The rise of motivational information systems: A review of gamification research

International Journal of Information Management

Volumn 45, Issue , 2019, Pages 191-210

  Koivisto, Jonna ^a   Hamari, Juho ^a,b  

^a TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

Author keywords

Affordance; Games; Gamification; Literature review; Motivational information system

Indexed keywords

INFORMATION SYSTEMS; INFORMATION USE;

AFFORDANCES; EMPIRICAL STUDIES; GAMES; GAMIFICATION; LITERATURE REVIEWS; RESEARCH MODELS; RESEARCH TRAJECTORIES; THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS;

BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH;

EID: 85058029130     PISSN: 02684012     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.013     Document Type: Review

References (141)

1. Agarwal, R., Karahanna, E., Time flies when you're having fun: Cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage. MIS Quarterly 24:4 (2000), 665–694.
2. Ajzen, I., Attitudes, personality, and behaviour. 1988, Dorsey Press, Chicago, IL.
3. Ajzen, I., The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50:2 (1991), 179–211.
4. Alahäivälä T., Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Understanding persuasion contexts in health gamification: A systematic analysis of gamified health behavior change support systems literature. International Journal of Medical Informatics 96 (2016), 62–70.
5. Alcivar, I., Abad, A.G., Design and evaluation of a gamified system for ERP training. Computers in Human Behavior 58 (2016), 109–118.
6. Allam, A., Kostova, Z., Nakamoto, K., Schulz, P.J., The effect of social support features and gamification on a web based intervention for rheumatoid arthritis patients: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(1), 2015, e14.
7. Araújo, J., Pestana, G., A framework for social well-being and skills management at the workplace. International Journal of Information Management 37:6 (2017), 718–725.
8. Atkinson, M.A., Kydd, C., Individual characteristics associated with world wide web use: An empirical study of playfulness and motivation. Data Base for Advances in Information Systems 28:2 (1997), 53–62.
9. Attali, Y., Arieli-Attali, M., Gamification in assessment: Do points affect test performance?. Computers & Education 83 (2014), 57–63.
10. Bista, S.K., Nepal, S., Paris, C., Colineau, N., Gamification for online communities: A case study for delivering government services. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 23(2), 2014.
11. Bittner, J.V., Schipper, J., Motivational effects and age differences of gamification in product advertising. The Journal of Consumer Marketing 31:5 (2014), 391–400.
12. Blohm, I., Leimeister, J.M., Gamification - design of IT-Based enhancing services for motivational support and behavioral change. Business & Information Systems Engineering 5:4 (2013), 275–278.
13. Bonde, M.T., Makransky, G., Wandall, J., Larsen, M.V., Morsing, M., Jarmer, H., et al. Improving biotech education through gamified laboratory simulations. Nature Biotechnology 32:7 (2014), 694–697.
14. Buisman, A.L.D., van Eekelen, M.C.J.D., Gamification in educational software development. Proceedings of the Computer Science Education Research Conference, (Berlin, Germany, November 5-6, 2014), 2014, 9–20.
15. Burke, B., Gamify: How gamification motivates people to do extraordinary things. 2014, Bibliomotion, Inc.
16. Butler, C., A framework for evaluating the effectiveness of gamification techniques by personality type. International Conference on HCI in Business (Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 22-27, 2014), 2014, 381–389.
17. Cafazzo, J.A., Casselman, M., Hamming, N., Katzman, D.K., Palmert, M.R., Design of an mHealth app for the self-management of adolescent type 1 diabetes: A pilot study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(3), 2012, e70.
18. Caillois, R., Man, play and games. 1961, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL.
19. Cechanowicz, J., Gutwin, C., Brownell, B., Goodfellow, L., Effects of gamification on participation and data quality in a real-world market research domain. Proceedings of Gamification’ 13 Stratford (Ontario, Canada, October 2–4, 2013), 2013, 58–65.
20. Chen, Y., Pu, P., HealthyTogether: Exploring social incentives for mobile fitness applications. Proceedings of Chinese CHI’ 14 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, April 26–27), 2014, 25–34.
21. Chen, C.H., Sun, C.T., Hsieh, J., Player guild dynamics and evolution in massively multiplayer online games. CyberPsychology & Behavior 11:3 (2008), 293–301.
22. Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Pu, P., Exploring social accountability in pervasive fitness apps. Proceeding of the UBICOMM2014 (Rome, Italy, August 24–28, 2014), 2014, 221–226.
23. Choi, J., Choi, H., So, W., Lee, J., You, J., A study about designing reward for gamified crowdsourcing system. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Design, User Experience, and Usability: User Experience Design for Diverse Interaction Platforms and Environments, (Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 22-27), 2014, 678–687.
24. Christy, K.R., Fox, J., Leaderboards in a virtual classroom: A test of stereotype threat and social comparison explanations for women's math performance. Computers & Education 78 (2014), 66–77.
25. Cole, H., Griffiths, M.D., Social interactions in massively multiplayer online role-playing gamers. CyberPsychology & Behavior 10:4 (2007), 575–583.
26. Csíkszentmihályi, M., Beyond boredom and anxiety: Experiencing flow in work and play. 1975, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
27. Csíkszentmihályi, M., Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. 1990, Harper and Row, New York.
28. Davis, F.D., Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly 13:3 (1989), 319–340.
29. Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P., Warshaw, P.R., Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 22 (1992), 1111–1132.
30. Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M., Self-determination. 1985, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New Jersey.
31. Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M., The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry 11:4 (2000), 227–268.
32. de-Marcos, L., Domínguez, A., Saenz-de-Navarrete, J., Pagés, C., An empirical study comparing gamification and social networking on e-learning. Computers & Education 75 (2014), 82–91.
33. Denny, P., The effect of virtual achievements on student engagement, Proceedings of CHI 2013: Changing perspectives (Paris, France, April 27–May 2, 2013). 2013, 763–772.
34. Deterding, S., The lens of intrinsic skill atoms: A method for gameful design. Human-Computer Interaction 30:3-4 (2015), 294–335.
35. Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., Nacke, L., From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining gamification. Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future media Environments (Tampere, Finland, September 28–30, 2011), 2011, 9–15.
36. Domínguez, A., Saenz-de-Navarrete, J., de-Marcos, L., Fernández-Sanz, L., Pagés, C., Martínez-Herráiz, J.-J., Gamifying learning experiences: Practical implications and outcomes. Computers & Education 63 (2013), 380–392.
37. Eickhoff, C., Harris, C.G., de Vries, A.P., Srinivasan, P., Quality through flow and immersion: Gamifying crowdsourced relevance assessments. Proceedings of the 35th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in InformaTion Retrieval (Portland, Oregon, USA, August 12–16, 2012), 2012, 871–880.
38. Elliot, A.J., Harackiewicz, J.M., Goal setting, achievement orientation, and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66:5 (1994), 968–980.
39. Farzan, R., Brusilovsky, P., Encouraging user participation in a course recommender system: An impact on user behavior. Computers in Human Behavior 27:1 (2011), 276–284.
40. Farzan, R., DiMicco, J.M., Millen, D.R., Brownholtz, B., Geyer, W., Dugan, C., When the experiment is over: Deploying an incentive system to all the users. Symposium on persuasive technology (Aberdeen, Scotland, April, 2008), 2008.
41. Farzan, R., DiMicco, J.M., Millen, D.R., Brownholtz, B., Geyer, W., Dugan, C., Results from deploying a participation incentive mechanism within the enterprise. Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Florence, Italy, April 5–10, 2008), 2008, 563–572.
42. Festinger, L., A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations 7:2 (1954), 117–140.
43. Filsecker, M., Hickey, D.T., A multilevel analysis of the effects of external rewards on elementary students’ motivation, engagement and learning in an educational game. Computers & Education 75 (2014), 136–148.
44. Fishbein, M., A theory of reasoned action: Some applications and implications. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 27 (1979), 65–116.
45. Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I., Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to the theory and research. 1975, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
