Development of biomaterials for gene therapy

Molecular Therapy

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 302-317

  Han, Sang Oh ^a   Mahato, Ram I ^a   Sung, Yong Kiel ^b   Kim, Sung Wan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^b Dongguk University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Biodegradable polymer; Biomaterials; Cytotoxicity; Functional group; Gene expression; Polymers

Indexed keywords

BIOMATERIAL; CATION EXCHANGE RESIN; DRUG CARRIER; POLYMER;

BIOTRANSFORMATION; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG STABILITY; GENE THERAPY; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; GENETICS; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; PLASMID; REVIEW;

BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CATION EXCHANGE RESINS; DRUG CARRIERS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; DRUG STABILITY; GENE THERAPY; HUMANS; PLASMIDS; POLYMERS; TRANSFECTION;

EID: 0034294817     PISSN: 15250016     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2000.0142     Document Type: Review

References (134)

1. Ledley, F. D. (1996). Pharmaceutical approaches to somatic gene therapy. Pharm. Res. 13:1595-1614.
2. Mahato, R. I., Smith, L. C., and Rolland, A. (1999). Pharmaceutical perspectives of nonviral gene therapy. Adv. Genet. 41: 95-156.
3. Mahato, R. I., Takakura, Y., and Hashida, M. (1997). Nonviral vectors for in vivo gene therapy: Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic considerations. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 14: 133-172.
4. Smith, A. E. (1995). Viral vectors in gene therapy. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 49: 807-838.
5. Mahato, R. I., Fons, M. P., and Rolland, A. (1998). Nonviral gene therapy: From bench to clinic. CRS Newslett. 15:9-11.
6. Rolland, A. (1998). From genes to gene medicines: Recent advances in nonviral gene delivery Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 15: 143-198.
7. Tang, M. X., and Szoka, F. C. (1997). The influence of polymer structure on the injections of cationic polymers with DNA and morphology of the resulting complexes. Gene Ther. 4: 823-832.
8. Liu, F., Qi, H., Huang, L., and Liu, D. (1997). Factors controlling the efficiency of cationic lipid-mediated transfection in vivo via intravenous administration. Gene Ther. 4: 517-523.
9. Rakhmilevich, A. L., Timmins, J. G., Janssen, K., Pohlmann, E. L., Sheehy, M. J., and Yang, N. S. (1999). Gene gun-mediated IL-12 gene therapy induces antitumor effects in the absence of toxicity: A direct comparison with systemic IL-12 protein therapy. J. Immunother. 22: 135-144.
10. Felgner, P. L., et al. (1987). Lipofectin: A highly efficient, lipid-mediated DNA transfection procedure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 7413-7417.
11. Schwartz, B., Benoist, C., Abdallah, B., Scherman, D., Behr, J. P., and Demeneix, B. A. (1995). Lipospermine-based gene transfer into the newborn mouse brain is optimized by a low lipospermine/DNA charge ratio. Hum. Gene Ther. 6: 1515-1524.
12. Feigner, J. H., et al. (1994). Enhanced gene delivery and mechanism studies with a novel series of cationic lipid formulations. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 2550-2561.
13. McLachalan, G., Davidson, H., Davidson, D., Dickinson, P., Dorin, J., and Porteous, D. (1994). DOTAP as a vehicle for efficient gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. Biochemistry 11: 19-21.
14. Gao, X. A., and Huang, L. (1991). A novel cationic liposome reagent for efficient transfection of mammalian cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 179: 280-285.
15. Filion, M. C., and Phillips, N. C. (1998). Major limitations in the use of cationic liposomes for DNA delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 162: 159-170.
16. Wu, G. Y., and Wu, C. H. (1998). Receptor-mediated gene delivery and expression in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 14621-14624.
17. Abdallah, B., Hassan, A., Benoist, C., Goula, D., Behr, J. P., and Demeneix, B. A. (1996). A powerful nonviral vector for in vivo gene transfer into the adult mammalian brain: Polyethyleneimine. Hum. Gene Ther. 7: 1947-1954.
18. Qin, L., et al. (1998). Efficient transfer of genes into murine cardiac grafts by Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers. Hum. Gene Ther. 9: 553-560.
