopra H D and Hua S Z 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 R020403
180. Rabson D A, Jönsson-Akerman B J, Romero A H, Escudero R, Leighton C, Kim S and Schuller I K 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 89 2786
181. Munoz M,. Qian G G, Karar N, Cheng H, Saveliev I G, Garcia N, Moffat T P, Chen P J, Gan L and Egelhoff W F 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 2946
182. Filip A T, LeClair P, Smits C J P, Kohlhepp J T, Swagten H J M, Koopmans B and de Jonge W J M 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 1815