46. Freund, A.M., Hennecke, M., Riediger, M., Age-related differences in outcome and process goal focus. The European Journal of Developmental Psychology 7:2 (2010), 198–222.
47. Gartner, Gartner says by 2015, more than 50 percent of organizations that manage innovation processes will gamify those processes [WWW document]. 2011 (Accessed 14th of February 2017) http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1629214.
48. Gerow, J.E., Ayyagari, R., Thatcher, J.B., Roth, P.L., Can we have fun @ work? The role of intrinsic motivation for utilitarian systems. European Journal of Information Systems 22:3 (2013), 360–380.
49. Hackel, T.S., Jones, M.H., Carbonneau, K.J., Mueller, C.E., Re-examining achievement goal instrumentation: Convergent validity of AGQ and PALS. Contemporary Educational Psychology 46 (2016), 73–80.
50. Hakulinen, L., Auvinen, T., Korhonen, A., Empirical study on the effect of achievement badges in TRAKLA2 online learning environment. Proceedings of Learning and Teaching in Computing and Engineering (LaTiCE) Conference (Macau, March 21–24, 2013), 2013, 47–54.
51. Hakulinen, L., Auvinen, T., Korhonen, A., The effect of achievement badges on students’ behavior: An empirical study in a university-level computer science course. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 10:1 (2015), 18–29.
52. Hall, M., Glanz, S., Caton, S., Weinhardt, C., Measuring your Best you: A gamification framework for Well-being measurement. Proceedings of 2013 International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (Karlsruhe, Germany, September 30-October 2, 2013), 2013, 277–282.
53. Hamari, J., Hassan, L., Dias, A., Gamification, quantified-self or social networking? Matching users’ goals with motivational technology. User Modelling and User-Adapted Interaction 28:1 (2018), 35–74.
54. Hamari, J., Transforming homo economicus into homo ludens: A field experiment on gamification in a utilitarian peer-to-peer trading service. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 12:4 (2013), 236–245.
55. Hamari, J., Do badges increase user activity? A field experiment on effects of gamification. Computers in Human Behavior 71 (2017), 469–478.
56. Hamari, J., Why do people buy virtual goods? Attitude towards virtual good purchases versus game enjoyment. International Journal of Information Management 35:3 (2015), 299–308.
57. Hamari, J., Huotari, K., Tolvanen, J., Gamification and economics. Walz, S.P., Deterding, S., (eds.) The gameful world: Approaches, issues, applications, 2015, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 139–161.
58. Hamari, J., Keronen, L., Why do people play games? A meta-analysis. International Journal of Information Management 37:3 (2017), 125–141.
59. Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., Working out for likes”: An empirical study on social influence in exercise gamification. Computers in Human Behavior 50 (2015), 333–347.
60. Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., Why do people use gamification services?. International Journal of Information Management 35:4 (2015), 419–431.
61. Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., Sarsa, H., Does gamification work? – A literature review of empirical studies on gamification. Proceedings of the 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (Hawaii, USA, JanUary 6–9, 2014), 2014, 3025–3034.
62. Hamari, J., Tuunanen, J., Player types: A meta-synthesis. Transactions of the Digital Games Research Association 1:2 (2014), 29–53.
63. Hanus, M.D., Fox, J., Assessing the effects of gamification in the classroom: A longitudinal study on intrinsic motivation, social comparison, satisfaction, effort, and academic performance. Computers & Education 80 (2015), 152–161.
64. Hassan, L., Hamari, J., Gamification of e-participation: A literature review. Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), (Hawaii, USA, January 8–11, 2019), 2019.
65. Herzig, P., Strahringer, S., Ameling, M., Gamification of ERP systems - exploring gamification effects on user acceptance constructs, in Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik 2012: Tagungsband der MKWI 2012. 2012, Gito Verlag, Berlin, 599–612.
66. Hirschheim, R., Klein, H.K., A glorious and not-so-Short history of the information systems field. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(4), 2012 Article 5.
67. Hirschman, E.C., Holbrook, M.B., Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing 46 (1982), 92–101.