19. Wagner, E., Zenke, M., Cotton, M., Beug, H., and Birnstiel, M. L. (1990). Transferrin-polycation conjugates as carriers for DNA uptake into cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 3410-3414.
20. Gottschalk, S., Cristiano, R. J., Smith, L. C., and Woo, S. L. (1994). Folate-receptor-mediated DNA delivery into tumor cells: Protosomal disruption results in enhanced gene expression. Gene Ther. 1: 185-191.
21. Erbacher, P., Remy, J. S., and Behr, J. P. (1999). Gene transfer with synthetic virus-like particles via the integrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Gene Ther. 6:138-145.
22. Dash, P. R., Read, M. L., Barrett, L. B., Wolfert, M. A., and Seymour, L. W. (1999). Factors affecting blood clearance and in vivo distribution of polyelectrolyte complexes for gene delivery. Gene Ther. 6: 643-650.
23. Brazeau, G. A., Attia, S., Poxon, S., and Hughes, J. A. (1998). In vitro myotoxicity of selected cationic macromolecules used in non-viral gene delivery. Pharm. Res. 15: 680-684.
24. Barry, M. E., Pinto-Gonzales, D., Orson, F. M., Mckenzie, G. L., Petry, G. R., and Barry, M. A. (1999). Role of endogenous endonucleases and tissue site in transfection and CpG-mediated immune activation after naked DNA injection. Hum. Gene Ther. 10: 2461-2480.
25. De Smedt, S. C., Demeester, J., and Hennink, W. E. (2000). Cationic polymer based gene delivery systems. Pharm. Res. 17: 113-126.
26. Trubetskoy, V. S., Loomis, A., Hagstrom, J. E., Budker, V. G., and Wolff, J. A. (1999). Layer-by-layer deposition of oppositely charged poly electrolytes on the surface of condensed DNA particles. Nucleic Acids Res. 27: 3090-3095.
27. Gonsho, A., Irie, K., Susaki, H., Iwasawa, H., Okuno, S., and Sugawara, T. (1994). Tissue-targeting ability of saccharide-poly(L-lysine) conjugates. Biol. Pharm. 17: 275-282.
28. Maruyama, A., Watanabe, H., Ferdous, A., Katoh, M., Ishihara, T., and Akaike, T. (1998). Characterization of interpolyelectrolyte complexes between double-strand DNA and polylysine comb-type copolymers having hydrophilic side chains. Bioconj. Chem. 9: 292-299.
29. Ferdous, A., Watanabe, H., Akaike, T., and Maruyama, A. (1998). Comb-type copolymer: Stabilization of triplex DNA and possible application in antigene strategy. J. Pharm. Sci. 87: 1400-1405.
30. Boussif, O., Delair, T., Brua, C., Veron, L., Pavirani, A., and Kolbe, H. V. (1999). Synthesis of polyallylamine derivatives and their use as gene transfer vectors in vitro. Bioconj. Chem. 10: 877-883.
31. Choi, Y. H., Liu, F., Kim, J.-S., Choi, Y. K., Park, J.-S., and Kim, S. W. (1998). Polyethylene glycol-grafted poly-L-lysine as polymeric gene carrier. J. Control. Rel. 54: 39-48.
32. Boussif, O., et al. (1995). A versatile vector for gene and oligonucleotide transfer into cells in culture and in vivo: Polyethyleneimine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 7297-7301.
33. Coll, J.-L., Chollet, P., Brambilla, E., Desplanques, D., Behr, J.-P., and Favort, M. (1999). In vivo delivery to tumors of DNA complexed with linear polyethylenimine. Hum. Gene Ther. 10: 1659-1666.
34. Garnett, M. C. (1999). Gene-delivery systems using cationic polymers. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 16: 147-207.
35. Behr, J.-P., and Demeneix, B. A. (1998). Gene delivery with polycationic amphiphiles and polymers. Curr. Res. Mol. Ther. 1: 5-11.
36. Lemkine, G. F., Goula, D., Becker, N., Paura, L., Levi, G., and Demeneix, B. A. (1999). Optimization of polyethylenimine-based gene delivery to mouse brain. J. Drug Target. 7: 305-312.
37. Ogris, M., Brunner, S., Schueller, S., Kircheis, R., and Wagner, E. (1999). PEGylated DNA/transferrin-PEI complexes: Reduced interaction with blood and potential for systemic gene delivery. Gene Ther. 6: 595-605.
