Developing a Theory of Gamified Learning: Linking Serious Games and Gamification of Learning

Simulation and Gaming

Volumn 45, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 752-768

  Landers, Richard N ^a  

^a OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

attitudes; behavior; game attribute taxonomy; game attributes; game element taxonomy; game elements; gamification; gamified learning; learning; learning outcomes; mediation; model; moderation; psychology; serious games; simulation gaming; taxonomy; theory; training

Indexed keywords

EID: 84926506339     PISSN: 10468781     EISSN: 1552826X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1046878114563660     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. ArjorantaJ. (2014). Game definitions: A Wittgensteinian approach. Game Studies. Retrieved from http://gamestudies.org/1401/articles/arjoranta
2. Arthur W.,Bennett W.,Edens P. S.,Bell S. T.Effectiveness of training in organizations: A meta-analysis of design and evaluation features.Journal of Applied Psychology. 2003;88:234-245
3. Baron R. M.,Kenny D. A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1986;51:1173-1182
4. Bedwell W. L.,Pavlas D.,Heyne K.,Lazzara E. H.,Salas E.Toward a taxonomy linking game attributes to learning: An empirical study.Simulation & Gaming: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 2012;43:729-760
5. BrousellL. (2013, February5). How gamification reshapes corporate training. Retrieved from http://www.cio.com/article/728268/How_Gamification_Reshapes_Corporate_Training
6. Brown K. G.Using computers to deliver training: Which employees learn and why?.Personnel Psychology. 2001;54:271-296
7. Callan R. C.,Bauer K. N.,Landers R. N.Gamification in education and business. Reiners T.Wood L., ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2015:553-568.
8. Campbell J. P.,Kuncel N. R.Handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology. Anderson N.Ones D. S., ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; 2002:278-312.
9. Carini R. M.,Kuh G. D.,Klein S. P.Student engagement and student learning: Testing the linkages.Research in Higher Education. 2006;47:1-32
10. Cole M. S.,Walter F.,Bedeian A. G.,O’Boyle E. H.Job burnout and employee engagement: A meta-analytic examination of construct proliferation.Journal of Management. 2012;38:1550-1581
11. Deterding S.,Sicart M.,Nacke L.,O’Hara K.,Dixon D..Proceedings of the CHI 2011 Gamification Workshop; 2011Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; 2011.
12. Domínguez A.,Saenz-de-Navarrete J.,de-Marcos L.,Fernández-Sanz L.,Pagés C.,Martínez-Herráiz J.-J.Gamifying learning experiences: Practical implications and outcomes.Computers & Education. 2013;63:380-392
13. Garris R.,Ahlers R.,Driskell J. E.Games, motivation, and learning: A research and practice model.Simulation & Gaming: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 2002;33:441-467
14. GoasduffL.PetteyC. (2011). Gartner says by 2015, more than 50 percent of organizations that manage innovation processes will gamify those processes. Retrieved from http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1629214
15. Graham S.,Perin D.A meta-analysis of writing instruction for adolescent students.Journal of Educational Psychology. 2007;99:445-476
16. Hamari J.,Koivisto J.,Sarsa H..Proceedings of the 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences; 2014Waikoloa, HI; 2014.
17. Hattie J.,Biggs J.,Purdie N.Effects of learning skills interventions on student learning: A meta-analysis.Review of Educational Research. 1996;66:99-136
18. Huotari K.,Hamari J..Proceedings of the CHI 2011 Gamification Workshop; 2011Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; 2011.
19. Klabbers J. H. G.Terminological ambiguity: Game and simulation.Simulation & Gaming: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 2009;40:446-463
20. Kulik J. A.,Kulik C.-L. C.,Cohen P. A.Effectiveness of computer-based college teaching: A meta-analysis of findings.Review of Educational Research. 1980;50:525-544