68. Huang, H.-C., Cheng, T.C.E., Huang, W.-F., Teng, C.-I., Impact of online gamers’ personality traits on interdependence, network convergence, and continuance intention: Perspective of social exchange theory. International Journal of Information Management 38:1 (2018), 232–242.
69. Huizinga, J., Homo ludens: A study of the play element in culture. 1955, Beacon Press, Boston, MA.
70. Huotari, K., Hamari, J., Defining gamification – A service marketing perspective. Proceedings of the 16th International Academic MindTrek Conference (Tampere, Finland, 3–5 October, 2012), 2012, 17–22.
71. Huotari, K., Hamari, J., A definition for gamification: Anchoring gamification in the service marketing literature. Electronic Markets 27:1 (2017), 21–31.
72. IEEE, Everyone's a gamer – IEEE experts predict gaming will be integrated into more than 85 percent of daily tasks by 2020 [WWW document]. 2014 (Accessed 14th of February 2017) http://www.ieee.org/about/news/2014/25_feb_2014.html.
73. Ipeirotis, P.G., Gabrilovich, E., Quizz: Targeted crowdsourcing with a billion (potential) users. Proceedings of WWW’ 14 (Seoul, Korea, April 7–11, 2014), 2014, 143–154.
74. Jones, B.A., Madden, G.J., Wengreen, H.J., The FIT game: Preliminary evaluation of a gamification approach to increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in school. Preventive Medicine 68 (2014), 76–79.
75. Kallio, K.P., Mäyrä F., Kaipainen, K., At least nine ways to play: Approaching gamer mentalities. Games and Culture, 2010 1555412010391089.
76. Koivisto, J., Hamari, J., Demographic differences in perceived benefits from gamification. Computers in Human Behavior 35 (2014), 179–188.
77. Landers, R.N., Developing a theory of gamified learning: Linking serious games and gamification of learning. Simulation & Gaming 45 (2015), 752–768.
78. Landers, R.N., Armstrong, M.B., Enhancing instructional outcomes with gamification: An empirical test of the Technology-Enhanced Training Effectiveness Model. Computers in Human Behavior, 2015.
79. Landers, R.N., Bauer, K.N., Callan, R.C., Gamification of task performance with leaderboards: A goal setting experiment. Computers in Human Behavior, 2015.
80. Landers, R.N., Landers, A.K., An empirical test of the theory of gamified learning: The effect of leaderboards on time-on-task and academic performance. Simulation & Gaming 45:6 (2015), 769–785.
81. Laureyssens, T., Coenen, T., Claeys, L., Mechant, P., Criel, J., Vande Moere, A., ZWERM: A modular component network approach for an urban participation game. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI’ 14 (Toronto, ON, Canada, April 26-May 1, 2014), 2014, 3259–3268.
82. Lee, J.J., Ceyhan, P., Jordan-Cooley, W., Sung, W., GREENIFY: A real world action game for climate change education. Simulation & Gaming 44:2–3 (2013), 349–365.
83. Liu, D., Santhanam, R., Webster, J., Towards meaningful engagement: A framework for design and research of gamified information systems. MIS Quarterly 41:4 (2017), 1011–1034.
84. Liu, D., Xun, L., Santhanam, R., Digital games and beyond? What happens when player compete?. MIS Quarterly 37:1 (2013), 111–124.
85. Locke, E.A., Latham, G.P., Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. The American Psychologist 57:9 (2002), 705–717.
86. Long, Y., Aleven, V., Gamification of joint student/system control over problem selection in a linear equation tutor. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, (Honolulu, HI, USA, June 5-9, 2014), 2014, 378–387.
87. Lounis, S., Pramatari, K., Theotokis, A., Gamification is all about fun: The role of incentive type and community collaboration. Proceedings of ECIS 2014 (Tel Aviv, Israel, June 9–11, 2014), 2014, 1–14.
88. Lunenburg, F.C., Goal-setting theory of motivation. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15(1), 2011.
89. Majuri, J., Koivisto, J., Hamari, J., Gamification of education and learning: A review of empirical literature. Proceedings of the 2nd International GamiFIN conference, (Pori, Finland, May 21-23, 2018), 2018, 11–19.
90. Malaby, T.M., Beyond play: A new approach to games. Games and Culture 2:2 (2007), 95–113.
91. Mann, T., De Ridder, D., Fujita, K., Self-regulation of health behavior: Social psychological approaches to goal setting and goal striving. Health Psychology 32:5 (2013), 487–498.
92. Mekler, E.D., Brühlmann, F., Opwis, K., Tuch, A.N., Do points, levels and leaderboards harm intrinsic motivation?. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Gameful Design, Research, and Applications - Gamification ’13, (Stratford, Ontario, Canada, October 2-4, 2013), 2013, 66–73.