38. Nguyen, H.-K., et al. (2000). Evaluation of polyether-polyetheneimine graft copolymers as gene transfer agents. Gene Ther. 7: 126-138.
39. MacLaughlin, F. C., et al. (1998). Chitosan and depolymerized chitosan oligomers as a condensing carriers for in vivo plasmid delivery. J. Control. Rel. 56: 259-272.
40. Lee, M., Nah, J.-W., Kwon, Y., Koh, J. J., Ko, K. S., and Kim, S. W. (2000). Water soluble and low molecular weight chitosan based plasmid DNA delivery. Pharm. Res., in press.
41. Lee, K. Y., Kwon, I. C., Kim, Y.-H., Jo, W. H., and Jeong, S. Y. (1998). Preparation of chitosan self-aggregates as a gene delivery system. J. Control. Rel. 51: 213-220.
42. Erbacher, P., Zou, S., Bettinger, T., Steffan, A.-M., and Remy, J.-S. (1998). Chitosan-based vector/DNA complexes for gene delivery: Biophysical characteristics and transfection ability. Pharm. Res. 15: 1332-1339.
43. Roy, K., Mao, H.-Q., Huang, S.-K., and Leong, K. W. (1999). Oral delivery with chitosanñDNA nanoparticles generates immunologic protection in murine model of peanut allergy. Nat. Med. 5: 387-391.
44. Haensler, J., and Szoka, F. C., Jr. (1993). Polyamidoamine cascade polymers mediate efficient transfection of cells in culture. Bioconj. Chem. 4: 372-379.
45. Tang, M. X., Redemann, C. T., and Szoka, F. C., Jr. (1996). In vitro gene delivery by degraded polyamidoamine dendrimers. Bioconj. Chem. 7: 703-714.
46. Kukowska-Latallo, J. F., Bielinska, A. U., Johnson, J., Spindler, R., Tomalia, D. A., and Baker, J. B., Jr. (1996). Efficient transfer of genetic materials into mammalian cells using starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 4897-4902.
47. Maruyama-Tabata, H., et al. (2000). Effective suicide gene therapy in vivo by EBV-based plasmid vector coupled with polyamidoamine dendrimer. Gene Ther. 7: 53-60.
48. Zuidam, N. J., Posthuma, G., de Vries, E. T., Crommelin, D. J., Hennink, W. E., and Storm, G. (2000). Effects of physicochemical characteristics of poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-based polyplexes on cellular association and internalization. J. Drug Target. 8: 51-66.
49. Arigita, C., Zuidam, N. J., Crommelin, D. J., and Hennink, W. E (1999). Association and dissociation characteristics of polymer/DNA complexes used for gene delivery. Pharm. Res. 16: 1534-1541.
50. Cherng, J.-Y., van de Watering, P., Talsma, H., Crommelin, D. J., and Hennink, W. E. (1996). Effect of size and serum proteins on transfection efficiency of poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-plasmid nanoparticles. Pharm. Res. 13:1038-1042.
51. Cherng, J.-Y., Talsma, H., Crommelin, D. J., and Hennink, W. E. (1999). Long term stability of poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-based gene delivery systems. Pharm. Res. 16: 1417-1423.
52. Park, J.-S., Lim, Y.-B., Kwon, Y-M., Jeong, B., Choi, Y H., and Kim, S. W. (1999). Liposome fusion induced by pH-sensitive copolymer: Poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-N,N′-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate). Polym. Chem. 37: 2305-2309.
53. Mumper, R. J., and Rolland, A. P. (1998). Plasmid delivery to muscle: Recent advances in polymer delivery systems. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 30: 151-172.
54. Mumper, R. J., Duguid, J. G., Anwer, K., Barron, M. K., Nitta, H., and Rolland, A. P. (1996). Polyvinyl derivatives as novel interactive polymers for controlled gene delivery to muscle. Pharm. Res. 13: 701-709.
55. Mumper, R. J., et al. (1998). Protective interactive noncondensing (PINC) polymers for enhanced plasmid distribution and expression in rat skeletal muscle. J. Control. Rel. 52: 191-203.