21. Landers R. N.,Bauer K. N.,Callan R. C.,Armstrong M. B.Gamification in education and business. Reiners T.Wood L., ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2015:165-186.
22. Landers R. N.,Callan R. C.Serious games and edutainment applications. Ma M.Oikonomou A.Jain L. C., ed. Surrey, UK: Springer; 2011:399-424.
23. LandersR. N.CallanR. C. (2012). Training evaluation in virtual worlds: Development of a model. Journal of Virtual Worlds Research, 5(3). https://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/6335/6300
24. Landers R. N.,Landers A. K.An empirical test of the theory of gamified learning: The effect of leaderboards on time-on-task and academic performance.Simulation & Gaming: An Interdisciplinary Journal. IN PRESS;:
25. Le H.,Schmidt F. L.,Harter J. K.,Lauver K. J.The problem of empirical redundancy of constructs in organizational research: An empirical investigation.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 2010;112:112-125
26. Lowood H.Playing video games. Vorderer P.Bryant J., ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2006:25-42.
27. Michael D.,Chen S.Serious games: Games that educate, train, and inform. Boston, MA: Thomson Course Technology; 2005:
28. Nah F. F.-H.,Telaprolu V. R.,Rallapalli S.,Venkata P. R.HIMI/HCII 2013, Part III. Yamamoto S., ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 2013:99-107.
29. Nicholson S..Paper Presented at Games+Learning+Society 8.0; 2012Madison, WI; 2012.
30. Nicholson S..Paper presented at Games+Learning+Society 9.0; 2013Madison, WI; 2013.
31. Norris J. M.,Ortega L.Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis.Language Learning. 2000;50:417-528
32. Paas F.,Tuovinen J. E.,van Merrienboer J. J. G.,Darabi A. A.A motivational perspective on the relation between mental effort and performance: Optimizing learner involvement in instruction.Educational Technology Research & Development. 2005;53 (3): 25-34
33. PetteyC., van der MeulenR. (2012). Gartner says by 2014, 80 percent of current gamified applications will fail to meet business objectives primarily due to poor design. Retrieved from http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2251015
34. Renaud C.,Wagoner B.The gamification of learning.Principal Leadership. 2011;12:56-59
35. RobertsonM. (2010). Can’t play, won’t play. Retrieved from http://www.hideandseek.net/2010/10/06/cant-play-wont-play/
36. Roediger H. L.,Karpicke J. D.Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention.Psychological Science. 2006;17:249-255
37. Seidel T.,Shavelson R. J.Teaching effectiveness research in the past decade: The role of theory and research design in disentangling meta-analysis results.Review of Educational Research. 2007;77:454-499
38. Sheldon L.The multiplayer classroom: Designing coursework as a game. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning; 2012:
39. Simones J.,Redondo R. D.,Vilas A. F.A social gamification framework for a K-6 learning platform.Computers in Human Behavior. 2013;29:345-353
40. Singh J.Redundancy in constructs: Problem, assessment, and an illustrative example.Journal of Business Research. 1991;22:255-280
41. TayL. (2010, March18). Employers: Look to gaming to motivate staff. itnews for Australian Business. Retrieved from http://www.itnews.com.au/News/169862,employers-look-to-gaming-to-motivate-staff.aspx
42. van BenthemJ. F. A. K. (2002). What logic games are trying to tell us. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: ILLC Publications. Retrieved from http://www.illc.uva.nl/Research/Publications/Reports/PP-2003-05.text.pdf
43. Simulation & Gaming: An Interdisciplinary Journal. Whitton N.Moseley A., ed. 2014:
44. Wilson K. A.,Bedwell W. L.,Lazzara E. H.,Salas E.,Burke C. S.,Estock J.,.. Conkey C.Relationships between game attributes and learning outcomes: Review and research proposals.Simulation & Gaming: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 2009;40:217-266
45. Zhao C.-M.,Kuh G. D.Adding value: Learning communities and student engagement.Research in Higher Education. 2004;45:115-138