93. Mekler, E.D., Brühlmann, F., Tuch, A.N., Opwis, K., Towards understanding the effects of individual gamification elements on intrinsic motivation and performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 2015.
94. Moon, J.-W., Kim, Y.-G., Extending the TAM for a world-wide-Web context. Information & Management 38:4 (2001), 217–230.
95. Morschheuser, B., Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., Gamification in crowdsourcing: A review. Proceedings of the 49th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (Hawaii, USA, January 5-8, 2016), 2016, 4375–4384.
96. Morschheuser, B., Hamari, J., Maedche, A., Cooperation or competition–When do people contribute more? A field experiment on gamification of crowdsourcing. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2018.
97. Morschheuser, B., Hassan, L., Werder, K., Hamari, J., How to design gamification? A method for engineering gamified software. Information & Software Technology 95 (2018), 219–237.
98. Morschheuser, B., Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., Maedche, A., Gamified crowdsourcing: Conceptualization, literature review, and future agenda. International Journal of Human-computer Studies 106 (2017), 26–43.
99. Mäntymäki, M., Merikivi, J., Verhagen, T., Feldberg, F., Rajala, R., Does a contextualized theory of planned behavior explain why teenagers stay in virtual worlds?. International Journal of Information Management 34:5 (2014), 567–576.
100. Mäntymäki, M., Riemer, K., Digital natives in social virtual worlds: A multi-method study of gratifications and social influences in Habbo Hotel. International Journal of Information Management 34:2 (2014), 210–220.
101. Mäntymäki, M., Salo, J., Purchasing behavior in social virtual worlds: An examination of Habbo Hotel. International Journal of Information Management 33:2 (2013), 282–290.
102. Mäntymäki, M., Salo, J., Why do teens spend real money in virtual worlds? A consumption values and developmental psychology perspective on virtual consumption. International Journal of Information Management 35:1 (2015), 124–134.
103. Mäyrä F., Introduction to game studies: Games in culture. 2008, Sage Publications, London & NY.
104. Panigrahi, R., Srivastava, P.R., Sharma, D., Online learning: Adoption, continuance, and learning outcome—A review of literature. International Journal of Information Management 43 (2018), 1–14.
105. Paré G., Trudel, M.C., Jaana, M., Kitsiou, S., Synthesizing information systems knowledge: A typology of literature reviews. Information & Management 52:2 (2015), 183–199.
106. Reitz, L., Sohny, A., Lochmann, G., VR-based gamification of communication training and oral examination in a second language. International Journal of Game-Based Learning 6:2 (2016), 46–61.
107. Rigby, S., Ryan, R.M., Glued to games: How video games draw us in and hold us spellbound. 2011, Praeger, Santa Barbara, CA.
108. Riva, S., Camerini, A.L., Allam, A., Schulz, P.J., Interactive sections of an internet-based intervention increase empowerment of chronic back pain patients: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(8), 2014.
109. Ryan, R.M., Deci, E.L., Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. The American Psychologist 55:1 (2000), 68–78.
110. Ryan, R.M., Rigby, C.S., Przybylski, A., The motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and Emotion 30:4 (2006), 344–360.
111. Sanchez-Nielsen, E., Lee, D., eParticipation in practice in Europe: The case of “puzzled by policy: Helping you Be part of EU”. Proceedings of the 46th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (Hawaii, USA, January 7-10, 2013, 2013, 1870–1879.
112. Santhanam, R., Liu, D., Shen, W.C.M., Research note - gamification of technology-mediated training: Not all competitions are the same. Information Systems Research 27:2 (2016), 453–465.
113. Scharkow, M., Festl, R., Vogelgesang, J., Quandt, T., Beyond the “core-gamer”: Genre preferences and gratifications in computer games. Computers in Human Behavior 44 (2015), 293–298.
114. Seaborn, K., Fels, D.I., Gamification in theory and action: A survey. International Journal of Human-computer Studies 74 (2015), 14–31.
115. Seffah, A., Taleb, M., Tracing the evolution of HCI patterns as an interaction design tool. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering 8:2 (2012), 93–109.
116. Simões, J., Díaz Redondo, R., Fernández Vilas, A., A social gamification framework for a K-6 learning platform. Computers in Human Behavior 29:2 (2013), 345–353.