56. Bronich, T. K., Nguyen, H.-K., Eisenberg, A., and Kabanov, A. (2000). Recognition of DNA topology in reactions between plasmid DNA and cationic copolymers. Polymer Preprints 41:1006-1007.
57. Astafieva, I., Maksimova, I., Lukanidin, E., Alakhov, V., and Kabanov, A. (1996). Enhancement of the polycation-mediated DNA uptake and cell transfection with Pluronic P 85 block copolymer. FEBS Lett. 389: 278-280.
58. Lim, Y.-B., et al. (2000). Biodegradable polyester, poly[α-(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid], as a non-toxic gene carrier. Pharm. Res. 17: 811-816.
59. Koh, J. J., Ko, K. S., Lee, M., Han, S.-O., Park, J.-S., and Kim, S. W. (2000). Degradable polymeric carrier for the delivery of IL-10 plasmid DNA to prevent autoimmune insulitis of NOD mice. Gene Ther., in press.
60. Maheshwari, A., et al. (2000). Biodegradable polymer-based cytokine gene delivery for cancer treatment. Mol. Ther. 2: 121-130.
61. Lim, Y.-B., Choi, Y. H., and Park, J. S. (1999). A self-destroying polycationic polymers: Biodegradable poly(4-hydroxy-L-proline ester). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121: 5633-5639.
62. Putnam, D., and Langer, R. (1999). Poly(4-hydroxy-L-proline ester): Low-temperature polycondensation and plasmid DNA complexation. Macromolecules 32: 3658-3662.
63. Hsu, Y.-Y., Hao, T., and Hedley, M. L. (1999). Comparison of process parameters for microencapsulation of plasmid DNA in poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres. J. Drug Target. 7: 313-323.
64. Wang, D., Robinson, D. R., Kwon, G. S., and Samuel, J. (1999). Encapsulation of plasmid DNA in biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres as a novel approach for immunogene delivery. J. Control. Rel. 57: 9-18
65. Capan, Y., Woo, B. H., Gebrekidan, S., Ahmed, S., and DeLuca, P. P. (1999). Preparation and characterization of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres for controlled release of poly(L-lysine) complexed plasmid DNA. Pharm. Res. 16: 509-513.
66. Maruyama, A., Ishihara, T., Kim, J.-S., Kim, S. W., and Akaike, T. (1997). Nanoparticle DNA carrier with poly(L-lysine) grafted polysaccharide copolymer and poly(D,L-lactic acid). Bioconj. Chem, 8: 735-742.
67. Gao, X., and Huang, L. (1996). Potentiation of cationic liposome-mediated gene delivery by polycations. Biochemistry 35: 1027-1036.
68. Whitmore, M., Li, S., and Huang, L. (1999). LPD lipopolyplex initiates a potent cytokine response and inhibits tumor growth. Gene Ther. 6: 1867-1875.
69. Zhou, X., and Huang, L. (1994). DNA transfection mediated by cationic liposomes containing lipopolylysine: Characterization and mechanism of action. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1189: 195-203.
70. Kiiv, A., Palvimo, J., and Kimnunen, P. K. (1995). Evidence of ternary complex formation by histone H1, DNA, and liposomes. Biochemistry 34: 8018-8027.
71. Hagstrom, J. E., Sebestyen, M. G., Budker, V., Ludtke, J. J., Fritz, J. D., and Wolff, J. A. (1996). Complexes of non-cationic liposome and histone H1 mediate efficient transfection of DNA without encapsulation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1284: 47-55.
72. Fritz, J. D., Herweijer, H., Zhang, G., and Wolff, J. A. (1996). Gene transfer into mammalian cells using histone-condensed plasmid DNA. Hum. Gene Ther. 7: 1395-1404.
73. Heskins, M., and Guillet, J. E (1968). Solution properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). J. Macromol. Sci. Chem. A2: 1441-1445.
74. Hinrichs, W. L. J., Schuurmans-Nieuwenbroek, N. M. E., van de Wetering, P., and Hennink, W. E. (1999). Thermosensitive polymers as carriers for gene delivery. J. Control. Rel. 60: 249-259.
75. Kurisawa, M., Yokoyama, M.., and Okano, T. (2000).Transfection efficiency increases by incorporating hydrophobic monomer units into polymeric gene carriers. J. Control. Rel. 68: 1-8.
76. Gao, Y. L., Lach, E., Kim, T. H., Rodriguez, A., Arevalo, C. A., and Vacanti, C. A. (1998). Tissue-engineered nipple reconstruction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 102: 2293-2298.
77. Lemieux, P., et al. (2000). A combination of poloxamers increases gene expression of plasmid DNA in skeletal muscle. Gene Ther. 7: 986-991.
78. Bochot, A., Fattal, E., Gulik, A., Couarraze, G., and Couvreur, P. (1998). Liposomes dispersed within a thermosensitive gel: A new dosage form for ocular delivery of oligonucleotides. Pharm. Res. 15: 1364-1369.
79. Jeong, B., Bae, Y-H., and Kim, S. W. (1997). Biodegradable block copolymers as injectable drug delivery systems. Nature 388: 860-861.
80. Jeong, B., Bae, Y. H., and Kim, S. W. (2000). Drug release from biodegradable injectable thermosensitive hydrogel of PEG-PLGA-PEG triblock copolymers. J. Control. Rel. 63: 155-163.
81. Blessing, T., Remy, J.-S., and Behr, J.-P. (1998). Monomolecular collapse of plasmid DNA into stable virus-like particles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 1427-1431.
82. Kataoka, K. (1996). Nanoscopic vehicles with core-shell structure for drug targeting. In Advanced Biomaterials in Biomedical Engineering and Drug Delivery Systems (N. Ogata, S. W. Kim, J. Feijen, and T. Okano, Eds.), pp. 96-100. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo.
83. Kwon, G. S., and Okano, T. (1999). Soluble self-assembly block copolymers for drug delivery. Pharm. Res. 16: 597-600.
84. Kataoka, K. (2000). Tailor-made block copolymer micelles and nanoparticles for drug delivery. In 2000 Prague Meetings on Macromolecules (17-20 July 2000), p. ML3.
85. Pitard, B., et al. (1997). Virus-sized self-assembling lamellar complexes between plasmid DNA and cationic micelles promote gene transfer. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 14412-14417.
86. Mahato, R. I. (1999). Plasmid-based gene therapy: Opportunities and challenges knock at the millennium. J. Drug Target. 7: 241-243.
87. Pouton, C. W., Uduehi, A. N., Milroy, D. A., and Lucas, P. (1998). Cellular interaction and fate of polycationñDNA complexes. In Self-Assembling Complexes for Gene Delivery (A. V. Kabanov, P. L. Felgner, and L. W. Seymour, Eds.), pp. 255ñ273. Wiley, New York.
88. 2 terminus of influenza HA-2. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 6500-6505.
89. Wolfert, M. A., and Seymour, L. W. (1998). Chloroquine and amphipathic peptide helices show synerqistic transfection in vitro. Gene Ther. 5: 409-414.
90. Chan, C. K., and Jans, D. A. (1999). Enhancement of polylysine-mediated transfection by nuclear localization sequences: Polylysine does not function as a nuclear localization sequence. Hum. Gene Ther. 10: 1695-1702.
91. Sebestyen, M. G., et al. (1998). DNA vector chemistry: The covalent attachment of signal peptides to plasmid DNA. Nat. Biotechnol. 16: 80-85.
92. Wagner, E., Cotton, M., Foisner, R., and Birnstiel, M. L. (1991). TransferrinñpolycationñDNA complexes: The effect of polycations on the structure of the complex and DNA delivery to cells. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 4255-4259.
93. Kircheis, R., et al. (1999). Polycation-based DNA complexes for tumor-targeted gene delivery in vivo. J. Gene Med. 1: 111-120.
94. + cells. Gene Ther. 6: 1774-1778.
95. Nishikawa, M., Takamura, S., Yamashita, F., Meijer, D. K., Hashida, M., and Swart, D. J. (2000). Pharmacokinetics and in vivo gene transfer of plasmid DNA complexed with mannosylate poly(L-lysine) in mice. J. Drug Target. 8: 29-38.
96. Diebold, S. S., Lehrmann, H., Kursa, M., Wagner, E., Cotton, M., and Zenke, M. (1999). Efficient gene delivery into human dendritic cells by adenovirus polyethylenimine and mannose polyethylenimine transfection. Hum. Gene Ther. 10: 775-786.