117. Sun, H., Zhang, P., Causal relationships between perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use: An alternative approach. Journal of the Association for Information Systems 7:9 (2006), 618–645.
118. Sørensen, J.J.W., Pedersen, M.K., Munch, M., Haikka, P., Jensen, J.H., Planke, T., Andreasen, M.G., Gajdacz, M., Mølmer, K., Lieberoth, A., Sherson, J.F., Exploring the quantum speed limit with computer games. Nature 532 (2016), 210–213.
119. Talaei-Khoei, A., Daniel, J., How younger elderly realize usefulness of cognitive training video games to maintain their independent living. International Journal of Information Management 42 (2018), 1–12.
120. Tavinor, G., The art of videogames. 2009, Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA.
121. Teng, C.-I., Impact of avatar identification on online gamer loyalty: Perspectives of social identity and social capital theories. International Journal of Information Management 37:6 (2017), 601–610.
122. Teng, C.I., Chen, W.W., Team participation and online gamer loyalty. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 13:1 (2014), 24–31.
123. Terlutter, R., Capella, M.L., The gamification of advertising: Analysis and research directions of in-game advertising, advergames, and advertising in social network games. Journal of Advertising 42:2-3 (2013), 95–112.
124. Thom, J., Millen, D., DiMicco, J., Removing gamification from an enterprise SNS, in proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Seattle, Washington, USA, February 11–15, 2012). 2012, 1067–1070.
125. Tolmie, P., Chamberlain, A., Benford, S., Designing for reportability: Sustainable gamification, public engagement, and promoting environmental debate. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 18:7 (2014), 1763–1774.
126. Tuomela, R., The importance of us: A philosophy study of basic social notions. 1995, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
127. van der Heijden, H., User acceptance of hedonic information systems. MIS Quarterly 28:4 (2004), 695–704.
128. Venkatesh, V., Creation of favorable user perceptions: Exploring the role of intrinsic motivation. MIS Quarterly 23:2 (1999), 239–260.
129. Vesa, M., Hamari, J., Harviainen, J.T., Warmelink, H., Computer games and organization studies. Organization Studies 38:2 (2017), 273–284.
130. Wang, X., Schneider, C., Valacich, J.S., Enhancing creativity in group collaboration: How performance targets and feedback shape perceptions and idea generation performance. Computers in Human Behavior 42 (2015), 187–195.
131. Warmelink, H., Koivisto, J., Mayer, I., Vesa, M., Hamari, J., Gamification of production and logistics operations: Status quo and future directions. Journal of Business Research, 2018 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296318304594.
132. Watson, D., Mandryk, R.L., Stanley, K.G., The design and evaluation of a classroom exergame. Proceedings of Gamification’ 13 (Stratford, ON, Canada, October 02–04, 2013), 2013, 34–41.
133. Webster, J., Martocchio, J.J., Microcomputer playfulness: Development of a measure with workplace implications. MIS Quarterly 16:2 (1992), 201–226.
134. Webster, J., Watson, R.T., Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review. MIS Quarterly 26:2 (2002), xiii–xxiii.
135. Williams, D., Consalvo, M., Caplan, S., Yee, N., Looking for gender: Gender roles and behaviors among online gamers. The Journal of Communication 59:4 (2009), 700–725.
136. Williams, D., Yee, N., Caplan, S.E., Who plays, how much, and why? Debunking the stereotypical gamer profile. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13:4 (2008), 993–1018.
137. Wu, J., Lu, X., Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivators on using utilitarian, hedonic, and dual-purposed information systems: A meta-analysis. Journal of the Association for Information Systems 14:3 (2013), 153–191.
138. Xi, N., Hamari, J., The relationship between gamification, brand engagement and brand equity. Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), (Hawaii, USA, January 8-11, 2019), 2019.
139. Yates, M., Kelemen, A., Sik Lanyi, C., Virtual reality gaming in the rehabilitation of the upper extremities post-stroke. Brain Injury 30:7 (2016), 855–863.
140. Yee, N., Motivations for play in online games. CyberPsychology & Behavior 9:6 (2006), 772–775.
141. Zagal, J.P., Mateas, M., Fernandez-Vara, C., Hochhalter, B., Lichti, N., Towards an ontological language for game analysis. Proceedings of International DiGRA Conference: Changing Views - Worlds in Play (Vancouver, Canada, June 16–20, 2005), 2005 3e14.