97. Mahato, R. I., Takemura, S., Akamatsu, K., Nishikawa, M., Takakura, Y., and Hashida, M. (1997). Physicochemical and disposition characteristics of antisense oligonucleotides complexed with glycosylated poly(L-lysine). Biochem. Pharmacol. 53: 887-895.
98. Kollen, W. J., et al. (1999).High-efficiency transfer of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator cDNA into cystic fibrosis airway cells in culture using lactosylated polylysine as a vector. Hum. Gene Ther. 10: 615-622.
99. Reddy, J. A., Dean, D., Kennedy, M. D., and Low, P. S. (1999). Optimization of folate-conjugated liposomal vectors for folate receptor-mediated gene therapy. J. Pharm. Sci. 88: 1112-1118.
100. Leamon, C. P., Weigl, D., and Hendren, R. W. (1999). Folate copolymer-mediated transfection of cultured cells. Bioconj. Chem. 10: 947-957.
101. Kim, J.-S., Maruyama, A., Akaike, T., and Kim, S. W. (1998). Terplex DNA delivery system as a gene carrier. Pharm. Res. 15: 116-121.
102. Harbottle, R. P., et al. (1998). An RGD-oligolysine peptide: A prototype construct for integrin-mediated gene delivery. Hum. Gene Ther. 9: 1037-1047.
103. Nishikawa, M., Takemura, S., Takakura, Y., and Hashida, M. (1998). Targeted delivery of plasmid DNA to hepatocytes in vivo: Optimization of the pharmacokinetics of plasmid DNA/galactosylated poly(L-lysine) complexes by controlling their physicochemical properties J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287: 408-415.
104. Ferkol, T., Perales, J., Mularo, F., and Hanson, R. W. (1996). Receptor-mediated gene transfer into macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 101-105.
105. Choi, Y. H., Liu, F., Park, J.-S., and Kim, S. W. (1998). Lactose-poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted poly-L-lysine as hepatoma cell-targeted gene carrier. Bioconj. Chem. 9: 708-718.
106. Choi, Y. H., Liu, F., Choi, J. S., Kim, S. W., and Park, J.-S., (1999).Characterization of a targeted gene carrier, lactose-polyethylene glycol-grafted poly-L-lysine, and its complex with plasmid DNA. Hum. Gene Ther. 10: 2657-2665.
107. Kim, J.-S., Maruyama, A., Akaike, T., and Kim, S. W. (1997). In vitro gene expression on smooth muscle cells using a terplex delivery system. J. Control. Rel. 47: 51-59.
108. Yu, L., Nielsen, M., Han, S.-O., and Kim, S. W. (2000). Terplex DNA gene carrier system targeting to artery wall cells. J. Control. Rel., in press.
109. Benns, J. M., and Kim, S. W. (2000). Tailoring new gene delivery designs for specific targets. J. Drug Target. 8: 1-12.
110. Suh, W., Chung, J.-K., Park, S.-H., and Kim, S. W. (2000). Anti-JL1 antibody conjugated poly(L-lysine) for targeted gene delivery to leukemia T cells. J. Control. Rel., in press.
111. Simões, S., Slepushkin, V., Pires, P., Gaspar, R., Pedroso de Lima, M. C., and Düzgünes, N. (1999). Mechanism of gene transfer mediated by lipoplexes associated with targeting ligands or pH-sensitive peptides. Gene Ther. 6: 1798-1807.
112. Schoen, P., Chonn, A., Cullis, P. R., Wilschut, J., and Scherrer, P. (1999). Gene transfer mediated by fusion protein hemagglutinin reconstituted in cationic lipid vesicles. Gene Ther. 6: 823-832.
113. Mechtler, K., and Wagner, E. (1997). Gene transfer mediated by influenza virus peptides: The role of peptide sequences. N. J. Chem. 21: 105-111.
114. Ishiguro, R., Matsumoto, M., and Takahashi, S. (1996). Interaction of fusogenic synthetic peptide with phospholipid bilayers: Orientation of the peptide α-helix and binding isotherm. Biochemistry 35: 4976-4983.
115. Subbarao, N. K., Parente, R. A., Szoka, F. C., Jr., Nadasdi, L., and Pongracz, K. (1987). PH-dependent bilayer destabilization by an amphipathic peptide. Biochemistry 26: 2964-2972.
116. Parente, R. A., Nir, S., and Szoka, F. C., Jr. (1990). Mechanism of leakage of phospholipid vesicle contents induced by the peptide GALA. Biochemistry 29: 8720-8728.
117. Mahato, R. I. (1999). Non-viral peptide-based approaches to gene delivery. J. Drug Target. 7: 249-268.
118. Wagner, E., Plank, C., Zatloukal, K., Cotton, M., and Bimstiel, M. L. (1992). Influenza virus hemagglutinin HA-2 N-terminal fusogenic peptides augment gene transfer by transferrin-polylysine-DNA complexes: Toward a synthetic virus-like gene transfer vehicle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 7934-7938.
119. Midoux, P., Kichler, A., Boutin, V., Maurizot, J.-C., and Monsigny, M. (1998). Membrane permeabilization and efficient gene transfer by a peptide containing several histidines. Bioconj. Chem. 9: 260-267.
120. Midoux, P., and Monsigny, M. (1999). Efficient gene transfer by histidylated polylysine/pDNA complexes. Bioconj. Chem. 10: 406-411.
121. Benns, J. M., Choi, J.-S., Mahato, R. I., Park, J.-S., and Kim, S. W. (2000). pH-sensitive cationic polymer gene delivery vehicle: N-Ac-poly(L-histidine)-graft-poly(L-lysine) comb-shaped polymer. Bioconj. Chem. 11: 637-645.
122. Ferrari, S., Moro, E., Pettenazzo, A., Behr, J. P., Zacchello, F., and Scarpa, M. (1997). ExGen 500 is an efficient vector for gene delivery to lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Gene Ther. 4: 1100-1106.
123. Murthy, N., Robichaud, J. R., Tirrell, D. A., Stayton, P. S., and Hoffman, A. S. (1999). The design and synthesis of polymers for eukaryotic membrane disruption. J. Control. Rel. 61: 137-143.
124. Pouton, C. W. (1998). Nuclear import of polypeptides, polynucleotides and supramolecular complexes. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 34: 51-64.
125. van Dijk-Wolthuis, W. N., et al. (1999). A versatile methods for the conjugation of proteins and peptides to poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]. Bioconj. Chem. 10: 687-692.
126. Branden, L. J., Mohamed, A. J., and Smith, C. I. (1999). A peptide nucleic acid-nuclear localization signal fusion that mediates nuclear transport of DNA. Nat. Biotechnol. 17: 784-787.
127. Ciolina, C., Byk, G., Blanche, F., Thuillier, V., Scherman, D., and Wils, P. (1999). Coupling of nuclear localization signals to plasmid DNA and specific interaction of the conjugates with importin α. Bioconj. Chem. 10: 49-55.
128. Zanta, M. A., Belguise-Valladier, P., and Behr, J.-P. (1999). Gene delivery: A single nuclear localization signal peptide is sufficient to carry to the cell nucleus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 91-96.
129. Shea, L. D., Smiley, E., Bonadio, J., and Mooney, D. J (1999). DNA delivery from polymer matrices for tissue engineering. Nat. Biotechnol. 17: 551-554.
130. Bonadio, J., Smiley, E., Patil, P., and Goldstein, S. (1999). Localized, direct plasmid gene delivery in vivo: Prolonged therapy results in reproducible tissue regeneration. Nat. Med. 5: 753-759.
131. Ochiya, T., Takahama, Y, Nagahara, S., and Sumita, Y. (1999). New delivery system for plasmid DNA in vivo using atelocollagen as a carrier material: The Minipellet. Nat. Med. 5: 707-710.
132. Remes, A., and Williams, D. F. (1992). Immune response in biocompatibility. Biomaterials 13: 731-743.
133. Plank, C., Mechtler, K., Szoka, F. C., Jr., and Wagner, E. (1996). Activation of the complement system by synthetic DNA complexes: A potential barrier for intravenous gene delivery. Hum. Gene Ther. 7: 1437-1446.
134. Mohammad, S. F., Chuang, H. Y., and Mason, R. G. (1997). Roles of polymer size and ε-amino groups in polylysine-platelet interaction. Thromb. Res. 1: 193-202.